Biomolecules proteins and n. acids ss copy

65
Proteins

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Transcript of Biomolecules proteins and n. acids ss copy

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Proteins

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ProteinsThey perform

many functions

within living organisms.

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ProteinsMade up ofamino acid monomers joined by a

peptide bond

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Amino AcidSide

Group

Amino Group Carboxyl Group

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aa1 aa2 aa3 aa4 aa5 aa6

peptide bonds

Polypeptide Chain

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Polypeptide Chain

(Primary Structure)

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Sheet and Helix(Secondary Structure)

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Tertiary Structure

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Quaternary Structure

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Proteins

Functionscopy DNA

form structurescatalyze reactionsrespond to stimuli

transport molecules

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Proteins

Proteins help in copying DNA

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Proteins

Proteins make up

structures of organisms.

Keratin

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Proteins

Proteins make up

structures of organisms.

Collagen

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Proteins

Proteins make up

structures of organisms.

Actin & Myosin

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Proteins

Proteins speed up chemical reactions.

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Proteins

Proteins speed up chemical reactions.

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Proteins

Proteins participate in cell signaling.

Antibody

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Proteins

Proteins serve as transport channels.

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Nucleic Acids

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Nucleic AcidsThey store and

transmit hereditary

information and they help in

making proteins.

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Nucleic Acids

They aremade up of nucleotide monomers.

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Nucleotide

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Nucleic AcidsDNA

Deoxyribonucleic Acid

RNARibonucleic acid

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Nucleotide

FIVE TYPES

RIBOSEDEOXYRIBOSE

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Nucleotide

ADENINEGUANINETHYMINECYTOSINEURACIL

RIBOSE OR DEOXYRIBOSE

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A

G TU

C

PURINES PYRIMIDINES

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DNA

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DNAIt is a double-

stranded nucleic acid that composes chromosomes and

carries genetic information.

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DNA

HeritableReplicableTranscribableMutable

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DNA

HeritableReplicableTranscribableMutable

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DNA (a nucleic acid) is located in the nucleus.

Nucleus ChromosomeDNA

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DNA can also be found in the chloroplasts and mitochondria.

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DNA

DNA contains 4

bases A, T, G, & C

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Erwin Chargaff’s Base Pair Rules• Adenine always bonds with thymine. A = T

• Guanine always bonds with Cytosine. G C

A

CG

T

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Chargaff discovered that DNA contains the same amount of adenine as thymine

and the same amount of cytosine as guanine.

A AA AA A

AT

T

T

T TT

T

CCC G G

G

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C

G

A

A

T

G

Nucleotide PS

N-b

Pairing DNA Nucleotides

Rule

A to

C to

T

G

What is the base pairing rule?What would be the complementary nucleotide pairing?

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3’End

3’End 5’End

5’End

DNA

DOU

BLE

HELI

X

ladder shaped molecule

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DNADNA codes for

proteins (structural,

enzymes, and hormones)

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RNA

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RNA• Single strand of

nucleotides instead of double stranded

• Has uracil instead of thymine

• Contains ribose instead of deoxyribose

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A

B

C

RNA Nucleotides• A - Sugar (ribose)• B - Phosphate• C - Nitrogen base

sugar

phosphate

nitrogen base

Name the parts of the nucleotide.

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Rules for Base Pairing• Cytosine pairs with Guanine

• Adenine pairs with Uracil

Notice that RNA has Uracil (not thymine)

A = U

C = G

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Rules for Base Pairing

• C = G

• A = U

3’ DNA strand

5’ DNA strandRNA strand

C

A

T

G

G

U

C

A

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RNA

• Carries DNA’s message code

• Helps make protein

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Phosphate Group

Nitrogen Base

Sugar

(ribose)

RNA

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Overall process of protein synthesis

transcription translation

DNA RNA Protein

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copyright cmassengale 69

Transcription

Translation

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• What does the chain of amino acids represent?

Threonine

Arginine

GlycineGlycine

Proline

Asparagine

Proline Alanine

Polypeptide Chain – A Protein

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Codons• One codon codes for one amino acid.

• A sequence of amino acids is a protein.

EX: ACG = amino acid (threonine)CGC = amino acid (arginine)GGA = amino acid (glycine)

ACG

GGAGGC

CCA

AAC

CCG

GCCCGC

Threonine

Arginine

GlycineGlycine

Proline

Asparagine

Proline

Alanine

Amino Acid

protein

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Pathway to Making a Protein

DNA

mRNA

tRNA (ribosomes)

Proteincopyright cmassengale 73

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