Slide 1

EE-325 Assignment

Bio-mass Energy Programme in India

Submitted by :Rupesh Gupta 12 EEB 174 A3EE-24Waste quantities

As per (December 2007) estimates about 50 million tonnes of solid waste (1.48 lakh tonnes per day) and about 6000 million cubic meters of liquid waste is generated every year by urban population.

Potential

This translates into a potential of Municipal solid waste (MSW) or conversion of energy over the next decade is given below. The government aims to realize the available potential in MSW by 2017.

Year projected MSW potential for power generation(TPD) generation (MW)

2012 2150003650 2017 304000 5200 Sources

In addition to this a large quantity of solid and liquid waste is also generated in the industrial sector.Rapid industrialization has resulted in the generation of huge quantities of wastes, both solid and liquid in industrial sectors such as sugar, pulp and paper , fruit and food processing, sago/starch industry, distilleries, dairies, tanneries, slaughterhouses and poultries.

Issues

Most of the waste generated finds its way into rivers, ponds, low lying land, etc., without any treatment, resulting in odour, pollution of water and air as well as emission of greenhouse gases like methane and carbon dioxide.

Issues

Despite requirements for pollution control measures, these are generally dumped on land or discharged into water bodies , without adequate treatment. They thus become a large source of environmental pollution and health hazard. This problem can be mitigated through the adoption of effective waste management systems and waste to energy conversion technologies.

Solutions

Biomass conversion technologies not only lead to generation of substantial quantity of decentralized energy but also reduce the quantity of waste besides improving the quality of waste to meet the pollution control standards.It has been estimated that there is a potential for recovery of about 1300 MW of energy from industrial wastes.

Solutions

The estimated potential for recovery of energy/generation of power from solid and liquid wastes being generated in various industrial sectors is expected to increase to about 16 MW by 2012 and 2000 MW by the year 2017.

A waste-to-energy conversionPlant producing 5MW power and 75 tonnes per day biofertilizer from municipal Solid Waste of Lucknow citySource: MNES Annual Report

A High Rate bio-methanation plantFor starch industry waste water at Salem,Tamil NaduSource: MNES Annual ReportInitiatives

Several initiatives have been taken including the development of high rate Biomethanation and the National Programme on Energy recovery for urban and industrial wastes.39 projects aggregating to abut 59MW have been installed in the country so far in distilleries, pulp and paper mills, slaughterhouses, tanneries, starch industries, sea food processing and oil extraction industries. 8 projects of about 16 MW are under installation.

11Initiatives

India is a predominantly agricultural country.The potential in agro residues and plantation is estimated as 16,881 MW out of which 605.80 W has been realized.The baggasse-based cogeneration has an estimated potential of 5000 MW out of which 710.83 MW has been realized so far.A total of 95 MW power is being generated from non baggasse based plants.

Biomethanisation of slaughterhouseWaste at Al-Kabeer, Medak, APSource: MNES Annual Report

Initiatives

India has also launched blended petrol since 2003.The country currently imports about 70% of its crude requirements, worth Rs 78000crores per annum. Blending of ethanol will result in considerable savings in precious foreign exchange. Moreover the continuous requirement of ethanol will help the sustain the demand for the ethanol leading to higher sugarcane cultivation and increased income to sugarcane growing farmers.

Initiatives

Jatropha Curcas plantation has been taken up in different parts of the country. Its plantation has been carried out along the railways line between Delhi and Mumbai.Diesel locomotives are running with 15-20% blending of bio diesel in the mineral diesel.

Rural problems

Rural people depend mostly upon biomass fuels such as firewood, animal waste and crop residues for meeting cooking and heating energy requirements.These fuels are burnt in an inefficient manner in traditional chulhas, causing not only economic loss to nation but also posing serious health problems to people due to smoke. Rural problems

Not only is the present level of consumption of firewood considered unsustainable, but the burning of animal waste and agricultural residues deprives our soils of much need organic matter, adversely affecting soil health and agricultural productivity. Solutions to rural problems

Technologies have been developed indigenously to produce more efficient and clean fuel from biomass, through thermal gasification, wood and crop residue is converted to producer gas which can be burnt more efficiently. A total of 86.53 MW biogasifiers have been installed in the country so far.

Solutions to rural problems

Cattle dung and other organic wastes can be used through a biogas plant to obtain both fuel as well as fertilizer. Out of a target of 120Lakh biogas plants, 39.40 lakh family size cow dung/agro waste and 3902 community/institutional, night-soil based plants have been installed in the country.

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