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(1.)Biology Skills Set ACT PREP. Biology Skills Set ACT PREP. Mr. Hunter, Hyde Park AcademyMr. Hunter, Hyde Park Academy03/08/201003/08/2010

http://www.mrhunterspage.blogspot.comhttp://www.mrhunterspage.blogspot.com

Mr. HunterBiology

• Objective• SWBAT• Understand basic scientific terminology in

relation to data presentation.• Distinguish between three types of graphs of

data.• Understand the relationship of metric unit

conversions

Variables -DataVariables -Data (information being examined) (information being examined)

There are different types of variables in scienceThere are different types of variables in scienceA.A. QuantitativeQuantitative data: information that can be data: information that can be

discretely counted (measured). Ex: discretely counted (measured). Ex: numbers, quantities, or amountsnumbers, quantities, or amounts

B.B. QualitativeQualitative data: information that data: information that cannotcannot be directly measured. Ex: colors, moods, be directly measured. Ex: colors, moods, shapes etc.shapes etc.

C.C. Independent variablesIndependent variables: That information : That information which is subject to change in an experiment which is subject to change in an experiment – they are values that you can manipulate. – they are values that you can manipulate. Ex: pH values, temperatures, additive Ex: pH values, temperatures, additive amounts, etc. amounts, etc. (x-axis)(x-axis)

D.D. Dependent variablesDependent variables: That information : That information which is measured in an experiment. Ex: which is measured in an experiment. Ex: distance, rates, number of items etc. distance, rates, number of items etc. It is It is the observed result of the independent the observed result of the independent variable being manipulated. variable being manipulated. (y-axis)(y-axis)

Graphical RepresentationGraphical Representation

Data-variables can be displayed graphically Data-variables can be displayed graphically

A.A. A A line graph line graph gives information among gives information among discrete data points. One can determine if discrete data points. One can determine if relationships (correlations) exist among the relationships (correlations) exist among the data. Lines constructed should be of data. Lines constructed should be of “the “the best fit” best fit” to the data. Line graphs are to the data. Line graphs are very very common common in scientific research.in scientific research.

B.B. Bar graphs Bar graphs give information related to give information related to quantities (amounts) – proportional values quantities (amounts) – proportional values taken over a period of time or different taken over a period of time or different conditions – conditions – usually for small data setsusually for small data sets

C.C. A A pie chart pie chart gives information on percentage gives information on percentage (%) relationships. Pie graphs are(%) relationships. Pie graphs are not not normally used for scientific data analysis.normally used for scientific data analysis.

Units and ConversionsUnits and Conversions

Units of MeasurementsUnits of MeasurementsA.A. WeightWeight: measured in : measured in grams (g)grams (g)B.B. LiquidsLiquids: measured in : measured in liters (L)liters (L)C.C. Length Length measured in measured in Meters (m)Meters (m)D.D. TimeTime: measured in : measured in seconds (s)seconds (s)Simple Conversions and prefixesSimple Conversions and prefixes• Deci: 1/10 0.1Deci: 1/10 0.1• Centi: 1/100 .01Centi: 1/100 .01• Mili: 1/1000 .001Mili: 1/1000 .001• Micro: 1/1000000 .000001Micro: 1/1000000 .000001• Nano: 1/1000000000 .000000001Nano: 1/1000000000 .000000001• Deca: 10Deca: 10• Hecto: 100Hecto: 100• Kilo: 1000Kilo: 1000• Mega: 1000000Mega: 1000000

Metric ConversionsMetric Conversions

KKing ing HHenry enry DDoesn’t oesn’t UUsually sually DDrink rink CChocolate hocolate MMilkilk

K = Kilo Ex: 12.54km = x cm =1K = Kilo Ex: 12.54km = x cm =1254000cm 254000cm H = HectoH = HectoD = DecaD = DecaU = Units Ex: 458ml = x hl = U = Units Ex: 458ml = x hl = .00458 hl.00458 hlD = DeciD = DeciC = CentiC = CentiM = Mili Ex: 10dg = x Kg = M = Mili Ex: 10dg = x Kg = .0010 Kg.0010 Kg

Conversion ofConversion of FFahrenheitahrenheit to to CCelsiuselsius::25(F) = (25-32) * 5 / 925(F) = (25-32) * 5 / 9CCelsiuselsius to to FFahrenheitahrenheit45(C) = (45 * 9 ) / 5 + 3245(C) = (45 * 9 ) / 5 + 32

Practice Problems KKing ing HHenry enry DDoesn’t oesn’t UUsually sually DDrink rink CChocolate hocolate MMilkilk1. 1000 ml = ______ L

2. 500 ml = ______ L

3. 4.4km = ________ cm

4. 25dg = _________ Kg

5. 45HL = __________ ml

Practice Problems Solutions KKing ing HHenry enry DDoesn’t oesn’t UUsually sually DDrink rink CChocolate hocolate MMilkilk

1. 1000 ml = __1.0____ L

2. 500 ml = __.500____ L

3. 4.4km = __440,000______ cm

4. 25dg = _.0025________ Kg

5. 45HL = ____4,500,000______ ml

Graduated Cylinders, Graduated Cylinders, Flasks and BeakersFlasks and Beakers

Tools of the TradeTools of the Trade

A.A. Graduated cylinders, flasks or Graduated cylinders, flasks or beakers are used to measure beakers are used to measure amounts of liquid.amounts of liquid.

B.B. The units forThe units for volume volume are are measured in liters.measured in liters.

C.C. To read the measured amounts of To read the measured amounts of volume locate the volume locate the meniscusmeniscus of the of the liquid. Match the bottom portion liquid. Match the bottom portion of the of the meniscusmeniscus with the marked with the marked measurements on the beaker or measurements on the beaker or the flask to determine the amount the flask to determine the amount of liquid.of liquid.

ScalesScales (Triple Beam Balances) (Triple Beam Balances)

Tools of The TradeTools of The Trade

A.A. The scale can be used to measure The scale can be used to measure how heavy an object is.how heavy an object is.

B.B. The unit of weight is the gram.The unit of weight is the gram.C.C. To determine the weight of an To determine the weight of an

object on a triple beam balance, object on a triple beam balance, move the individual sliding scale move the individual sliding scale weights (masses) until the balance weights (masses) until the balance mark is level.mark is level.

D.D. Add the total masses of the sliding Add the total masses of the sliding scale weights to determine the total scale weights to determine the total weight of the object.weight of the object.

Rulers (Meter Sticks)Tools of The TradeTools of The Trade

A.A. The meter stick or ruler can be The meter stick or ruler can be used to measure the lengths of used to measure the lengths of objects.objects.

B.B. The unit of length is the meter The unit of length is the meter (M) – which can be denoted in (M) – which can be denoted in smaller or larger increments smaller or larger increments depending upon the size of the depending upon the size of the object being measured.object being measured.