BiologyUnit 4 – Continuity and Change

Outcome 2

Key Knowledge areas

• geological time: scale; relative and actual dating techniques; • evidence of evolution: fossil record, biogeography, comparative anatomy; molecular evidence; • patterns of evolution: divergent, convergent; allopatric speciation, extinction;

Abundance of online resources for Biological Evolution herehttp://learningscience.org/lsc3cevolution.htm

Start thinking on geological timescale

• Cockroaches have been around for 280,000,000 years• Been in existence before dinosaurs (250-65MYA)

Geological time scale

Race track analogyGeological time scale

A brief history of lifehttp://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/evolution/brief-history-life.html

Graphic organizer

‘Relative’ knowl- ‘AGE’ of key area

• Organizer represents relative ages of rock.

• Earliest key knowledge recorded in lowest layer ‘C’ first

• Fill up organizer as more knowledge is stacked on top.

• ‘E’ - Could include a ‘fault’ fact in a lesson prompting students to spot the faulteg. …Humans caused the extinction of the dinosaurs…

Geological time scale

WAIT! Where is the hook……

• HOLIDAY PHOTOS!!!!

YouTube video• Symphony of Science – World of the Dinosaur (Annoying)

Mega fauna video• Enormous beasts that were once in our back yard

Key knowledge area – Relative and Absolute dating techniques

Relative• Rock layers ‘Strata’

inferring older layers are found in deeper sediment

• Graphic organizer example

Absolute• Uses radiometric

means.• Dating elements in

minerals of rocks• Releasing energy

(radioactive decay)• Each radioactive atom

has a half life

Geological time scale

Commonly used isotopes

Parent

Uranium 238Uranium 235Potassium 40Rubidium

Daughter

Lead 206Lead 207Argon 40Strontium

Half life

4,510 m.y713 m.y1,300 m.y47,000 m.y

Carbon 14 used for fossils containing organic matter up to 40,000 years old.Daughter state is Nitrogen 14Carbon 14 half life is 5,730

Geological time scale

http://www.neok12.com/php/watch.php?v=zX0051590058424f5e647a63&t=Fossils

Watch in class or

‘Flipped’ classroom

Geological time scale

Play a game…• Half Life

• • or……

Half Life Radioactive Dating Game

• Includes questionnaire

Geological time scale

Geological time scale

Geographic time scale

Relative dating

Radioactive dating - isotopes - half life -decay

Next key knowledge area –

‘evidence of evolution’

• Fossils - Discuss formation of fossils

’Fossilator App’ Using real fossils from a fossil kit, use the app to investigate ancestral organisms by distinguished features

Further in the unit –Hominid evolution and comparative anatomyhttp://www.eskeletons.org/

Geographic time scale

Relative dating

Radioactive dating - isotopes - half life -decay

Evidence for evolution- fossil records-comparative anatomy/biochemistry

Convergent evolutionDivergent evolution

Allopatric speciation

Formation of fossils