Biomes – Let’s Review! · Standard (SEV1d): Evaluate claims, evidence, and reasoning of the...
Transcript of Biomes – Let’s Review! · Standard (SEV1d): Evaluate claims, evidence, and reasoning of the...
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BIOMES
EnvSci – Unit 2
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Standard (SEV1d): Evaluate claims, evidence, and reasoning of the
relationship between the physical factors (e.g., insolation,
proximity to coastline, topography) and organismal adaptations
within terrestrial biomes.
Learning Target: Based on information regarding climate and
vegetation, I can sort ecosystems into their terrestrial biomes.
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BASIC TERMS
• Biome: a group of ecosystems that share similar climates and similar vegetation
• Example: Tropical Rain Forest, Tundra, Desert
• Tropical: Occurs near the equator, no major change in temperatures
• Tropical Rain Forest, Coral Reefs
• Polar: Occur near the North and South Poles; cold weather dominates
• Tundra
• Temperate: moderate temperature; seasonal
• Temperate Rain Forest, Deciduous Forest
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DECIDUOUS FOREST
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What season is this?
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Not too hot or cold
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OUR BIOME
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Four approximately equal seasons
Trees lose leaves in fall
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Lots of trees with leaves (as opposed to needles)
Some larger mammals, like foxes and bears
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Oak and maple trees, which squirrels love
Animals don’t have to have very thick fur
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Adaptation
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DECIDUOUS FOREST
• General Description: Wet biome (all forests are wet biomes) with four
approximately equal seasons. Trees lose leaves in winter.
• Climate: Seasonal and wet
• Vegetation: Dominated by trees that lose leaves in the winter, such as oak and maple
trees. Trees ‘sleep’ (go dormant) in the winter as an adaptation to the cold.
• Where it’s found: Southern temperate latitudes where there’s enough water
and where there’s seasonal change
• Examples: HERE! And all the way up the East Coast of the United States.
• Animal adaptations
• Mammals that gain/lose fat and fur depending on the season., such as squirrels.
• Birds that migrate, such as robins.
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OTHER THINGS TO KNOW
• OUR BIOME
• Receive about 30-60 inches of rain a year.
• Average temperature is 50 degrees F
• Winter often gets below freezing
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TAIGA
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Longer winters
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Mostly evergreen trees
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Also called a coniferous forest
Gets lots of precipitation in the form of snow
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Adaptation
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TAIGA
• General Description: Wet biome (all forests are wet biomes) with very long
winters that’s dominated by coniferous trees.
• Climate: Cold and wet (lots of snow)
• Vegetation: Dominated by coniferous trees (evergreen trees with cones). Evergreen trees’
needles have a waxy coating that protects them from the cold (an adaptation). But the
needles are acidic, so there’s not much undergrowth (they turn the ground acidic).
• Where it’s found: Northern temperate latitudes (just below the poles)
• Examples: Canada, southern Alaska, sub-arctic Russia and Scandinavia.
• Animal adaptations
• White fur/feathers to blend in with the snow (ex: snowy owl and arctic fox)
• Mammals with thick fur, short legs, and fur growing in unusual places, such as the inside of
the ear and the bottoms of paws (ex: Canadian lynx and hare)
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OTHER THINGS TO KNOW
• Largest terrestrial biome
• Located right below the tundra
• Also known as a coniferous forest or a boreal
forest
• Short summers and long winters
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TUNDRA
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Cold almost all year
“Summers” are in the 30s and 40s
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Too cold and dry for trees
Mosses and lichens!
Has permafrost
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Very little
precipitation.
Frozen desert!
Found in northern polar regions and also in
high altitudes (up mountains)
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Adaptation
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TUNDRA
• General Description: Frozen desert! Cold and dry year-round. It looks snowy,
but that’s because the little snow they get never melts.
• Climate: Cold and dry (very little snowfall, but the snow doesn’t usually melt)
• Vegetation: Lichens and mosses! And some herbs. The permafrost (permanently frozen
soil) prevents most plants from growing.
• Where it’s found: Northern polar regions
• Examples: Northern Alaska, Northern Canada, Norther Russia
• Animal adaptations
• White fur to blend in with the snow (ex: polar bear)
• Carnivorous because not many plants grow there (ex: polar bear)
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OTHER THINGS TO KNOW
• Average temperature is -19 degrees F
• Winter lasts around 8 months
• Fragile biome as permafrost melts
• One of the harshest biomes, if not the harshest
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GRASSLAND
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Too dry to have a lot of trees
but gets enough rainfall to support smaller plants
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Long dry spells make it more likely to have fires
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Supports large herbivores (e.g. elephants)
…and the carnivores that hunt them!
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Adaptation
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GRASSLAND
• General Description: Temperate or tropical plains that have very fertile soil
and are dominated by grasses and the large herbivores that eat them.
• Climate: Temperate or tropical; low to moderate precipitation (not enough to support a
lot of trees but enough to support grasses). Tropical: Savanna (like the Lion King)
• Vegetation: Mostly grasses
• Where it’s found: Temperate or tropical latitudes; continents’ interiors (away
from the coast)
• Examples: US’s Great Plains (Kansas, etc.), African savanna
• Animal adaptations
• Temperate: Camouflage and burrowing because there aren’t a lot of places to hide
(burrowing also protects from winter)
• Savanna: Camouflage and/or speed (co-evolution)
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OTHER THINGS TO KNOW
• Typically situated between a forest and a desert
• 25% of the world is covered in grasslands- on
every continent except Antarctica
• Wild fires due to lightning strikes
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DESERT
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Very dry biome often found near the equator
Some have very cold nights
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Supports reptiles and other heat- and drought-adapted
plants and animals
Plants often have waxy coatings to keep in water. Because they’re
basically big water jugs, they need thorns/spikes to keep animals away.
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Adaptation
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DESERT
• General Description: Dry, hot biomes usually found in/near tropical latitudes.
• Climate: Hot and dry; may have cold nights (especially if it’s a desert at a high altitude)
• Vegetation: Cacti and some shrubs with waxy coatings (ex: creosote bush)
• Where it’s found: In or near tropical latitudes (near equator)
• Examples: US’s Mojave Desert (Southwest)
• Animal adaptations: Thick scaly skin, lack of feathers and fur to keep from
getting to warm, active at night when it is cooler.
• Temperate: Camouflage and burrowing because there aren’t a lot of places to hide
(burrowing also protects from winter)
• Savanna: Camouflage and/or speed (co-evolution)
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OTHER THINGS TO KNOW
• Cover around 20% of Earth in sand
• Largest hot desert is the Sahara Desert
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RAINFOREST
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Has the most water of any land biome
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Lots of undergrowth, like ferns
Has layers, and the lower layers are very shaded
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Greatest biodiversity of any land biome
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Adaptation
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Adaptation
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RAINFOREST
• General Description: Wet biome with very little year-round change in
temperature.
• Climate: Wet. Tropical: Warm year-round. Temperate: Cool year-round.
• Vegetation: Layers – Top: Emergent (extremely tall trees). 2nd: Upper canopy (forms a roof).
3rd: Lower canopy (layer of shorter trees). Bottom: Understory (only 5% of the light makes it
here; shade-tolerant plants, such as ferns).
• Where it’s found: Tropical or temperate latitudes
• Tropical examples: Amazon (in South America), Congo river basin (in Africa)
• Temperate examples: Pacific Northwest in the US (coastal Washington, Oregon, and Alaska)
• Animal adaptations
• Camouflage to stay hidden from the large number of predators (high biodiversity)
• Long arms and prehensile tails help monkeys climb
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OTHER THINGS TO KNOW
• Tropical Rain Forest- Covers 2% of the Earth
while 50% of the plants and animals live there
• Considered to be the lungs of the Earth