Biomass Gasification & Biofuels 2 Generation at the ... · Biomass Gasification & Biofuels 2nd...

Biomass Gasification & Biofuels 2nd Generationat the University of SevillePresentation of activities

Pedro Ollero de Castro/Alberto Gómez BareaBioenergy Group University of Seville (BEGUS)oe e gy G oup U e s y o Se e ( GUS)

03th March 2011 Seville, Spain

BEGUS presentation, 3th March, 2011

Chemical and Environmental Engineering Department (DIQA): Lines of research(DIQA): Lines of research

GasificationWaste Management Eng.

(2000)

BIONERGY(BEGUS)

Chemical2ndG Biofuels

(2003)

(BEGUS)

DIQAChemical Process

Engineering

(2003)

CCSEngineering

W t d E i t l

– Desulphurization

– Gas filtering

Clean Coal Technologies

Water and Environmental Chemistry

Gas filtering


Bioenergy Group of the University of Seville (BEGUS)Seville (BEGUS)

• Foundation of BEGUS in 2000• Foundation of BEGUS in 2000 • Current staff

5 professors 6 PhD students 10 Msc students– 5 professors, 6 PhD students, 10 Msc students

• Initially focused on biomass gasification in FBConstruction of an 150 kWt bubble fluidized bed gasifierConstruction of an 150 kWt bubble fluidized bed gasifier10-years experience with a variety of fuels

• Olive stone, wood pellets, MBM, DSS, MSW,Olive stone, wood pellets, MBM, DSS, MSW,

Basic aspects of FB gasification: devolatilization and char conversionDesign of an 3 MWth FB gasifier (2006)New concept of gasification

BEGUS presentation, 3th March, 2011 BEGUS presentation

150 kWth BFB Gasifier

3 MWth demonstration plant (Seville)

BIOMASS TO LIQUID FUELS

2ndG BIOFUEL production

RENEW Project with ABENGOA BIOENERGYRENEW Project with ABENGOA BIOENERGY

Main objective: to develop a thermochemical route to ethanol based on biomass gasification and catalytic synthesis.

Consolidation of two new lines of work:Consolidation of two new lines of work:

Evaluation and optimization of catalysts for ethanol synthesis

Conceptual design, simulation and techno-economical assessment of BTL and BTG processes (thermochemical route)



CATALYSTS FOR ETHANOL SYNTHESIS

MAIN GOAL: To develop new catalysts with higher productivity

Collaboration with other groups specialized in catalysisCollaboration with other groups specialized in catalysis

Evaluation in our lab of improved Rh and MoS2 based catalysts

Testing at different conditions (P, T and syngas composition) of proprietary catalysts at micro (1g) and bench scale (30-100g) for p op eta y cata ysts at c o ( g) a d be c sca e (30 00g) ooptimum operation

Development of kinetic models for use in ASPEN plus simulationsDevelopment of kinetic models for use in ASPEN plus simulations

ACHIEVEMENT: slight productivity improvement (10%) but insufficient to


make the BTL process profitable


HYDROCARBONYLATION OF DME

Process simulations based on published kinetic data show higher ethanol production


p g p


SYNTHESIS, ANALYSIS AND TECHNO-ECONOMICAL EVALUATION OF THERMOCHEMICAL BTL(G)EVALUATION OF THERMOCHEMICAL BTL(G)

PROCESSESThe following procedure is followed when assessing a thermochemical routeThe following procedure is followed when assessing a thermochemical route

Laboratory feedback (catalyst performance)

Vendor quotes

Conceptual Process Economic

(catalyst performance) quotes

design simulation evaluation

Literature

Let’s see an example


Let s see an example


(Rh) (S Mo)

1) Conceptual design

Biomass

Dust

H2O

Fast Pyrolysis Gasification Quench Candle Filter Sour WGS

(Rh)

Scrubber

H2O

NH3

Selexol

(S2Mo)

ZnO bed

H S

O2

H SAsh

Alkalis3

NH4ClH2S H2S

H2O O2 MeOH H2OLights

ZnO bedATR

(Rh)

H2SStabilizer

Combined Cycle

EtOHPrOHDehydration Distillation

Columns ButOH

(S2Mo) H2OLights MeOH

ReactorSelexol Flash G-L

(Rh)

Stabilizer

EtOHPrOHDehydration Distillation

Columns ButOH(Rh)

CO2 H2S H2O

Example: General flowsheet of process for ethanol production via thermochemical conversion of biomass by entrained flow gasification (S2Mo or Rh based synthesis


catalyst)

BIOMASS TO LIQUIDS

2) Process simulation 3) Economic evaluation

M&E balance results

Aspen Plus flowsheet Integrated economic Excel spreadsheet

Internal Rate of Return (IRR)Net Present Value (NPV)

Excel spreadsheet


Net Present Value (NPV)Minimum Selling Price (MESP)


ASSESSED BTL AND BTG PROCESSES

Ethanol Processes :

-Direct synthesis (Rh and MoS2 catalyst)

-Direct syntheis via syngas fermentation

-Indirect synthesis (hydrocarbonylation of DME)y ( y y )

-Other BTL and BTG processes:

- Synthetic Natural Gas (SNG) - Bio-olefines (MTO)Synthetic Natural Gas (SNG) Bio olefines (MTO)

- Methanol - Bio-gasoline (MTG)

DME Diesel F T


- DME - Diesel F-T

Gasification of biomass and wastes

– 12-years experience– Focused on:

• Understanding the processf– Lab studies to measure fuel conversion behavior

– Pilot scale studies– Modeling of the process: mechanisms particle conversion andModeling of the process: mechanisms, particle conversion and

reactor simulation (own codes for simulation, CFD, Aspen)

• Scaling and demonstration– Atmospheric Fluidized Bed Gasification

• Conventional design: reactor + (hard) gas cleaning• Innovative design: Optimized reactor + soft gas cleaning• Innovative design: Optimized reactor + soft gas cleaning

– Balance of the activity: 2 M €, 2 lab FB (kW), 3 pilot plants (dozens of kW), 3 demonstration (MW) plants, more than 50


( ), ( ) p ,international publications, 2 M

BEGUS developments in FB gasification

1. Conventional FBG– Adaptation to difficult wastes (DSS, MSW, MBM, SRF, RDF, plastics)

– Optimization of atmospheric (air) FBG by using enriched-air/steam

FB ifi ti ( l d ith b t )– FB oxygasification (coupled with an oxycombustor)

• 3 MWth FBG under construction in León (Spain). In operation bySep 2011 (Owned by Inerco-CIUDEN).

– Steam-oxygen FBG

• 2 MWth under construction by INERCO for a customer in Spain)

– Tar cleaning by scrubbing

• 500 kW slipstream in 3MWth FB gasifier (Seville)

2. Innovative FBG design: for low tar and high char conversion (Fletgas)


( etgas)

Plants of BEGUS on Biomass gasificationon Biomass gasification

Main lab and pilot rigs:• Main lab and pilot rigs:– TGA and other lab devices

2 kWth l b l t (2004)– 2 kWth lab plant (2004)– 100 kWth pilot plant (2000)– HTP gas cleaning filtration unit (2006)

• Demonstration plants: • 3 MWth in Seville (2006 (heat)-2010 (electricity))• 3 MWth in Burgos (Ciuden) (2010)3 MWth in Burgos (Ciuden) (2010)• 2 MWth in Navarra (CENER) (2011)


2 kWth bench-scale FBGth


Pilot plants

PGCF plantPGCF plant100 kW100 kW BFB G ifiBFB G ifiBEGUS presentation, 3th March, 2011

PGCF plant PGCF plant 100 kW100 kWthth BFB GasifierBFB Gasifier

3 MWth demo plant (Seville)Part A: Heat applications (2006)Part A: Heat applications (2006)


3 MWth demo plant (Seville)Part B: Gas cleaning (2010)Part B: Gas cleaning (2010)


Gas cleaning by scrubbing: concept

500 kW li t500 kWth slipstream connected to 3 MWth

gasifiergasifier


3 3 MWthMWth plantplant forfor COCO22/O/O22 gasificationgasification (CIUDEN, (CIUDEN, BurgosBurgos SpainSpain) (2011)) (2011)Burgos, Burgos, SpainSpain) (2011)) (2011)


Innovative design (FLETGAS)

• Flexible design in three stages with the advantages of fl idi ed and fi ed bed designsfluidized and fixed bed designs:– Improvement of char conversion

Tar conversion inside the gasifier– Tar conversion inside the gasifier

• Focused on:ll/ di l di t ib t d d ti– small/medium scale: distributed power production

– Flexible enough to process contaminated wastes


Basis of the new concept: Flexible Three Stage Gasifier (FLETGAS)Flexible Three-Stage Gasifier (FLETGAS)

Biomass

2 N t l ti2 N t l ti

1 BFB gasifier1 BFB gasifier

2. Non catalytic 2. Non catalytic reformerreformer

1. BFB gasifier1. BFB gasifier

3. Chemical 3. Chemical quenchquench


Challenges of Fletgas

Fluid dynamics:– Fluid-dynamics: • optimization of movement of solids and gas

– Adjustment of process conditions t h h d t i• to enhance char and tar conversion: Understanding the process:

Yields of tars gas and char under various conditions– Yields of tars, gas and char under various conditions– Conversion of tars: generation + reforming– Role of steam (high temperature)( g p )– Role of char as catalyst for secondary conversion of tar


Fuel conversion investigation:Type of fuel conversion testsType of fuel conversion tests

• Under various conditions, tracking:M t

wDSS

M t

wDSS

– yields of char, tar and gas during devolatilization:

– primary and secondary conversion of tars

MeasurementsCO (t), CO2(t)MeasurementsCO (t), CO2(t)

– primary and secondary conversion of tars– Char conversion with CO2/steam at different

conditionsTbedTbed

– Char as catalyst for different tars

N2-CO2, N2-H2O N2-CO2, N2-H2O


2 2, 2 22 2, 2 2

Fluid-dynamics: Cold model

6 7

V

2

3

35

81 R

48


Modeling works for Fletgas development

– Fluid-dynamics model– Particle conversion model: devolatilization and char

conversionG h d l f f i Ki ti f t– Gas-phase model for reforming: Kinetics of tar conversionReactor models:– Reactor models:• Simple reactor model of the process with the kinetics

from literature design of pilot plant (under g p p (construction)

• Advanced reactor model with our own kinetics (only DSS is available up to know) optimization

– CFD simulation for design of detailed equipment:


• Homogeneous reformer: design of air/steam injection

Contact /further information

Equipments, project and capalilities of BEGUS in our web:http://www.grupobioenergia.comhttp://www.grupobioenergia.com

Much more information on FBG models in:Gómez-Barea A.. Leckner B. Modeling of biomass gasification in

fluidized bed. Progr. En. Comb. Sc. 2010, 36 (4), pp. 444-509

Personal contact:[email protected]

[email protected]


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