Biomedical applications of molecular imagingTony LahoutteUMonsNov-Dec 2011

Course 1Part 1: Introduction and general principles

Biomedical ImagingRntgenHand of Anna Berthe1895

Biomedical ImagingRntgen22 dec 1895Hand of Anna Berthe

23 January 1896Hand of Albert von Klliker

Biomedical ImagingWeissleder and Pittet, Nature 2009

Biomedical Imaging1. Microscopy: In vitro samples or in vivo tissues2. Preclinical Imaging: In vivo imaging in animal models3. Clinical Imaging: Imaging in patients

Biomedical Imagingwww.mi-central.org

Biomedical ImagingAnatomical imaging: Organ and tissue morphologyPhysiologic Imaging: Organ and tissue functionMolecular Imaging: Molecules and cells

MolecularAnatomyPhysiologyCell

Molecular ImagingDefinition:Molecular imaging is the visualization, the characterization and the measurement of biological processes at the molecular and cellular levels in living systems

Anatomical MolecularHybrid Imaging

AnatomicalCT scanof a women

MolecularGlucosemolecules

PET-CT scanComputed Tomography or CT scanAnatomical

Positron Emission Tomography or PET scanMolecular

Anatomical + MolecularPET/CT fusion image

Anatomical

MolecularRadiolabeled antibody fragments that recognize cancer cells

SPECT-CT

Anatomical + MolecularSPECT/CT fusion image

AnatomicalMRI scan

Anatomical + Molecular

PET/MRI scannerCourtesy of University of Tbingen

FMT/MRIJ. Chen, JCI, 2009: Combined magnetic resonance and fluorescence imaging of the living mouse brain reveals glioma response to chemotherapyFluorescence Molecular Tomography/ Magnetic Resonance Imaging= FMT/MRIMRIFMT

FMT/CTFMT/CT fusion

Nature 2008;452:580-589

FMT scannerVisen

Imaging Near Infrared Fluorescence

Anatomical + MolecularPET/CTSPECT/CTPET/MRIFMT/MRIFMT/CT=Hybrid imaging

Physiological Imaging= Functional Imaging visualizing cardiac contraction Imaging blood perfusion ...

Planar and Tomographic ImagingPlanar = 2D projection

Tomographic = 3D volume

Planar and Tomographic ImagingGamma Camera

Planar and Tomographic ImagingPlanar = 2D projectionAnterior and posterior view of a planar bone scintigraphy

Planar and Tomographic ImagingTomographic = 3D volume

Static and Dynamic ImagingStatic image= 1 time interval

Dynamic image = multiple time intervals

Static and Dynamic ImagingStatic image = 1 time intervalStatic image of a radiolabeled antibody between 1-10 s after intravenous injection in a rat

Static and Dynamic ImagingDynamic image = multiple time intervalsDynamic image of a radiolabeled antibody between 1second and 10 min after intravenous injection in a rat. Every frame is 10 seconds

Special case of dynamic: Gated ImageGated image = images are synchronized with cardiac contraction or respiration

Special case of dynamic: Gated ImageGated image = images are synchronized with cardiac contraction or respiration

Static and Dynamic ImagingDifferent combinations are possible:

Static planar imageDynamic planar imageStatic tomographic imageDynamic tomographic image

Slicing and orientation

Slicing and orientationTransverseSagittalCoronalRRAALL

Slicing and orientationOrientation: we look from the feet to the headRL

Slicing and orientationOrientation: we look from the feet to the headRL

Slicing and orientationOrientation: we look from the feet to the headRL

Slicing and orientationOrientation: we look from the feet to the headRL

Slicing and orientationOrientation: we look from the feet to the headRL

Slicing and orientationOrientation: we look from the feet to the headRL

Slicing and orientationOrientation: we look from the feet to the headRL

End of part 1

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