BIOLOGY MODUL-REPRODUCTION
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Transcript of BIOLOGY MODUL-REPRODUCTION
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BIOLOGY MODULE 2007
REPRODUCTION AND GROWTH
Question 1
Figure 1
Figure 1 shows the regulation of specific hormones towards the development in the
ovary.
a. i. Based on Figure 1, state hormone X (1m)
___________________________________________________________
ii. State the role of hormone X.(1m)
__________________________________________________________
b. In Figure 1, draw the change that occurs to structure T on the 26th day. (1m)
__________________________________________________________
c. Identify hormone P and Q (2m)
_________________________________________________________
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Question 2
Figure 2
Figure 2 shows the reproductive structures of different organism.
a. Based on Figure 2, label X and Y in space provided.(2m)
b. State the organism that produced A and B.(2m)
_________________________________________________________
c. Describe what happens to nuclei P and Q before fertilization takes place. (2m)
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
d. Explain the roles played by X and Y in ensuring that fertilisation takes place (2m)
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
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Question 3
Figure 3
Figure 3 shows the process of sperm formation in the mammalian testis.
a .i. State P and Q (2m)
P: ___________________________
Q:___________________________
ii. Give reasons why cells Q and R are genetically identical. (2m)
____________________________________________________________
iii. Name two ways how cell division leads to cell S and T being genetically
different. (2m)
____________________________________________________________
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Question 4
Figure 4
Figure 4 shows the process of ovum formation in the mammalian ovary.
a. i. State the structures labelled L, M and N (3m)
L : _______________________
M: _______________________
N: _______________________
ii. State the hormone involved in the formation of follicle and explain the role of it
(2m)
__________________________________________________________________
b. The menstrual cycle involves four type of hormones. Name the hormones. (2m)
___________________________________________________________________
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c. Describe how structure N produces progesterone. (2m)
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
Question 5
Figure 5
Figure 5 shows certain events that take place in the ovary and Fallopian tube.
a. i. Name the process labelled P (1m)
______________________________________________________________
ii. State the type of cell division takes place at Q. !m)
______________________________________________________________
b.i. Name the structure labelled R.(1m)
______________________________________________________________
ii. Describe its function during pregnancy. (2m)
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
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c..i. On Figure 5, label the region where fertilization takes place with F letter. (1m)
ii. Predict what will happen if two ova released during ovulation and are fertilised.
(2m)
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
Question 6.
Figure 1 below shows the process of fertilization in an embryo sac. P are carried in the
pollen tube to the embryo sac. P are carried in the pollen tube to the embryo sac.
(a) (i) What are P?_____________________________________________________________________
__
(1m)(ii) How are P formed?
___________________________________________________________________
_____(1m)
(b) State whether the chromosomal number of P is haploid or diploid
___________________________________________________________________
_____(1m)
(c) What are X, Y and Z?
X:_____________________________________________________________________
Y:__________________________________________________________________
____
Z:______________________________________________________________________
(3m)
(d) How do P enter the embryo sac?
____________________________________________________________________
____(1m)
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(e) (i) Explain what happens after P enter the embryo sac.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___
________________________________________________________________________
(3m)
(ii) Name this process._____________________________________________________________________
___
_____________________________________________________________________
___(1m)
Question 7.
Figure below shows a pollen that was removed from the stigma after being there for awhile
(a) (i) What process is experienced by the pollen?
________________________________________________________________________ (1m)
(ii) Name structure X.
_______________________________________________________________________
_
(1m)
(iii) Draw all nuclei on the pollen in figure 2 and label them.
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(2m)
(b) (i) Draw the development and growth of structure X up to the embryo sac, in thefigure below.
(ii) Name the process that occurs when structure X reaches the plants embryo sac.
________________________________________________________________________
(1m)
(c) (i) Explain how the process in (b) (ii) occurs.__________________________________________________________________
______
__________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
______
________________________________________________________________________
(2m)
(ii) What are the products obtained from this process?
1.
________________________________________________________________________
2.
_______________________________________________________________________
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_
(2m)
(d) At the end of the process in (b)(ii), what happens to the
(i) Ovary?
________________________________________________________________________
(1m)
(ii) Integument?
_______________________________________________________________________
_
(1m)
(iii) Ovule?
_______________________________________________________________________
_
(1m)
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BIOLOGY MODULE 2007
LEARNING AREA : REPRODUCTION AND GROWTH
Activity 1. Complete the table below.
Comparison between the formation of sperm and ova.
A.
B.
DIFFERENCES SPERMATOGENESIS OOGENESIS1. Gametes produced i. ii.
2. Place of formation iii. iv.
3. Size of gametes v. vi.
4. Number of gametes
produced
vii. viii.
5. Cytokinesis Equal distribution of Unequal
Spermatogenesis
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Oogenesis
Similarities
1. Location : _______________________
2. Process involve: __________________
3. Products : _________________________
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cytoplasm in all four sperm
cells produced6. Shape of gametes ix. x.
7. Germinal epithelial cells Divide by mitosis
throughout adult
Divide by mitosis during
foetal stage
8. Meiotic division xi.
Activitiy 2. Complete the table below
Comparison between identical twins and fracternal twins
DIFFERENCES IDENTICAL TWINS FRACTERNAL TWINSa. Fertilisation 1. 2.
b. Genetic constitution 3. 4
c. Number of placentae 5. 6.
d. Sex 7. 8.
e. Physical characteristics 9. 10.
Activity 3 : Complete the text below
i. Both identical twins and fracternal twins grow by the process of
_______________.
ii. The embryos formed are there result of ______________________ between
an ovum and a sperm.
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Answer Scheme for Reproduction & Growth
A. Structured questions
NO. ANSWERS MARKS NOTES
1a.i. FSH / Follicle stimulus hormone 1
ii To stimulate the formation of follicle in
ovary
1
b Refer to the figure, student should be
able to draw it smaller on 26th day
1
c. i. P: estrogen
Q: progesteron
1
12.a. X: tail of sperm
Y: pollen tube
1
1
b A is produced by testis
B is produced by an anther
1
1
c P / generation tube divides by mitosis to
form two female gametes nuclei
Q / nucleus tube disintegrates
1
1
3a.i. P : germinal primordium cell
Q: spermatogonium
1
1ii. Both of them are formed as a result of
mitosis
1
iii Crossing over
Mutation
1
14.a.i. L: primary follicle
M: secondary oocyte
N: corpus luteum
1
1
1
ii FSH / Follicle stimulating hormone
causes the Graafian follicles to develop
in the ovary
1
b Oestrogen
Progesteron
LH / Luteinising hormone
FSH / Follicle stimulating hormone
1
1
1
1
c -on day 13 and 14 the LH levels peak 1
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-this stimulates ovulation and
development of N / corpus luteum to
produce progesteron
1
5.a. i Ovulation 1
ii Mitosis
b.i. Corpus luteum 1
ii -R / Corpus luteum produces
progesterone
- to maintain the uterus lining
1
1c.i. Refer to Figure 5. F is marked where
the fertilization take place
1
ii -two ova will be fertilized by two sperms
-two fracternal twins / non-identical
twins are formed
1
1
Activity 1
A.1. Reproductive organs
A.2. Meiosis
A.3. Haploid gametes
DIFFERENCES SPERMATOGENESIS OOGENESIS
1. Gametes produced i. Sperms ii.Ovum
2. Place of formation iii. Testis iv.Ovary
3. Size of gametes v. Small vi. Large
4. Number of gametes
produced
vii. Four viii. One
5. Cytokinesis Equal distribution of Unequal
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cytoplasm in all four sperm
cells produced6. Shape of gametes ix. Has a head and tail x. Round
7. Germinal epithelial cells Divide by mitosis
throughout adult
Divide by mitosis during
foetal stage
8. Meiotic division xi. Occurs continuously Not occurs continously
6 (a) (i) the male gamete nuclei(ii) P are formed when the generative nucleus divides by mitosis
(b) Haploid
(c) X: synergid cellsY: polar nuclei
Z: antipodal cells
(d) P penetrate the ovule through the micropyle(e) (i) One male gamete fuses with the egg cell nucleus to form a diploid
zygote. The other male gamete nucleus fuses with the two polar nuclei to forma
triploid nucleus
(ii) Double fertilisation
7 (a) (i) pollination
(ii) pollen tube
(iii)
(b) (i)
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(ii) double fertilasation
(c) (i) After entering the embryo sac, the tube nucleus at the end of the pollen
tube degrades. One of the male nucleus combines with the egg cell to produce adiploid zygote. The other male nucleus will combine with the polar nucleus to
form triploid nucleus
(ii) 1. The diploid zygote becomes an embryo
2. The triploid zygote becomes an endosperm
(d) (i) Becomes the fruit
(ii) Becomes the testa (fruit skin)(iii) Becomes the seed
Activity 2.
DIFFERENCES IDENTICAL TWINS FRACTERNAL TWINS
a. Fertilisation 1.One ova is fertilized by
one sperm
2.Two ova are fertilized by
a sperm
b. Genetic constitution 3. Same genetic
constitution
4. Different constitution
c. Number of placentae 5. One 6. Two
d. Sex 7. Same 8. Same / different
e. Physical characteristics 9. Same physical
characteristic
10. Different
Activity 3
i. mitosis
ii. fertilisation
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