Crops for the Future (BiomassPLUS)

Small Scale Power Production for Rural Communities

Presented by: Chai Shuea Li

Table of Contents Content Page

Energy Poverty 3

Malaysian’s Rural Communities 4-5

Malaysia’s Biomass Power Potential 6

Biomass Conversion Technology 7-9

Biomass Crop Selection and Analysis 10-16

Pre-treatment 17

Gasification 18-22

Benefits 23

Q&A 24

2

Energy Poverty

� Lack of access to modern energy services

� Affects 1.3 billion people in the world

� Poor economic development

3

Malaysia’s Rural Communities

89%

4% 4% 3% H/hold Electrical Access

24 hours

< 24 hours

Self-owned Generator

No access

Adapted from: Department of Statistics, 2010

4

Why? � Low population density � Remote locations with unkind terrain

� Far from national electrical grids � Expensive and difficult to manage

5

Malaysia’s Biomass Power Potential

� Hot and humid throughout the year � Annual rainfall levels- ~2000mm �  Ideal for dense tropical growth and

agricultural vegetation � Palm oil industry generates 81.2Mt in 2012 � Biomass power potential -1300MW/year

6

Biomass Conversion Technology

Type of Biomass Conversion Process

Biochemical Thermochemical

7

Biomass Gasification

� Converts carbonaceous material (i.e. biomass) into useful gaseous products (syngas)

� Partial oxidation at high temperature (700-1000 °C)

� Gases produced : CH4 , CO2 , N2 , syngas �  Syngas : CO + H2

8

Why Gasification?

� Basic technology is proven � Flexibility in installation and operation

� Social and environmental benefits

9

Biomass Crop Selection

� Wide range of sources � General criteria:

1.  Abundance (pre-existing) or high dry matter yielding capability (dedicated crop)

2.  High calorific value 3.  Low moisture affinity 4.  Low ash content 5.  High volatile matter and fixed carbon

content

10

Project’s Biomass Crop

Napier Grass

Oil Palm Fronds

11

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Oil Palm Fronds

12

Proximate Analysis (% by weight basis)

Moisture Ash Volatile matter Fixed Carbon HHV (MJ/kg)

9.82 4.84 83.28 11.88 16.9989

6.30* 16.90* 49.70* 27.10* 21.5076*

10.4~ 1.3~ 70.4~ 17.9~ 11.29

Ultimate Analysis (% by weight basis)

Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen Nitrogen Sulphur

45.05 5.86 48.82 0.23 0.04

71.70* 5.70* 13.10* 1.8* 7.70*

48.52~ 6.39~ 44.78~ 0.25~ 0.26~

Coal

Coal

Sawdust

Adapted from: (1) * Scala,2014 and (2) ~ Kiu, 2013

Sawdust

TGA Analysis -OPF

13

TGA Analysis - OPF

14

Napier Grass

15

Proximate Analysis (% by weight basis)

Moisture Ash Volatile matter Fixed Carbon HHV (MJ/kg)

30.07 6.31 85.52 8.17 16.7284

7.72±0.14^ 8.34±0.17^ 74.78±0.98^ 9.15±0.93^ 18.31^

6.30* 16.90* 49.70* 27.10* 21.5076*

10.4~ 1.3~ 70.4~ 17.9~ 11.29

Ultimate Analysis (% by weight basis)

Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen Nitrogen Sulphur

45.096 5.94 48.52 0.45 0.00

38.94^ 4.80^ 47.75^ 0.73^ 0.08^

71.70* 5.70* 13.10* 1.8* 7.70*

48.52~ 6.39~ 44.78~ 0.25~ 0.26~

Coal

Coal

Sawdust

Sawdust

Adapted from: (1) Chuchottaworn & Aggarangsi, n.d. (2) * Scala,2014 and (3) ~ Kiu, 2013

Napier

Napier

TGA Analysis - Napier

16

What do we do with it?

17

Harvesting and Transportation

Chipping/chopping

Drying

(Grinding and Pelletising)

Storage

Biomass Gasifier (Fluidized Bed)

18

Key Advantages ü  Uniform product gas

and temperature distribution

ü  Accepts a wide range particle sizes

ü  HIGH rates of heat transfer between inert material, fuel, and gas

ü  HIGH conversion with low amounts of tar and unconverted carbon

ü  LOW maintenance

Syngas

Gen-set

Biomass

Operating Parameters �  Temperature (>700°C) �  Equivalence Ratio (ER)

19

Steps Involved in Gasification

20

1 •  Heating and Pyrolysis (devolatilisation)

2 •  Secondary Reaction of Volatile Matter

3 •  Char Gasification

Char gasification reactions

Water-gas reaction: C+ H2O + heat CO + H2

Boudouard reaction: C+ CO2 + heat 2CO

Methanation: C+ 2H2 CH4

Water-gas shift reaction: CO+ H2O CO + 3H2

21

Power Generation

�  Available biomass – Oil Palm Fronds (OPF) ◦  Total availability 200 dry tonne/year ◦  Operational hours 2400 hours / year (8 hours/day, 300 days)

�  Theoretical power generation for OPF ◦  Gasifier output 30kWh ◦  Higher heating value 16.9989 MJ/kg ◦  Required dried OPF per hour 6.35kg ◦  Power generated per day 240kW

22

Benefits • Rural electrification • Clean, renewable energy source • Improved environment, economy, social security • Sustainable future

23

ANY QUESTIONS?

24

THANK YOU!

25