Biomass Energy Road Map

8/3/2019 Biomass Energy Road Map

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The Road Map of ChineseBiomass Energy Development

Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion,

Chinese Academy of Sciences

Prof. Chuangzhi Wu, Prof. Haibin LI



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1. Biomass resources in China

2. Status of Biomass EnergyUtilization

3. Targets of R&D

4. Technology Road Maps



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Significance of Biomass Energy in China

Increase the supply of clean energy

Promote rural economy

Improve environment protection

& sustainable development



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Energy crops and plants industry are not established!

Straw from agriculture

650 Mton, 50% can beused as energy,

210 MTCE

Forest industry andtimber work waste:

270Mton, 30% can beused as energy, 50MTCE

Biogas from livestockexcreta and waste water100MTCE

Municipal solid waste155 Mton, about 25MTCE

Biomass EnergyPotential:

385 MTCE

1.Biomass resources in China



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1.1 Agricultural waste

The amount of straw that can be utilized as modernenergy increased by 1~2% every year.

60% of the total amount can be used as energy.

After 2030, about 400~500 mil. tons of straw canbe used as energy, 200~300 M TCE.

The consumption of straw for different

purposes(2004)

Unit: million tons

Total546

Consumption Potential as fuel

Returnto soil Feedstuff

Papermaking

290

Burned asfuel The rest

82 153 21 152 138

Power generation is the most efficient technologybefore the maturation of liquefaction




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1.2 Forestry residues

125 million tons

71.66 M TCE

Logging and timber processing

77.60M tons44.23 MTCE

Firewood

48.13 M tons27.43 M TCE

The preferential option for forestry residues

should be raw materials for industries,then be used as fuel




1.3 Livestock excreta It is estimated that by the year of 2010 and 2020, the

excreta yield will be 2.5 and 4billion tons.

The collectable resource will be 180 and 290 M TCE

Complex composition and high water content

Low energy utilization Efficiency

Environmental protection requirement




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1.4 Industrial organic wastes

50 billion m3 biogas can be produced fromfood processing wastes– 35 MTCE

1.5 Municipal solid waste

MSW production increased by 8% each year.More than 80% of the total was treated bylandfill.

Average calorific value of MSW : 4~5 MJ/kg

According to the data of 2004 (150 M tons)—25 M TCE.

If 10% used for energy—2.5 M TCE




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1.5 Waste Vegetable Oil & Tallow

Waste oil and fat

1 million tons/year

Cottonseed Oil

1 million tons /year of cottonseedoil can be collected for biodiesel

production

1.6 million tons of cottonseed oil

9 million tons of cottonseed

4.86 million tons /year cottonproduction

Biodiesel: 2 million tons/year




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1.6 Energy crops

Marginal Land Availability in China

32-75 million ha.

Set-aside land:7.34~9.37

million ha.

Energy crops

Cropland not in use in wintertime:-8.66 million ha.

Set aside woodland:

- 16~57 million ha.

Woody cropsExisting oil plant forest

3.43 million ha.

Biodiesel resource




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Estimation: Energy crops

production

Set-aside land

7.34~9.37

million ha.

Oil

plant

Cropland not in use in wintertime

-8.66 million ha.

9.53 MTCE/yr


Energy Crops Production Ethanol equivalence PotentialProductivity (ton/ha) (ton/ha) (MTCE/yr)

Sweetsorghum

40%

60-80(haulm)3-5(grain)

4-6 18.35

Sweetpotato 20%

15-20 2-3 3.67

Cassava20%

20-30 4-6 7.34

Sugar cane10%

60-70 4-6 3.67

Total 33.03



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Estimation: Woody crops

Woody oil plant

4.1 million ha.

.Woody crops

8.9 million ha.

2010: 800 thousand ha. of woody oil plant

2020: 13 million ha. of woody plant, 54 million tons dry material

35 million TCE/yr

6.7 million tons of biodiesel




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Biomass resource potential evaluation: MTCE Item 2006 2010 2020 2030 2050

Existing biomass resource 500 500 500 500 500

Utilized 220 200 180 150 100

Available 280 300 320 350 400

Increment of biomass resource 0 30 230 470 580

Agriculture and forest industy 20 140 300 400

Energy crops 10 40 70 80

Marginal land planting 0 50 100 100

Total 500 530 730 970 1080

Practically Available 280 330 550 820 980




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a. Waste material

Large amount-cleanenergy

b. Energy crops Scale-up

c. Non-edible speciesFood security-Marginal land for

production

The potential biomass development capacity:

about 1 billion TCE

Types of Biomass Fundamentals

Marginal land development-

Protect existing cropland,forest and grassland

Development of energy cropagriculture and energy forestindustry-enlarge the supply of

biomass resource

Priority:Resource utilization and

environmental protection




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APower generation

BLiquid fuel

C

Gas fuel

D

Pelletized fuel

Types of

Biomass Energy

Utilization

2. Status of Biomass Energy Utilization



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Characteristics of Biomass utilization:About 14% of the primary energy consumption inthe world:

Outside China:

Power generation>Fuel ethanol>Biodiesel>Industrial biogas In China:

Household biogas>Fuel ethanol>others including powergeneration

The motivation differences:

Developed countries: CO2 emission reduction, environmentalprotection;

Developing countries: Energy supplements, promoteagriculture development




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Market competition force

High subsidy

technologies

Low subsidytechnologies

Stage II

Stage I Stage IV

Stage III

Biodiesel from oilplants

Bioethanol fromsugar and starch P

r o f i t a b l e

p o i n t

Biodiesel fromwaste oil

Pelleting

Biogas

H2 from biomass

Bioethanol fromcellulose Synfuel from

gasification

Gsification power generation

Direct combustionpower generation

Polygenerationutilization

CHP Engineering demonstration

New technologiesneed to be explored

Advancedtechnologies



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There stages of biomass utilization technology:

Commercialized technologies:

High subsidy technologies: Biodiesel from oil plants, bioethanol fromsugar and starch

Low subsidy technologies: Biogas, pelleting, direct combustion powergeneration

Engineering demonstration

Fuel ethanol from cellulose, gasification power generation, synfuel fromgasification, direct liquefaction, combined cooling-heating-powergeneration(CHP);

Technologies under development

Algae utilization, biosynthesis, H2 from biomass

Technologies need to be explored

Polygeneration, et al.




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The trend of biomass energy utilization

Fuel ethanol

20102020

Pelleting

Biogas

Combustionpower

generation

Indirectliquefaction

Gasificationpower

generation

Biodiesel fromplant oil

Bioethanol fromcellulose

Directliquefaction

H2 from biomass

E n g i n e e r i n g

d e m o n s t r a t i o n

I n d u s t r y

d e m o n s t r a t i o n

C o m m e r c i a l i z a t

i o n



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Trend of biomass power generation

Developments of different kinds of technologyCHP and comprehensive utilization

Small to medium scale and stand alone power

system


At present, power generation is still the maintechnology for biomass waste utilization



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Factors affect the generation capacity

Factors Directcombustion

Gasification Remarks

Generation eff. >25MW >6MW Part of 12MW direct combustion

can also use high parameter

generation system

Biomass cost <10MW <10MW <60,000ton/yr

Investment&

management

>6MW >3MW

6MW-10MW, the bigger the better;

The capacity for direct combustion: 6-12MW

The capacity for gasification(BIGCC): 4-12MW;



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Resourcecultivation andexploitation

Promote the

development of

liquid fuel-

substitution of fossil fuel

Clean fuel for rural area :

Fuel gas and solid fuel

Power generation,

comprehensiveutilization

Basic principles for the energy utilization of biomass

3.Targets of R&D in China



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In the near future(2010):

Biomass power generation: 600MW

Biomass liquid fuel: 2 million ton/yr

3~5% of agriculture and forestry waste can be used

Mid-term target(2020)




Mid-term target(2030)




3.Targets of R&D



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Component

separation

Non-edible

oil & fat

Hydrolysis

Pretreatment

Fermentation

Esterify

Pyrolysis &

catalytic

cracking

Gasification

Product

separation

Refining

Heat & Power

Liquid fuel

Chemicals

CH4/H2

Power

Synthesis

Combustion

Residue

Separation

Microbe

Gas fuel

Non-edible

sugar and

starch

Cellulose

Summary of technologies

4.Technology Road Maps

High moisture

content biomass



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Ethene

Aceticacid

Heat/Power

SiO2

Fertilize

Technologies for bio-conversion

Feedingstuff

traw &sugarcrops

Ethanol

Butanol……

H2

CH4

S e p a

r a t i o n &

C o n c e n t r a t i n g

C o m b u s t i o n

Residue

Celluloseenzyme

Residue

Drying

Bacteriareconstruction

Micro-algae S

y n c h r o

f e r m e n t a t i o n




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Road Map for Biomass Bio-Conversion

DemonstrationPilot scale IndustrializationExplorationNearly zero

emission

Large scale

application

L a r g e s c a l e h i g h - g r a d e

c l e a n f u e l a p p l i c a t i o n

Pretreatment

Residuecombustion tech

Cellulosefermentation fuelethanol 3000t/Y

Cellulose ethanol10000t/Y

SiO2 from ash Coupled Vaporizedtech.

Solid statefermation

Large scaleapplication

Cellulose enzymesolid state

fermentation

2005 2010 2015 2020

Bench scale H2from micro-algae

H2 from micro-algae:demonstration

Genetic tech. forbacteria

cultivatio

Large scalebio-gas

application

Coupled tech. forCH4/H2 production

100M3 CH4/H2Demonstration

Continuousfermentation for

biogas

Large scale biogas10000M3




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Pyrolysisliquefaction

Catalytic de-oxygen

liquefaction

Bio-oil

Fuelgas

Separation Chemicals

Chemicalmodulation

Boiler Fuel

Catalyticsynthesis

Combustion

Diesel

Gasoline

Heat &Power

Methanol

Technologies for solid biomass thermal-chemical conversion

Fractionation

DME

CH4Gasification

H2

Syngas

Reforming

Refining

Vehicle fuel




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Road Map for biomass thermal chemical conversion

Advancedgasificaiton

Gas refinery

Demonstration>3000t/a

Indirect liquefation

>10000t/a

Pilot scale

1000t/a

Syngas synthesis

>3000t/a

2007 2010 2015 2020

Industrialization ofBIGCC

BIGCC Large scale application

CO2 richsynthesis

Pilot scale1000t/a

1000t/aSelectivity

liquefaction

Bio-oil separation& refinery 1000t/a

3000t/aDirect liquefaction

>10000t/a

200t/a



emission

Large scale

application

L a r g e s c a l e

b i o m a s s e n e r g

y a p p l i c a t i o n



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L i p i d

a b s t r a c t i o n

Feedingstuf

Glycol…

…

O i l p l a n t

& a l g a e

High value

conversion

Esterification

acetone

Chemicals Enzyme

Catalyst

Fertilizer

High valueconversion Medicine

……

Technologies for biodiesel

BiodieselLipid

Residue

Glycerin




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Continuousreaction

Residue highvalue conversion

Pilot plant 3000t/Y 30000t/Y

Medicine componentabstraction

Pilot scalecomprehensive

utilization

500t/Y Large scalepolygenerationprocess

Glycerin high valueconversion

2005 2010 2015 2020

Magnetism nano-catalytic reaction

Road Map for Biodiesel



emission

Large scale

application

L a r g e s c a l e h i g h g r a d e l i q

u i d f u e l

a p p l i c a t i o n



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