Biometric and Password Authentication System for Vehicles With

8/2/2019 Biometric and Password Authentication System for Vehicles With

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Biometric Authentication System for vehicles with SMS Alert and Password

assistance

External Project at K.M.V Mechatronics Pvt.Ltd., Chennai.

By, INTERNAL GUIDE

N.VIGNESH Mr.Radeep Krishna

(9908005372),ECE-F (ASSISTANT PROFESSOR-ECE)

R.R.VIJAY EXTERNAL GUIDE

(9908005375),ECE-F Mr.Satish Kumar

S.VINOTH KUMAR (PROJECT CO-ORDINATOR)

(9908005380),ECE-F KMV MECHATRONICS PVT.LTD.,


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Abstract

To protect our vehicles from theft, the present mechanical key

based security system should be replaced with biometric fingerprint

based ignition lock system. The entire circuit of this project provides an

anti-theft device for vehicles. The technology used in this device is based

on biometrics and embedded systems.

In this project, the biometric fingerprint based key system is accessed only

by the authorized person or owner of the vehicle for starting the vehicle.

If any unauthorized person tries to start the vehicle (ie., invalid

password) an SMS is sent to the predefined number.


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Technology used consists of biometric fingerprint based authentication

system.

The fingerprint scanner module is used to scan the fingerprint of the

authorized persons.

The authorization of a person is verified by the 8051 program which is written

in embedded C and burns it into the 89S52 microcontroller flash memory.

A GSM modem is interfacing to 89S52 microcontroller to provide the SMS

alerts when the unauthorized persons try to access the vehicle ignition lock.


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Block Diagram

Biometric Technology (Schema : Fingerprint)

Password Authentication

GSM Communication


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Literature Review


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Efficient Fingerprint-based User Authentication for

Embedded Systems

IEEE JOURNAL

Aim:

To provide authentication at

Biometric level

Tech:

Embedded systems

Result:

Successfully implemented with some

shrotcomingsConclusion:

An efficient architecture for

performing fingerprint-based user

authentication in embedded

systems.

Author: Pallav Gupta et.al.,

Journal: IEEE transaction Journal

Year:2006

Vol:14.5

Page no:244-247


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Implementation of the system

Developed AVR Microcontroller unit

Developed Fingerprint Scanner Module unit

Developed Interfacing LCD display with AVR Microcontroller unit

Developed GSM modem interfacing


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AVR Microcontroller Specifications (in Keil Microvision)

Chip type : ATmega162Program type

ApplicationClock frequency : 11.059200 MHzMemory model

SmallExternal RAM size : 0

Data Stack size : 256

The ATmega162 is a low-power CMOS 8-bit microcontroller based on the

AVR enhanced RISC architecture. By executing powerful instructions in a

single clock cycle, the ATmega162 achieves throughputs approaching 1

MIPS per MHz allowing the system designer to optimize power

consumption versus processing speed.


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Initializing AVR microcontroller in Embedded C

#include

#include

#asm .equ __lcd_port=0x15 ;

PORTC#endasm


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AVR Pin Configurations


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LCD Coding in Keil Microvision

Algorithm

Initialize the LCD library file by enabling

Initialize the LCD with two lines, 4X4 matrix

Clear the Register, Read/Write and SET the ENABLE PIN on the LCD

Define some BUFFER SIZE

Call some DELAY

Clear the ENABLE pin of the LCD

Set the DISPLAY ON and CURSOR ON

STOP the LCD loop program in PORT-A


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FLOW CHART (for LCD Display)

START

Initialize the 2 line display with 4x4 matrix

Clear the register, r/w pins and SET the enable pin on the lcd

Call some delay ; define buffer size

Set the display and cursor ON

on

password

input password match

access denied

yes

no


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Fingerprint Scanner coding

Algorithm

Read the image obtained from the users finger

If it is, enroll mode, save the image and display Enroll Success

Check if the obtained image already exists in the memory

If it is present, start the comparison of both images

Store the image in FVS image format

Process the image as follows:

i) Edge Detection

ii)Thin Image and Skeletonize Image

On match of Fingerprint display Match Success

On mismatch of fingerprint display Match Failure


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START Read image Process imageSecond process

image

Match prints

FLOW CHART (Fingerprint Scanner)


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Process of Image Retrieval

File does exist?

Open

file

Read

image

data

Primarily provided and implemented by

program, but have one file format for testing

purposes

Store data in FVS

image formatIf file

exist?


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FVS Image Format

Private

myMatrix (Vector of Vector)

Width

Height

operator[]Private

myVector

operator[]

Vector Matrix

resize

resize


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Detailed Flowchart of Image Processing

Edge Detection (Binarize

remove all color leaving

only two)

Provided that image has not be previously

processed:

Thin image,

skeletonize image


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Detailed Flowchart of Edge Detection

x

width

y

height

Get

pixel

@

(x,y)

Run pixel

through the

formula

Repla

ce

pixel

with

new

color

Logarithm formula:

New pixel value = round(log((1.0)/((double)(srcpixel) + 20)) * 70.0) / log(2) * - 255.0)


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Detailed Flowchart of Matching Prints

Match with shift, match up

lines, if certain percentage ofline pixels match continue to

second matching function

Find minutiaes in both images

compare (x,y) location, type(branching or ending), and

degree made by line

Find minutiaes


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SMS (using GSM Technique) coding

Algorithm

Define the desired mobile number to receive SMS

Set the GSM in TEXT mode

Select SIM memory for SMS Storage

Delete all SMS in SIM Memory

On match of fingerprint, do nothing; Start the engine

On mismatch of fingerprint/password block the ignition

Display Try again in LCD

Send GSM SMS message to the predefined number

Terminate the loop; do nothing


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Flow chart (for GSM SMS Alert)

Start

Check for the predefined number

Set GSM modem in TEXT mode

Check the

input

passwordStart the engine

Send Intruder SMS alert

correct

wrong


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Softwares Used

Electronics Workbench V 10.0 (for design and tutorial)

Quite Universal Circuit simulator (QUCS) (for simulation of circuits)

Keil Microvision V 3.0 (for programming in Embedded C)

Super pro (for dumping the program into the microcontroller)


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Result and Conclusion

With the use of biometric technology the conventional mechanical key ignition system was

replaced. Thereby enhancing the security premises of the vehicle. The SMS alert prompts the

user , whenever the Someone tries to tamper the security features. In this manner, the user

can have the information whenever unauthoriesd action is performed against the safety of

the vehicle.So, the end result seems as by integrating the biometric technology, the security

of the vehicle is elated to another degree.


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Reference

[i] Pallav Gupta et.al., Efficient Fingerprint-based User Authentication for

EmbeddedSystems,IEEE Journal,14.5,244-247,June,2005.

[ii] Yagiz Sutcu et.al., Secure Biometric Templates from Fingerprint-Face

Features,IEEE Journal,7,1-7,July 2007.

[iii] Seira Hidano et.al., On Biometric Encryption using Fingerprint and Its

Security Evaluation,IEEE Journal,1,950-956,december,2008.

[iv] NGUYEN Thi Hoang Lan et.al., An Approach to Protect Private Key using

Fingerprint Biometric Encryption Key in BioPKI based Security System,IEEE

Jorunal,3,1595-1599,December,2008


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References Contd.,

[v] Zhu Yanqiong et.al., Security Authentication Scheme Based on

Certificateless Signature and Fingerprint Recognition ,IEEE Journal,7,817-

820,April,2011.

[vi] http://www.biometrics.org/research.php

[vii] http://www.calsoftlabs.com/whitepapers/biometrics-technologies.html

[viii]http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/login.jsp?tp=&arnumber=0628674&url=ht

tp%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fiel3%2F5%2F13673%2F00628674.p

df

[xi]http://www.eyenetwatch.com/Biowebserver/fingerprint_authentication.h

tm
http://www.biometrics.org/research.phphttp://www.calsoftlabs.com/whitepapers/biometrics-technologies.htmlhttp://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/login.jsp?tp=&arnumber=0628674&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fiel3%2F5%2F13673%2F00628674.pdfhttp://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/login.jsp?tp=&arnumber=0628674&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fiel3%2F5%2F13673%2F00628674.pdfhttp://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/login.jsp?tp=&arnumber=0628674&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fiel3%2F5%2F13673%2F00628674.pdfhttp://www.eyenetwatch.com/Biowebserver/fingerprint_authentication.htmhttp://www.eyenetwatch.com/Biowebserver/fingerprint_authentication.htmhttp://www.eyenetwatch.com/Biowebserver/fingerprint_authentication.htmhttp://www.eyenetwatch.com/Biowebserver/fingerprint_authentication.htmhttp://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/login.jsp?tp=&arnumber=0628674&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fiel3%2F5%2F13673%2F00628674.pdfhttp://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/login.jsp?tp=&arnumber=0628674&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fiel3%2F5%2F13673%2F00628674.pdfhttp://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/login.jsp?tp=&arnumber=0628674&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fiel3%2F5%2F13673%2F00628674.pdfhttp://www.calsoftlabs.com/whitepapers/biometrics-technologies.htmlhttp://www.calsoftlabs.com/whitepapers/biometrics-technologies.htmlhttp://www.calsoftlabs.com/whitepapers/biometrics-technologies.htmlhttp://www.calsoftlabs.com/whitepapers/biometrics-technologies.htmlhttp://www.biometrics.org/research.php


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Reference contd.,

[x] http://ugpro143.blogspot.in/2009/03/fingerprint-analysis-for-

fingerprint.html

[xi] http://scialert.net/fulltext/?doi=jas.2008.2939.2948
http://ugpro143.blogspot.in/2009/03/fingerprint-analysis-for-fingerprint.htmlhttp://ugpro143.blogspot.in/2009/03/fingerprint-analysis-for-fingerprint.htmlhttp://scialert.net/fulltext/?doi=jas.2008.2939.2948http://scialert.net/fulltext/?doi=jas.2008.2939.2948http://ugpro143.blogspot.in/2009/03/fingerprint-analysis-for-fingerprint.htmlhttp://ugpro143.blogspot.in/2009/03/fingerprint-analysis-for-fingerprint.htmlhttp://ugpro143.blogspot.in/2009/03/fingerprint-analysis-for-fingerprint.htmlhttp://ugpro143.blogspot.in/2009/03/fingerprint-analysis-for-fingerprint.htmlhttp://ugpro143.blogspot.in/2009/03/fingerprint-analysis-for-fingerprint.htmlhttp://ugpro143.blogspot.in/2009/03/fingerprint-analysis-for-fingerprint.htmlhttp://ugpro143.blogspot.in/2009/03/fingerprint-analysis-for-fingerprint.html


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APPENDIX


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LCD Coding in Atmega162

#include

#define bit_get(p,m) ((p) & (m))

#define bit_set(p,m) ((p) |= (m))

#define bit_clear(p,m) ((p) &= ~(m))

#define bit_flip(p,m) ((p) = (m))

#define bit_write(c,p,m) (c ? bit_set(p,m) : bit_clear(p,m))

#define BIT(x) (0x01


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if ((status & (FRAMING_ERROR | PARITY_ERROR |

DATA_OVERRUN))==0)

{

rx_buffer1[rx_wr_index1]=data;

if (++rx_wr_index1 == RX_BUFFER_SIZE1)

rx_wr_index1=0;

if (++rx_counter1 == RX_BUFFER_SIZE1)

{

rx_counter1=0;

rx_buffer_overflow1=1;

};

};}

#pragma used+char getchar1(void)

{char data;while (rx_counter1==0);

data=rx_buffer1[rx_rd_index1];

if (++rx_rd_index1 == RX_BUFFER_SIZE1)

rx_rd_index1=0;

#asm("cli")--rx_counter1;

#asm("sei")return data;}

#pragma used-#pragma used+

void putchar1(char c)

{

while ((UCSR1A & DATA_REGISTER_EMPTY)==0);

UDR1=c;

}

#pragma used-

#include

unsigned char i, temp_data[20];bit match=0;int l,i_pos,w,y;

unsigned char no[16],z,q,here,lock=0,used1=0;

void flush_buffer()

{

#asm("cli")

rx_counter1=0;

rx_rd_index1=0;

rx_wr_index1=0;

#asm("sei")}

void ok()

{

lcd_clear();

lcd_putsf("OKAY");

delay_ms(300);

lcd_clear();

}

void error()

{

lcd_clear();lcd_putsf("ERROR");

delay_ms(300);

lcd_clear();

}

void lcd_putint(int val,unsigned int field_length)


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{

char str[5]={0,0,0,0,0};

int i=4,j=0;

while(val)

{

str[i]=val%10;val=val/10;

i--;

}

if(field_length==-1)

while(str[j]==0)

j++;

else

j=5-field_length;

if(val


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void okay()

{

bit_set(PORTA,BIT(7));



bit_clear(PORTA,BIT(4));while(row4==1 && row3==1 && row2==1 && row1==1);

w=0;

if((no[0]==5) && (no[1]==0) && (no[2]==5) && (no[3]==0) &&

used1==0) w=4; //5050

lcd_clear();

lcd_gotoxy(0,0);

lcd_putsf("VERIFYING...");

delay_ms(1000);

lcd_clear();

if(w==4)

{

lcd_gotoxy(0,0);

lcd_putsf("Password Match");

delay_ms(2000);

lock=1;match=1;

}

else

{

lcd_gotoxy(0,0);

lcd_putsf("Access Denied");

delay_ms(2000);

lcd_clear();

lock=0;

match=0;}

}

void move_to_lib()

Coding For Enrolling FingerPrint

//Rx_Flush flush_buffer(); //Enroll commandputchar1(0x02);

putchar1(0x00);

putchar1(0x04);

putchar1(0x10);

putchar1(0x00);

putchar1(0x00);

putchar1(0x00);

putchar1(0x14);

putchar1(0x03);

delay_ms(2000);

for(i=0;i


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{

delay_ms(300);

}

else

{

delay_ms(300);

goto failure;

}

//Rx_Flush

flush_buffer(); //move to lib command

putchar1(0x02);

putchar1(0x00);

putchar1(0x05);

putchar1(0x21);

putchar1(0x00);

putchar1(0x00);

putchar1(0x00);

putchar1(0x0a);

putchar1(0x2e);

putchar1(0x03);

delay_ms(1000);for(i=0;i


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putchar1(0x00);

putchar1(0x00);

putchar1(0x00);

putchar1(0x00);

putchar1(0x00);

putchar1(0x00);

putchar1(0x80);

putchar1(0xba);

putchar1(0x03);

delay_ms(2000);

for(i=0;i


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}

else

{

error();

delay_ms(300);

}

}

Coding For Prompting with SMS via GSM

(on unauthorised attempt)

unsigned char mobile_num[14]="+919944722933";

void GSM_init()

{

printf("AT");

putchar(0x0D);

delay_ms(150);

// Set GSM Modem in TEXT MODE

printf("AT+CMGF=1");

putchar(0x0D);

// enter key

delay_ms(100);

printf("AT+CSMP=17,167,0,0");

putchar(0x0D);

// enter key

delay_ms(150);

//Select SIM Memory for SMS Storage

printf("AT+CPMS=");

putchar('"');

putchar('S');

putchar('M');

putchar('"');

putchar(0x0D);

// enter key

delay_ms(100);

//Delete All SMS in SIM Memory//

printf("AT+CMGD=");//

putchar('1');putchar(',');

putchar('4');//

putchar(0x0D);

// enter key//

delay_ms(12000);

}

void GSM_send_msg()

{

printf("AT+CMGS=");

putchar('"');for(i=0;i


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// enter key

delay_ms(150);

printf("BIKE THEFT ALERT") ;

delay_ms(300);

putchar(26);

// send ctrl + Z

putchar(0x0D);delay_ms(1000);

putchar(0x0D);

printf("AT");

putchar(0x0D);

// enter

delay_ms(150);

}

void main(void)

{

#pragma optsize-CLKPR=0x80;

CLKPR=0x00;

#ifdef _OPTIMIZE_SIZE_

#pragma optsize+

#endifPORTA=0x0F;

DDRA=0xF0;

PORTB=0x00;

DDRB=0x00;

PORTC=0x00;

DDRC=0x00;

PORTD=0x00;

DDRD=0x00;

PORTE=0x00;DDRE=0x07;

TIMSK=0x00;

ETIMSK=0x00;

UCSR0A=0x00;

UCSR0B=0x18;

UCSR0C=0x86;

UBRR0H=0x00;

UBRR0L=0x47;UCSR1A=0x00;

UCSR1B=0x98;

UCSR1C=0x86;

UBRR1H=0x00;

UBRR1L=0x47;

ACSR=0x80;

lcd_init(16);

lcd_putsf("Initializing..") ;

GSM_init();

lcd_clear();

delay_ms(1000);

#asm("sei")

check_on();

switch(l)

{

case 1:

if(row1==0)

{

lcd_putsf("ENROLL MODE");

//Press *

clear_library();

move_to_lib() ;


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}

if(row2==0)

{

lcd_putsf("FINGER PRINT MODE");

//Press 7

goto vote;

}break;

}

l=0;

i_pos=7;

here=0;

z=0;

q=0;lcd_gotoxy(0,0);

lcd_putsf("ENTER PASSWORD");

while (1)

{

check_on();

switch(l)

{

case 1:

if(row1==0)

{

lcd_gotoxy(i_pos++,1);

lcd_putsf("*");

no[q++]=10;

}

else if(row2==0)

{


lcd_putsf("7");

z++;

no[q++]=7;

else if(row3==0)

{lcd_gotoxy(i_pos++,1);

lcd_putsf("4");

z++; no[q++]=4;

}

else if(row4==0)

{

lcd_gotoxy(i_pos++,1);lcd_putsf("1");

z++;

no[q++]=1;

}

break;

case 2:

if(row1==0)

{


lcd_putsf("0");

z++;

no[q++]=0;

}

else if(row2==0)

{

lcd gotoxy(i pos++ 1); lcd gotoxy(i pos++ 1);


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lcd_putsf("8");

z++;

no[q++]=8;

}

else if(row3==0)


lcd_putsf("5");

z++;

no[q++]=5;

}

else if(row4==0)

{


lcd_putsf("2");

z++;

no[q++]=2;

}

break;

case 3:

if(row1==0)

{


lcd_putsf("#");z++;

no[q++]=11;

}

else if(row2==0)

{


lcd_putsf("9");

z++;

no[q++]=9;

}

else if(row3==0)


lcd_putsf("6");

z++;

no[q++]=6;

}

else if(row4==0)

{


lcd_putsf("3");z++;

no[q++]=3;

}

break;

case 4: if(row1==0)

{

lcd_gotoxy(--i_pos,1);

lcd_putsf(" ");

q=q-1;

z=z-1;

}

else if(row2==0)

{

lcd_clear();

okay(); here=0;


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okay();

}

else if(row3==0)

{

lcd_clear();

okay();

}else if(row4==0)

{

lcd_clear();

okay();

}

break;

}

if(z==4)

{

delay_ms(500);

lcd_clear();

lcd_gotoxy(0,0);

lcd_putsf("PRESS ENTER");

y++;

okay();

if(lock==1)

goto engine_start;

z=0;

delay_ms(1000);

lcd_clear();

l=0;

i_pos=7;

here=0;

z=0;

q=0;

lcd_gotoxy(0,0);

lcd_putsf("ENTER PASSWORD");

}

delay_ms(100);};vote:

sample_search();

if(match==1)

goto engine_start;

else if(match==0)

{

lcd_clear();

lcd_putsf("Try again..");

delay_ms(500);

sample_search();

if(match==1)

goto engine_start;

else if(match==0)

{

lcd_clear();

lcd_putsf("Intruder Alert");

/// SEND GSM MSG

GSM_send_msg();

GSM_send_msg();

while(1);

}

}engine_start:

//START ENGINE


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//START ENGINE

delay_ms(400);

lcd_clear();

lcd_putsf("Ignition On");

bit_set(PORTE,BIT(0));

bit_set(PORTE,BIT(1));

bit_set(PORTE,BIT(2));while(1);

}

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