Biology: the science of life What is life? Freaky sea-vent worms.
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Transcript of Biology: the science of life What is life? Freaky sea-vent worms.
![Page 1: Biology: the science of life What is life? Freaky sea-vent worms.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062518/56649ebb5503460f94bc3f75/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Biology: the science of life
What is life?
Freaky sea-vent worms
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Growth and replication
aluminum potassium sulfatecrystallization
What’s missing?
nucleation =
replication?
prions?computer algorithms
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EvolutionThree keys: reproduction, variation, selection
Improved
replicator
Improved
replicator
Neutralvariant
replicator
Life:Reproduction +
evolution
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•Encapsulation and individuality
•Reproduction
•Energy and material processing(metabolism)
•Information storage
•Environmental response
Implementing life (physics + chemistry)
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Life elsewhere?
•Liquid solvent (water)
•Mars, Europa, Titan (methane and ethane)
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Our one data point: Life on Earth
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Common descent
You are here
Genetic and morphological evidence are consistent with
all life on Earth sharing common ancestry
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History of life on Earth
Microscopic life dominatesthe history of Earth.
Humans arose very recently (roughly 200,000
years ago).Do this as in-class
exercise
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Scales in biology
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Tobacco mosaic virus
3x10-7 m in length, 1.8x10-8 m in width~7x10-20 kg in mass
~6.4x103 bases in genome (single-strand RNA)
Have them
adding scales
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Escherichia coli
prokaryotic: no cell nucleus~3x10-6 m in length~7x10-16 kg in mass
~5x106 base pairs in genome
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Saccharomyces cerevisiae
eukaryotic: cell nucleus~5x10-6 m in diameter
~6x10-14 kg in mass~5x106 base pairs in genome
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Arabidopsis thaliana
multi-cellular plant~0.2 m in height
~1.2x108 base pairs in genome
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Drosophila melanogaster
multi-cellular insect~3x10-7 kg in mass (dry)
~1.2x108 base pairs in genome
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Mus musculus
multi-cellular~3.5x10-2 kg in mass
~3.4x109 base pairs in genome
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HeLa cell
human immortal cell line~25x10-6 m in diameter
~3.1x109 base pairs in genome
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Exercise: How many cells in your body?
Exercise: How many bacterial cells in your gut?
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Homework
How far apart are proteins in E coli?
How long (physically) is the human genome?How does that compare to the size of a typical cell?
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Darwin: First Notebook on Transmutation of Species (1837)