Biomes
-
Upload
jules-powis -
Category
Education
-
view
889 -
download
0
description
Transcript of Biomes
![Page 1: Biomes](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062513/55575b7bd8b42a94728b467e/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Biomes
![Page 2: Biomes](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062513/55575b7bd8b42a94728b467e/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Biodiversity - the variety of species living in balance within an ecosystem, biome or planet.
![Page 3: Biomes](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062513/55575b7bd8b42a94728b467e/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
The Amazon rainforest is a biodiversity hotspot due to the number and variety of species
![Page 4: Biomes](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062513/55575b7bd8b42a94728b467e/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Biome - a major ecosystem characterised by commonalities of animals, plants and climate and soil.
![Page 5: Biomes](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062513/55575b7bd8b42a94728b467e/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
For example, most hot and dry deserts have little rainfall with few plants and mammals.
![Page 6: Biomes](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062513/55575b7bd8b42a94728b467e/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
BiomesBiodiversity
![Page 7: Biomes](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062513/55575b7bd8b42a94728b467e/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
High biodiversity usually means a more stable system, with fewer cyclical explosions in prey or predator.
![Page 8: Biomes](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062513/55575b7bd8b42a94728b467e/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Biodiversity is a measure of the health of ecosystems, but not the total indicator. Polar ice sheets support less biodiversity but this healthy.
![Page 9: Biomes](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062513/55575b7bd8b42a94728b467e/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Biodiversity is read on three levels.
![Page 10: Biomes](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062513/55575b7bd8b42a94728b467e/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
• Species Diversity - The amount of different species in the community and variation within populations of a given species.
![Page 11: Biomes](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062513/55575b7bd8b42a94728b467e/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
• Species Diversity - The amount of different species in the community and variation within populations of a given species.
• Ecosystem Diversity - The variety of habitats, communities and ecological processes within and between ecosystems.
![Page 12: Biomes](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062513/55575b7bd8b42a94728b467e/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
• Species Diversity - The amount of different species in the community and variation within populations of a given species.
• Ecosystem Diversity - The variety of habitats, communities and ecological processes within and between ecosystems.
• Genetic Diversity - The variety of genes held within all members of a population.
![Page 13: Biomes](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062513/55575b7bd8b42a94728b467e/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Biodiversity can affect the stability of ecosystems and the sustainability of populations, including humans...
![Page 14: Biomes](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062513/55575b7bd8b42a94728b467e/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
... as each species are interdependent in both straightforward and subtle ways.
![Page 15: Biomes](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062513/55575b7bd8b42a94728b467e/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
BiomesBiomes in more detail
![Page 16: Biomes](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062513/55575b7bd8b42a94728b467e/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
There are 8 officially classified terrestrial biomes (plus marine and freshwater):
1. Temperate forest2. Tropical forest3. Conifer (taiga/boreal)4. Tropical savannah5. Temperate grassland6. Chaparral7. Tundra8. Desert
![Page 17: Biomes](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062513/55575b7bd8b42a94728b467e/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Temperate forests occur in eastern North America, north-eastern Asia, plus western and central Europe.
![Page 18: Biomes](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062513/55575b7bd8b42a94728b467e/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Climatic influences include well-defined seasons.
![Page 19: Biomes](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062513/55575b7bd8b42a94728b467e/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Flora is typified by deciduous trees is such species as oak and beech, plus temperate woodland flowers and fungi.
![Page 20: Biomes](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062513/55575b7bd8b42a94728b467e/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Fauna is represented by squirrels, rabbits, birds, deer, fox, and black bear.
![Page 21: Biomes](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062513/55575b7bd8b42a94728b467e/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Tropical forests occur closer to the equator than temperate forest.
![Page 22: Biomes](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062513/55575b7bd8b42a94728b467e/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Climatic influences include little seasonality or temperature variation, although they may have a rainy season.
![Page 23: Biomes](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062513/55575b7bd8b42a94728b467e/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Flora is highly diverse, with a vast variety of tree species and plants such as orchids, vines, ferns and mosses.
![Page 24: Biomes](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062513/55575b7bd8b42a94728b467e/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Fauna include numerous birds, bats, primates, small mammals, and insects.
![Page 25: Biomes](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062513/55575b7bd8b42a94728b467e/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Coniferous forests (taiga/boreal), are found in northern latitudes; Siberia, Scandinavia, Alaska, and Canada and Eurasia.
![Page 26: Biomes](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062513/55575b7bd8b42a94728b467e/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
The main climatic influences are long winters and a short summer growing season.
![Page 27: Biomes](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062513/55575b7bd8b42a94728b467e/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Flora consists mostly of cold-tolerant evergreen conifers with needle-like leaves, such as pine, fir, and spruce.
![Page 28: Biomes](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062513/55575b7bd8b42a94728b467e/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Fauna include woodpeckers, hawks, moose, bear, weasel, lynx, fox, wolf, deer and hares
![Page 29: Biomes](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062513/55575b7bd8b42a94728b467e/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Tropical savannahs are found in a wide band on either side of the equator on the edges of tropical rainforests.
![Page 30: Biomes](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062513/55575b7bd8b42a94728b467e/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
The main climatic influence is rainfall concentrated in half the year, followed by a long period of drought when fires can occur.
![Page 31: Biomes](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062513/55575b7bd8b42a94728b467e/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Flora consists mostly of grasslands with scattered shrubs or trees.
![Page 32: Biomes](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062513/55575b7bd8b42a94728b467e/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Fauna is highly diverse, including giraffes, zebras, snakes, worms, lions, leopards, hyenas, and elephants.
![Page 33: Biomes](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062513/55575b7bd8b42a94728b467e/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Chaparral is found on most continents, from the west coast of the US to the western tip of Australia and the coastal areas of the Mediterranean.
![Page 34: Biomes](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062513/55575b7bd8b42a94728b467e/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
The main climatic influence is heat and lack of moisture. Winters are mild with summer so hot and dry that fires and droughts are common.
![Page 35: Biomes](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062513/55575b7bd8b42a94728b467e/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Flora is typified by small, hard leaves which hold moisture. Some of these plants are poison oak, scrub oak and cacti.
![Page 36: Biomes](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062513/55575b7bd8b42a94728b467e/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Fauna includes coyotes, jack rabbits, mule deer, alligator lizards, horned toads and praying mantis.
![Page 37: Biomes](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062513/55575b7bd8b42a94728b467e/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Arctic tundra is located in the far northern hemisphere, encircling the North Pole and extending south to the coniferous forests.
![Page 38: Biomes](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062513/55575b7bd8b42a94728b467e/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
The main climatic influence is cold (-34°C) and lack of moisture with a summer growing season (3-12°C) of just 50 to 60 days.
![Page 39: Biomes](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062513/55575b7bd8b42a94728b467e/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Flora includes shrubs, sedges, reindeer mosses, liverworts, and grasses, small flowers and lichen.
![Page 40: Biomes](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062513/55575b7bd8b42a94728b467e/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Fauna includes caribou, arctic hares and squirrels, foxes and wolves.
![Page 41: Biomes](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062513/55575b7bd8b42a94728b467e/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Desert biomes occur wherever the rainfall is less than 50 cm/year. Hot-dry deserts occur in North Africa, south-western U.S., Mexico, and Australia.
![Page 42: Biomes](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062513/55575b7bd8b42a94728b467e/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Hot-dry desert biome is typified by heat with little seasonal variation, evaporation rates usually exceed rainfall rates.
![Page 43: Biomes](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062513/55575b7bd8b42a94728b467e/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Hot-dry desert vegetation is rare outside of oases. Plants are almost all ground-hugging shrubs such as Prickly Pears and Brittle Bush.
![Page 44: Biomes](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062513/55575b7bd8b42a94728b467e/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Hot-dry desert fauna includes nocturnal insects, arachnids, reptiles and birds.
![Page 45: Biomes](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062513/55575b7bd8b42a94728b467e/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Hot-dry desert fauna includes nocturnal insects, arachnids, reptiles and birds.
![Page 46: Biomes](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062513/55575b7bd8b42a94728b467e/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
BiomesTaiga
![Page 47: Biomes](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062513/55575b7bd8b42a94728b467e/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Taiga is the largest terrestrial biome at 28% of the planet, located just below the tundra biome.
![Page 48: Biomes](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062513/55575b7bd8b42a94728b467e/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
The main seasons are cold winters and snow, with humidity and high precipitation in summer.
![Page 49: Biomes](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062513/55575b7bd8b42a94728b467e/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
There are few species of fauna in the taiga because of the harsh conditions, poor soil and permafrost.
![Page 50: Biomes](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062513/55575b7bd8b42a94728b467e/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Frost-resistant coniferous trees like pine, spruce and Douglas fir predominate as well as lichens and mosses.
![Page 51: Biomes](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062513/55575b7bd8b42a94728b467e/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Seed eaters like finches and sparrows, and omnivorous birds like crows stay all year round.
![Page 52: Biomes](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062513/55575b7bd8b42a94728b467e/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
The taiga has an abundance of insects in summer, when many insect-eating birds like geese come to feed and breed.
![Page 53: Biomes](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062513/55575b7bd8b42a94728b467e/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Fauna of the taiga include snowshoe rabbits, red squirrels and voles. They are predated upon by wolverines, arctic fox, lynx and bobcat.
![Page 54: Biomes](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062513/55575b7bd8b42a94728b467e/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
The current rate logging in boreal forests may cause their disappearance.
![Page 55: Biomes](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062513/55575b7bd8b42a94728b467e/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
The permafrost contains a huge quantity of methane, a powerful greenhouse gas which may be released if the permafrost melts
![Page 56: Biomes](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062513/55575b7bd8b42a94728b467e/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
BiomesEND