Biomolecules

Making Polymers

Carbon is the one element needed for the creation

of life Carbon has 4 bonding sites making it important because of the bonding abilities When carbon is linked to itself it is said to be a carbon skeleton Carbon based molecules are considered Organic molecules. Non-carbon based molecules are considered Inorganic molecules

Making Polymers

Biomolecules are made up of smaller piecesMonomer: A small molecular unitPolymer: Monomers linked togetherThere are 4 main polymers or

Macromolecules Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acids

Building PolymersBuilding Polymers Breaking PolymerBreaking Polymer

To make a polymer, monomers are chained together

Each linkage made requires water out of the chain

Dehydration reaction= monomer+monomer= release of water

To break down polymers, monomers are removed

Each linkage broken requires water into the chain

Hydrolysis reaction= Polymer-monomer+water= two parts

Building and breaking Polymers

LE 3-3

Short polymer

Dehydrationreaction

Unlinked monomer

Longer polymer

Hydrolysis

Carbohydrates

Monosaccharide

A simple sugar containing only one sugar molecule.

EX. Glucose Fructose Galactose

One sugar molecule can be in a chain or ring form

LE 3-4b

Glucose Fructose

Structuralformula

Abbreviatedstructure

Simplifiedstructure

Glucose

Glucose is a main source of cellular energyThe carbon skeleton can also be used to build

other moleculesGlucose is also used to create larger

macromolecules.

Structuralformula

Abbreviatedstructure

Simplifiedstructure

Disaccharide

Two monosaccharides can be linked together using a dehydration reaction to create a disaccharide

Ex. Glucose+fructose=

sucrose Glucose+Glucose=

maltose

Glucose Glucose

Maltose

Polysaccharide

Long polymer chains made up of a chain of simple sugars

EX. Starch= found in plant cells and is a long chain of

glucose Glycogen= found in animal cells and is a long chain of

glucose that is branched Cellulose= found in plant cells and is a long chain of

glucose that are linked together with hydrogen bonds

Sugar molecules are hydrophilic

Starch granules inpotato tuber cells

Glycogengranules inmuscletissues

Cellulose fibrils ina plant cell wall

Cellulosemolecules

GLYCOGEN

CELLULOSE

STARCHGlucose

monomer