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Ketrgduntkge Ngapgsktc a`tcrk`ms

Vrgpcrtkcs gj ` hkga`tcrk`m

A`tcrk`ms uscd ke hkgacdkn`m ngapgsktcs

Hkgmgokn`m rcspgesc Grtbgpcdkn `ppmkn`tkges

Dcet`m `ppmkn`tkges

^gjt!tkssuc `ppmkn`tkges

Nrktkn`m kssucs ^uaa`ry

Xcjcrcencs

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Agst bua`e tkssucs `rc ngapgsktcs- a`dc up gjdkjjcrcet ngestktucets%

A`e!a`dc ngapgsktcs n`e hc uscd tg a`icprgstbcscs `hmc tg akakn tbcsc hkgmgokn`m tkssucs%

Dkjjcrcet typcs gj ngapgsktcs tb`t `rc `mrc`dy keusc gr `rc hckeo kevcstko`tcd jgr v`rkgushkgacdkn`m `ppmkn`tkges `rc prcscetcd ke tbks

prglcnt%

^pcnkjkn `dv`et`ocs `ed nrktkn`m kssucs gj uskeongapgsktc hkga`tcrk`ms `rc `msg dcsnrkhcd%

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@ ngapgsktc a`tcrk`m ngesksts gj twg gragrc pbyskn`mmy `ed'gr nbcakn`mmy dkstkent-sukt`hmy `rr`eocd gr dkstrkhutcd a`tcrk`mswktb `e ketcrj`nc scp`r`tkeo tbca%

Kt b`s nb`r`ntcrkstkns tb`t `rc egt dcpkntcdhy `ey gj tbc ngapgecets ke ksgm`tkge-

tbcsc spcnkjkn nb`r`ntcrkstkns hckeo tbcpurpgsc gj ngahkekeo tbc a`tcrk`ms%

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Aust egt rc`nt wktb `ey tkssuc ke tbc hgdy% Aust hc hkgngap`tkhmc

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DKJJCXCET T[VC^ GJ A@TCXK@M^S^CD KE HKGACDKN@MNGAVG^KTC^

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@s tbc euahcr gj ngestktucet a`tcrk`ms ke `ngapgsktc kenrc`scs- sg dg tbc v`rk`tkges ke tbcbgst rcspgesc%

@ddktkge`m tcsts `rc ecncss`ry tg cst`hmksb tb`t

wbkmc tbc kedkvkdu`m a`tcrk`ms a`y hc hytbcascmvcs hkgngap`tkhmc- tbckr spcnkjknngapgsktkge- `rr`eocacet- `ed ketcr`ntkge `rc`msg hkgngap`tkhmc%

Tbus tbc p`rtknum`r ngahke`tkge ke ` ngapgsktca`y rcqukrc `ddktkge`m `pprgv`m hy tbc Jggd `edDruo @dakekstr`tkge "JD@+%

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Jgr kest`enc- SBA_VC- `s ke `e `nct`hum`r nup gj `

bkp prgstbcsks- ks ocecr`mmy hkgngap`tkhmc- wbcrc`skts jkhrgus jgra- `s ke ` jkecmy wgvce j`hrkn- b`s hccesbgwe tg prgdunc ` dkjjcrcet- agrc `dvcrsc rc`ntkge%

Jurtbcragrc- wbce tbc dksngetkeugus pb`sc ksp`rtknmcs- wbksicrs- gr pm`tcmcts wktb dkaceskges ge `ncmmum`r sn`mc- tbc kejm`aa`tgry rcspgesc n`e kenmudctbckr keocstkge hy kaauec ncmms `ed tr`espgrt tggtbcr p`rts gj tbc hgdy%

Tbks n`e hc `nngap`ekcd hy tbc rcmc`sc gj cezyacstb`t n`e `dvcrscmy `jjcnt tbc pcrjgra`enc gj tbcngapgsktc- sunb `s hy `mtcrkeo tbc dcor`d`tkgeikectkns gj ` hkgdcor`d`hmc ngapgsktc%

;

HKGMGOKN@M XC^VGE^C "nget%+

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Tbc ngapgsktc n`e hc dcskoecd ke sunb ` w`y

tb`t tbc jkhcrs gr p`rtknmcs `rc egt cxpgscd tgtbc bgst- hut tbks ks nb`mmceokeo hcn`usc ktkevgmvcs cmkake`tkge gj `mm vgkds `t tbc jkhcr!a`trkx gr p`rtknmc!a`trkx ketcrj`nc durkeoprgncsskeo%

Ke `ddktkge- jrkntkge ke ` agvkeo p`rt- sunb `ske grtbgpcdkn gr dcet`m ngapgsktcs- n`e n`usc`hr`skge gj tbc a`trkx `ed prgdunc ecw vgkds`t tbc ketcrj`nc- cxpgskeo tbc rckejgrnkeoa`tcrk`m tg tbc bgst%

06

HKGMGOKN@M XC^VGE^C "nget%+

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Tbc ketcr`ntkge gj a`tcrk`ms `t tbc ketcrj`nc ksketcor`m tg ngapgsktc pcrjgra`enc- `ed tbksn`e hc `jjcntcd hy tbc tkssuc rcspgesc kev`rkgus w`ys%

Jgr cx`apmc- jkmmkeo `ed swcmmkeo gj ketcrj`nk`mvgkds wktb jmukd `ed jkhrgus tkssuc n`e `mtcrtbc ketcrj`nk`m `dbcskge strceotb hctwcce

a`trkx `ed rckejgrncacet- `ed dcm`ake`tcm`ake`tc ngapgsktcs mc`dkeo tg j`kmurc gj tbcngapgsktc- p`rtknum`rmy ke struntur`m`ppmkn`tkges%

00

HKGMGOKN@M XC^VGE^C "nget%+

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0% GXTBGVCDKN

8% DCET@M

>% ^GJT!TK^^SC CEOKECCXKEO

08

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Ngapgsktc a`tcrk`ms b`vc jgued wkdc usc kegrtbgpcdkn `ppmkn`tkges!

0% ke hgec jkx`tkge pm`tcs

8% bkp lgket rcpm`ncacet

>% hgec ncacet- `ed

4% hgec or`jts

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Ngrtkn`m hgec Tkt`ekua

^tkjjecss !03 OV`

Tceskmc strceotb!;6AV`

^tkjjecss!006 OV` Tceskmc strceotb!266

AV`

Bcrc wc scc tb`t tbc v`mucs gj strceotb `ed stkjjecss `rc vcrybkob jgr ngevcetkge`m hkga`tcrk`m tkt`ekua% Tbks prgduncs`dvcrsc hgec rcagdcmkeo `ed strcss sbkcmdkeo- wbknb gvcr tbcmgeo tcra mc`ds tg rcduntkge ke hgec a`ss `ed kapm`etmggscekeo- spcnk`mmy ke tbc prgxka`m rcokge%

Jkhcr ngapgsktcs n`e hc t`kmgrcd tg a`tnb tbc spcnkjkn

acnb`ekn`m prgpcrtkcs gj tbc `dl`ncet hgec%

N`rhge!jkhcr ngapgsktcs ke VCCI gr pgmysumjgec a`trkncsn`e hc j`hrkn`tcd wktb stkjjecss ke tbc r`eoc 0 tg 0?6 OV` `edtceskmc strceotb jrga ?6 tg ;66 Ap`%

04

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Jgr jr`nturc jkx`tkge- ` jummy rcsgrh`hmc hgec pm`tc ks

dcskr`hmc tg `vgkd tbc eccd jgr ` scnged gpcr`tkge tgrcagvc tbc kapm`et `jtcr bc`mkeo%

Tbks ke tbc jgra gj ` t`kmgrcd mgw!stkjjecss ngapgsktc`msg `vgkds tbc prghmca gj strcss sbkcmdkeo dcsnrkhcdc`rmkcr%

Tbc r`tc gj dcor`d`tkge aust hc ngetrgmmcd tga`ket`ke tbc acnb`ekn`m prgpcrtkcs sunb tb`tstrceotb mgss ke tbc kapm`et akrrgrs strceotb kenrc`scke tbc bc`mkeo%

Cx`apmcs gj ngapgsktc hgec pm`tcs kenmudc m`ake`tcdngetkeugus n`rhge jkhcr ke ` pgmym`ntkdc "VM@+ a`trkx-wbknb ks p`rtk`mmy `dsgrh`hmc- `ed n`mnkua!pbgspb`tcom`ss jkhcrs `msg ke VM@- wbknb ks jummy rcsgrh`hmc%

03

GXTBGVCDKN "nget%+

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N`rhge jkhcr rckejgrncd

tbcragpm`stkn bkp prgstbcsks

_ktbbydrgxy`p`tktc

ng`tkeo

_ktbgut

bydrgxy`p`tktc

ng`tkeo

Ngevcetkge`m

tkt`ekua cqukv`mcet

0:

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Hgec ncacets uscd tg jkmm tbc vgkd `ed kaprgvc

`dbcskge hctwcce kapm`ets `ed tbc bgst hgectkssuc b`vc hcce rckejgrncd wktb v`rkgus jkhcrs tgprcvcet mggscekeo `ed ceb`enc sbc`r strceotb%

Tbc typkn`m hgec ncacet ks VAA@ pgwdcr akxcd

wktb ` actb`nrym`tc!typc agegacr tb`t kspgmyacrkzcd durkeo jkx`tkge%

Mgw vgmuac jr`ntkges gj or`pbktc- n`rhge- `ed

Icvm`r jkhcrs b`vc hcce `ddcd tg VAA@ a`trkncstg kenrc`sc j`tkouc mkjc `ed rcdunc nrccpdcjgra`tkge%

0?

GXTBGVCDKN "nget%+

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Ngapgsktcs b`vc hcce hy j`r tbc agstsunncssjum ke dcet`m `ppmkn`tkges hy acctkeoscvcr`m strkeocet dcskoe rcqukrcacetsdkjjknumt tg `nbkcvc wktb bgagocecgus

a`tcrk`ms sunb `s ncr`akns `ed act`m `mmgys%

@ppmkn`tkges % Tggtb rcpm`ncacet

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0;

@rtkjknk`m tggtb kapm`et

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Tbc ngapgsktc a`tcrk`m uscd ke dcet`m

`ppmkn`tkges aust

0% `cstbctkn`mmy a`tnb ke ngmgr `edtr`esmuncenc wktb gtbcr tcctb `ed rct`ke ktsomgss-

8% a`tnb tbc b`rdecss gj tbc gppgskeo tggtb-

>% hc rcskst`et tg wc`r gr j`tkouc jr`nturc-

4% wktbst`ed tbc m`rocmy v`rykeo tbcra`mstrcsscs ke tbc agutb-

3% b`vc ec`r!ect sb`pc%

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DCET@M "nget%+

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V`rtknum`tc ngapgsktcs uscd tg rcp`kr n`vktkcs

b`vc ` pgmyacr rcske a`trkx jkmmcd wktb stkjjkegro`ekn gr gro`ekn kenmuskges%

Tbc stkjj jkmmcr p`rtknmcs tb`t kenrc`sc strceotb`ed kap`rt wc`r rcskst`enc n`e hc om`ssncr`akns- n`mnkua skmkn`tc- n`mnkua jmugrkdc-nryst`mmkec qu`rtz- `ed skmknge ektrkdc

wbksicrs%

80

DCET@M "nget%+

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Tbcsc `rc usu`mmy skm`ec trc`tcd gr juscd wktbskmkn` p`rtknmcs tg kaprgvc rctcetkge ke tbca`trkx- cspcnk`mmy ke strcss!hc`rkeorcstgr`tkges `ed tg rcdunc w`tcr `hsgrptkge%

Tbc jkmmcr n`e hc jrga 36 pcrncet tg 26pcrncet hy vgmuac gj tbc ngapgsktc `ed b`vc

v`rykeo skzcs jrga 86 ea tg 36

a%

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Tbc ngapgsktc n`e hc a`ey tkacs b`rdcrtb`e tbc ce`acm gj tbc gppgskeo tcctb `edn`e tbus wc`r tbca gut%

Tbcy `rc ng`tcd wktb cktbcr `mi`mk`muakegskmkn`tc dcet`m pgrncm`kes gr n`mnkuapbgspb`tc ngapgsktcs tg rcdunc tbc surj`ncb`rdecss%

8>

DCET@M "nget%+

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Ke tbc `rc` gj v`snum`r or`jts- wgvce!jkhcr tuhcsa`dc jrga pgmycstcr "D`nrge+ b`vc bkob pcrac`hkmktydurkeo kapm`et`tkge- rcsumtkeo ke scvcrc hmggdmc`i`oc tbrguob tbc or`jt w`mms%

Tg `vgkd tbc mceotby prcnmgttkeo tkac eccdcd tggvcrngac tbks mc`i`oc prghmca- v`rkgus kapcrac`hmca`tcrk`ms `rc ng`tcd ge sunb or`jts tg jgra `ngapgsktc- wbcrc tbc a`trkx juentkges `s tbc sc`m`etr`tbcr tb`e tbc mg`d hc`rcr%

Jgr cx`apmc- `moke`tc `ed ocm`tke b`vc hcce uscd tgtbgrguobmy wct D`nrge jkhcrs `ed sc`m tbc v`snum`rprgstbcsks- `ed gvcr tkac tbcy `rc hkgdcor`dcd%

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@nbkcvc `ed a`ket`ke bgacgst`sks% Vgrgus%

Vcrac`hmc%

Oggd strunturc rctcetkge%

@dcqu`tc hurst strceotb% Bkob j`tkouc rcskst`enc%

Mgw tbrgahgocecnkty%

Oggd b`edmkeo prgpcrtkcs%

Hkgst`hmc%

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Z`snum`r or`jt

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0% Tbcrc `rc egt ceguob rcmk`hmc cxpcrkacetssuppgrtkeo tbc mgeo!tcra pcrjgra`enc gjngapgsktcs wktb rcspcnt tg tr`dktkge`m a`tcrk`ms-c%o% tbcrc `rc eg `dcqu`tc st`ed`rds jgr tbc`sscssacet gj ngapgsktcs j`tkouc pcrjgra`enc%

8% Tbcrc `rc eg s`tksj`ntgry st`ed`rds yct jgr tbctcstkeo gj tbc hkgngap`tkhkmkty gj ngapgsktckapm`ets%

>% Tbc `v`km`hmc j`hrkn`tkge actbgds a`y mkakt tbcpgsskhmc rckejgrncacet ngejkour`tkges- a`y hc tkacngesuakeo- cxpceskvc- bkobmy sikmmcd `ed a`yrcqukrc spcnk`m nmc`ekeo `ed stcrkmkz`tkge prgncsscs%

A`lgr nrktkn`m kssucs wbknb eccd jurtbcr

cxpcrkacet`tkge `ed rcsc`rnb!

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Ngapgsktc a`tcrk`ms `rc ` rcm`tkvcmy rcncet`ddktkge tg tbc nm`ss gj a`tcrk`ms uscd kestruntur`m ppmkn`tkges%

Ke tbc hkga`tcrk`ms jkcmd- tbc keorcss gjngapgsktcs b`s hcce cvce agrc rcncet%

Ke vkcw gj tbckr pgtcetk`m jgr bkobpcrjgra`enc- ngapgsktc a`tcrk`ms `rc mkicmytg jked kenrc`skeo usc `s hkga`tcrk`ms%

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0% N`rm O% ^kage Lr%- Nbct`e @% Ib`trk- ^ngtt @% _kobt- Jr`enks _%_`eo-Lgure`m gj Grtbgp`cdkn Xcsc`rnb- 8668%

8% Julkb`r` I%- Tcg I%- Ogp`m X%- Mgb V% M%- O`ecsb Z% I%-X`a`irksbe` ^%- Jggeo I% _% N%- Nbcw N% M%- Jkhrgus

ngapgsktc a`tcrk`ms ke dcetkstry `ed grtbgpcdkns< rcvkcw `ed`ppmkn`tkges- Ngapgsktcs ^nkcenc `ed Tcnbegmgoy- 8664%

>% A% A% ^nbw`rtz- Ngapgsktc A`tcrk`ms B`edhggi- 8d cd% Ecw[gri< AnOr`w!Bkmm- 0;;8%

4% H% D% X`tecr- Hkga`tcrk`ms ^nkcenc< @e Ketrgduntkge tgA`tcrk`ms ke Acdknkec% ^`e Dkcog< @n`dcakn Vrcss- 0;;:%

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