BIOMECHANICS of ANKLE JOINT_Presentation_By Biomedical Association of Students for Excellence(BASE)

7/27/2019 BIOMECHANICS of ANKLE JOINT_Presentation_By Biomedical Association of Students for Excellence(BASE)

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BIOMECHANICS OF ANKLE JOINT

Presented by:ASAD ALI SIYAL

(11BM28)

Department of Biomedical Engineering Mehran University of Engineering &Technology (MUET ),Sindh, Pakistan



Presentation Outlines

• Introduction• Ankle Anatomy•

Ankle Movements• Ankle Biomechanics• Ankle Angle-Geometry• Ankle Muscles• Ankle Goniometry• Ankle Injuries



INTRODUCTION



What is Ankle Joint?

• The ankle joint is a hinged synovial joint with primarilyup-and-down movement

• The ankle plays a significant role in enabling the body tomove in the sagittal plane over the weight-bearing foot

• It helps in initiating the next step in walking.

Anatomy of the lateral ankle ligamentous complex and related structures.



Characteristics

• One of the most important characteristic of the ankle is its abilityand capacity for frontal and transverse plane motion.

• It is critical.

• When we clinically observe movement of the heel relative to theleg, we interpret these motions with the knowledge that they

occur at a combination of the ankle and subtalar joint, not just thesubtalar joint.



ANKLE ANATOMY



Bone of the Foot

28 bones (26 +2)14 phalanges5 metatarsals7 tarsals

2 sesamoids



Bone Anatomy

• Ankle Mortise – Talus

• Trochlea• Anterior surface vs. Posterior surface

– Leg• Tibia• Fibula

– Remember Foot and Ankle areInterrelated

– Biomechanics of Foot, Ankle and Leg



Articulations and Ligament Support

• Talocrural Joint – Comprised of: – Talus acts as a wedge – Ligaments of the Lateral

Talocrural Joint• Anterior Talofibular



Articulations and Ligament Support

• Talocrural Joint – Comprised of: – Talus acts as a wedge – Ligaments of the Lateral

Talocrural Joint• Anterior Talofibular

• Sinus Tarsi



Bones, Muscles, Joints

Bones• Ankle: tarsals, tibia, fibula

Muscles:• Ankle: gastocnemius, soleus, tibialis anterior

Synovial JointsAnkle:• Plane (side to side and back and forth, some rotation)



Bones, Muscles, Joints

Subtalar joint:• Allows eversion / inversion• Hindfoot position locks and unlocks

the midfoot• 3 Facets• allows foot to navigate uneven surfaces• inversion (sole in) and eversion (sole out)• inversion with plantar flexion• eversion with dorsiflexion

Fig. Inversion during Plantar Flexion



ANKLE MOVEMENTS



Joint Movement

Dorsiflexion:• moving toes towards the shin

Plantarflexion:• pointing the toes

Dorsiflexion(“Raising the toes”)

Plantarflexion(“Point the toes”)



Joints of Ankle

Tibiofibular joint:• – Amphiarthrodial joint –Space in-between is

called the mortise

Talocrural joint or Ankle joint:• –Modifies hinge joint formed by the

tibia,lateral malleolus of the fibula, and thetalus



Joint Movement Muscle

Ankle dorsiflexion:• tibialis anterior

Ankle plantarflexion:• Gastrocnemius

Bony arrangement = stabilityLigaments play major role in stability



Tri-Plane Movements

• Supination – Inversion – Plantar flexion – Adduction

• Pronation – Eversion – Plantar flexion – Adduction



ANKLE BIOMECHANICS



Biomechanics

Ankle biomechanics• Axis of the ankle is oblique•

Movements therefore triplanar• Everts (valgus) and abduction during dorsiflexion• Inverts (varus) and adduction during plantarflexion



Biomechanics Governing Principles

• Newton’s laws of motion • Levers• Projectiles• Speed/height/angle of release• Stability (centre of gravity, base of support, line of gravity)• Force summation/timing• Transfer of momentum



Functions

Lower leg provides• –Support for the entire body• –Propulsion through space• – Adaptation to uneven terrain• – Absorption of shock



Biomechanics In Motion



Biomechanics Compressive Forces

Compressive Forces of the Foot(60 lb of load applied to the talus)



Biomechanics Body Weight Distribution(Barefoot standing)



Biomechanics In Action

Dorsiflexion

Plantarflexion AbductionInversion

Eversion Adduction



Biomechanics Facts

• Simple unidirectional forces can be involved in anankle injury resulting in ligamentous damage and

isolated fractures

• Multidirectional forces are usually involved makingdiagnosis a challenge



BIOMECHANICS ANGLE-GEOMETRY



Angle Of Release9 0

4 5

0

- 45

-9 0



ANKLE MUSCLES (Ligaments)



Ankle Ligaments

• Lateral •Medial



Lateral Ankle Ligaments

3 primary Lateral ankle ligaments:• –Anterior talofibular• –Posterior talofibular• –Calcaneofibular

- Support and maintenance of bone-apposition- Prevent inversion of the foot associated with plantar flexion



ANKLE GONIOMETRY



Goniometry Measurement

- Dorsiflexion:• 0 - 2 5 degrees

- Plantarflexion:• 0 - 5 0 degrees

- Normal gait requires 1 0 degrees of dorsiflexion and 2 0 degrees of plantarflexion with the knee fully extended



ANKLE INJURIES



Major Injuries

- The ankle is the most commonly injured weight bearing joint

• Medial complex injuries typically occur from eversion and

abduction

• Lateral complex injuries typically occur with inversion andsupination

• The most common ankle injury



Lateral View



Superior View

AP VIEW MORTISE VIEW



Any question ??



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BIOMECHANICS of ANKLE JOINT_Presentation_By Biomedical Association of Students for Excellence(BASE)

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