Biomes, Landscapes, Restoration, Management. Terrestrial Biomes nBnBiomes definition - geographic...
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Transcript of Biomes, Landscapes, Restoration, Management. Terrestrial Biomes nBnBiomes definition - geographic...
Biomes, Landscapes, Biomes, Landscapes, Restoration, ManagementRestoration, Management
Terrestrial Biomes
Biomesdefinition - geographic locations on earth that
demonstrate similar climate, topography, soil conditions, and communities
TYPES OF TERRESTRIAL BIOMES
•Deserts•Grasslands (Prairies & Savannas) •Tundra•Conifer Forests•Deciduous & Evergreen Forests•Tropical Moist Forests•Tropical Seasonal Forests
Climograph of some major Ecosystems
Deserts1. precipitation - very little (2-10 cm/yr)
2. temperature - varies greatly (-10 to 40 C)
3. life forms - uniquely suited to harsh environment (conserve water!)
Grasslands: Prairies and Savannas1. precipitation - moderate (20-120 cm/yr)
2. temperature - varies moderately (-7 to 22 C)
3. life forms - abundant grasses and flowering plants (few trees) very suited to agriculture wolves, deer, elk, bison, antelope (native)
*RICH AGRICULTURAL SOIL
Tundra1. features - high mountains and northern &
southern latitudes (frozen but not all ice)
2. precipitation - moderate (10-100 cm/yr)
3. temperature - hardly varies (-20 to -4 C)
4. arctic tundra - lower altitude, rough soil
5. alpine tundra - higher altitude, less oxygen
Conifer Forests1. features -”cone bearing” trees; thin needles as
leaves to preserve water2. precipitation - moderate (10-180 cm/yr)
3. temperature - varies moderately (-12 to 20 C) boreal forest - mixed coniferous and deciduous trees
(hemlock, spruce, cedar, firs) taiga - on border of tundra, starts to become sparse
with trees temperate rain forest - Olympia Park in Washington
Broad-Leaved Deciduous & Evergreen Forests
1. features - “deciduous” trees (drop leaves)2. precipitation - moderate (50 -200 cm/yr)
3. temperature - varies moderately (-12 to 20 C) typical trees - oak, maple, birch, beech, elm, ash
*RICH AGRICULTURE SOIL
Tropical Moist Forests1. features - constant temperature and rain2. precipitation - heavy (>200 cm/yr)
3. temperature - constant (22 - 30 C) cloud forests - high on mountains in tropics tropical rain forests - lower in altitude; richest diversity of life
forms on earth
*MOST PRODUCTIVE AND DIVERSE
*POOR AGRICULTURE SOIL
Tropical Seasonal Forests1. features - rainy (monsoon) and dry seasons2. precipitation - heavy (150- 220 cm/yr)
3. temperature - constant (22 - 30 C) vegetation - evergreen and deciduous, giving way
the woodlands and savannas
70% OF THE EARTH’S SURFACE WATER IS ESSENTIAL TO LIFE
It dissolves nutrients It distributes and removes substances in
& out of cells It regulates body temperature It supports structures
Aquatic Ecosystems
Freshwater and Saline Ecosystems1. freshwater ecosystems - rivers, ponds, lakes
vertical stratification (light, temp, oxygen) benthos - community on bottom thermocline - temp gradient going deeper “salty” lakes - land-locked slat water areas
Estuary & Wetlands: Fresh to Sea1. estuary - site where river meets ocean
rich in nutrients great gradient of salt content delta - broad “fan-like” deposit of soil wetland - land surface saturated most of year
– swamps - wetlands with trees– marshes - wetlands without trees
Shoreline and Barrier Islands1. shoreline - where ocean meets land
varied and rich forms of life subject to severe erosion during stormy seasons
2. barrier islands- form off the coastline protect shoreline (Atlantic and Gulf coasts)
3. coral reefs - skeletons of “corals” over time actual “living islands” for communities to live
LAKES
STREAMSRIVERS
ESTUARIES
Human Disturbances
Human Disturbances– overuse of terrestrial biomes
agriculture, slash and burn overcutting of forests for wood products erosion increase domination by cities and building NAME YOUR OWN EXAMPLES !!!!!!!!!!!!
Landscape Ecology
Landscape Ecology1. defintion- spatial relationships of ecological
phenomenon
Restoration Ecology
Restoration Ecology - repair and reconstruction of damaged ecosystems1. restoration - bring back to former condition2. rehabilitation - not fully restoring3. remediation - simply “cleaning up” pollutants3. reclamation - turning from one use to another
Ecosystem Management
Roles Played by Different Groups– government (local, state, federal)– activist groups (Green Peace, Sierra Club …)– citizens– corporations