Biomedical waste inventory

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    FINAL REPORTFINAL REPORT

    onon

    Waste Inventory (MSW & BMW)Waste Inventory (MSW & BMW)

    inin

    West BengalWest Bengal

    Under the Project onUnder the Project onTTHEHE SSTRENGTHENINGTRENGTHENINGOFOF IINFRASTRUCTURENFRASTRUCTURE

    OFOF CPCB/SPCBCPCB/SPCB SS /PCC/PCCSS

    West Bengal Pollution Control BoardParibesh Bhawan, 10 A, Block LA, Sector III, Salt Lake City, Kolkata 700098

    Tel : 091 (033) 2335-9088 / 8861 / 8211 / 8073 Fax : 091 (033) 2335 6730 / 2813Website : www.wbpcb.gov.in

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    P R E A M B L E

    he project on Strengthening of Infrastructure of CPCB/SPCB/PCCs for implementation

    of Rules notified by HSM Division under Environment Protection Act was undertaken

    by the West Bengal Pollution Control Board on and from 15.02.2003. The project has been

    implemented with financial assistance from Ministry of Environment & Forests, Govt. of

    India. Although the said project was awarded for the inventorization of Municipal Solid

    Wastes, Bio-Medical Wastes, Industrial Haz. Wastes, Plastic Wastes, and Battery Wastes,

    but as per the priority suggested by the CPCB vide their letter dated 10.02.2003, the Board

    inventorized the Municipal Solid Waste(MSW) as well as Bio-Medical Waste(BMW) in theone hundred twenty six(126) nos. Municipal Authorities in our State.

    The objective of the project was to conduct a detailed survey in different Municipal Bodies of

    the state for the inventorization of Municipal Solid Waste as well as Bio-Medical Waste and

    to plan a strategy for scientific management of Municipal Solid Waste and Bio-Medical

    Waste in the state of West Bengal. With this outlook, the field visits were made to one

    hundred twenty six(126) nos. Municipal Authorities in the different districts of West

    Bengal. The health care units situated within the municipal jurisdiction of the state were

    visited by the project team and the subsequent analysis of data collected therein

    culminated in the successful completion of the above project.

    The project portrays in detail a comprehensive image of the status of waste management in

    the state, with an in depth account of the mode of generation, collection, storage,

    transportation and disposal of MSW and BMW in different municipalities and health care

    units. This report may serve as baseline information for drawing references and making

    fitting suggestions in related works.

    [ Dr. D. Chakraborty ]Chief Scientist

    WBPCB

    T

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    A C K N O W L E D G E M E N T

    The Board acknowledges the contribution of the Municipal Affairs

    Department, Govt. of West Bengal, Department of Health, Govt. of West

    Bengal, Kolkata Metropolitan Development Authority(KMDA), Municipal

    Engineering Directorate(MED), Chief Medical Officers of Health of all

    districts of West Bengal in implementing the project.

    The Board also acknowledge the assistance and co-operation provided by

    one hundred twenty six(126) nos. Municipal Authorities, staff of Govt.

    Hospitals, Private Nursing Homes, and Pathological Units in all districts ofWest Bengal for collecting information for the report.

    Acknowledgment is also due to the Senior Environment Officers of the

    Department of Environment, Govt. of West Bengal, officers of the WBPCB,

    namely Chief Engineer, Senior Law Officer, Senior Environmental

    Engineers, Senior Scientists, Environment Engineers, Scientists for the

    smooth execution of the project and making it a success.

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    C O N T E N T S

    Executive Summery

    CHAPTER- I..............................................................................................1

    Introduction 21.1 Objective of the Project 3

    1.2 Scope of Work 3

    1.3 Methodology 4

    1.4 Problems/Limitations 4

    CHAPTER- II............................................................................................5

    Solid Waste

    2.1 Municipal Solid Waste 6

    2.2 Bio-Medical Waste 9

    CHAPTER- III.........................................................................................14

    District wise status of MSW and BMW

    3.1 Bankura 20

    3.2 Bardhaman 23

    3.3 Birbhum 273.4 Coochbehar 30

    3.5 Darjeeling 33

    3.6 Dinajpur (North) 36

    3.7 Dinajpur (South) 39

    3.8 Hooghly 41

    3.9 Howrah 45

    3.10 Jalpaiguri 48

    3.11 Kolkata 50

    3.12 Malda 52

    3.13 Midnapore (East) 54

    3.14 Midnapore (West) 57

    3.15 Murshidabad 60

    3.16 Nadia 63

    3.17 Purulia 67

    3.18 24 Parganas (North) 69

    3.19 24 Parganas (South) 76

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    CHAPTER- IV............................................................................................79

    Present Solid Waste Management Practices in West Bengal

    4.1 Municipal Solid Waste Management 80

    4.2 Bio-Medical Waste Management 90

    CHAPTER- V.............................................................................................97

    Conclusion and Recommendations

    5.1 Municipal Solid Waste Management 98

    5.2 Bio-Medical Waste Management 99

    Abbreviation used................................................................................. 102

    References ............................................................................................ 103

    ANNEXURE I

    Sample Questionnaire format for Inventorisation

    LIST OF FIGURES

    Seasonal variation in MSW generation 6

    District wise total nos. of municipal body 17

    District wise MSW generation/day(MT) 18

    District wise Municipal Population Density (person/sq.km.) 18

    District wise per capita waste generation/day (in municipal areas) 19

    LIST OF TABLES

    Seasonal variation in MSW generation 6

    MSW composition (% by weight) 7

    MSW composition in some Indian cities

    (Indias Development Report, 1997) 7

    Health care waste generation rate (WBHSDP Report, 2002-03) 11

    District wise total no. of Municipal Bodies 16

    District wise total municipal bodies and waste generation 17

    District wise list of BMW treatment facility installed under WBHSDP 95

    In every district information are given in these four type of tables

    Table I : Brief general information about Municipal bodies

    Table II : MSW generation, collection status

    Table III : MSW transportation and disposal status

    Table IV : Health care units and bed capacity

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    Executive summary

    The State of West Bengal comprises of nineteen Districts, having all together 126 nos. municipal

    bodies (6 nos. Municipal Corporations, 118 nos. Municipalities and 2 nos. Notified Area

    Authorities). Out of these 126 nos. Municipal bodies, 41 nos. (3 nos. Municipal Corporations and38 nos. Municipalities) are situated within the Kolkata Metropolitan Area (KMA), the urbanagglomeration of the city of Kolkata.

    Total about 8,700 MT of MSW is generated per day in 126 nos. municipal areas of West Bengal.

    Kolkata Municipal Corporation area contributes the maximum amount of 2,700 MT daily.

    Most of the municipalities in the state, do not have adequate arrangement for the collection,

    transportation, and disposal of the municipal solid waste. In addition to these, the non-availability

    of the land is the major constrain for the municipalities, particularly which are situated within

    KMA, to develop the solid waste management system.

    Bhadreswar Municipality in Hooghly District has developed compost plant which consist of

    windrows as well as vermi compost. Following waste to energy concept, they have also

    installed a Gobar(cow dung) Gas Plant and the gas generated from the plant is utilized as fuel for

    the furnace of a crematorium in their municipal area and the residue generated from this Bio-Gas

    Plant are used as organic manure.

    Around 200 nos. Govt. Hospitals, 50 nos. Municipal health care units, 1,100 nos. Private

    Hospital/Nursing Homes have been identified within the 126 nos. municipal areas. The total bed

    strength of these health care units is 61,630 and the approximate BMW generation is about 15.5

    MT /day (calculated on the basis of 250 gms. of BMW/day/bed).

    Except the health care units situated in Kolkata, Howrah, 24 Parganas North & South and Nadia

    districts, most of the health care units dump their bio-medical wastes in municipal vats/binswithout any treatment. Under the West Bengal Health System Development Project a good nos. of

    State Govt. Hospitals have developed the BMW treatment and disposal facility. With the active

    cooperation of the local bodies, a few of the facilities functioning as a common facility for thenearby health care units against charges.

    Two Common Bio-Medical Waste Treatment and Disposal Facility (CBMWTDF) has been

    developed (one in Howrah District and another in Nadia District) on Public Private Partnership

    (PPP) concept. Both the facility has the capacity to treat the BMW generated from 30,000 beds. Itprovides services for collection, transportation, treatment and disposal of BMW with user charges

    for the health care establishments situated within the Districts of Kolkata, Howrah, Hooghly,

    North 24-Parganas, South 24-Parganas, Nadia.Two more CBMWTDF are under construction by the private agency one at Asansol, Dist.Burdwan and another one at Haldia, Dist. East Midnapore. These two facilities will also provide

    services for collection, transportation, treatment and disposal of BMW.

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    CHAPTER ICHAPTER I

    INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION

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    Introduction

    With rapid urbanization and ever increasing population growth there has been a substantial

    increase in the generation of solid waste & contamination of air, water and land resources. The

    solid wastes from different municipalities, not managed properly, have been creating problems

    for human health and environment. Some of the solid wastes have been proved to be extremely

    toxic and infectious. The uncontrolled dumping of such wastes have not only brought about

    increasing number of incidents of health hazard but also causing the surface and ground water

    contamination and thus posing serious environmental threat to the human being.

    Realizing the seriousness of the problem of solid waste management and therefore to regulate

    the management and handling of the municipal solid waste, the draft of the Municipal Solid

    Wastes (Management and Handling) Rules, 1999 were published by the Ministry of Environment

    and Forest, Government of India vide No. S.O.783(E), dated the 27th September, 1999 in the

    Gazette of India, Part II, Section 3 & sub section (ii) and finally, in exercise of the powers

    conferred by Section 3, 6 and 25 of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 (29of 1986) it has

    been notified as Municipal Solid Wastes (Management and Handling) Rules, 2000 vide no.

    S.O.908(B) dated the 25th September, 2000.

    The objective of the rule is to make every municipal authority, within the territorial area of themunicipality, responsible for the implementation of the provisions of these rules, and for any

    infrastructure development for collection, storage, segregation, transportation, processing and

    disposal of Municipal Solid Wastes.

    The majority of the municipal authorities, not only in our State but also in the country, have not

    taken the MSW management as their priority agenda. Like other states, the implementation

    status of the Municipal Solid Waste (Management and Handling) Rules, particularly for the

    scientific disposal of municipal solid wastes, in our State is also very poor.

    Along with the MSW, the BMW generated from the various health care establishments also

    poses a serious threat to the environment. Poor Management of these wastes is a major

    challenge for the society. The costly equipments for the waste treatment as well as the space

    constrain and also the lack of awareness are the major issues for the poor hospital waste

    management, in the health care units, particularly the small nursing homes. At present most of

    the health care units are disposing their BMWs along with their general wastes in municipal vats.

    Sometimes these wastes are also buried or burned in on\pen air. There is no waste segregation

    or treatment. To ensure proper BMW management the Bio-medical Waste (Management &

    Handling) Rules were notified in 1998, but till date the implementation status of the Rules is very

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    poor. Moreover, due to shortage of manpower, the State Board had no detailed information

    about the management of these wastes, particularly municipal solid wastes and bio-medical

    wastes in the State.

    Keeping this in view, the Ministry of Environment & Forest, Govt. of India, has come forward in

    the year 2003 with financial assistance for projects to strengthen the infrastructure of Central

    Pollution Control Board (CPCB) and the State Pollution Control Boards/ Pollution Control

    Committees in order to ensure effective implementation of the provisions laid down in the rules

    related to Municipal Solid Waste and Bio-Medical Waste. Like other state boards, the West

    Bengal Pollution Control Board has been awarded the same project. The objective of the project

    is to conduct detailed survey in different municipal bodies of the state for the inventorisation of

    municipal solid waste as well as bio-medical waste and prepare a strategy for better

    management of the Municipal Solid Waste and Bio-medical Waste in the State of West Bengal.

    1.1 Objective of the Project

    1) Qualitative as well as quantitative assessment of solid wastes generated in different

    municipal areas of the West Bengal.

    2) Inventorisation of the existing system of storage, collection, transportation and

    disposal of MSW including Biomedical waste and identification of deficiencies in the

    respective management system.

    3) To create awareness among people associated with different local bodies and health

    care units about the necessities and requirements for scientific segregation, storage,

    treatment and disposal of MSW and BMW.

    1.2 Scope of the Project

    To quantify the solid wastes generated in the municipalities of West Bengal.

    To study the existing system of collection, storage, transportation and disposal of

    MSW including bio-medical waste and to identify the deficiencies in the system.

    To recommend an appropriate system for segregation, collection, storage,

    transportation, treatment and disposal of MSW and BMW.

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    1.3 Methodology

    The methodology followed for preparing the inventory is given below :

    1. Listing of municipal bodies and their contact phone no. for all districts in West Bengal.

    2. Collection of information through circulation of questionnaire (format of the

    questionnaire presented in Annexure-I)

    3. Field visits and interactions with concerned municipal authorities.

    4. Study of existing storage, collection, transportation, processing and disposal facilities

    of municipal solid waste, as well as future plan for betterment of the management

    system.

    5. Crosschecking with the information given by the individual municipalities in the MSW

    Authorization application and Annual Reports.

    6. Laboratory analysis of solid waste collected from different dumpsite.

    7. Collection of information about the inventory of health care units from the CMOH

    Offices of the Districts and Municipalities and visit of the individual health care units

    within municipal areas about their bio-medical waste management.

    8. Crosschecking the inventory regarding health care units with the records given by the

    Regional Offices of the State Board.

    9. Preparation of interim and final report.

    1.4 Problems / Limitations

    a) Quantification of solid waste depends on various factors such as weather, economic

    status, geographical position of municipalities etc. In most of the cases there is no

    proper quantification method. It has been done on the basis of information provided

    by the municipalities.

    b) As there is no unique method or management system, the data given by the

    Municipal Authorities regarding solid waste generation, collection etc. vary largely. In

    some cases they have given absurd figures which have been modified logically.

    c) Lack of uniformities in the available information regarding solid waste management of

    different municipalities.

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    CHAPTER IICHAPTER II

    SOLID WASTESOLID WASTE

    Municipal Solid WasteMunicipal Solid WasteBio-Medical WasteBio-Medical Waste

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    Municipal Solid Waste

    Municipal Solid Waste consists of household wastes, market wastes, construction and

    demolition debris, sanitation residues, drain silt, waste from streets, etc. With rapid urbanization,

    rising population and change in lifestyle as well as food habits, the amount of MSW has been

    increasing rapidly. Moreover, its composition ratio is also changing. Over the last few years, the

    consumer market has grown rapidly leading to products being packed in cans, aluminium foils,

    plastics and other such non-biodegradable items that cause incalculable harm to the

    environment.

    Generation and composition

    Municipal waste production is related to levels of industrialization and income status. Per capita

    waste generation varies between 2.75 and 4.0 kgs./day in high income countries, but is as low

    as 0.5 kgs./day in those countries with lowest income.

    Generation not only varies from place to place but also from season to season in the same

    place. During summer the refuse generation in Indian cities is increased by about 25% due to

    consumption of fruits like mangoes, melons, green coconuts etc. A typical variation in physico-

    chemical characteristics of MSW at Kolkata is summarized below.

    Seasonal variation in MSW generation

    0

    10

    20

    30

    40

    50

    60

    70

    Monsoon Winter Summer

    Seasons

    Bio-degradable

    Paper

    Plastics

    Stones, Bricks,

    Ash etc.

    Seasonal variation in MSW generation

    Constituent (%)Seasons

    Monsoon Winter Summer Bio-degradable 41.17 55.03 59.20Paper 6.10 3.94 3.87Plastics 4.06 3.33 2.27Stones, Bricks, Ash etc. 35.00 26.90 18.57

    Moisture 63.54 60.87 60.31Source : Santra, S., Environmental Science, Central Book Agency.

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    Though substantial amount of paper, rags, glass find ways to the refuse near its source, they are

    reclaimed enroot by rag pickers, before reaching the disposal point. The waste reaching the

    disposal point contains a large percentage of garbage and inorganic matter giving it a higher

    density low calorific value.

    An analysis of physical characteristic of general solid waste was done as a part of a study

    carried out by National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI) in 1995 across

    various cities with population range from 0.1 million to 5 million yielded the following results.

    MSW Composition

    Constituent % by weight

    Paper 2.91 to 6.43Rubber, Leather and synthetics 0.78 to 0.28Glass 0.56 to 0.94

    Metal 0.33 to 0.80Compostable material 30.84 to 44.57Inert material 43.59 to 53.90

    Source : NEERI, 1995.

    However, Indias Development Report 1997 reported individual composition of Municipal Solid

    Waste of some Indian cities as follows :

    MSW composition in some Indian cities

    CITIESCHARACTERISTICS (%)

    Non-BiodegradablePaper Plastic Metal Glass Ash & Earth

    Biodegradable

    Kolkata 3.18 0.65 0.66 0.38 34.00 47.00Delhi 6.29 0.85 1.21 0.57 36.00 35.00Nagpur 1.88 1.35 1.33 1.34 41.42 34.81Bangalore 4.00 2.00 - 1.00 15.00 78.00Mumbai 10.00 2.00 3.60 0.20 44.20 40.00

    Source : Indias Development Report, 1997.

    Market wastes (generally huge quantity of bio-degradable materials)

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    The largest low moisture constituent of MSW is paper. Other low moisture combustible materials

    are plastics, textiles, rubber, leather and wood. These materials can be called Dry

    Combustibles in distinction to the Wet Combustibles of food, plant and other wastes, which

    contain 50-70% of water. Non Combustibles are metal, glasses and other inorganic

    compounds that have no heating value.

    Health impacts of MSW

    Wastes that are not properly managed, especially excreta and other liquid and solid wastes from

    household and the community, create serious health hazards and lead to infectious diseases.

    Unattended wastes lying around attract flies, rats and other vectors in turn spreading diseases.

    Normally, it is the wet wastes that decompose and release bad odour. This leads to unhygienic

    conditions thereby causing a rise in health problems. Thus excessive solid waste that is

    generated should be controlled by taking certain preventive measures.

    The group at risk from the unscientific disposal of solid wastes include the population in areas

    where there is no proper waste disposal method, especially pre-school children; waste workers

    in facilities producing toxic and infectious materials. Other high-risk groups include population

    living close to a waste dump and those, whose water supply has become contaminated either

    due to waste dumping or leachate from landfill site. Uncollected solid wastes also increases risk

    of injury and infections.

    In particular, organic domestic waste poses a serious threat, since they ferment, creating

    conditions favourable to the survival and growth of micro-biol pathogens. Direct handling of solid

    wastes can result in various types of infectious and chronic diseases with the waste workers and

    the rag pickers being the most vulnerable.

    Legislation and policies on MSW management

    The Draft Municipal Solid Waste (Management & Handling) Rules 1999 published under the

    Notification of the Govt. of India in the Min. of Env. & Forests No. S. O. 783 (E) dt. 27.09.1999 in

    the Gazette of India. Then in exercise of the powers conferred by Section 3, 6 & 25 of the E.P.

    Act, 1986 Cent. Govt. has notified this Rule as Municipal Solid Wastes (Management &

    Handling) Rules 2000 published on 25.09.2000. It is the primary regulatory instrument for

    governing solid waste throughout India. It is administrated nationally by CPCB and State

    Governments are responsible for implementation of the MSW Rules at the State level.

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    Some of the salient features of MSW Rules are :

    1) Every municipal authority shall, within the territorial area of the municipality be responsible for

    the implementation of the provision of these Rules and for any infrastructure development for

    collection, storage, segregation, transportation, processing and disposal of MSW.

    2) Littering of MSW shall be prohibited in cities, towns and in urban areas notified by the

    municipal authority.

    3) Municipalities must ensure that BMW and industrial wastes are not mixed with MSW and

    managed in accordance with Bio-Medical Waste (Management & Handling) Amendment

    Rules, 2003 and the Hazardous Waste (Management & Handling) Amendment Rules, 2003.

    4) In order to encourage the citizens, Municipal Authority shall organize awareness program for

    segregation of wastes and shall promote recycling or reuse of segregated materials.

    5) Municipal Authority shall establish and maintain storage facilities in such a manner as they

    do not create unhygienic and insanitary conditions around it.

    6) Vehicles used for transportation of wastes shall be covered. Waste should not be visible to

    public, nor exposed to open environment preventing their scattering.

    7) Municipal Authorities shall adopt suitable technology or combination of such technologies to

    make use of wastes so as to minimize burden on landfill.

    8) Landfilling should be restricted to non-biodegradable, inert wastes and other wastes that are

    not suitable either for recycling or biological processing, viz. drain silts, compost residue, etc.

    9) The Municipal Authority or an operator of a facility shall make an application for grant of

    Authorization for setting up waste processing and disposal facilities including landfill from

    State Board or the Committee.

    Bio Medical Waste

    The waste generating by the health care units are termed as bio-medical waste. The hospital

    waste has always been considered potentially hazardous. The disposal of untreated bio-medical

    wastes poses an environmental and public health risk. It also presents an occupational health

    hazards to the health care personnel who handle these wastes at the point of generation, and

    those involved with their management i.e. segregation, storage, transport, treatment and

    disposal. The indiscriminate disposal of untreated wastes are the causes to spread the infectious

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    diseases. Apart from these, a good amount of bio-medical wastes such as disposable syringes,

    saline bottles, I.V. fluid bottles etc. etc. are picked up by the rag pickers and are recycled back

    into the market without any disinfections. It is imperative, therefore, to adopt appropriate system

    for the safe collection, storage, transport, treatment and disposal of the hospital wastes. realizing

    the seriousness of the problems associated with the poor management of the bio-medical

    wastes, the Govt. of India had notified the Bio-Medical Waste (Management & Handling) Rules

    in the years 1998 in order to regulate the environmental menace due to mismanagement of the

    hospital waste.

    Generation and composition

    Waste generation and composition from health care units depends upon a number of factorssuch as waste management methods, type of health care units, occupancy of healthcare unit,

    specialization of the healthcare unit, ratio of reusable items in use, availability of infrastructure

    and resources etc.

    According to a WHO report, around 85% of the hospital wastes are actually non-hazardous, 10%

    are infectious and 5% are non-infectious but hazardous. A study conducted by Vatavaran, a

    NGO, in Delhi shows an average waste generation of 1.5 kgs./bed/day and around 45.5% of the

    total wastes is infectious in nature.

    Whereas, a rapid survey covering 10 hospitals in Mumbai carried out by Hospital Inspection

    Society of India shows that waste generation vary between 0.6 to 2.1 kgs./bed/day.

    A study conducted by the All India Institute of Hygiene and Public Health, Kolkata concluded that

    General waste containing food wastes, paper, plastics, floor sweeping, discarded glassware,

    earth pot etc. constitute bulk (56-78% by weight) of the hospital waste.

    Waste generated in large government hospitals in Kolkata, private hospitals and nursing

    homes ranges between 1044 gms/bed/day and 1368 gms/bed/day whereas waste generated

    in large government hospitals in districts are comparatively low 397 gms/bed/day.

    Incinerable waste constitutes 19-30% (by weight) of the total waste generated.

    During the year 2002-2003 the waste survey have been carried out at different Govt. hospitals of

    various categories in West Bengal. The average generation of different types of healthcare

    waste for different categories of hospitals is tabulated below.

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    Health care waste generation

    HospitalCategory

    (bedstrength)

    Healthcarewaste

    generation rate(gms./bed/day)

    Generalwaste

    (%)

    Bio-medical waste

    TotalBMW (%)

    Anatomicalwaste (%)

    SharpWaste (%)

    Infectious nonsharp waste

    (%)251-600 702 70.12 29.88 3.70 1.21 24.97126-250 678 64.05 35.95 5.49 2.40 28.0651-125 658 66.08 33.92 5.26 1.82 26.84Upto 50 782 66.48 33.52 4.98 2.33 26.23Average 705 66.68 33.32 4.86 1.94 26.52Source : WBHSDP report, 2002-2003.

    Health impacts of BMW

    The hazardous component of health care waste may contain infectious agents, toxic and

    hazardous chemicals and pharmaceuticals, radioactive materials and sharps that can cause

    health hazards to hospital patients, healthcare workers and the general public at large.

    Poor hospital waste management may cause the following diseases :

    Hepatitis B & C

    HIV positive

    Gastro-enteric infections

    Respiratory infections

    Blood stream infections

    Skin infections Radioactive toxicity

    Health problem associated with air and water pollution.

    Apart from the above mentioned incidents, there are other environmental problems associated

    with untreated BMW generated from the healthcare units, which are as follows :

    Decomposing waste may generate foul odour inside hospital premises and surrounding area.

    Drains may be clogged with waste materials creating unhygienic environment within the

    surrounding hospital premises. This phenomenon may also help in breading of

    mosquitoes/flies that might contribute to spreading of infectious diseases.

    Waste dump may attract stray animals and birds that might spread waste materials leading

    to unaesthetic and unhygienic environment.

    Indiscriminate disposal of pharmaceutical products (antibiotics and cytotoxic drugs) and

    discharge of untreated wastewater generated from the health care units could have

    disastrous ecological effects.

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    Open dump of waste may decompose to produce leachate that might contaminate ground

    water.

    Uncontrolled and open burning of wastes can generate dioxins and furans, thus polluting theair.

    Rules framed for the BMW management

    The Ministry of Environment and Forest (MoEF), Govt. of India, notified the Bio-Medical Waste

    (Management and Handling) Rules in July 1998 under the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986,

    through Gazette notification S.O. 630(E). Thereafter, the Bio-Medical Waste (Management and

    Handling) Rules were amended twice in the year 2000 and the last amendment was made in the

    year 2003. The first amendment was published on 6th March 2000 vide S.O. 210(E) and second

    amendment was published on 2nd June 2000 vide the Gazette Notification S.O. 545(E), third

    Amendment was published on 17th September 2003 vide Gazette Notification S.O. 1069(E).

    These rules regulate the generation, handling, collection, storage, transport, treatment and

    disposal of Bio-Medial Wastes.

    Some of the salient features of these rules are as follows :

    1) These rules are applicable to the Hospitals, Nursing Homes, Veterinary Institutions,

    Pathological Laboratories and Clinics, Blood Banks, etc. generating bio-medical wastes.

    2) The State Pollution Control Board/Pollution Control Committee is the prescribed authority for

    the implementation of the Rules in the Sates/Union Territories.

    3) Every occupier of the health care units generating, collecting, receiving, storing, transporting,

    treating, disposing and/or handling BMW in any other manner, except such occupier of

    clinics, dispensaries, pathological laboratories, blood banks providing treatment/service to

    less than 1000 (one thousand) patients per month, shall make an application in Form-I to the

    prescribed authority for grant of authorization.

    4) The prescribed authority shall on receipt of Form-I make such enquiry as it deems fit and if it

    is satisfied that the applicant possesses the necessary capacity to handle the BMW in

    accordance with the Rules, grant or renew an authorization as the case may be.

    5) The Onus of the treatment of the BMW squarely lies with the occupier of the health care

    units.

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    6) The Municipal body of the area shall pick up and transport segregated non-bio-medical

    waste generated in the hospital and nursing homes, as well as duly treated BMW for disposal

    at municipal dump site.

    7) The BMW shall not be stored beyond 48 hours without permission of the appropriate

    authority.

    8) The occupier of the health care unit needs to maintain the records related to the generation,

    collection, reception, storage, transportation, treatment, disposal and/or any form of handling

    BMW.

    9) Every occupier/operator shall submit an annual report to the State Pollution Control Board in

    Form-II by 31st January every year. The State Pollution Control Board shall send these

    information in a compiled form to the CPCB by 31st March every year.

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    CHAPTER IIICHAPTER III

    DISTRICT WISE STATUS OFDISTRICT WISE STATUS OF

    MSW & BMW IN WEST BENGALMSW & BMW IN WEST BENGAL

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    West Bengal is one of the eastern states of India (situated between 2131'N to 2714'N and 85

    51'E to 8900'E longitude). West Bengal is the gateway to the beautiful northeastern states of

    India. Its capital Calcutta (now Kolkata) was once the capital of the British Empire and still

    remains the cultural capital of India with a strong tradition in literature and fine arts.

    The climate in general is tropical type, but West Bengal has a variety in its landscape. In south,

    worlds largest river-delta delta of the river Ganges Sundarbans (partly in Bangladesh), a

    world famous mangrove forest

    and tiger reserve area under

    South 24 Parganas District, and

    some areas of this district and

    East-Midnapore have coastal

    areas (Bakkhali, Sagar, in South

    24-Parganas District and Digha,

    Frazergunj, in East Midnapore

    Dist.) and port (Haldia in East

    Midnapore). Parts of West

    Midnapore, Purulia, Bankura

    Districts have rough and dry

    type of soil, and also some

    undulating areas. In North,

    mainly Darjeeling, Jalpaiguri

    and Coochbehar Districts are

    touching the Himalayan

    mountain range. Other parts are

    mainly plain.

    The total area of West Bengal is 87,853 sq. km. It is Indias 12th largest State. In the north West

    Bengal touches the Indian States of Assam (north-east) and Sikkim (north) and shares

    international borders with Bhutan (north), Nepal (north-west) and Bangladesh (east). To the

    western end it touches Orissa, Bihar and Jharkhand. The southern plains of the State are criss-

    crossed with a network of rivers, the major being Bhagirathi and tributaries. The Bhagirathi itself

    known as Hooghly in the lower reaches is part of the river Ganga. The two great rivers, Ganga

    and Brahmaputra, merge to form great deltas at the mouth of the Bay of Bengal before they

    drain out into the sea.

    Bihar

    Orissa

    West Bengal(Natural)

    BANGLADESH

    BHUTANNEPAL

    Jharkhand

    Orissa

    Bihar

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    There are 19 nos. districts in West Bengal namely Bankura, Birbhum, Bardhaman, Coochbehar,

    Darjeeling, Dinajpur(N), Dinajpur(S), Hooghly, Howrah, Jalpaiguri, Kolkata, Malda, Medinipur(E),

    Medinipur(W), Murshidabad, Nadia, Purulia, North 24-Parganas and South 24-Parganas.

    Municipal area of West Bengal comprises of 126 nos. municipal bodies including 6 nos.

    Municipal Corporation. Kolkata Municipal Corporation is the largest municipal body having area

    187.33 sq. km. with population strength 45,80,544 (as per Census 2001) whereas regarding

    municipal area, Tarakeswar Municipality in Hooghly District represents the smallest member of

    the family having 1.5 sq.km. area and as per Census 2001, Mirik Municipality in Darjeeling

    District is smallest municipal body having population only 9,179.

    District wise no. of Municipal Bodies

    Sl.No.

    DistrictTotal

    Municipalbodies

    PopulationAbove10

    lakhs

    Between5 and 10

    lakhs

    Between1 and 5lakhs

    Below1 lakh

    1 24 Parganas(N) 27 - - 22 5

    2 24 Parganas(S) 7 - - 2 5

    3 Bankura 3 - - 1 2

    4 Barddhaman 11 - - 6 5

    5 Birbhum 6 - - - 6

    6 Cooch Behar 6 - - - 6

    7 Darjeeling 5 - - 2 3

    8 Hooghly 12 - - 9 3

    9 Howrah 3 1 - 2 -10 Jalpaiguri 4 - - 1 3

    11 Kolkata 1 1 - - -

    12 Maldah 2 - - 1 1

    13 Midnapore(East) 5 - - 1 4

    14 Midnapore(West) 8 - - 2 6

    15 Murshidabad 7 - - 1 6

    16 Nadia 10 - - 3 7

    17 North Dinajpur 4 - - 1 3

    18 Purulia 3 - - 1 2

    19 South Dinajpur 2 - - 1 1

    Total : 126 2 0 56 68

    According to the CPCB Classification of local bodies and as per Census 2001, in West Bengal

    2 nos. municipal corporations (Kolkata & Howrah) have Metro town status i.e. above 10 lakh

    population and 56 nos. municipal bodies fall under the category of Class-I municipality

    (population >1 lakh but not more than 10 lakhs), 27 nos. municipal bodies fall under Class-II

    municipality (population between 50,000 to 99,999), 32 nos. fall under Class-III municipality

    (population between 20,000 and 49,999), 8 nos. municipalities are fall under Class-IV

    (population 10,000 to 19,999) and only one (Mirik Municipality in Darjeeling District) falls underClass-V (population below 10,000) category.

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    District wise total Municipal Bodies and waste generation

    Sl.No.

    DistrictTotal

    Municipalbodies

    TotalMunicipal

    areas(in sq. km. )

    TotalPopulation in

    Municipalareas

    (Census 2001)

    PopulationDensity

    (per sq.km)

    Total Wastegenerated/day

    (in MT)

    Per CapitaWaste

    Generation(gms/day)

    1. 24 Pgs(N) 27 429.89 4610019 10724 2133.54 462.812. 24 Pgs(S) 7 141.69 940453 6637 195.69 208.08

    3. Bankura 3 52.67 218102 4141 85.13 390.32

    4. Barddhaman 11 568.49 2021971 3557 635.40 314.25

    5. Birbhum 6 68.15 284120 4169 150.27 528.90

    6. Cooch Behar 6 32.92 175521 5332 72.67 414.02

    7. Darjeeling 5 72.22 670031 9277 222.93 332.72

    8. North Dinajpur 4 55.00 295399 5371 70.57 238.90

    9. South Dinajpur 2 20.00 189064 9453 65.24 345.07

    10. Hooghly 12 152.88 1354163 8858 510.80 377.21

    11. Howrah 3 97.00 1472374 15179 1015.00 689.36

    12. Jalpaiguri 4 44.33 234469 5289 73.72 314.16

    13. Kolkata 1 187.33 4580544 24452 2700.00 589.45

    14. Maldah 2 22.83 224392 9829 47.10 209.90

    15. Midnapore(East) 5 183.92 369276 2008 98.30 266.20

    16. Midnapore(West) 8 129.34 529965 4097 214.31 404.39

    17. Murshidabad 7 92.00 467366 5080 159.55 341.38

    18. Nadia 10 139.60 749443 5369 200.91 268.08

    19. Purulia 3 30.00 153448 5115 23.40 152.49

    Total: 126 2520.26 19540120 7753 8674.47 360.40

    District wise total nos. of municipal body

    11

    27

    7

    3

    6 65

    12

    3 41 2

    5

    87

    10

    43 2

    0

    5

    10

    15

    20

    25

    30

    24P

    gs(N

    )

    24P

    gs(S

    )

    Bank

    ura

    Bard

    dham

    an

    Birbhu

    m

    Cooc

    hBe

    har

    Darje

    elin

    g

    Hoog

    hly

    How

    rah

    Jalp

    aigu

    ri

    Kolka

    ta

    Mal

    dah

    Mid

    napo

    re(E

    ast)

    Mid

    napo

    re(W

    est)

    Mur

    shid

    abad

    Nadi

    a

    North

    Din

    ajpu

    r

    Purulia

    South

    Dina

    jpur

    District North 24-Parganas have maximum number municipal bodies total 27 nos. (20 withinKMA and 7 outside KMA), District West Midnapore, Murshidabad, Jalpaiguri etc. are also bigger

    districts but they have less numbers of municipal bodies.

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    District wise MSW generation/day(MT)(considering only Municipal areasof the Districts)

    Nadia

    24 Pgs(N)

    Bankura

    24 Pgs(S)

    Barddhaman

    Cooch Behar

    Darjeeling

    Birbhum

    HooghlyJalpaiguri

    Kolkata

    Midnapore(W)

    Murshidabad

    Midnapore(E)

    Purulia

    North Dinajpur

    Maldah

    Howrah

    Considering the District total daily MSW generation in municipal areas only, Kolkata Districtgenerates maximum MSW (2,700MT/day) as there is maximum population density and PuruliaDistrict generates minimum (23.40 MT) MSW per day.

    District wise Municipal Population Density (person/ sq. km.)

    0

    5000

    10000

    15000

    20000

    25000

    30000

    24Pgs

    (N)

    24Pgs

    (S)

    Bank

    ura

    Bardd

    hama

    n

    Birbh

    um

    Cooc

    hBeh

    ar

    Darje

    eling

    North

    Dina

    jpur

    South

    Dina

    jpur

    Hoog

    hly

    Howr

    ah

    Jalpa

    iguri

    Kolka

    ta

    Malda

    h

    Midn

    apore

    (Eas

    t)

    Midn

    apore

    (Wes

    t)

    Mursh

    idaba

    dNa

    dia

    Purul

    ia

    The above figure shows that the State Capital Kolkata, as a district is most densely populatedand in other districts (particularly outside KMA) like East Midnapore, Bankura, Birbhum etc. have

    lower density in municipal areas.

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    District wise per capita waste generation/day

    (in municipal areas)

    0.00

    100.00

    200.00

    300.00

    400.00

    500.00

    600.00

    700.00

    800.00

    24P

    gs(N

    )

    24P

    gs(S

    )

    Ba

    nkura

    Barddh

    aman

    Birbh

    um

    CoochBeh

    ar

    Darjee

    ling

    NorthD

    inajpu

    r

    SouthD

    inajpu

    r

    Hoo

    ghly

    How

    rah

    Jalpa

    iguri

    Kolk

    ata

    M

    aldah

    Midn

    apore(E

    ast)

    Midn

    apore(W

    est)

    Murshida

    bad

    Nadia

    P

    urulia

    Regarding the per capita waste generation in municipal areas Howrah District is topmost, thenKolkata. It may be due to the flying population. In Purulia, Maldah, South 24 Parganas Districtper capita waste generation is low.

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    District : BANKURA

    Bankura, is a district inhabited by high percentage of tribal population. It covers an area of 6,882

    sq. km. and has a population strength of 31,91,822 (as in Census-2001). It is a partly hilly and

    arid land with rich mineral deposits, e.g. mica, lead, iron-ore, zinc, etc. Cultivation being the main

    source of income, Rice, wheat, corn, sugarcane are the chief cultivable crops. It is also famous

    for its traditional music, art (e.g. Terracotta, Dokra) and culture. With diverse variety of local and

    large tracts of forests (1,397 sq. km.), hills, rivers (Damodar, Kanksabati, Silabati, Dwarkeshwar)

    the districts has found place in the tourist map. Mukutmanipur, Bishnupur, Jhilmili,

    Joyrambati/Kamarpukur, Sushunia Hill, etc. are the notable tourist spots of attraction.

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    Municipal Bodies

    The district Bankura with 3 municipal bodies, namely Bankura, Bishnupur and Sonamukhi,

    covers an area of 52.67 sq. km. and has population strength of 2,18,102. These municipal

    bodies together generate 85.13 MT of MSW per day (refer Table-II), with Bankura Municipality

    heading the list (Bankura- 60.13 MT, Bishnupur- 13.00MT and Sonamukhi- 12.00 MT). The

    MSW collection status of these municipal bodies is 57.11 MT/day(refer Table-II) with handcarts,

    tricycle and trailers being the major means of collection. The transportation of the collected MSW

    takes place through truck and tractors to the land earmarked for MSW disposal. Bankura

    Municipal body at present has 5.00 acres of land for MSW disposal followed by Sonamukhi-

    10792 sq.m. and Bishnupur- 337 sq.m. A further 20234 sq.m of land has been identified for

    MSW disposal at Bankura and Sonamukhi municipality. Bio-medical Wastes in this district are

    mostly generated from several clinics, health care and pathological units. At present, there are

    about 23 nos. health care units (bed capacity 1,429) and 51 nos. clinics and pathological units in

    operation till date generating about 0.356 MT of BMW/day (refer Table-IV). However, as per

    provisions of Bio-medical Waste (Management & Handling) Rules, 1998, there exists no

    separate treatment and disposal facility for BMW at these municipalities, with Sonamukhi

    municipality utilizing an ordinary pit/trench for its BMW disposal.

    Table I : Brief general information about the Municipal BodiesName & Address of the

    Municipality Phone/FAX No.Population

    in 1991Population

    in 2001Total area(in sq. km.)

    Populationdensity/sq. km.

    Municipalcategory

    Bankura MunicipalityTamlibandh, Machantala,Dist. Bankura

    953242 250367FAX. 953242 250367

    1,14,876 1,28,811 19.00 6,780 Class-I

    Bishnupur MunicipalityBishnupur, Dist. Bankura

    953244 252 073/591 56,128 61,943 22.019 2,813 Class-II

    Sonamukhi MunicipalityPO. Sonamukhi, Dist. Bankura

    953244 275 238/988 24,640 27,348 11.65 2,347 Class-III

    Table II : MSW generation, collection status

    Name of theMunicipality

    Populationin 2001

    MSWGeneration /day

    (in MT)

    Per capitawaste

    generation(gms/day)

    MSWCollection

    /day(in MT)

    Collectionefficiency

    (%)

    Totalno. ofwards

    Collection method

    Doorstep(no. of wardscovered and

    collectionschedule)

    Roadside(no. of wardscovered and

    collectionschedule)

    Bankura 1,28,811 60.13 466.81 42.01 70 23 Yet to start 23-Daily

    Bishnupur 61,943 13.00 209.87 5.10 39 19 Yet to start 19-Daily

    Sonamukhi 27,348 12.00 438.78 10.00 83 15 Yet to start 15-Daily

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    Table III : MSW transportation and disposal status

    Name of theMunicipality

    MSWGeneration

    /day(in MT)

    Collection of MSW Transportation of MSW Disposal land

    TricycleHandcart

    TrailerNo. ofTruck

    No. ofTractor

    Existingland for

    MSW

    disposal

    New land identifiedfor MSW disposal

    Bankura 60.13 01 175 6 1 6 5.00 Acres 20234 sq. m.

    Bishnupur 13.00 NIL 30 4 NIL 4 337 sq.m NIL

    Sonamukhi 12.00 02 24 4 NIL 4 10792 sq.m 20234 sq. m.

    Table IV : Health care units and bed capacity

    Name of theMunicipality

    No. ofClinic/Path

    labs.

    Municipal

    HCU

    Govt.HCU

    Pvt.HCU

    TotalBed

    Per dayOccupancy

    Per day BMWgeneration in MT

    (considering250gms/bed/day)

    Disposal Facilityfor BMW

    Bankura 40 0 1 16 1,152 1,159 0.288No separate

    collection or disposalsystem

    Bishnupur 4 0 1 2 239 248 0.059No separate

    collection or disposalsystem

    Sonamukhi 7 0 1 2 38 132 0.009 Ordinary pit / trench

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    District : BARDDHAMAN

    It is a district with agriculture, industry and mining, all at their peak. It covers an area of 7,024 sq.

    km. having population strength 69,19,698 (as in the Census-2001). The eastern region of the

    district is a low alluvial plain, densely populated and often waterlogged and swampy. The

    western region is one of the busiest industrial tracts with rich deposits of coal, fire clay and iron-

    ore, especially in the Ranigunj coalfield area. Coal mining and agricultural production of rice,

    rapeseed, legumes and linseed are the primary activities in this district. Ajoy, Damodar,

    Bhagirathi are the major rivers of this district. Some regions of this district e.g. Barddhaman

    Rajbari etc. are of historic interest.

    Municipal Bodies

    Barddhaman district have 11 nos. municipal bodies, namely Asansol, Barddhaman, Dainhat,

    Durgapur, Guskara, Jamuria, Kalna, Katwa, Kulti, Memari and Raniganj. These 11 nos.

    municipal bodies altogether covers an area of 568.49 sq. km. with total municipal population

    strength 20,21,971. They total produce per day 635.40 MT of MSW excluding bio-medical

    wastes, generated by 150 nos. health care units (bed strength 5,247) and total 130 nos. clinics

    and pathological units. Though, they have municipal dumping ground there are no facility for

    scientific treatment/disposal of bio-medical waste.

    DDaaiinnhhaatt

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    Table I : Brief general information about the Municipal Bodies

    Name & Address of theMunicipality

    Phone/FAX No.Population

    in 1991Population

    in 2001

    Totalarea(in sq.km.)

    Populationdensity/sq. km.

    Municipalcategory

    Asansol Municipal Corp.

    PO. Asansol,Dist. Barddhaman

    95341 220

    2219/9476/9225FAX : 95341 220 2491

    2,62,188 4,86,304 127.00 3,829 Class I

    Barddhaman MunicipalityG. T. Road, PO.Barddhaman,Dist. Barddhaman

    95342 266 2777/2564121FAX : 0342 256 0717

    2,45,079 2,85,871 23.00 12,429 Class I

    Dainhat MunicipalityPO. Dainhat,Dist. Barddhaman

    244 228/747 20,349 22,593 10.36 2,181 Class III

    Durgapur Municipal Corp.City Centre, Durgapur 16,Dist. Barddhaman

    95343 254 6107FAX : 254 6472

    4,25,836 4,92,996 154.00 3,201 Class I

    Guskara Municipality

    Guskara,Dist. Barddhaman

    953452 255 077/ 767FAX : 255 767 26,995 31,863 17.00 1,874 Class III

    Jamuria MunicipalityDamodarpur, PO. Nandi,Dist. BarddhamanPIN 713344

    95341 2455562/2455984FAX : 0341 245 5984

    1,18,494 1,29,456 79.20 1,635 Class I

    Kalna MunicipalityDangapara, PO. Kalna,Dist. Barddhaman

    953454 255004FAX : 953454 256 242

    47,229 52,176 10.00 5,218 Class II

    Katwa MunicipalityPO. Katwa, Dist.Barddhaman,PIN 713130

    953453 255005/255160FAX : 03453 255160

    55,541 71,573 7.93 9,026 Class II

    Kulti MunicipalityPO. Sitarampur,Dist. Barddhaman,PIN 713359

    95341 251 0642FAX : 0341 251 1345

    1,08,518 2,90,057 99.00 2,930 Class I

    Memari MunicipalityPO & PS. Memari,Dist. Barddhaman

    95342 2250825/2250942 29,000 36,191 16.00 2,262 Class III

    Raniganj MunicipalityN. S. B. Road, PO. Raniganj,Dist. Barddhaman,PIN 713347

    95341 244 4825/7485FAX : 244 7484

    61,997 1,22,891 25.00 4,916 Class I

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    Table II : MSW generation, collection status

    Name of theMunicipality

    Populationin 2001

    MSWGeneration /day

    (in MT)

    Per capitawaste

    generation(gms/day)

    MSWCollection /day(in MT)

    Collectionefficiency

    (%)

    Totalno. ofwards

    Collection method

    Doorstep(no. of wardscovered and

    collectionschedule)

    Roadside(no. of wardscovered and

    collectionschedule)

    Asansol 4,86,304 180.00 370.14 140.00 78 50 1- Alternate day 49- Alternate day

    Barddhaman 2,85,871 110.00 384.79 107.00 97 35 NIL All-Daily

    Dainhat 22,593 16.00 708.18 15.00 94 14 NILAll-Daily/Alternate

    day

    Durgapur 4,92,996 108.00 219.07 100.00 93 43 2-Daily All-Daily/Weekly

    Guskara 31,863 20.00 627.69 10.00 50 16 NIL All-Daily

    Jamuria 1,29,456 14.00 108.14 13.00 93 22 NIL All-Weekly

    Kalna 52,176 20.00 383.32 15.00 75 18 NIL All-Daily

    Katwa 71,573 43.00 600.79 38.00 88 19 NIL All-Daily

    Kulti 2,90,057 91.00 313.73 30.00 33 35 All-Daily All-Daily

    Memari 36,191 7.60 210.00 1.00 13 16 NIL All-Alternate day

    Raniganj 1,22,891 25.8 210.00 25.00 97 21 NIL Partially-Daily

    Table III : MSW transportation and disposal status

    Name of theMunicipality

    MSW

    Generation/day

    (in MT)

    Collection of MSWTransportation

    of MSWDisposal land

    TricycleHandcart

    TrailerNo. ofTruck

    No. ofTractor

    Existing landfor MSWdisposal

    New land identifiedfor MSW disposal

    Asansol 180.00 NIL NIL NIL 26 NIL Indiscriminate One site identified

    Barddhaman 110.00 70 200 02 10 02 7 Acres NIL

    Dainhat 16.00 NIL 01 03 NIL 01 Indiscriminate NIL

    Durgapur 108.00 NIL NIL NIL 11 NIL 3.5 Acres 3 sites, 8.76 Acres

    Guskara 20.00 NIL NIL 01 NIL 01 2 Bighas 1 site

    Jamuria 14.00 NIL NIL 02 NIL 02 Indiscriminate NIL

    Kalna 20.00 04 NIL 04 NIL 02 3 Acres NIL

    Katwa 43.00 NIL 52 07 NIL 03 2.3 Acres NIL

    Kulti 91.00 NIL 70 03 07 03 1750 sq.m NIL

    Memari 7.60 NIL NIL 01 NIL 01 Indiscriminate NIL

    Raniganj 25.8 NIL N.A. 04 NIL 04 Indiscriminate NIL

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    Table IV : Health care units and bed capacity

    Name of theMunicipality

    No. ofClinic/Pathlabs.

    MunicipalHCU

    Govt.HCU

    Pvt.HCU

    TotalBed

    Per day BMWgeneration in MT

    (considering250gms/bed/day)

    Disposal Facility forBMW

    Asansol - 0 1 30 637 0.15No separate collection or

    disposal systemBarddhaman 60 1 1 39 1,782 0.45

    No separate collection ordisposal system

    Dainhat 0 0 0 0 NIL NILNo separate collection or

    disposal system

    Durgapur - 1 5 23 1,267 0.32No separate collection or

    disposal system

    Guskara 6 0 1 0 10 0.0025No separate collection or

    disposal system

    Jamuria 2 0 1 1 58 0.015No separate collection or

    disposal system

    Kalna 10 0 0 9 95 0.024No separate collection or

    disposal system

    Katwa 15 0 1 7 310 0.078No separate collection or

    disposal system

    Kulti 4 0 2 12 481 0.12No separate collection or

    disposal system

    Memari 5 0 1 3 74 0.019No separate collection or

    disposal system

    Raniganj 28 0 1 10 533 0.13No separate collection or

    disposal system

    * a private operator is going to develop a CBMWTDF for Barddhaman District (mainly for theAsansol, Ranigunj, Durgapur, Kulti, Jamuria Municipal areas)

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    Municipal Bodies

    The district Birbhum with 6 nos. municipal bodies, namely Bolpur, Dubrajpur, Nalhati,

    Rampurhat, Sainthia and Suri covers an area of 68.15 sq. km. and has a total municipal

    population strength of 2,84,120. Per day total 150.27 MT of MSW generate in these municipal

    areas. Total 23 nos. health care units (bed strength 478) and 51 nos. clinics and pathological

    units are situated in these municipal areas. Though, they have municipal dumping ground there

    are no facility for scientific treatment/disposal of bio-medical waste.

    Table I : Brief general information about the Municipal Bodies

    Name & Address of theMunicipality

    Phone/FAX No.Population

    in 1991Population

    in 2001

    Totalarea

    (in sq.km.)

    Populationdensity/sq. km.

    Municipalcategory

    Bolpur Municipality

    Chandidas Nanoor Road,PO. Bolpur, Dist. Birbhum

    953463 252501

    FAX : 03463252501 52,760 65,659 13.13 5,001 Class II

    Dubrajpur MunicipalityPO. Dubrajpur, Dist.Birbhum

    953462244362/244519FAX : 03462244362

    26,983 32,752 16.85 1,944 Class III

    Nalhati MunicipalityNalhati Municipal Office,Nalhati, Dist. Birbhum

    953465 255300

    34,029 34,038 12.10 2,813 Class III

    Rampurhat MunicipalityPO. Rampurhat, Dist.Birbhum

    953461 255008

    43,275 50,609 6.59 7,680 Class II

    Sainthia Municipality

    Sainthia, Dist. Birbhum

    953462264187/262367

    30,024 39,244 10.00 3,924 Class III

    Suri MunicipalitySuri, Dist. Birbhum

    953462255534/257308

    54,298 61,818 9.48 6,521 Class II

    Table II : MSW generation, collection status

    Name of theMunicipality

    Populationin 2001

    MSWGeneration /day

    (in MT)

    Per capitawaste

    generation(gms/day)

    MSWCollect

    ion /day

    (in MT)

    Collectionefficiency

    (%)

    Total no.of wards

    Collection method

    Doorstep(no. of wardscovered and

    collectionschedule)

    Roadside(no. of wardscovered and

    collectionschedule)

    Bolpur 65,659 34.00 517.83 28.00 82 18 10-Alternate day All-Alternate day

    Dubrajpur 32,752 7.36 224.72 3.80 52 16 Yet to start All

    Nalhati 34,038 23.31 684.82 20.00 86 16 Yet to start All-Daily

    Rampurhat 50,609 10.60 210.00 10.00 94 17 Yet to startAll- Alternate

    day

    Sainthia 39,244 25.00 637.04 18.00 72 16 Yet to start All

    Suri 61,818 50.00 808.83 50.00 100 18 All-Daily NIL

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    Table III : MSW transportation and disposal status

    Name of theMunicipality

    MSWGeneration /day

    (in MT)

    Storage(no. ofBins/Vats)

    Collection of MSWTransportation of

    MSWDisposal land

    TricycleHandcart

    TrailerNo. ofTruck

    No. ofTractor

    Existing landfor MSWdisposal

    New landidentifiedfor MSWdisposal

    Bolpur 34.00 594 22 44 4 NIL 4 10 Bighas NIL

    Dubrajpur 7.36 28 2 8 1 NIL 1 NIL NIL

    Nalhati 23.31 72 7 NIL 1 NIL 1 3.3 Acres NIL

    Rampurhat 10.60 85 4 20 2 NIL 2 5 Bighas NIL

    Sainthia 25.00 64 12 17 2 NIL 2 One site NIL

    Suri 50.00 85 50 40 4 NIL 4 NILOne siteidentified

    Table IV : Health care units and bed capacity

    Name of theMunicipality

    No. ofClinic/P

    athlabs.

    Municipal HCU

    Govt.HCU

    Pvt.HCU

    Total Bed

    Per day BMWgeneration in MT

    (considering250gms/bed/day)

    Disposal Facility for BMW

    Bolpur 12 NIL 1 2 80 0.020 In a trench

    Dubrajpur 6 NIL NIL NIL NIL NILNot considerable amount of

    BMW generates here

    Nalhati 5 NIL 1 NIL 25 0.006 Ordinary pit / trench

    Rampurhat 14 NIL NIL 4 19 0.004No separate collection or

    disposal system

    Sainthia 4 NIL 1 5 120 0.030 No separate collection ordisposal system

    Suri 10 NIL 2 7 598 0.15 One burial pit

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    District : COOCHBEHAR

    This district with beauty all around, covers an area of 3,387 sq. km. and has a population

    strength of 24,78,280. The district is famous for its princely past along with its rich tradition of

    education and rituals. The main attraction here is the Maharajas Palace, which was built in 1885

    in Coochbehar town. Agricultural activity, which is the main source of income. Among the major

    crops grow here tea, rice, jute etc. are notable. Raidak and Jaldhaka are the major rivers of this

    district. Boxapahar, a tourist spot of this district is well known for its scenic beauty.

    Municipal Bodies

    Coochbehar district have 6 municipal bodies, namely Coochbehar, Dinhata, Haldiabari,

    Mathabhanga, Mekhliganj, & Tufanganj. These municipal bodies altogether covers an area of32.92 sq. km. with total municipal population strength 1,75,521. Per day 72.67 MT of MSW is

    produced in these municipal areas excluding bio-medical wastes, generated by 15 nos. health

    care units (bed strength 1118) and 101 nos. clinics and pathological units. Though, they have

    municipal dumping ground there are no facility for scientific treatment/disposal of bio-medical

    waste.

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    Table I : Brief general information about the Municipal Bodies

    Name & Address of theMunicipality

    Phone/FAX No.Population

    in 1991Population

    in 2001

    Totalarea(in sq.km.)

    Popula-tion

    density/sq. km.

    Municipalcategory

    Coochbehar Municipality

    P.O. : CoochbeharDist. : Coochbehar

    953582 222286

    FAX : 953582 222656 71,215 76,812 8.29 9,266 Class II

    Dinhata MunicipalityP.O.: DinhataDist. Coochbehar

    953581 255 103/ 628FAX : 255 682 17,697 34,303 4.55 7,539 Class III

    Haldibari MunicipalityP.O.: HaldibariDist. Coochbehar

    953584 263264/FAX : 263312 10,870 13,170 10.00 1,317 Class IV

    MathabhangaMunicipalityP.O.: MathabhangaDist. : Coochbehar

    953583 255255FAX : 255194

    17,336 21,110 3.71 5,690 Class III

    Mekhliganj Municipality

    P.O.: MekhliganjDist.: Coochbehar

    953584 255249

    FAX : 953584 255249 8,205 10,833 3.88 2,792 Class IV

    Tufanganj MunicipalityPO. Tufangunj,Dist. Coochbehar

    953582 244256FAX : 953582 244659 16,418 19,293 2.49 7,748 Class IV

    Table II : MSW generation, collection status

    Name of theMunicipality

    Populationin 2001

    MSWGeneration /day

    (in MT)

    Per capitawaste

    generation(gms/day)

    MSWCollect

    ion /day

    (in MT)

    Collection

    efficiency(%)

    Totalno. ofwards

    Collection method

    Doorstep(no. of wardscovered and

    collectionschedule)

    Roadside(no. of wardscovered and

    collectionschedule)

    Coochbehar 76,812 39.00 507.73 35.00 90 20 All-Daily 39-Daily

    Dinhata 34,303 10.30 300.26 NIL NIL 16 NIL NIL

    Haldibari 13,170 2.80 212.00 2.0 71 11 NIL All-Daily

    Mathabhanga 21,110 6.30 298.43 NIL NIL 12 NIL NIL

    Mekhliganj 10,833 2.27 209.54 2.30 88 9 NIL All-Daily

    Tufangunj 19,293 12.00 621.99 10.00 83 12 NIL All-Alternate day

    Table III : MSW transportation and disposal status

    Name of theMunicipality

    MSWGeneration /day(in MT)

    Collection of MSWTransportation

    of MSW Disposal land

    TricycleHandcart

    TrailerNo. ofTruck

    No. ofTractor

    Existing land forMSW disposal

    New landidentified for

    MSW disposal

    Coochbehar 39.00 40 40 4 3 4 6.2881 Acres NIL

    Dinhata 10.30 NIL 20 2 2 1 Indiscriminate NIL

    Haldibari 2.80 NIL 29 2 NIL 1 1.81 Acres 2.33 Acres

    Mathabhanga 6.30 NIL 06 1 1 1 Indiscriminate NIL

    Mekhliganj 2.27 NIL 11 1 1 1 Indiscriminate 1 site, 1.00 Acres

    Tufangunj 12.00 NIL 04 1 NIL 1 4.50 Acres NIL

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    Table IV : Health care units and bed capacity

    Name of theMunicipality

    No. ofClinic/ Pathlabs.

    Municipal

    HCU

    GovtHCU

    Pvt.HCU

    TotalBed

    Per dayOccupancy

    Per day BMWgeneration in MT

    (considering250gms/bed/day)

    Disposal Facility forBMW

    Coochbehar 45 NIL 01 05 528 520 0.132No separate collection

    or disposal systemDinhata 25 NIL 01 03 215 220 0.053

    No separate collectionor disposal system

    Haldibari 04 NIL 01 NIL 30 25 0.0075No separate collection

    or disposal system

    Mathabhanga 13 NIL 01 NIL 120 130 0.03No separate collection

    or disposal system

    Mekhliganj 02 NIL 01 NIL 120 127 0.03No separate collection

    or disposal system

    Tufangunj 12 NIL 01 01 105 120 0.026No separate collection

    or disposal system

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    District : DARJEELING

    It is the north most district of West Bengal touching the Himalayan Mountain range. It derives its

    name from Tibetan DORJE-LING which means place of thunderbolt. It is one of the most

    beutiful hill stations of the country covering an area of 3,149 sq.km. and having a population

    strength of 16,05,900 (Census-2001). Tea, timber, orange, cardamon and some medicinal plantsare the major crops grown here. Since, the district has many places of tourist attraction and also

    serves as the gateway to Nepal, Bhutan and other north-eastern states of India, its economy is

    driven primarily by tourism and business. As a result, the district have a large number of floating

    population through out the year. The climate here is generally foggy or humid and plentiful of

    rain. The hill station Darjeeling lies at an elevation of about 7,000 fts.(2,100m) above sea-level

    on a long narrow mountain ridge of the Sikkim Himalayas that descends abruptly to the bed of

    the Great Rangit River. Siliguri is one of the biggest city of this district and it also serve as an

    important junction of North and North-eastern parts.

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    Municipal Bodies

    Total 5 nos. municipal bodies are in this District, namely, Darjeeling, Kalimpong, Kurseong, Mirik

    Municipality and Siliguri Municipal Corporation. Total municipal area of Darjeeling District is

    72.22 sq. km. and have total municipal population strength of 6,70,031. As per the Census

    Report 2001 the population of Mirik municipal area is only 9,179, which is the lowest populated

    town among the126 nos. municipal bodies in W.B. The 5 nos. municipal bodies of Darjeeling

    district together produce 222.93 MT of MSW per day excluding bio-medical wastes, generated

    by 43 nos. health care units (bed strength 2,016) and 78 nos. clinics and pathological units.

    Though, they have municipal dumping ground there are no facilities for scientific

    treatment/disposal of bio-medical waste.

    Table I : Brief general information about the Municipal Bodies

    Name & Address of theMunicipality

    Phone/FAX No.Population

    in 1991Population

    in 2001

    Totalarea

    (in sq.km.)

    Populationdensity/sq. km.

    Municipalcategory

    Darjeeling MunicipalityP.O. : DarjeelingDist. : Darjeeling

    95354 2521124 / 406FAX: 95354 2521437

    73,062 1,07,530 10.70 10,050 Class I

    Kalimpong MunicipalityUpper Cart Road.P.O.: KalimpongDist. Darjeeling

    95355 2255224 / 223FAX : 2255 224

    38,832 42,980 8.02 5,358 Class III

    Kurseong MunicipalityD.H. RoadP.O.: KurseongDist.: Darjeeling

    95354 2344286 / 412FAX : 95354 2344286

    26,758 40,067 5.00 8,013 Class III

    Mirik MunicipalityPO. MirikDist. Darjeeling

    95354 2443328 7,022 9,179 6.50 1,412 Class V

    Siliguri MunicipalCorporationP.O.: SiliguriDist. : Darjeeling

    95353 2433277FAX : 2435444

    2,16,950 4,70,275 42.00 11,197 Class I

    Table II : MSW generation, collection status

    Name of theMunicipal

    Bodies

    Populationin 2001

    MSWGeneration /day

    (in MT)

    Per capitawaste

    generation(gms/day)

    MSWCollec-

    tion /day(in MT)

    Collec-tion

    efficiency (%)

    Totalno. ofwards

    Collection method

    Doorstep(no. of wardscovered and

    collectionschedule)

    Roadside(no. of wardscovered and

    collectionschedule)

    Darjeeling 1,07,530 50.00 464.99 31.00 62 32 N.A. N.A.

    Kalimpong 42,980 16.00 372.27 14.00 88 23 NIL All-Daily

    Kurseong 40,067 5.00 124.79 4.00 80 20 NIL 19-Daily

    Mirik 9,179 1.93 210.26 1.50 78 09 NIL All-Daily

    Siliguri 4,70,275 150.00 318.96 120.00 80 47 All-Daily NIL

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    Table III : MSW transportation and disposal status

    Name of theMunicipality

    MSWGeneration/day(in MT)

    Collection of MSWTransportation of

    MSWDisposal land

    TricycleHandcart

    TrailerNo. ofTruck

    No. ofTractor

    Existing land forMSW disposal

    New landidentified for

    MSW disposal

    Darjeeling 50.00 N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

    Kalimpong 16.00 20 NIL 01 2 01 6.69 Bighas NIL

    Kurseong 5.00 NIL 06 02 01 01 250 sq. m.One, 185.09

    Decimal

    Mirik 1.93 NIL NIL 01 NIL NIL 40 sq . m. NIL

    Siliguri 150.00 NIL 500 05 07 05 28.00 AcresOne, 37.26

    Acres

    Table IV : Health care units and bed capacity

    Name of theMunicipality

    No. ofClinic/Pathlabs.

    MunicipalHCU

    Govt.HCU

    Pvt.HCU

    TotalBed

    Per day BMWgeneration in MT

    (considering250gms/bed/day)

    Disposal Facilityfor BMW

    Darjeeling N.A. NIL 01 03 371 0.092No separatecollection or

    disposal system

    Kalimpong 10 NIL 01 04 433 0.110

    No separate

    collection ordisposal system

    Kurseong 3 NIL 01 NIL 100 0.025No separatecollection or

    disposal system

    Mirik NIL NIL 01 NIL 15 0.003No separatecollection or

    disposal system

    Siliguri 65 01 02 30 1119 0.270No separatecollection or

    disposal system

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    District : NORTH DINAJPUR

    At the time of partition, Dinajpur district was divided into two parts, eastern part included Purba

    Pakistan (now Bangladesh) and western part included District of West Bengal which was named

    as West Dinajpur District. In 1992, the West Dinajpur District was further divided into two

    separate districts, viz. North Dinajpur (Uttar Dinajpur) and South Dinajpur (Dakshin Dinajpur).

    The North Dinajpur District covers an area of 3,142 sq.km enclosed by Bangladesh on the East,

    Bihar on the West, Darjeeling and Jalpaiguri District on the North and South Dinajpur District on

    the South respectively. The population strength of the district is about 24,41,824 as per Census-

    2001. The regional topography is generally flat with a gentle southerly slope towards the main

    rivers of Kulik, and Mahananda. Uttar Dinajpur is bestowed with a very fertile soil. Raiganj on the

    bank of the River Kulik serve as the District Headquarter where the second largest bird

    sanctuary in Asia is situated.

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    Municipal Bodies

    The District Uttar Dinajpur with 4 municipal bodies, namely Dalkhola, Islampur, Kaliaganj &

    Raiganj, covers an area of 55.00 sq. km. and has total municipal population strength of

    2,95,399. Per day 70.57 MT of MSW generate in these municipal areas, excluding bio-medical

    wastes, generated by 12 nos. health care units (bed strength 445) and 34 nos. clinics and

    pathological units. All these 4 nos. municipal bodies had applied for MSW Authorization to the

    WBPCB.

    Table I : Brief general information about the Municipal Bodies

    Name & Address of theMunicipality

    Phone/FAX No.Population

    in 1991Population

    in 2001

    Total area(in sq.km.)

    Populationdensity/sq. km.

    Municipalcategory

    Dalkhola MunicipalityP.O.: DalkholaDist.: Uttar Dinajpur

    953525256293/259FAX: 953525256259

    10,652 29,772 16.00 1,861 Class III

    Islampur MunicipalityPO. IslampurDist.: Uttar Dinajpur

    953526 25515345,240 52,766 16.00 3,298 Class II

    Kaliyaganj MunicipalityP.O. : KaliaganjDist. : Uttar Dinajpur

    953523 258165FAX: 953523259165

    37,817 47,639 12.00 3,970 Class III

    Raiganj MunicipalityP.O.: RaiganjDist.: Uttar Dinajpur

    953523 252163FAX : 252 542

    1,51,045 1,65,222 11.00 15,020 Class I

    Table II : MSW generation, collection status

    Name of theMunicipal

    Bodies

    Populationin 2001

    MSWGeneration /day

    (in MT)

    Per capitawaste

    generation(gms/day)

    MSWCollec-tion /day

    (in MT)

    Collec-tion

    efficiency (%)

    Totalno. ofwards

    Collection methodDoorstep

    (no. of wardscovered and

    collectionschedule)

    Road side(no. of wardscovered and

    collectionschedule)

    Dalkhola 29,772 6.26 210.26 NIL NIL 14 NIL NIL

    Islampur 52,766 33.31 631.28 NIL NIL 14 NIL NIL

    Kaliyaganj 47,639 5.00 104.96 4.00 80 17 NIL All-Daily

    Raiganj 1,65,222 26.00 157.36 19.6 75 26 NIL All - Daily

    Table III : MSW transportation and disposal status

    Name of theMunicipality

    MSWGeneration /day(in MT)

    Collection of MSWTransportation of

    MSWDisposal land

    TricycleHandcart

    TrailerNo. ofTruck

    No. ofTractor

    Existing land forMSW disposal

    New landidentifiedfor MSWdisposal

    Dalkhola 6.26Yet to develop collection & transport facility for

    MSW0.05 Acre

    Islampur 33.31 NIL NIL 02 NIL 02 NIL NIL

    Kaliyaganj 5.00 NIL 24 03 NIL 03 2.7 Acres NIL

    Raiganj 26.00 NIL 20 05 NIL 03 7.00 Acres NIL

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    Table IV : Health care units and bed capacity

    Name of theMunicipality

    No. ofClinic/Pathlabs.

    MunicipalHCU

    Govt.HCU

    Pvt.HCU

    TotalBed

    Per day BMWgeneration in MT

    (considering250gms/bed/day)

    Disposal Facility forBMW

    Dalkhola 02 NIL NIL 01 04 0.001Amount of BMW

    generation is very small

    Islampur 10 NIL 01 02 113 0.028 No separate collection ordisposal system

    Kaliyaganj 07 NIL 01 NIL 70 0.017No separate collection or

    disposal system

    Raiganj 15 NIL 01 04 243 0.061No separate collection or

    disposal system

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    District: SOUTH DINAJPUR

    In terms of population, Dakshin (South) Dinajpur District is the smallest district in West Bengal.

    Balurghat is the districts headquarter. The district covers a total area of 2,183 sq.km. and has a

    population strength of 15,02,647 as per Census-2001. The district is drained by a number of

    North-South flowing rivers like Atreyee, Punarbhaba, Tangon and Brahmani. It is predominantly

    an agricultural district with large areas of cultivable land. Dakshin Dinajpur is a Non-Industry

    district having no large-scale industry at its disposal. Transport and Communication facilities

    are not yet very well developed however, new railway lines have been laid between Eklakhi and

    the district headquarter Balurghat. The National Highway no. 34 falls within this district, but only

    for a stretch of 3 kms.

    Municipal Bodies

    South Dinajpur district have 2 municipal bodies, namely Gangarampur & Balughat, altogether

    covers an area of 20.00 sq. km. with total municipal population strength 1,89,064. I these

    municipal areas 65.24 MT of MSW produce per day excluding bio-medical wastes, generated

    by 6 nos. health care units (bed strength 500) and 13 nos. clinics and pathological units.

    Though, they have municipal dumping ground there are no facilities for scientific

    treatment/disposal of bio-medical waste.

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    Table I : Brief general information about the Municipal Bodies

    Name & Address of theMunicipality

    Phone/FAX No.

    Populationin 1991

    Populationin 2001

    Totalarea(in sq.km.)

    Populationdensity/sq. km.

    Municipalcategory

    Balurghat MunicipalitySova Majumder SaraniP.O.: BalurghatDist. : Dakshin Dinajpur

    953522255649FAX: 255930

    1,19,796 1,35,516 10.00 13,552 Class III

    Gangarampur MunicipalityP.O. : GangarampurDist. : Dakshin Dinajpur

    953521255404FAX: 255140

    46,611 53,548 10.00 5,355 Class II

    Table II : MSW generation, collection status

    Name of the

    MunicipalBodies

    Populationin 2001

    MSW

    Generation /day(in MT)

    Per capita

    wastegeneration(gms/day)

    MSWCollect

    ion /day

    (in MT)

    Collection

    efficiency(%)

    Total

    no. ofwards

    Collection method

    Doorstep

    (no. of wardscovered and

    collectionschedule)

    Road side

    (no. of wardscovered and

    collectionschedule)

    Balurghat 1,35,516 54.00 398.48 52.00 96 23All Alternate

    dayNIL

    Gangarampur 53,548 11.24 210.00 1.00 9 12 NIL All - Daily

    Table III : MSW transportation and disposal status

    Name of theMunicipality

    MSW

    Generation /day(in MT)

    Collection of MSWTransportation of

    MSWDisposal land

    TricycleHandcart

    TrailerNo. ofTruck

    No. ofTractor

    Existingland for

    MSWdisposal

    New landidentified for

    MSW disposal

    Balurghat 54.00 NIL NIL 04 01 04 10.00 Acres NIL

    Gangarampur 11.24 NIL 05 02 NIL 02 NIL 8.00 Acres

    Table IV : Health care units and bed capacity

    Name of the

    Municipality

    No. ofClinic/P

    athlabs.

    Municipal

    HCU

    Govt.

    HCU

    Pvt.

    HCU

    Total

    Bed

    Per day BMWgeneration in MT

    (considering250gms/bed/day)

    Disposal Facility for

    BMW

    Balurghat 05 01 01 01 340 0.085No separate collection

    or disposal system

    Gangarampur 03 NIL 01 02 295 0.073No separate collection

    or disposal system

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    District : HOOGHLY

    Hooghly, a district with both agriculture and industrial activities at their peak covers a total area

    of 3,149 sq.km. having a population strength of 50,40,047 as per Census-2001. The district has

    vast stretches fertile land suitable for the cultivation of rice, jute, sugarcane, and potatoes. The

    Hooghly's riverbank is densely populated and heavily industrialized, with jute, rice, cotton mills,

    rubber and chemical factories. The district headquarter Chinsurah and Chandernagore town

    have old European settlements of British India. The river Ganges (Hooghly), and the branches of

    Rupnarayan, Damodar are the major rivers of the District.

    Identified land about 51 acres at Dirghangi for proposed common facility project (under JBIC) for MSWMfor Serampore, Rishra, Konnagar, Uttarpara-Kotrang, Baidyabati and Champdani Municipality

    41

    CChhaammppddaannii

    BBaannssbbeerriiaa

    RRiisshhrraa

    DDiirrgghhaannggii

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    Municipal Bodies

    Total 12 nos. municipal bodies are in this District, namely, Arambagh, Baidyabati, Bansberia,

    Bhadreswar, Champdani, Chendernagore, Hooghly-Chinsurah, Konnagar, Rishra, Serampore,

    Tarakeswar, and Uttarpara-Kotrang. Except Arambagh and Tarakeswar all these municipal

    bodies are situated within KMA and mostly nearer the river Hooghly. Together they cover an

    area of 152.88 sq. km. and have total municipal population strength of 13,54,163. They produce

    510.8MT of MSW per day excluding bio-medical wastes, generated by 100 nos. health care units

    (bed strength 3,542) and 177 nos. clinics and pathological units. Though, they have municipal

    dumping ground there are no facilities for scientific treatment/disposal of bio-medical waste. In

    this district, Serampore Municipality (established in 1865) done some appreciable works

    regarding their MSW management.

    Table I : Brief general information about the Municipal Bodies

    Name & Address of theMunicipality

    Phone/FAX No.Population

    in 1991Population

    in 2001

    Totalarea

    (in sq.km.)

    Populationdensity/sq. km.

    Municipalcategory

    Arambagh MunicipalityP.O.: Arambagh,Dist. : Hooghly

    953211 255030 /257467FAX: 953211255030

    45,211 56,129 34.75 1,615 Class II

    Baidyabati MunicipalityP.O.: Baidyabati

    Dist. : Hooghly

    2632 0443 / 360590,081 1,08,231 12.03 8,997 Class I

    Bansberia MunicipalityP.O.: BansberiaDist. : Hooghly

    2634 6324 / 6807FAX: 2634 6806

    93,520 1,04,453 9.06 11,524 Class I

    Bhadreswar Municipality35, G.T. RoadPO. BhadreswarDist. : Hooghly

    2633 5283 / 1020FAX: 2633 1020 72,474 1,05,944 8.28 12,795 Class I

    Champdani MunicipalityP.O.: ChampdaniDist. : Hooghly

    2632 3429FAX: 26326257

    1,01,067 1,03,232 6.50 15,882 Class I

    Chandernagar MunicipalCorporation

    Meripark, BarabazarP.O.: ChandernagarDist. : Hooghly

    2683 5097 / 6706 /

    2562FAX : 2683 5068 1,20,378 1,62,166 22.03 7,361 Class I

    Hooghly - ChinsurahMunicipalityP.O.: ChinsurahDist. : Hooghly

    2680 2319 / 3166 /2899 1,51,806 1,70,201 17.29 9,844 Class I

    Konnagar MunicipalityP.O.: Konnagar,Dist. : Hooghly

    2674 2123FAX: 2674 0210

    62,200 72,211 4.67 15,463 Class II

    Rishra Municipality49/56/57, Rabindra Sarani,P.O.: Rishra, Dist. : Hooghly

    2672 1373 / 2953FAX: 2672 0306

    1,06,649 1,13,259 6.76 16,747 Class I

    Serampore Municipality1, N.S. AvenueP.O.: SeramporeDist. : Hooghly

    2662 0310FAX: 2662 3651

    1,37,028 1,79,955 18.00 9,998 Class I

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    Name & Address of theMunicipality

    Phone/FAX No.Population

    in 1991Population

    in 2001

    Totalarea

    (in sq.km.)

    Populationdensity/sq. km.

    Municipalcategory

    Tarakeswar MunicipalityP.O.: Tarakeswar

    Dist. : Hooghly

    9112 276105 22,632 28,178 1.50 18,785 Class III

    Uttarpara - KotrangMunicipalityP.O.: UttarparaDist. : Hooghly

    2663 4095FAX: 2663 7298

    1,01,268 1,50,204 12.00 12,517 Class I

    Table II : MSW generation, collection status

    Name of theMunicipal

    Bodies

    Populationin 2001

    MSWGeneration /day

    (in MT)

    Per capitawaste

    generation

    (gms/day)

    MSWCollect

    ion /day

    (in MT)

    Collection

    efficiency

    (%)

    Totalno. ofwards

    Collection method

    Doorstep(no. of wardscovered and

    collectionschedule)

    Roadside(no. of wardscovered and

    collectionschedule)

    Arambagh 56,129 14.28 254.41 13.51 95 18 NIL All-Daily

    Baidyabati 1,08,231 15.26 140.99 7.50 49 22 NIL All-Daily

    Bansberia 1,04,453 46.00 440.39 42.00 91 22 NIL All-Daily

    Bhadreswar 1,05,944 22.26 210.11 22.00 99 20 18-Alternate Day 2-Alternate Day

    Champdani 1,03,232 45.00 435.91 35.00 78 22 1-Daily 21-Daily

    Chandernagore 1,62,166 68.00 419.32 55.89 82 33 7-Daily 26-Alternate Day

    Hooghly Chinsurah

    1,70,201 80.00 470.03 70.00 88 30 NIL All-Daily

    Konnagar 72,211 30.00 415.45 20.00 67 19 NIL All-Alternate Day

    Rishra 1,13,259 63.00 556.25 52.00 83 23 All-Alternate Day NIL

    Serampore 1,79,955 50.00 277.85 36.00 72 25 NIL All-Daily

    Tarakeswar 28,178 10.00 354.89 8.00 80 15 NIL All-Daily

    Uttarpara Kotrang

    1,50,204 67.00 446.06 60.00 90 24 14-Daily 10-Daily

    Table III : MSW transportation and disposal status

    Name of theMunicipality

    MSWGenerat

    ion /day(in MT)

    Collection of MSW Transportation ofMSW Disposal land

    TricycleHandcart

    TrailerNo. ofTruck

    No. ofTractor

    Existing landfor MSWdisposal

    New landidentified for

    MSW disposal

    Arambagh 14.28 NIL 12 03 NIL 03 - -

    Baidyabati 15.26 NIL 25 06 NIL 03 0.916 Acres -

    Bansberia 46.00 15 30 04 NIL 02 5.00 Acres 1.50 Acres

    Bhadreswar 22.26 60 NIL 03 NIL 03 6.00 Acres 3.00 Acres

    Champdani 45.00 27 01 05 NIL 01 3.00 Acres NIL

    Chandernagor 68.00 55 05 07 03 03 5.338 Acres -

    Hooghly Chinsurah

    80.00 50 NIL 09 01 03 6.50 Acres NIL

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    Name of theMunicipality

    MSWGenerat

    ion /day(in MT)

    Collection of MSWTransportation of

    MSWDisposal land

    TricycleHandcart

    TrailerNo. ofTruck

    No. ofTractor

    Existing landfor MSWdisposal

    New landidentified for

    MSW disposal

    Konnagar 30.00 19 NIL 04 NIL 02 - -

    Rishra 63.00 33 07 04 NIL 06 NIL 2.20 Acres

    Serampore 50.00 NIL 75 12 02 03 - -

    Tarakeswar 10.00 NIL 35 02 NIL 02 - -

    Uttarpara Kotrang

    67.00 41 15 08 02 03 1.83 Acres NIL

    Note: About 51 acres of land at Dirghangi, in Hooghly District identified for a common facility project(under JBIC) for MSWM for Serampore, Rishra, Konnagar, Uttarpara-Kotrang, Baidyabati andChampdani Municipality.

    Table IV : Health care units and bed capacity

    Name of theMunicipality

    No. ofClinic/Pathlabs.

    MunicipalHCU

    Govt.HCU

    Pvt.HCU

    TotalBed

    Per day BMWgeneration in MT(considering

    250gms/bed/day)

    Disposal Facility forBMW

    Arambagh 18 NIL 01 15 495 0.12No separate collection

    or disposal system

    Baidyabati 14 NIL NIL 04 20 0.005No separate collection

    or disposal system

    Bansberia 04 01 01 NIL 30 0.007No separate collection

    or disposal system

    Bhadreswar 05 01 NIL 05 65 0.016No separate collection

    or disposal system

    Champdani 08 01 01 01 109 0.027No separate collection

    or disposal systemChandernagore 26 01 02 14 678 0.17

    No separate collectionor disposal system

    Hooghly Chinsurah

    35 NIL 02 09 771 0.19No separate collection

    or disposal system

    Konnagar 06 01 NIL 01 58 0.014No separate collection

    or disposal system

    Rishra 11 01 01 06 259 0.065No separate collection

    or disposal system

    Serampore 20 NIL 03 09 636 0.16No separate collection

    or disposal system

    Tarakeswar 08 NIL 01 03 140 0.035No separate collection

    or disposal system

    Uttarpara Kotrang 22 NIL 01 10 424 0.11 No separate collectionor disposal system

    Note : Two CBMWTDF, one at Kalyani, in Nadia District and another at Howrah, operated by a privateoperator extended their facility for the health care units situated within Hooghly District.

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    District : HOWRAH

    Howrah, a small (total area 1,467 sq.km.) but important district has a total population strength of

    42,74,010 (in 2001 Census). One part of the Howrah district is fully engaged with industrial

    activities while other part is still dependent on agriculture and traditional craft works. Howrah city,

    the twin city of Kolkata, lies along the west bank of the Hooghly River and connected with

    Kolkata by Howrah Bridge(a spectacular engineering structure in British India). The city has a

    Century old Engineering College. Howrah has major Grand Trunk Road connections and has the

    eastern terminus of major rail lines traversing eastern, northern, and central India. Howrah's river

    port is lined with shipbuilding and repairing docks, and on the riverbank and elsewhere are other

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    industrial belt, like jute, cotton mills; metallurgical, chemicals Industries, etc. The tourist spot at

    Gadiara and Uluberia draws huge number of visitors during the winter months. More than 250

    years old banyan tree of Botanical Garden at Sibpur is the cynosure of visitors that flock.

    Municipal Bodies

    Total 3 nos. municipal bodies are in this District, namely, Howrah Municipal Corporation and

    Bally and Uluberia Municipality. Together they cover an area of 97sq. km. and have total

    municipal population strength of 14,72,374. The Howrah Municipal