Biotechnology
-
Upload
sydney-beard -
Category
Documents
-
view
10 -
download
0
description
Transcript of Biotechnology
![Page 1: Biotechnology](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062720/5681351d550346895d9c7a6b/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Biotechnology
Exam #3 W 7/9
![Page 2: Biotechnology](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062720/5681351d550346895d9c7a6b/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Human resource production and use
Worldwide Grain Production per Person
http://www.earth-policy.org/Updates/2008/Update69.htm
![Page 3: Biotechnology](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062720/5681351d550346895d9c7a6b/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
~60 percent of the world grain harvest is consumed as food, ~36 percent as feed, and ~3 percent as fuel. While the use of grain for food and feed grows by roughly 1 percent per year, that used for fuel is growing by over 20 percent per year.
http://www.earth-policy.org/Updates/2008/Update69.htm
![Page 4: Biotechnology](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062720/5681351d550346895d9c7a6b/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Land use in USA, 1997
![Page 5: Biotechnology](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062720/5681351d550346895d9c7a6b/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Hunter-Gatherer
Agricultural
Industrial
Artificial Selection
(breeding)
![Page 6: Biotechnology](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062720/5681351d550346895d9c7a6b/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Modern cows were bred from earlier bovine species.
![Page 7: Biotechnology](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062720/5681351d550346895d9c7a6b/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
from Teosinte MaizeBy artificial selection that began ~10,000 years ago.
![Page 8: Biotechnology](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062720/5681351d550346895d9c7a6b/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
![Page 9: Biotechnology](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062720/5681351d550346895d9c7a6b/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Different foodsfrom one species of plant. Created byartificial selection.
![Page 10: Biotechnology](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062720/5681351d550346895d9c7a6b/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Wild member of Brassica oleracea: small side buds
Brussels sprouts: extremely large side buds
Artificial selection
Nu
mb
er o
f In
div
idu
als
Size of buds (cm)
0 1 2 3
1. Select individuals that have the largestside buds and breed them.
2. Of the offspring, select individuals that have the largest sidebuds and breed them.
3. Of the offspring,select individuals that have the largest sidebuds and breed them.
4. After severalgenerations, bud sizeincreases dramatically.
![Page 11: Biotechnology](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062720/5681351d550346895d9c7a6b/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Hunter-Gatherer
Agricultural
Industrial
![Page 12: Biotechnology](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062720/5681351d550346895d9c7a6b/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Genetic Engineering: Direct manipulation of DNA
![Page 13: Biotechnology](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062720/5681351d550346895d9c7a6b/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
from DNA:the Information
DNA
RNA
protein
cytoplasm
nucleus
to proteins:the Actors
![Page 14: Biotechnology](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062720/5681351d550346895d9c7a6b/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
We can now insert new genes or modify existing genes of organisms
CB 20.2
![Page 15: Biotechnology](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062720/5681351d550346895d9c7a6b/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Mil
lion
s of
Hec
tare
s
Texas =70 ha
Global area planted with GM crops
http://www.gmo-compass.org/eng/agri_biotechnology/gmo_planting/257.global_gm_planting_2006.html
![Page 16: Biotechnology](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062720/5681351d550346895d9c7a6b/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
![Page 17: Biotechnology](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062720/5681351d550346895d9c7a6b/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
% o
f T
otal
US
Acr
esCommon GM Crops in the U.S.
http://blog.wired.com/
wiredscience/2007/09/
monsanto-is-hap.html
![Page 18: Biotechnology](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062720/5681351d550346895d9c7a6b/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Why Change a Plant’s DNA?
• Can change plant so that it has new or different characteristics– Produce needed protein
– Insect resistance (Bt toxin)
– Herbicide resistance (Round-up)
– Drought or other stress resistance
![Page 19: Biotechnology](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062720/5681351d550346895d9c7a6b/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Herbicide Tolerance; Insect Resistance; Viral Resistance
Types of Genetically Modified Crops
![Page 20: Biotechnology](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062720/5681351d550346895d9c7a6b/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
% o
f T
otal
US
Acr
esCommon GM Crops in the U.S.
http://blog.wired.com/
wiredscience/2007/09/
monsanto-is-hap.html
![Page 21: Biotechnology](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062720/5681351d550346895d9c7a6b/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Texas =70 ha
Is Genetically Modifying Plants a Good Idea?
http://www.gmo-compass.org/eng/agri_biotechnology/gmo_planting/257.global_gm_planting_2006.html
![Page 22: Biotechnology](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062720/5681351d550346895d9c7a6b/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Is Changing an Organism’s DNA a Good or Bad Idea?
• Genes flow within species and between species.
• Are GM foods safe for the environment?
• Are herbicide or insect resistant plants safe to eat?
• Are GM foods profitable for:– Consumers, Farmers, and Companies?
![Page 23: Biotechnology](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062720/5681351d550346895d9c7a6b/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressorare needed to see this picture.
Pollution in Gulf of Mexico from run-off in the Mississippi river
![Page 24: Biotechnology](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062720/5681351d550346895d9c7a6b/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Pollen is easily transferred from plant to plant, and to related species.
![Page 25: Biotechnology](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062720/5681351d550346895d9c7a6b/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
GM crops illegal
GM crops found in Oaxaca and other MX states
Genetic information moves.
![Page 26: Biotechnology](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062720/5681351d550346895d9c7a6b/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
GM crops illegal
GM crops found in Oaxaca and other MX states
Genetic information moves, and is self-replicating.
![Page 27: Biotechnology](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062720/5681351d550346895d9c7a6b/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Is Changing an Organism’s DNA a Good or Bad Idea?
• Genes flow within species and between species.
• Are GM foods safe for the environment?
• Are herbicide or insect resistant plants safe to eat?
• Are GM foods profitable for:– Consumers, Farmers, and Companies?
![Page 28: Biotechnology](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062720/5681351d550346895d9c7a6b/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressorare needed to see this picture.
N. Am. Forest
An inter-connected ecosystem
![Page 29: Biotechnology](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062720/5681351d550346895d9c7a6b/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Danger of GM crops to other organisms
![Page 30: Biotechnology](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062720/5681351d550346895d9c7a6b/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Danger of GM crops to other organisms
![Page 31: Biotechnology](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062720/5681351d550346895d9c7a6b/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Danger of GM crops to other organisms
![Page 32: Biotechnology](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062720/5681351d550346895d9c7a6b/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Danger of GM crops to other organisms
![Page 33: Biotechnology](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062720/5681351d550346895d9c7a6b/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Danger of GM crops to other organisms
![Page 34: Biotechnology](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062720/5681351d550346895d9c7a6b/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Many Questions, but Few Answers?
• Genes flow within species and between species.
• Are GM foods safe for the environment?
• Are herbicide or insect resistant plants safe to eat?
• Are GM foods profitable for:– Consumers, Farmers, and Companies?
![Page 35: Biotechnology](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062720/5681351d550346895d9c7a6b/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
% o
f T
otal
US
Acr
esCommon Genetically Modified Crops
Starlink corn
![Page 36: Biotechnology](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062720/5681351d550346895d9c7a6b/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Many Questions, but Few Answers?
• Genes flow within species and between species.
• Are GM foods safe for the environment?
• Are herbicide or insect resistant plants safe to eat?
• Are GM foods profitable for:– Consumers, Farmers, and Companies?
![Page 37: Biotechnology](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062720/5681351d550346895d9c7a6b/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Where does the information about genetically modified foods
come from?
![Page 38: Biotechnology](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062720/5681351d550346895d9c7a6b/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Many Questions, but Few Answers?
• Genes flow within species and between species.
• Are GM foods safe for the environment?
• Are herbicide or insect resistant plants safe to eat?
• Are GM foods profitable for:– Consumers, Farmers, and Companies?
![Page 39: Biotechnology](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062720/5681351d550346895d9c7a6b/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Patents give 17 year monopoly for inventor
![Page 40: Biotechnology](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062720/5681351d550346895d9c7a6b/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Examples of current patents:
•Atryn- antithrombin produced in transgenic goats (in milk) has anti-clotting properties
•Evolutec has patents on proteins in tick saliva for use as anti-inflammatory
•GTG in Australia has patents on non-coding human DNA for detecting risk af various diseases
•Harvard patented cancer susceptible mouse
•Over 70 U.S. patents for use of Indian neem tree
![Page 41: Biotechnology](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062720/5681351d550346895d9c7a6b/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Neem, say the women, helps babies sleep, keeps flies away, is a cosmetic, a disinfectant and a pesticide. Its leaves make good cattle fodder, its twigs are good for teeth and gums. It is used, they say, for snake bites, malaria, hysteria, high blood pressure, pain relief, skin diseases and a host of other ailments.
Over 70 U.S. patents for use of Indian neem tree
![Page 42: Biotechnology](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062720/5681351d550346895d9c7a6b/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Neem, say the women, helps babies sleep, keeps flies away, is a cosmetic, a disinfectant and a pesticide. Its leaves make good cattle fodder, its twigs are good for teeth and gums. It is used, they say, for snake bites, malaria, hysteria, high blood pressure, pain relief, skin diseases and a host of other ailments.
Over 70 U.S. patents for use of Indian neem tree
One was rejected due to previous use in indigenous Indian culture
![Page 43: Biotechnology](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062720/5681351d550346895d9c7a6b/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Concerns of developing nations vs. industrialized countries
Bioprospecting
![Page 44: Biotechnology](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062720/5681351d550346895d9c7a6b/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Lack of research on third world problems.(tuberculosis, malaria, cholera, dysentery…Not profitable.
![Page 45: Biotechnology](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062720/5681351d550346895d9c7a6b/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Where does the information about genetically modified foods
come from?
![Page 46: Biotechnology](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062720/5681351d550346895d9c7a6b/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Mil
lion
s of
Hec
tare
s
Texas =70 ha
Global area planted with GM crops
http://www.gmo-compass.org/eng/agri_biotechnology/gmo_planting/257.global_gm_planting_2006.html
![Page 47: Biotechnology](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062720/5681351d550346895d9c7a6b/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Biotechnology
Exam #3 W 7/9