Biomes: Large ecosystems with the same type of climate---animals---and plant species

Adaptations: Characteristics or traits that help an organism survive in their particular biome

Designed to Survive !!!!!I understand physical and behavioral adaptations... 0 1 2 3 4 5

Study guide:1. I can define and give an example of both physical and

behavioral adaptations.2. I can make a Venn Diagram and compare physical and

behavioral adaptations3. I can explain the adaptations of a conifer tree and why it is

able to survive in the far north.4. I can compare camouflage and protective coloration…(T

chart or Venn diagram)5. How does mimicry help animals to survive? PROVE IT!6. What factors determine where animals can live?7. Compare tolerance range to optimal living conditions.

(Venn Diagram)

Flat feet, square bill, and migrating south for the winter… How do these relate to physical and behavioral changes.

Two types of adaptations:1. Physical adaptations---they are the actualphysical traits an animal has...Ex: wolf---Large canines to rip flesh and kill Claws act like cleats to run down prey Big cup shaped ears to gather the slightest sounds. Extremely sensitive nose to locate odors of food---to track it down

2. Behavioral adaptation: the way an animal acts that helps them survive in their particular ecosystem...it is what it DOES to survive.Ex:wolf---they are a pack animal that helps them hunt and protect each other.Look for dens or they burrow under the ground

*** Plants also have physical adaptations that help them survive...Conifers traits---Dark green needles to absorb sunlight.---Needles never fall off so they are instantly ready to do photosynthesis. They have a pyramid shape that sheds snow and ice.

Physical adaptations1. Camouflage---shape, color or pattern that helps an organism blend in with the environment a. Protective coloration---color blends with environment---Snow shoe hare

  b. Protective resemblance---you match the shape,color and texture of environment---walking stick

2. Mimicry---an organism takes on the color and pattern of a more unpleasant animal or plant

Categories of physical adaptations---traits an animal possesses 1. Talons---for grasping and killing2. Large cup shaped ears---gather sound3. Large eyes---great vision4. Sharp down turned beak---rip flesh5. Flat square beak---plant material***physical trait tell you the niche of the animal

Behavioral adaptations:Categories of how animals act1. Migration---animals leave an area of bad resources and go to an area of better resources2. Burrowing---going underground for protection or to beat the heat3. Herding---prey use the protection of many eyes,ears and noses to avoid danger4.Pack hunting---help bring down bigger prey5 Hibernating---sleep through low food times6. Nocturnal---go out at night...hunt or hide better

***Animals can only live in an area where they can use the resources---they need1. Food source2. Shelter3. Water4. Area to reproduce...if you don't meet these four needs the organisms will disappear from that area---Mr.L catfish

***Animals must live within an area that meets their Tolerance Ranges---a set of conditions an animal must live within Ex: the bearded dragon and temperature. They must be in environment that is between 90 and 110 degrees Fahrenheit***the farther an organism is out of tolerance range the quicker it will die...

Optimal Living Conditions...this is the very best conditions an animal can live under in order to survive the longest Ex: Bearded dragons temperature is 100 to 105 degrees

Animals in the wild live within their Tolerance Ranges .... In the zoo they are kept within Optimal Living Condition---that is why they live longer in the zoo

Computer Vocabulary help

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I understand the different biomes throughout the world and how animals and plants are adapted to survive in those biomes.

0 1 2 3 4 5

Study guide:

1. Describe the Tundra biome and the adaptations that allow plants and animals to live there? (Prove it by showing proof of evidence!)

2. Describe the Taiga biome and the adaptations that allow plants and animals to live there? (Prove it by showing proof of evidence!)

3. Describe the Deciduous forest biome and the adaptations that allow plants and animals to live there? (Prove it by showing proof of evidence!)

4. What is a beaver’s niche and how does it display the concept of interdependence?5. Using a Venn Diagram compare the Tundra to the Deciduous forest.6. Which biome best supports human growth and development? Prove It!

A gentle reminder: Mr. Johnson has made a wise decision to put the bee hives in his apple orchard because both the bees and the apple trees will benefit. The bees will pollinate the flowers as the bees gather nectar for the hive. This will cause the apple tree to have many apples due to the fact that the flowers were all pollinated. The bees will also be able to produce large amounts of honey because of the nectar they found in the apple trees. Both organisms benefited. This is called interdependence. Mr. Johnson will make more money as a farmer because he now has many apples and a lot honey to sell a the local market place.

Biomes

TundraClimate---long cold winters(low precipitation) ---VERY short summers---windy conditions---Great area for wind mills (a flow resource) ***windy conditions will dry out animal and plant tissue that is not protected***

Permafrost...Solid frozen layer of soil about one foot down...makes it impossible for plants to develop deep root---no trees

Tundra Plant Life---Short(low to the ground --- to avoid being dehydrated by wind---must have shallow root system) quick reproductive cycle---growing season---maybe 6 weeksTundra animalsFat(blubber)--- body fat to insulate against the cold---compact body shape to conserve heat

Protective coloration---you change with the colors of the Tundra---white in winter---brown (dirt like ) in the summer...no place to hide Ex: Arctic hare and fox

Animal Ex: of TundraArctic fox --- Arctic hare --- Arctic owl ---Caribou --- Migrate to Tundra for tender, new plants in short summer and head back South in the winter(conifer forest of the Taiga)

Taiga---most of Canada 1) 2 seasons.... Summer to Winter "no real spring or fall" 2) Long harsh cold winter---not a lot of snow but what is there does not melt much--it piles up

Plant Life--- Huge Conifer Forest (cone bearing evergreen forest)Physical adaptations of conifer1) Dark green needles absorb limited sunlight2)Needles never fall off so they can always be ready to do photosynthesis3)Pyramid shaped to shed the snow4)Has a waxy coating on the needles so the plant does not dehydrate---"mother nature's chapstick"

Animals of the TaigaLarge herbivores---Primary consumers--(eat only plants)Moose:---Physical adaptations---long legs help the moose travel through the snow. Their digestive system allows them to get nutrition from pine bark and branch tips

Other large herbivores include---elk and deer

Large Carnivores---Cougar --- Wolves---(secondary consumer and top predators)

Wolves----Physical adaptations---sensitive nose...cupped shaped ears...long claws...large sharp canines -----Behavioral adaptations--- hunt in packs...burrow in dens...they howl---vocalize to share location...they use cover scents to hide their odor---that is why they roll in fish,scat, etc.

***the beaver*** (Taiga and deciduous forest)Mother Natures Engineers---behavioral and physical adaptations to be a "flood specialist"

Beaver:

Physical adaptations---1. sharp teeth for cutting---they never stop growing 2. Flat tail for swimming 3. Water resistant fur so they do not water log

Behavioral adaptations --- 1. slap tail to warn of danger 2. They make dams on any water way---flood area 3. they build beaver "huts"

***When beavers flood an area they make new habitat for many animal populations(single species)which turn into animal communities(many species together)

Animals that benefit---ducks, frogs, turtles, fish, snakes, hawks etcInterdependence --- the other animals depend on the beaver in order to live in that area

Deciduous forest---our biome

Climate:...4 seasons ---- summer, winter, fall, spring...6 month growing season--- allows humans to farm ... trees lose and re grow their leaves... oak maple cherry birch etc...PlantsGreat variety of grasses, flowers, trees, bushes

AnimalsPrimary consumers: Caterpillar, rabbit, deer, geese (herbivores)Secondary consumers coyote, hawk, frog, spiders,( carnivores) raccoons , skunk (omnivores)

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DesertClimate---temperature extremes...hot in day, cold at night...extremely low precipitation(arid---no moisture on ground or in the air)

*******Low water or moisture level means that area will have low plant life----low plant life means---low animal populations*****The opposite is also true....a lot of water means...a lot of plants...which results in a lot of animalsPlant life of desert ... Cacti Physical adaptations... roots either go very deep or they spread out really shallow and far from the plant (in order to get water) They also have waxy covering

Animals of the desert:Physical adaptation---Leathery skin that holds water inside the animal (reptiles) ---- have the ability to store water in their tissues (Camel---stores extra water as a fat hump which it can breakdown and use later when water is scarce)

Behavioral adaptationsBurrow---cool in the day and warm at nightNocturnal--- come out when it is coolerBasking---cold blooded animals use rocks warmed by the sun to survive

Grassland---plains

1. Very little trees because.... a. two seasons...growing season where precipitation happens and then there is the dry season(lack of precipitation) very dry grass is set on fire by lightning storms...flash fires---devastating to the trees but not the grass--- the dead grass get turned to ash(high in nitrogen) which fertilizes the new grass that pops up during the growing seasonTopsoil of grassland is extreme fertile soil---rich in organic material

Organic Material was once alive but now is dead and decaying---it takes around 100 years to make half inch of fertile soil ***how do you save topsoil from erosion?1. plant cover crops...quick growing grasses or plants that hold the soil in place with their roots during the non growing seasons2. Contour farming...plant your crops perpendicular to the way water flows

The Beast of Plains---Buffalo

Physical adaptations1. Extremely thick fur to withstand blowing winds2 huge neck muscles to sweep snow away during the winter so they can get to the grass.3. horns --- for protectionBehavioral adaptations (poor eye sight)Herding instinct --- give advanced warning of predatorsMigrate---move to areas of richer resources

Tropic---most diverse plant and animal habitat on the planet---found as part of the canopy (only 2 percent of light reaches the ground)Vast amount of water=vast producers(plants)=vast (consumers)(herbivore,carnivores,omnivores,decomposers)Climate High precipitation very humid

Animals Monkeys -- InsectsParrots Tiger

Odds and ends---interesting facts1. Deciduous forest is a temperate climate not to hot or cold2. Temperature zone on the Earth Arctic---extremely cold (Tundra and Taiga) Temperate---mild (Deciduous/Grasslands) Tropical---very humid/hot (Tropic) Desert--- very hot but low humidity (desert)