BIOLOGY Form 5 Chapter 1 Transport

7/22/2019 BIOLOGY Form 5 Chapter 1 Transport

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Ongptjr 7=Qrgbsphrt 3;71

Lhauij Cehihdy Qregi pgpjr ohiijotehb

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Qrgbs`jr tnj eb`hrlgtehb `rhl tnj tjxt gchvj ebth tnj drgpneo hrdgbezjr cjihw.

Oerouigthry systjl

@esn

OihsjaHpjb

EbsjotsAhucij

oerouigthrysystjl

ohbsests h`

jxglpij

jxglpij

CerasNulgb Glpnecegbs

_ebdij

oerouigthrysystjl

CihhaNjgrt Cihha vjssji

ohbsests h`

Ojiiuigr ohlphbjbts[igslg

lgaj up h`

ohbsests h`

Sja cihha ojii [igtjijtsTnetj cihha ojii


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Tretj tnj ohrrjot ojii auj th ets ùbotehb.

Ojiiuigr ohlphbjbt @ubotehb

Jrytnrhoytjs (rja cihha ojii)Ohbtgebs ngjlhdihceb th ogrry hxydjb gba ogrchb

aehxeaj

Ijuohoytjs

(wnetj cihha ojii)

Drgbuigr

Bjutrhpnei[ngdhoytjs wneon jbdui` gba aedjst cgotjreg gba ajga

ojiis

Jhsebhpnei Sjijgsjs jbzylj tngt ohlcgt ebìgllgtehb eb giijrdeo

rjgotehbs.

Feiis pgrgseteo whrls.

Cgshpnei Ohlcgts ebìgllgtehb eb giijrdeo rjgotehbs.

Gdrgbuigr

Iylpnhoytj

[rhauojs tnj ellubj rjsphbsj gdgebst `hrjedb

sucstgbojs.

Lhbhoytj[ngdhoytjs wneon jbdui` gba aedjst cgotjreg gba ajga

ojiis

[igtjijts Ebvhivja eb tnj prhojss h` cihha oihttebd.

Ohlpgreshb cjtwjjb grtjrejs, ogpeiigrejs gba vjebs. @eii eb tnj chx wetn ohrrjot gbswjr.

Cihha vjssjis Grtjrejs Ogpeiigrejs Pjebs

@ubotehb

Ogrry hxydjbgtja cihha

(jxojpt `hr tnj puilhbgry

grtjry) gwgy `rhl tnj

njgrt

Giihw rgpea dgsjhus

jxongbdj, butrejbts, wgstj gba

nhrlhbjs cjtwjjb tnj cihha

gba ojiis

Ogrry ajhxydjbgtja

cihha (jxojpt `hr tnj

puilhbgry vjeb)

thwgras tnj njgrt

Qnj tneofbjss h`

tnj wgiiQneof Qnebbjst (hbj-ojii tneof) Qnebbjr

Pgivjs

Bh vgivjs, jxojpt

sjleiubgr vgivjs eb tnj

ghrtg gba puilhbgry

grtjry

Bh vgivjsNgvj vgivjs th prjvjbt

cgofìhw h` cihha

Qnj sezj h` iuljb _lgii _lgiijst Igrdj


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Ohlpijtj tnj igcji h` tnj struoturj h` tnj nulgb njgrt.

Gspjot Lgrfebd sonjlj Lgrfs

Igcjiebd Igcji tnj aegdrgl /Bglj cihha vjssji G gba C ([hpuigr Wujstehb)

Bglj grtjry ^

Ohrhbgry grtjry 7 7

Argwebd sfeii Argw g sjrejs h` grrhw th snhw tnj ihw h` hxydjbgtja cihha ebth tnj njgrt gba hut h`tnj njgrt

_nhwebd ohrrjot grrhws

7 7

Aegdrgl snhws rednt seaj h` g nuglb njgrt

Ohlpijtj tnj njrt struoturj eb tnj aegdrgl

7 7

Qnj wgii h` ij`t vjbtreoij

Ceouspea vgivj

Qreouspea vgivj

Onhrag tjbaebgj

_jle-iubgr vgivj

C=[uilhbgry vjeb_upjrehr vjbg ogvg

GhrtgG=[uilhbgry grtjry

Sednt gtreul

Ij`t gtreul

_jptul


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Grrgbdjljbt _tgtj tnj ìhw h` cihha `hrl vjbg ogvg th ghrtg

Pjbg ogvg rednt gtreul rednt vjbtreoij puilhbgry grtjry

iubds puilhbgry vjeb ij`t gtreul ij`t vjbtreoijghrtg 3 3

@ubotehb Tngt es tnj ùboethb h` struoturj gba U (vgivj)

Qh prjvjbt tnj cgofìhw h` cihha hrl vjbtreoij th gtreg //th jburj tngt tnj cihha ihws

eb hbj aerjotehb hbiy 7 7

Ae``jrjboj _tgtj tnj ae``jrjboj cjtwjjb tnj wgiis h` tnj ij`t vjbtreoij gba rednt vjbtreoij=

Qnj wgiis h` ij`t vjbtreoij es tneofjr tngb tnj rednt vjbtreoij 7 7

Cihha vjssji G ngs nednjr prjssurj tnjb vjssji C

Jxpigeb wny 3

@-Ohbtrgotehb h` vjbtreoij/njgrtJ7-Djbjrgtjs g (nedn) prjssurj

J3-(th) prhpji/`hroj/pulp tnj cihha ìhw `rhl tjn njgrt /vjbtreoij th vjssji G Gby 3

7

7

7 3

Tny es tnj wgii h` ij`t vjbtreoij tneofjr gba lhrj lusouigr tngb rednt vjbtreoij8

Cjogusj tnj ij`t vjbtreoij ngs th pulp tnj cihha th gii pgrt h` tnj chay wneij tnj rednt

vjbtreoij hbiy ngs th pulp tnj cihha th tnj iubds 7 7

Jxpigeb tnj elphrtgboj h` tnj ae``jrjboj eb (c)(e)

(tnj wgii h` ij`t vjbtreoij es tneofjr gba lhrj lusouigr)

[7-Qh wetn stgba tnj nedn prjssurj

[3-th pulp cihha hut h` tnj njgrt h gii pgrt h` tnj chay

7

7 3

[rjaeot(J``jot)

Jxpigeb wngt weii ngpjjb es vgivj (sjle-iubgr vgivj) ahjs bht ùbotehb prhpjriy

@-cihha ogbbht prjvjbt `rhl ìhwebd cgofwgra ebth ij`t vjbtreoij

J-Nedn cihha prjssurj ogbbht cj lgebtegbja eb tnj ij`t vjbtrreoij

7

7

3

Jxpigeb tnj j``jot ogusja cy tnj cihofgdj eb grtjry ^ 3

[7-Out tnj suppiy h` H3/Butrejbt th tnj njgrt gttgof/lyhograegi Sjmjot= Njgrt

prhcijl

7 7


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Ograego

lusoij

7.3 Qnj oerouigthry systjl nulgbs

Njgrt es gb j``jotevj pulp tngt lgaj up lhstiy cy strhbd lusoij

Bglj tnj typj h` lusoij tngt cueia tnes hrdgbOgraego lusoij 7 7

Qnj ohbtrgotehb h` ograego lusoij bjja bht th cj steluigtja cy bjrvj elpuisjs

Jxpigeb tnj gchvj stgtjljbt

Qnj ograego lusoij es lyhdjbeo /et ohbtrgot gba rjigxja cy tnjlsijvj7 7

Qnj lusoij tnt cueia tnj njgrt s lyhdjbeo.Tngt se ljgbebd h` lyhdjbeo87

Lusoij tngt ohbtrgot gba rjigvs wetnhut tnj bjja th rjojevj elpuisjs `hrl tnj bjrvhus

systjl

7 7

[ulpebd

h` njgrt

Aegdrgl 7;.: snhws g nulgb njgrt.

Bglj tnj struoturj ]

_ebhgtregi bhaj7 7

_tgtj tnj ubotehb h` ]

Ebetegtjs gba ohhraebgtjs tnj ohbtrgotehb h` tnj njgrt 7 7

Jxpigeb nhw tnj sjqujboj h` jvjbts tngt tgfjs pigoj g`tjr ] es ebetegtja lgebtgeb tnj

njgrtcjgt

[7. Qnj _G bhaj gs tnj pgojlgfjr djbjrgtjs jijotreogi elpuisjs.

[3. Qnj jijotreogi elpuisjs sprjga rgpeaiy hvjr tnj wgiis h` chtn gtreg, ogusebd tnj gtreg thohbtrgot seluitgbjhusiy. Qnj ohbtrgotehb h` tnj gtreg njips pusn cihha ebth tnj vjbtreoijs.

[?. Qnj jijotreogi elpuisjs sprjga th tnj vjbtreoijs ogusebd tnjl th ohbtgot gba pusn

cihha hut th tnj iubds gba chay

[1. Qnj jijotreogi elpuisjs rjgon tnj GP bhaj. Cubaij h` Nes `ecrjs, cubaij crgbonjs gba[urfebmj ecrjs ohbauot tnj elpuisjs th tnj gpjx h` tnj njgrt

7

7

7

7 ?

Qnj pgojlgfjr h` g pgtejbts njgrt `geis th `ubotehb. Gb jijotrhbeo pgojlgfjr es usja th

Sjpigoj tnj hredebgi pgojlgfjr. Jxpigeb nhw tnj jijotrhbeo pgojlgfjr whrfs.

[7 - Jijotrhbeo pgojlgfjr whrf gs sebh-gtregi bhaj (_GB)

[3 - Et djbjrgtjs g wgvj h` jxoetgthry elpuisjs

[? - sprjga th gtreg, ogusebd tnj njgrt th ohbtrgot seluitgbjhusiy.

7

7

7 ?Jxpigeb wngt weii ngppjb th g pjrshb e` tnj pgojlgfjr (sebhgtregi bhaj)es elpgerja1

@7-Ijss bjrvj elpuisj grj djbjrgtja `hrl _G bhaj th tnj wgiis h` gtreg

J7-Ohbtrgotehb h` gtreg grj wjgfjb ogusebd ijss cihha th jbtjr tnj vjbtreoijs

@3-Ijss bjrvj elpuisj grj sjbt th tnj GP bhaj

J3-Qnus ohbtrgotehb h` vjbtreoijs es wjgfjr ogusebd ijss cihha th c pulp hut h` tnj njgrt

7

7

7

7 1

[uilhbgry vjeb

Ij`t gtreul

Ihogtehb h`

[gojlgfjr


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Qnj rjduigthry ljongbesl h cihha prjssurj


Fbhwijadj Aegdrgl snhws g pgrt h` oerouigthry systjl eb nulgb

Tngt ngppjb th tnj cihha prjssurj gs tnj cihha ìhw `rhl [ th W

Cihha prjssurj eborjgsj 7 7

Gagptgtehb Jxpigeb wny es elphrtgbt `hr [ th ngvj tneof wgii

@-wetnstgba nedn prjssurj h` cihha

J7-(tneof wgii)ngvj lusoij tngt ogb ohbtrgot gba rjigx

J3-Ohbtrhi cihha ih(th ojii goohrsebd th tnj chays bjja)

Jxpigeb nhw bjgrcy lusoij gt W prjvjbt tnj cgof ìhw h` cihha

@-Bjgrcy lusoij ohbtrgot gba rjigx//bjgrcy lusoij squjjzj tnj vjeb

J-[usn cihha cgof thwgra jtn njgrt

7

7

7

7

7

7 3

Jxpigeb nhw tnj struoturj h` ogpeiigrejs giihw sucstgbojs th pgs `hrl tnjl th tnj

surrhubaebd j`èoejbtiy

@7-tnj wgiis h` ogpeiigrejs grj hbiy hbj ojii tneof

J7-_ucstgbojs ah bht ngvj vjry `gr th ae`ùsj tnrhudn tnjl

J3-Eborjgsj Q_ hr ae`ùsehb th hoour

7

7

7 ?

Htnjr Hur bhrlgi cihha prjssurj es 73;/>;, Nd. Jxpigeb wngt es tnj ljgsurjljbt rjprjsjbt8 1

@7-73;=rj`jrs systhieo prjssurj

J7-(pjgf h` prjssurj)tngt ohbtrgotebd vjbtreoijs

@3->; rj`jrs th aegsthieo prjssurj

J3-( tnj ihwjst grtjrehij cihha prjssurj )wnjb vjbtreoij ogrj rjigxebd

7

7

7

7 3

Ograehvgsouigr sesjgsj es g aesjsjg tngt rjigtja th njgrt gba cihha vjssji

.Lhrj pjhpij aej `hrl tnes aesjgsj tnjb ogbojr hvjr tnj pgst ?; yjgrs

Cgsja hb yhur cehihdeogi fbhwijadj, nhw tnes aesjgsj ogb cj prjvjbtja8

[7-Ah rjduigr jxjroesj

[3-Jgt `hha tngt igof h` iepeas/onhijstjrhis gby 3[

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7 3


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Qnj rjduigthry ljongbesl h cihha prjssurj

Gspjot Lgrfebd _onjlj

Oretjreg Tnjb cihha ìhws tnrhudn g vjssji, et jxjrts prjssurj gdgebst tnj wgiis h` tnj

cihha vjssji. Qnes prjssurj es ogiija cihha prjssurj. Jxpigeb nhw cihha prjssurjes lgebtgebja gt bhrlgi ijvji. 7;

O7= Ajèbetehb h` cihha prjssurj

O3= Bglj h` tnj ljongbesl

O?= Ograehvgsouigr ojbtrj

O1 = Qnj rjsphbsjs - e` eborjgsjs / ajorjgsjs

@7= Cihha prjssurj es tnj

`hroj tngt arevjs cihha

tnrhudn grtjrejs gba

ogpeiigrejs

[7.7= nednjr prjssurj eb tnj systhij / ohbtrgotehb stgdj

[7.3= ihwjr prjssurj eb aegsthij / rjigxgtehb stgdj

@3= Sjduigtja cy bjdgtevj

`jjacgof ljongbesl

[3.7= Cgrhrjojpthrs hr prjssurj rjojpthrs ihogtja eb tnj gron h` ghrtg gba grtjrejs

[3.3= ogrhtea grtjrejs, ajtjot cihha prjssurj ìhwebd tnrhudn tnjl

[3.?= th tnj ograehvgsouigr ojbtrj eb tnj ljauiig hcihbdgtg

@?= E` cihha prjssurj

eborjgsjs

[?.7= cgrhrjojpthrs sjba elpuisjs th tnj ograehvgsouigr ojbtrj gt g `gstjr rgtj

[?.3 sjbas bjrvj elpuisjs th tnj njgrt

[?.? rjsuits eb g wjgfjr ograego lusoij ohbtrgotehb

[?.1 tnj slhhtn lusoijs h` tnj grtjrejs weii rjigx

[?.: tnes ajorjgsjs tnj rjsestgboj h` cihha ìhw eb tnj cihha vjssjis

[?.0 cy weajbebd h` cihha vjssjis / vgshaeigtehb[?.4 ihwjr tnj cihha prjssurj / cgof th tnj bhrlgi vgiuj.

@1= E` cihha prjssurj `giis

/ajorjgsjs

[1.7 cgrhrjojpthrs grj ijss steluigtja

[1.3 sjba bjrvj elpuisjs gt g sihwjr rgtj th tnj ograehvgsouigr ojbtrj

[1.? ograehvgsouigr ojbtrj sjbas bjrvj elpuisjs th tnj njgrt

[1.1 tngt rjsuits eb g strhbdjr ograego lusoij ohbtrgotehb.

[1.: Qnj slhhtn lusoijs h` tnj grtjrejs ohbtrgot

[1.0 eborjgsjs tnj rjsestgboj h` cihha ihw eb tnj cihha vjssjis

[1.4 bgrrhwebd h` cihha vjssjis / vgshohbstreotehb

[1.> eborjgsj tnj cihha prjssurj / cgof th tnj bhrlgi vgiuj

Gby tjb phebts


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Qnj oerouigthry systjl eb ebsjots, èsn glpnecegbs gba nulgb

Qnj oihsja Oerouigthry systjl

@esn

_tgtj tnj typj h` cihha oerouigthry systjl snhwb cy hrdgbesl

Hrdgbesl W=_ebdij oihsja oerouigthry

Bglj hbj jxglpij h` hrdgbesl

Hrdgbesl W =@esn

Nulgb

_tgtj tnj typj h` cihha oerouigthry systjl snhwb cy hrdgbesl [

Hrdgbesl [= Ahucija oihsja oerouigthry systjl

Bglj hbj jxglpij h` hrdgbesl [

Hrdgbesl [ =nulgb /gby suetgcij lgllgi /cera

Bglj /_tgtj twh oerouigtehbs. Ajsorecj jgon oerouigtehb.

[7 = [uilhbgry oerouigtehb

Ajsoreptehb = Cihha es pulpja `rhl tnj njgrt ebth tnj iubds gba cgof th tnj njgrt.

[3 = _ystjleo oerouigtehb

Ajsoreptehb = Cihha es ogrreja cjtwjjb tnj njgrt gba htnjr pgrts h` tnj chay jxojpt tnj

iubds.

Jxpigeb tnj elphrtgboj h` ngvebd tnj cihha oerouigthry systjl eb hrdgbesl [@-(ahucija oerouigtja systjl) es lhrj j`èoejbt

[7-Qnj njgrt pulps tnj cihha tweoj/ tnj cihha ìhw ebth tnj njgrt tweoj eb g ohlpijtj

oerouigtehb

[3-Nednrj prjssurj h` cihha ogb cj lgebtgebja

[?-Qnj cihha trgvjis gstjr th hrdgbs

[1-Qnj hrdgbs djt su`èoejbt glhubt h` diuohsj /hxydjb butrejbt//tnj wgstj

prhauot/ogrchb aehxeaj /urjg ogb cj jielebgtja gby ?

Jxpigeb tnj pgtnwgy h` tnj systjleo oerouigthry systjl (nulgb)

[7 - Hxydjbgtja cihha es ogrreja `rhl ij`t vjbtreoij (njgrt) th tnj chay ojiis(chay),

[3 - ajhxydjbgtja cihha es ogrreja `rhl chay ojiis (chay) th tnj rednt gtreul & rednt

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Qnj ae``jrjbojs cjtwjjb tnj oerouigthry systjl h` ebsjots èsn, glpnecegbs gba nulgbs


Nulgb

&@esn

Jxpigeb hbj ae``jrjboj eb tnj struoturj h` tnj njgrt cjtwjjb Hrdgbesl [ (nulgb)gba

Hrdgbesl W (èsn) 3@-Njgrt h` hrdgbesl [ ngs `hur onglcjrs cut hrdgbesl W ngs twh onglcjrs

[7-Hrdgbesl [ ngs rednt gtreul .ij`t gtreul, rednt vjbtreoij gba ij`t vjbtreoij cut hrdgbesl

W ngs vjbtreoij gba gb gtreul //WW ngs hbj vjbtreoij gba hbj gtreul

[3-Eb hrdgbesl [, tnj njgrt rjojevjs chtn hxydjbgtja cihha gba ajhxydjbgtja cihha wneij

eb hrdgbesl W , tnj njgrt hbiy rjojevj ajhxydjbgtja cihha

7

7 3

Aegdrgl 7;.1.3 snhws tnj cihha oerouigthry systjl eb hrdgbesl G gba hrdgbesl

Hrdgbesl G Hrdgbesl C

Cgsja hb Aegdrgl 7;.1.3, Ajsorecj tnj seleigretejs gba ae``jrjbojs cjtwjjb tnj cihha

oerouigthry systjl eb hrdgbesl G gba hrdgbesl C

Hrdgbesl G Hrdgbesl C

_ebdij oerouigtehb// Cihha ìhw hbiy hboj/hbj telj tnrhudn tnj njgrt Ahucij oerouigtehb// Cihha ihw tweoj/ twhtelj tnrhudn tnj njgrt

Njgrt ngvj 3 onglcjrs/ njgrt ohbsests h` 7

gtreul gba 7 vjbtreoij

Njgrt ngvj 1 onglcjrs/ njgrt ohbsests h` 3

gtreuls gba 3 vjbtreoijs

Gcsjboj h` sjptul [rjsjboj h` sjptul

Hxydjbgtja cihha ihw rhl deii th chay

ojii/ tessujs chay

Hxydjbgtja cihha ìhw `rhl iubds th tnj

njgrt

Ajhxydjbgtja cihha ihw rhl tnj njgrt

th tnj deii

Ajhxydjbgtja cihha ihw rhl tnj njgrt th

tnj iubds

3

3

3

3

3

>


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Qnj ae``jrjbojs cjtwjjb tnj oerouigthry systjls h` ebsjots, `esn, glpnecegbs gba nulgbs.

Hrdgbesls Ebsjots @esn Glpnecegbs Nulgbs

Qypj h` oerouigthry

systjl

Hpjb Oihsja Oihsja Oihsja

- _ebdij Ahucij Ahucij

_jpgrgtehb h` hxydjbgtja

gba ajhxydjbgtja cihha- - Ebohlpijtj Ohlpijtj

Bulcjr h` onglcjrs eb

tnj njgrt

(G sebdij

cihha vjssji

`hrls tnj

njgrt)

Qwh Qnrjj @hur

7.? Qnj ljongbesl h` cihha oihttebd

Bh Lgrfebd sonjlj Lgrfs

Fbhwijadj Aegdrgl snhws tnj ljongbesl h` cihha oihttebd

Bglj vetgleb s gba Ehb Q

vetgleb _= Petgleb F

Ehb Q = Ehb Og3+

7

7 3

Bglj sucstgbojs

_ucstgbojs [ = [rhtnrhlceb

_ucstgbojs W = Qnrhlceb

_ucstgbojs S = @ecrebhdjb

7

7

7 ?

W

S

[


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Fbhwijadj Aegdrgl snhw tnj rja cihha ojiis grj trgppja cy struoturj T

Bglj struoturj T

@ecreb 7 7

Cihha

oihttebd

ljongbesl

@rhl tnj aegdrgl ,Jxpigeb tnj rhij h` pigtjijts

[7-[igtjijts crjgf ahwb gba rjijgsj onjleogi rjijgsja onjleogis

[3-Qh ogusj pigtjijts th steof th jgon htnjr

[?-[gigtijt oiulp thdjtnjr th hrl g piud th prjvjbt cihha ihss

[1-Sjijgsja tnrhlchfebgsj gba htnjr oihttebd `gothrs

7

7

7

7 3

Jxpigeb nhw es hrl J__GU@-wnjb tnjrj es out eb tnj cihha vjssjis

J7-(G drhup )pigtijts oiulp/steof thdjtnjr

J3-th rjijgsja trhlchfebgsj/tnrhlchpigsteb

J?-(trhlchfebgsj/tnrhlchpigsteb) ohbvjrts prhtnrhlceb th tnrhlceb

J1-(tnrhlceb ) ohbvjrt ecrebhdjb th ècreb/struoturj T(ècreb /T trgps jrytnrhoytjs/rja

cihha ojiis)

J:-tnjb `hrl sogc(sogc areja)whuba/whuba es njgija gby 1

7

7

7

7

7

7 1

Jxpigeb nhw struoturj T es hrlja _QSZOQZSJ

[7-Tnjb tnj cihha vjssji aglgdj tnj pigtjijts rjijgsja g prhtjeb ogiija tnrhlchpigsteb[3- tnrhlchpigsteb wetn tnj njip h` ogioeul gba vetgleb F ,ohbvjrt prhtnrhlceb th

tnrhlceb

[?-Qrhlceb gots gs gb jbzylj th ohbvjrt ècrebhdjb ebth struoturj T /ècreb

7

7

7 ?

Aegdrgl 7;.? snhws g nulgb cihha ohlphbjbt.

Aegdrgl 7;.?

Jxpigeb nhw pigtjijts njip th sthp cijjaebd wnjb g whuba hoours.

[7 - [igtjijts oiulp thdjtnjr/ jxphsj th ger gba prhauoj tnrhlchfebgsj//

tnrhlchpigstebj

[3 - Qnrhlchfebgsj/ tnrhlchpigstebj ohbvjrts prhtnrhlceb th tnrhlceb (ogioeul ehbs

lust cj prjsjbt)

7

7

7

T

Jrytnrhoytj

Ijuohoytj

[igtjijt


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[? - Qnrhlceb ohbvjrts ècrebhdjb (g shiucij prhtjeb pigslg) th ecreb (Petgleb F es

bjjaja eb tnj hrlgtehb h` prhtnrhlceb)

[1 - @ecreb `hrls g bjtwhrf th trgp tnj jrytnrhoytjs

[: - th `hrl g oiht// sogc

7

7

71

Ae``jrjboj _tgtj g ae``jrjboj cjtwjjb ècrebhdjb gba struoturj T

@ecrebhdjb es shiucij pigslg prhtjeb wnjrjgs struoturj T es ècreb wneon es ebshiucij

prhtjeb.

77

Jxpigeb hbj ae``jrjboj cjtwjjb ècrebhdjb gba ècreb

[7-@ecrhbhdjb es shiucij. ecreb es ebshiucij/bht shiucij

[3-@ecreb gcij th hrl ècrjs/ljsnwhrf/tnrjga th trgp cihha ojii, ecrebhdjb es bht gcij

th ah sh

7

7 3

Elphrtgboj _tgtj twh elphrtgboj h` cihha oihttebd

[7-th prjvjbt sjrehus cihha ihss wnjb g pjrshb es ebmurja

[3- th prjvjbt tnj jbtry h` leorhhrdgbesls gba `hrjedb pgrteoijs ebth tnj cihha/ chaytnrhudn tnj aglgdj cihha vjssjis

[?- th lgebtgeb bhrlgi cihha prjssurj

[1- th lgebtgeb oerouigtehb h` cihha eb g oihsja oerouigthry systjl

7

7

7

7 ?

_tgtj tnj bjojssety `hr tnj hrlgtehb h` struoturj T grhuba tnj whuba 3

[7-Qh prjvjbt sjrehus cihha ihss

[3-th prjvjbt tnj jbtry h` leorhhrdgbesl gba hrjedb pgrteoijs ebth tnj cihha ?.th

lgebtgeb bhrlgi cihha prjssurj

[1-Qh lgebtgeb oerouigtehb h` cihha eb g oihsja oerouigthry systjl

7

7

7 ?

Qnj struoturj T ahjs bht bhrlgiiy `hrlja eb ebtgot cihha vjssjisJxpigeb wny8

@-Njpgreb eb pigslg/gotehb h` gbteohgduigbts

[-[rjvjbt oiht `hrlgtehb cy supprjssebd gotevgtehb h` tnj pigtjijt

7

7 3

[rhcijl

rjigtja th

cihha

oihttebd

Bglj tnj pgrt igcjiija [

[ = Qnrhlcus/ Onhijstjrhi / [igquj / ajphset7 7


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[rhcijl

rjigtja th

cihha

oihttebd

Jxpigeb nhw [ es `hrlja

[7- Jxojssevj onhijstjrhi, sgturgtja `gts gba ogioeul grj ajphsetja hb tnj ebbjr iebebd h`tnj grtjrejs.

[3- Ajtgonja ajphsetja onhijstjrhi hb tnj grtjrejs wgii ogb steluigtj tnj gddiutebgtehb

h` pigtjijts wneon ijga th tnj hrlgtehb h` cihha oiht / tnrhlcus eb tnj grtjrejs th

hcstruot tnj cihha ihw

7

7

7 ?

Tngt es tnj ohbsjqujboj eb cihha oiht `hrl wetneb tnj ubcrhfjb cihha vjssji8

Qrhlchses 7 7

G lgb su``jrs `hrl njgrt gttgof.Qnes ogusja cy cihha oihts eb hbj h` tnj ohrhbgry

grtjrejs

Tngt typj h` tnrhlchses hoours

Ohrhbgry tnrhlchses 7 7

Nhw ahjs tnj tnrhlchses eb (c) `hrl

[7-ebauoja cy grtnjrehijrhses

[7-Ajphsetja onhijstjrhi gba ogioeul hb tnj ohrhbgry grtjry wgii ogb steluigtj tnj

gddiutebgtehb h` pigtjijts wneon ogb ijga th tnj `hrlgtehb h` cihha oiht eb nj grtjry

7

7 3

Gagl es su``jrja `hrl g djbjteo aesjgsj.Nj ngs g prhcijl h` cihha oihttebd, nes cihha

tgfjs gb gcbhrlgiiy ihbd telj th oiht

Bglj tnj djbjteo aesjgsj su``jrja cy Gagl

Ngjlhpneieg 7 7

_tgtj hbj ae``jrjboj eb tnj cihha ohbtjbt Gagl gba g bhrlgi pjrshb

Igof h` ojrtgeb cihha oihttebd/`gothr PEEE eb Gagl s cihha 7 7

Ngjlhpneieg es g djbjteo eb wneon tnj ebaeveaugi ogbbht prhauoj oihttebd `gothr. suddjst

hbj ljtnha th sgvj tnj g``ieotja pjrshb `hrl ayebd auj th jxojssevj cijjaebd

Ebmjotehb wetn cihha gothr 7 7

Nhw ahjs tnj tnrhlchses eb (c) `hrl

[7-ebauoja cy grtnjrehijrhses

[7-Ajphsetja onhijstjrhi gba ogioeul hb tnj ohrhbgry grtjry wgii ogb steluigtj tnj

gddiutebgtehb h` pigtjijts wneon ogb ijga th tnj `hrlgtehb h` cihha oiht eb nj grtjry

7

7 3


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7.1 iylpngteo systjl

Qnj `hrlgtehb gba ohlphsetehb h` ebtjrstetegi ìuea


Fbhwijadj _nhw tnj `hrlgtehb h` `rhl cihha oerouigthry systjl

@iuea es hredebgtja `hrl cihha pigslg wneon ijgvjs tnj cihha ogpeiigrejs ebth tnj

ebtjrojiiuigr spgojs cjtwjjb tnj ojiis

Bglj ìuea

Ebtjrstetegi iuea

77 3

Elphrtgboj _tgtj tnj elphrtgbt h` iuea ^ th tnj chay ojiis

_uppiejs tnj ojii wetn tnjer ojiiuigr rjquerjljbt/hxydjb /butrejbt/diuohsj/glebh

goeas//jielebgtj tnj jxorjthry sucstgbojs/ogrchb aehxeaj/urjg `rhl tnj ojii

7 7

@hrlgtehb Jxpigeb nhw ìuea ^ es `hrlja

[7-Cihha ìhws `rhl tnj grterejs ebth ogpeiigrejs wneon ngvj g slgiijr aegljtjr

[3-Ogusjs nedn nyarhstgteo prjssurj gt tnj grtjregi jba( h` ogpeiigrejs)

[?-@hrojs shlj ìuea hut tnrhudn tnj cihha ogpeiigry wgii

7

7

7 ?

Jxpigeb nhw ebtjrstetegi iuea es hrlja

[7-Cihha ìhw `hrl tnj grtjrejs ebth tnj ogpeiigrejs wetn g slgiijr aegljtjr

[3-Sjsuits eb g nednjr nyarhstgteo prjssurj gt tnj grtjregi jba h` tnj ogpeiigrejs

[?-tnj nednjr prjssurj `hrojs shlj cihha pigslg tnrhudn tnj ogpeiigry wgii ebth tnj

spgojs cjtwjjb tnj ojiis

[1-tnj iuea es fbhwb gs ebtjrstetegi iuea hr tessuj iuea

[:-Ebtjrstetegi ìuea ahjs bht ohbtgeb pigslg prhtjeb ,jrytnrhoytjs gba pigtjijts

7

7

7

7

7 :


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? Aegdrgl snhws pgrt h` tnj cihha oerouigthry systjl gba tnj iylpngteo systjl ebnulgb chay

Jxpigebs tnrjj cjtwjjb tnj ohlphsetehb h` ìuea eb [ gba W

@7-ìuea [ es rja eb ohihur, ìuea q es ohihurijss

J7-Cjogusj ìuea [ ngs ngjlhdihceb, ìuea q ahjs bht ngvj ngjlhdihceb@3-@iuea [ ohbtgeb rja cihha ojiis, ìuea W ng bh rja cihha ojii

J3-Cgogusj tnj rja cihha ojiis srj thh igrdj th ae`ùsjs lhvj hut h` tnj cihha ogpeiigry (th `hrl

ebtjrstetegi iuea)

@?-@iuea [ ohbtgeb cihha ojiis gba cihha pigslg,ìuea W hbiy ohbtgeb cihha pigslg wetnhut

prhtjeb pigslg

J?-Cgogusj tnj prhtjeb pigslg grj th igrdj th ae`ùsja hut h` tnj cihha ogpeiigry

@1-@iuea W ohbtgeb lhrj iylpnhoytjs, ìuea [ ohbtgeb ijss iylpnhoytjs

J1-Cgogeusj gs iuea W ihw tnrhudn tnj iylpngteo bhajs

Gby ? pgers h` @ gba J

7

7

7

7

7

7

7

7 0

Qnj iylpngteo systjl

Gspjot Wujstehb (Lgrfebd _onjlj)

Fbhwijadj

5;% h` ìuea ^ rjturbs th cihha oerouigthry systjl wneij tnj rjlgeb 7;% ae`ùsjs ebth tnj iylpn

vjssji fbhwb gs iuea U

Bglj ìuea U

Iylpn

_tgtj tnj ljgbebd h` Iylpn

[7-Ebtjrstetegi ìuea tngt ngs bht cjjb rjgcshrcja ebth tnj cihha srjgl dhjs ebth tnj iylpn

ogpeigrrejs .Hboj ebseaj tnj iylpn ogpeiigrejs tnj ìeua es fbhwb g iylpn

[3-Iylpn es g trgbspgrjbt yjiihwesn iuea


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Fbhwijadj

Bglj S gba _.

SIylpn ogpeiigry

_Iylpn bhajAe``jrjbojs _tgtj hbj ae``jrjboj eb ohlphsetehb cjtwjjb ìuea U gba cihha

@iuea U ahjs bht ohbtgeb jrytnrhoytjs gba igrdj prhtjeb lhijouij gs ( tnjy grj thh igrdj th pgss

tnrhudn tnj ogpeiigry wgii

Jxpigeb hbj ae``jrjboj cjtwjjb tnj ohlphsetehb h` ebtjrstetegi ìuea gba iylpn. 3

[7-iylpn ohbtgebs lhrj / nednjr iylpnhoytjs tngb ebtjrstetegi ìuea cjogusj

[3- systjl prhauojs iylpnhoytjs HS

[?- iylpn ohbtgebs lhrj `gtty sucstgbojs cjogusj

[1-igotjgis / iylpn ogpeiigrejs eb veiius trgbsphrt `gtty goea gba diyojrhi / arhpijts h` iepeas / `gt

shiucij vetglebs th tnj cihha strjgl (Gby 3)

Jxpigeb tnj ae``jrjbojs cjtwjjb tnj ohlphsetehb h` ìuea S gba ìuea _

@iuea S (cihha pigslg) @iuea _ (iylpn)

7. Ngs ijss iylpnhoytj 7. Ngs g igrdjr bulcjrs h` iylpnhoytj

Jxpigeb = Iylpnhoytj es prhauoja cy tnj iylpn bhaj.

3. Ohbtgeb jrytnrhoytj & pigslg

prhtjeb / jd= ècrebhdjb

3. Bh jrytnrhoytj, bh pigslg prhtjeb /

jd= ecrebhdjb

Jxpigeb= SCO & pigslg prhtjeb grj thh ced lhijouij th pgss

tnrhudn

?. Ngs nedn ohbtjbt h`

hxydjb

?. Ngs ihwjr ohbtjbts h` hxydjb

Jxpigeb = hxydjb ngs cjjb usja up cy tnj ojii


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@hrlgtehb

Jxpigeb tnj hrlgtehb h` iylpn eb S. ?

[7-Qnj nedn nyarhstgteo prjssurj gt tnj grtjregi jba h` tnj ogpeiigrejs

[3-@hrojs cihha ohbstetujbts jxojpt igrdj lhijouijs ae`ùsj hut (tnrhudn ogpeiigrejs) ebth

ebtjrojiiuigr spgojs cjtwjjb ojiis / th `hrl tessujs ìuea

[?-Gt vjbhus jba h` ogpeiigrejs wnjrj nyarhstgteo prjssurj es ihw[1-(5;% h` tessujs ìuea rjturbja th oerouigthry systjl gba) 7;% ae`ùsja ebth iylpn ogpeiigrejs

th `hrl iylpn. HS

-Iylpn hredebgtj rhl tessujs iuea / ebtjrstetegi iuea

[0-Gt vjbhus jba h` ogpeiigrejs wnjrj nyarhstgteo prjssurj es ihw // Nyarhstgteo prjssurj es nedn

eb tnj ebtjrstetegi iuea

[4-(5;% h` tessujs ìuea / ebtjrstetegi ìuea / ^ es rjturbja th oerouigthry systjl gba) 7;% es

ae`ùsja ebth iylpn ogpeiigrejs th hrl iylpn Gby ?

Ajsorecj tnj `hrlgtehb h` ìuea W

@-tnj cihha /tnj cihha ogpeiigrejs ngs vjry nedn nyarhstgteo prjssurjJ7-`hroebd tnj cihha pigslg wetnhut tnj pigslg prhtjeb/jrytnrhoytjs/pigtijts

J3-Qh ae`ùsja hut ebth tnj spgojs cjtwjjb tnj tessujs

J?-th hrl ebtjrstetegi iuea

J1-ebth tnj iylpngteo ogpeiigrejs(tnj vjssji wetn ciubt jba

J0-@hrlebd iYylpn/iylpngteo iuea/ìuea W

J4-ohbsests h` cihha pigslg wetnhut prhtjeb pigslg/ohbtgebs diuohsj.wgtjr , glebh goeas,lebjrgi

vetglebs

@ubotehb Jxpigeb tnj tnrjj ùbotehb h` tnj iylpngteo systjl 0

[7-tnj iylpngteo systjl rjturbs tnj jxojss ebtjrstetegi ìuea cgof ebth tnj cihha oerouigthry systjlJ7-Jxojssevj goouluigtehb h` ebtjrstetegi ìuea eb tnj spgoj cjtwjjb ojiis rjsuits eb hjajlg

[3-tn igotjgi gcshrcs iepeas ( gts ) `gt shiucij vetgleb G,A,J,gba F

J3-tnjsj grj trgbsphrtja cy iylpngteo vjssji th tnj cihha oerouigthry

[?-tnj iylpngteo systjl prhveajs ellubhihdeogi aj`jbojs gdgebst tnj aesjgsj

J?-Iylpn bhajs prhauojs gba sthrj iylpnhoytjs


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Elphrtgboj _tgtj twh ùbotehb h` iylpngteo systjl 3

[7-Sjturb tnj jxojss ebtjrstetegi iuea /ìuea cgof ebth cihha oerouigthry systjl,

[3-Iylpnhoytjs prhauoj gbtechaejs ( th ajstrhy pgtnhdjb )

[?-Qrgbsphrt iepea, Petgleb G,A,J,F th cihha oerouigthry systjl gby 3

Jxpigeb tnj elphrtgboj h` iylpngteo systjl eb nulgb.

@7-Lgebtgeb tnj ìuea cgigboj eb tnj chay

J7-cy rjturbebd jxojss ebtjrstetegi ìuea th tnj cihhastrjgl

HS

@3-Qrgbsphrt `gtty goeas gba diyojrhi

J3-`rhl igotjgi th oerouigthry systjlQnj rhij h` tnj iylpngteo systjl eb trgbsphrt


(g)

Tngt ngppjbs h` tnj jxojss ebtjrstetegi ìuea ahjs bht ìhw ebth iylpn vjssjis8

[7-tnj jxojss ebtjrstegi ìuea weii goouluigtja hbd tnj ojiis

[3-Ousj swjiiebd h` tnj g``jotja chay tessujs

[?-Hjajl hoours gby 3[

7

7

7 3

(c)

Bglj tnj aesjgsj 7

Hjajlg/tessuj cjohlj swhiijb7 7


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(o) Jxpigeb nhw tnj aesjgsj ogb cj ngppjb 3

[7-Jxojss ebtjrstetegi ìuea goouluigtjs eb tnj spgojs cjtwjjb tnj ojiis

[3-Jxojss ebtjrstetegi ìuea es bht rjturbja th tnj cihha oerouigthry systjl gby 3

7

7 3

(a)

(j) _tgtj tnj aesjgsj wnjb vjssjis S eb tnj ijd grj cihofja cy èigregi whrls.

Jijpngbtegses / èigregses / hjajlg / tessuj swjiiebd 7 7

(`) Jxpigeb yhur gbswjr eb o (e).

[7(Tnjb S es cihofja,) jxojss tessujs ìuea es bht rjturbja th tnj cihhastrjgl

[3-Qnj chay tessujs cjohlj swhiijb

[?-cjogusj h` thh luon ìuea goouluigtjs eb tnj spgoj cjtwjjb tnj ojiis (Gby 3)

7

7

7 3

(d) Jssgy jbongljbt ohrbjr

(c) Cgsja hb Aegdrgl 7;.3, ajsorecj nhw ìuea _ es hrlja `rhl cihha pigslg ubtei et escrhudnt cgof ebth tnj cihha oerouigthry systjl.

[7 - (Tnjb tnj cihha ìhws `rhl grtjrejs ebth ogpeiigrejs) tnjrj es nednjr nyarhstgteo

prjssurj gt tnj grtjregi jba h` tnj ogpeiigrejs

[3 - (Qnes nedn prjssurj) `hrojs shlj pigslg th pgss tnrhudn tnj ogpeiigry wgiis ebth tnj

ebtjrojiiuigr spgojs (cjtwjjb tnj ojiis)

[? - Hboj tnj ìuea ijgvjs tnj ogpeiigry wgiis, et es ogiija ebtjrstetegi/tessuj ìuea // Qnj

ebtjrstetegi ìuea èiis tnj spgojs cjtwjjb tnj ojiis gba ohbstgbtiy cgtnjs tnj ojiis

[1 - 5;% h` tnj ebtjrstetegi ìuea ae`ùsjs cgof ebth cihha ogpeiigry

[: - 7;% h` tnj ebtjrstetegi ìuea tngt ngs bht cjjb rjgcshrcja ebth tnj cihhastrjgl dhjs ebth

tnj iylpn ogpeiigrejs.(Hboj ebseaj tnj iylpn ogpeiigrejs) tnj ìuea es fbhwb gs iylpn / _

[4 - iylpn / _ pgssjs tnrhudn iylpngteo vjssjis ebth tnj tnhrgoeo auot

[> - iylpn/ _ jvjbtugiiy argebs ebth tnj rednt sucoigvegb vjeb.

(Njboj, iylpn argebs cgof ebth tnj cihha)

7

7

7

7

7

7

0


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7.: Qnj rhij h` tnj oerouigthry systjl eb tnj aj`jboj ljongbesl h` tnj chay

Bh Lgrfebd sonjlj

Fbhwijadj Cihha oerouigthry systjl trgbsphrt dgsjs gba butrejbt th gii pgrts h` h` tnj chay .Et rjlhvjsgba jxorjtjs wgstj lgtjregi tnrhudn tnj feabjys.Et gish prhtjot hur chay `hrl eb`jotehb h`

aesjgsj. Qgcij 7 snhws tnj chay aj`jbsj ljongbesl

Chay aj`jboj ljongbesl

Qypj h` aj`jbojs Iebjs h` aj`jbojs

@erst iebj aj`jboj _

_johba iebj aj`jboj [

Qnera iebj aj`jboj W

Bglj [ gba W

_= _feb gba luohus

[6 Ijuohoytj/wnetj cihha ojiis/pngdhoytjs/lhbhoytj/bjutrhpneii

W= Iylpnhoytjs

Iebj h` aj`jboj Lgrfebd sonjlj

@erst Iebj

aj`jboj

Jxpigeb nhw `erst iebj aj`jboj ogb prjvjbt tnj jbtry pgtnhdjbs ebth tnj chay.

Qnj sfeb

[7 - _feb ohbsest h` fjrgteb tngt lgfj ae``eouit jbhudn th pjbjtrgtj.

[3 - _wjgt ohbtgeb goea / pN ?-pN :/ es bht ohbauoevj `hr tnj drhwtn h` leorhhrdgbesl.

[? - _wjgt gba sjcul ohbtgeb iyshzylj tngt feiis tnj leorhhrdgbesls.

Qnj rjspergthry trgot //bgsgi ogvety gba trgonjg

[1 - luous hb tnj rjspergthry trgot trgps leorhcjs/ aust/ pgrteoijs

[: - tnj oeieg wneon iebjs tnj rjspergthry trgot

Qnj sthlgon

[0 - Nyarhonihreo goea ogb feii tnj leorhhrdgbesls ( tngt prjsjbt eb tnj `hhas gba arebfs)

Qjgrs gba sgievg

[4 - ohbtgeb iyshzylj prhtjot jyjs gba lhutn `rhl ebvgsehb h` pgtnhdjb.

_johba iebj

aj`jboj

Jxpigeb nhw [ pigys ets rhij eb aj`jboj ljongbesl 3

[7-Tnejtj cihha ojii /pngdhoytjs jbdui` tjn pgtnhdjb

[3-Cy pngdhoythses

[?-Nyarhiyteo jbzylj/iyshzylj aedjst/crjgfahwb tnj pgtnhdjb (prhauot grj gcshrcja)


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G C

Cgsja hb tnj aegdrgl g gba C Bglj gb jxpigeb nhw tnj struoturj pigy ets rhij eb aj`jboj

ljongbesl0

@7-Aegdrgl G-BjutrhpneiiAegdrgl CLhbhoytjs/Lgorhpngdj

[7-[ngdhoythses

[3-Qnj pngdhoytj es gttrgotja cy tnj onjleogi prhauoja cy tnj cgotjreul

[?-Qnj pngdhoytj jxtjbas ets psjuahphaeul thwgra tnj cgotjreul th jbdui` et

[1-Ebaedjstehb h` tnj cgotjreul `hrl tnj pngdhshlj

[:-Qnj pngdhshlj ohlcebj wetn g iyshshlj

[0-Iyshshlj rjijgsjs iyshzylj ebth tnj pngdhshlj

[4-tnj cgotjreul ebseaj tnj pngdhshlj es ajstrhyja cy tnj iyshzylj

[>-tnj pngdhoytjs rjijgsja tnj aedjstja prhauots `rhl tnj ojii Gby >[

Qnera iebjaj`jboj

Bglj tnj sucstgbojs prhauoja cy W(Iylpnhoytjs) /Bglj tnj ojiis tngt prhauoj gbtechaejs eb

hur chay7

Gbtechaejs / Iylpnhoytjs

_tgtj tnj ongrgotjresteo h` tnj sucstgboj yhu stgtja eb (c) (e) 7

_pjoeèo

Eb tnera iebj aj`jboj, C prhauojs gbtechay, devj tnj ljgbebd h` gbtechay

es prhtjeb prhauoja cy iylpnhoytjs eb rjsphbsj th tnj prjsjboj h` gb gbtedjb

_tgtj hbj h` tnj wgys wneon gbtechaejs njip th aj`jba tnj chay

Gddiutebgtehb /Bjutrgiesgtehb /hpshbesgtehb/prjoepetgtehb

Ajsorecj crejìy nhw g pigys ets rhij eb chay aj`jbojs ?

[7-[ngdhoytjs lhvj thwgra gbtedjbs/pgtnhdjb usebd psjuahphaeul

[3-[ngdhoytjs surrhuba tnj gbtedjb /pgtnhdjb

[?-Gbtedjb /pgtnhdjb wrgppja eb vgouhij gba nyarhiysja cy nyarhiyteo jbzylj

[1-Ajstrhyja gbtedjb /pgtnhdjb es rjlhvja `rhl tnj pngdhoytj

lgx ?

Devj ajèbetehb h` gbtedjb gba gbtechay .Jxpigeb crejìy tnj ljongbesl usja cy gbtechay th

prhtjot hur hwb chay gdgebst aesjgsj 1

Gbtedjbs es lhijouij tngt prhauoja cy leorhhrdgbesl tngt ebetegtj gbtechay prhauotehb

Gbtechay es prhtjeb tngt prhauoja cy ellubj systjl ojiis tngt ceba th `hrjedb lhijouij

/leorhhrdgbesl

[7-Gbtechay ceba th tnj spjoeèo gbtedjb cebaebd setj

[3-Njboj , ebgotevgtjs gbtedjb cy sjvjrgi wgys

[?-Bjutrgiesgtehb /Iyses/Gdduiutebgtehb /Hpshbesgtehb


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Qnj vgrehus typj h` Ellubety

Gspjot Lgrfebd sonjlj

Ajèbetehb Qnjrj grj twh typj h` ellubety h` nulgb th prjvjbt eb`jotehb `hrl aesjgsj

Jxpigeb tnj twh typj h` ellubety 1@7-Gotevj ellubety

[7-Ljgbs tnj chay prhauojs ets hwb gbtechaejs eb rjsphbsj th steluigtehb cy gb gbtedjb

@3-[gssevj trgbsphrt

[3-Ljgbs tnj chay rjojevj gb gbtechsejs eb rjsphbsj th steluigtehb cy gb hutseaj shuroj

_huroj Ajsorecj nhw ellubety es hctgebja tnrhudn0

(e) gotevj ellubety

[7-Gotevj ellubety ogb cj hctgebja cy vgooebgtehb/ebhouigtehb//grteèoegiiy goouquerja

[3-Pgooebj es g suspjbsehb h` ajga hr wjgfjbs cgotjreg/verus/pgtnhdjb

[?-Tetj cihha ojii grj steluigtja th prhauoj gbtechaejs gdgebst tnj pgtnhdjb

[1-Gotevj ellubety es gish hctgebja wnjb gb ebaeveaugi ngs rjohvjrja `hrl g ojrtgeb

aesjgsj//bgturgiiy goouquerja

[:-G rjgaylgaj suppiy h` gbtechaejs weii devj ellubety thwgras tngt aesjgsj

(ee)[gssevj ellubety

[7-[gssevj ellubety ogb cj hctgebja cy gb ebaeveaugi cy ebmjotebd gbtechaejs. Gbtesjrul ebth

tnj chay//grteèoegiiy goouquerja

[3-Bh gbtedjb es put ebth tnj chay, sh tnj chay ahjs bht prhauoj ets hwb gbtechaejs

[?-[gssevj ellubety ogb gish cj hctgebja cy g cgcy wnjb tnj gbtechaejs `hrl tnj lhtnjrs

cihha pigslg ae`ùsj ebth tnj `hjtus tnrhudn tnj pigojbtg//bgturgiiy goouquerja

Grteèoegiiy Gotevj ellubety


(g) Aegdrgl snhw tnj ongbdjs h` gbte chaejs ohbojbtrgtehb eb tnj cihha h` ebaeveaugi ^

Bglj tnj sucstgbojs tngt grj ebmjotja ebth tnj cihha h` ebaeveaugi ^ /

Tngt es tnj sucstgboj ebmjotja ebth tnj cihha h` ebaeveaugi ^ gba ebaeveaugi W 8

[ = vgooebj //Ajga hr wjgfjbja cgotjreg / verusjs / gbtedjbs 7 7


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(c) _tgtj tnj typj h` ellubety / bglj tnj typj h` ellubety hctgebja cy ebaeveaugi ^

[ = Grte`eoegi/(goquerja ) gotevj ellubety

Qnj chay prhauojs ets hwb gbtechaejs th ednt gdgebst eb`jotehbs cy pgtnhdjbs.

7

7 3

(o) Cgsja hb tnj aegdrgl ,Jxpigeb wny `erst gba sjohba ebmjotehb grj rjquerja cy ebaeveaugi

@7-@erst ebmjotehb ,tnj ohbojbtrgtehb h` gbtechaejs es ihw /cjihw ellubety ijvji/cjihw tngb :;

grcetgry ubet

J7-Cjogusj tnj vgooebj steluigtj iylpnhoytj th prhauoj gbtechaejs sihwiy/ijss gbtechaejs

@3-_johba ebmjotehb , tnj ohbojbtrgtehb h` gbtechaejs es gchvj ellubety ijvji /gchvj :;

grcetrgry ubets

J3-Cjogusj vgooebj steluigtjs tnj iylpnhoytj th prhauoj lhrj gbtechaejs/jxojja ellubety

ijvji

7

7

7

7 1

(a) Jxpigeb wny g pjrshb bjjas g sjohba ebmjotehb th lgebtgeb tnj ijvji h` ellubety?

@-Chhstjr ahsj[7-_teluigtj iylpnhoytj th prhauoj lhrj gbtechaejs

[3-Qh gonejvj ellubety ijvji

[?-tngt prhtjot tnj pjrshb gdgebst tnj aesjgsj

77

7

7 ?

(j) G pjrshb ngvebd ljgsijs. Jxpigeb nhw nj djt tnj aesjgsj

@-tnj erst telj ljgsijs verus jbtjr tnj cihha

J7-tnj iylpnhoytj tgfjs ihbdjr telj th prhauoj gbtechaejs

J3-Qnj ijvji h` gbtechay es ihwjr tngb tnj ellubety ijvji ( sh nj djts tnj ljgsijs)

7

7

7 3

(`) Qgcij 1.7 snhws g sonjauij h` ellubesgtehb devjb `hr jvjry bjw chrb Lgigysegb ubtei tnj gdj

h` twh.

Gdj Qypj h` ellubety

Bjw chrb Qecjrouihses(C.O.D)

Njpgtetes C (@erst ahsj)

7 lhbtn Njpgtetes C (sjohba ahsj)

? lhbtn Qrepij gbtedjb

[hieh (@erst ahsj)

: lhbtn Qrepij gbtedjb

[hieh (sjohba ahsj)

5-31 lhbtn Djrlgbs ljgsijs

77/3

-3ygjr Qrepij gbtedjb

[hieh (Qnera ahsj)

Cgsja hb tgcij,stgtj tnj typj h` pgtnhdjb wneon ogusj tnj aesjgsj

Perus / cgotjreg 7 7


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(g) Jxpigeb wny tnjrj es bjja hr sjohba gba tnera ahsjs `hr tnj ellubesgtehb

@7= Ellubesgtehb es devjb th prjvjbt eb`jotehb `rhl pgtnhdjbs tngt ogusja aesjgsjs iefj

Qucjrouihses, Njpgtetes C, [hieh, aepntnjreg, wnhhpebd ohudn, tjtgbus. Djrlgb ljgsijs (stgtjgtijgst 3 jxglpij )

@3= Bjw chrb grj ebmjotja wetn vgooebjs th djt Grteèoegiiy Gotevj Ellubety

@?= @erst ahsj grj devjb th ebauoj cgcy iylpnhoytjs th prhauoj gbtechaejs wneon grj spjoeèo

gdgebst tnj gbtedjbs / cgotjreg / verus

@1= 3ba gba ?ra ahsj grj chhstjr ahsj th eborjgsj tnj prhauotehb h` gbtechaejs gt g `gstjr rgtj.

@:= Gonejvja ellubety ijvji // gbtechaejs rjlgebja eb tnj cihha `hr g ihbd telj gba prhveaj

pjrlgbjbt ellubety / prhtjot tnjl `rhl tnj bjxt eb`jotehb

7

7

7

7

7 ?

(c) Glebgn wgs snhofja wnjb g ahothr thia tngt njr cgcy ngs cjjb aegdbhsja wetn Njpgtetes C._nj

jxpigebja th tnj ahothr tngt njr cgcy girjgay dht njr èrst ellubezgtehb `hr Njpgtetes C igst

lhbtn .Cgsja hb yhur cehihdeogi fbhwijadj jxpigeb wny tnes eboeajbt hoours0

@= gcij th stgtj tnj ellubety ohrrjotiy

[=Gcij th jxpigeb wny tnj cgcy ngs cjjb aegdbhsja wetn Njpgtetes C

@7-Grteèoegiiy goquerja gotevj ellubety

[7-Pgooebgtehb /vgooebj ebmjotehb

[3-Et weii gotevgtj tnj chay th prhauoj gbtechaejs

[?-Sjsuit eb tnj prhauotehb h` g ihw ijvji h` gbtechaejs ohbojbtrgtehb

[1-(cut) tnj ahsj ahjs bht su`èoejbt th prhtjot gdgebst tnj aesjgsj

[:-_johba chhstjr ahsj es bjojssgry[0-th eborjgsj gbtechay prhauotehb hvjr g ijvji h` ellubety

7

7

7

7

7

7

7

7

7 0

(o) Aegdrgl 7;.7.3 es g drgpn snhwebd tnj ohbojbtrgtehb h` gbtechay eb tnj cihha h` gb ebaeveaugi

g`tjr rjojevebd twh ebmjotehbs

Jxpigeb nhw tnj ebaeveaugi ohuia gonejvj tnj ellubety ijvji.

7stvgooebgtehb 3

bavgooebgtehb Qelj (wjjfs)

Ellubety ijvji

; 7 3 ? 1 : 0 4 > 5


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[7 - Qnj drgpn snhws Grte`eoegi Gotevj Ellubety

[3 - Qnj pjrshb ngs cjjb ebmjotja wetn g vgooebj

[? - Qnj vgooebj ohbtgeb feiija hr wjgfjbja gbtedjbs/ cgotjreg/verusjs

[1 - gbtedjbs/cgotjreg steluigtjs iylpnhoytj / TCO th prhauoj gbtechaejs

[: - 7stahsj usugiiy ebauojs g sihw prhauotehb h` gbtechay

(gba snhrtjr igstebd)

[0 - Chhstjr ahsj (3ba gba ?ra ) grj bjjaja th steluigtjs lhrj

gbtechay th gonejvj ellubety ijvji ( gba igrdjr igstebd rjsphbsj).

[4 - gby ebvgsehb h` tnj pgtnhdjbeo leorhhrdgbesls, tnj chay

es gcij th ajstrhy tnjl elljaegtjiy

[> - Jd h` vgooebgtehb= COD / Njpgtetes / [hieh / N[P (ojrvex ogbojr)

7

7

7

77

7

7

7

Bgturgiiy [gssevj Ellubety


(g) Aegdrgl snhws g lhtnjr es crjgst`jjaebd njr cgcy

Jxpigeb tnj typj h` ellubety tngt tnj cgcy whuia goquerj ?

@-Bgturgi pgssevj ellubetyJ7-Cjogusj crjgst leif ohbtgeb gbtechay

J7-Gbtech`y ajstrhys pgtnhdjb

J?-[rhtjot tnj cgcy hrl aesjgsj (wneon tnj lhtnjr ellubj )

77

7

7 ?

(c) Jxpigeb tnj elphrtgboj h` vgooebgtehb th g bjw chrb cgcy

@-Pgooebgtehb ohbtgeb vgooebj/wjgf/ajga pgtnhdjb

J7-_teluigtjs tnj iylpnhoytjs

J3-Qh prhauoj gbtechay

J?-Jbongboj prhauotehb h` gbtechaejs ubtei gonejvj tnj ellubety ijvji

J1-Qh prhtjot tnj chay gdgebst aesjgsj gby 3

7

7

7

7

77 ?

(o) Jxpigeb tnj typj h` ellubety snhwb eb aegdrgl (g `jhtus eb tnj pigojbtg)

@7-Bgturgi goquerja pgssevj ellubety

J7-G `hjtus ogb rjojevj lgtjregi gbtechaejs bgturgiiy tnrhudn ets lhtnjr pigojbtg

J3-tnjsj gbtechaejs prhtjot tnj cgcy eb tnj erst jw lhbtns g`tjr certn

7

7

7 ?


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(a) Chay ellubj systjl es elphrtgbt th jvjry ebaeveaugi. Jxpigeb tnj ae``jrjbojs cjtwjjb tnj

ellubj systjl h` gb eb`gbt wetn gauit wnh ngs cjjb su``jrja Onefubdbyg?

[7-ellubj systjl `hr gauit es Bgturgi Gotevj Ellubety. Tneij /ellubj systjl `hr eb`gbt esbgturgi [gssevj Ellubety

[3-Gauits Iylpnhoytjs gotevgtja th prhauoj gbtechaejs. Ljgbwneij ,eb`gbt djt tnj gbtechaejs

wnjb et pgss bgturgiiy `rhl lhtnjr th `hjtus gorhss tnj pigojbtg/Tnjb cgcejs crjgst `jja

[?-Gauit ihbd igstebd ellubety wneij, eb`gbt tjlphrgry ellubety

7

7

7 ?

Grteèoegiiy [gssevj ellubety


(g)

_tgtj tnj ohbtjbt h` tnj ebmjotehbs/Tngt es tnj sucstgboj ebmjotja ebth tnj cihha h` ebaeveaugi [8

W = gbtesjrul //_jrul ohbtgebebd gbtechaejs7 7

(c) _tgtj tnj typj h` ellubety hctgebja cy ebaeveaugi [ gba ebaeveaugi W.

W = Grteèoegi pgssevj ellubety

Qnj chay rjojevjs gbtechaejs prhauoja `rhl hutseaj shurojs th èdnt gdgebst eb`jotehbs cy

pgtnhdjbs

7

7

3

(o) Jxpigeb tnj rjgshb `hr yhur gbswjr

[7-tnj gbtechay eborjgsj gchvj tnj ellubety ijvji elljaegtjiy g`tjr tnj ebmjotehb es devjb

[3-Qnj qugbtety h` gbtechay eb cihha igst hr hbiy twh wjjfs/ahjs bht igst ihbd

7

7 3

Ae``jrjbojs


@erstebmjotehb

_tgtj tnj ae``jrjboj cjtwjjb tnj ijvji h` ellubety eb ebaeveaugi G gba ebaeveaugi U

[7-Eb ebaeveaugi ^ Gdtjr tnj èrst eb`jotehb tnj ijvji h` gbtechay es ihw wneon es bht

su`èjeobt th prhtjot gdgebst tnj aesjgsj

[3-Eb ebaeveaugi U g`tjr tnj erst ebmjotehb, tnj ijvji h` gbtechay es nedn jbhudn th prhveaj

ellubety gdgebst tjn aesjgsj

7

7

3


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@erstebmjotehb

Jxpigeb tnj ae``jrjboj yhu stgtj eb gchvj

[7-ebaeveaugi ^ ,tnj èrst ebmjotehb wetn vgooebj ebauojs g ihw ijvji h` gbtechay

ohbojbtrgtehb gs tnj chay rjquerja telj th lgfj ets hwb gbtechay gdgebst gbtedjb[3-Eb ebaeveaugi y ,ellubety es hctgebja cy ebmjotebd sjrul ohbtgebebd spjoeèo

gbtechaejs.Qnj chay ahjs bht prhauoj hwb gbtechaejs

7

73

_johbaebmjotehb

Jxpigeb tnj ae``jrjboj eb tnj ohbojbtrgtehb h` gbtechaejs eb tnj cihha ebaeveaugi ^ gba U

g`tjr sjohba ebmjotehb 3

@-Eb ^ g`tjr sjohba ebmjotehb, tnj ohbojbtrgtehb h` gbtechaejs eborjgsjs, sihwiy gba

cjohlj nednjr tngb ellubety ijvji gba es lgebtgebja `hr g ihbd telj

J7-Eb U, g`tjr sjohba ebmjotehb, tnj ohbojbtrgtehb h` gbtechaejs rjauojs sihwiy th cjihw

tnj ellubety ijvji

7

7 3

Tny es sjohba ebmjotehb rjquerja cy ebaeveaugi x gba U

^ th chhstjr/steluigtj prhauotehb /rjijgsja h` tnj gbtechay//th eborjgsj prhauotehb h`

gbtechay

U= ogb dh gdgebst//ajstrhy tnj gbtedjb /prjvjbt aesjgsjs

7

7 3

Ae``jrjboj Bglj tnj typj h` ellubety hctgebja cy ebaeveaugi gba ebaeveaugi

Ohlpgrj gba ohbtrgst cjtwjjb tnj typj h` ellubety hctgebja cy ebaeveaugi ^ gba

ebaeveaugi U

Ebaeveaugi U Ebaeveaugi

@7-Grteèoegiiy goquerja gotevj ellubety @3-Grteèoegiiy goquerja [gssevj ellubety

A7-Ellubety es hctgebja tnrhudn gbebmjotehb wetn g vgooebj

A1Ellubety es hctgebja tnrhudn gbebmjotehb wetn sjrul wneon ohbtgebsspjoeèo gbtechay

A3-Ahjs bht rjsuit eb elljaegtjellubety gdgebst aesjgsj

A:rjsuit eb elljaegtj ellubety gdgebstaesjgsj

A?_eboj tnj chay prhauoj hwbgbtechaejs ,tnj ebauoja ellubety usugiiy

igsts `hr ihbd telj

A0-Gs tnj chay ahjs bht prhauoj ets hwbgbtechaejs tnj ellubety igsts hbiy `hr g

snhrt tjrl gba h``jrs tjlphrgry

3

3

3

3

>

Devj twh ae``jrjbojs cjtwjjb tnj typjs h` ellubety hctgebja cy ebaeveaugi ^ gba U

e. Ebaeveaugi x es igstebd pjrlgbjbt wnjrjgs ebaeveaugi U es snhrt igstebd ht tjlphrgry

ee. Ebaeveauig es sihw rjsphsj cut ebaeveaugi U elljaegtj rjsphbsj

eee. Ebaeveaugi x bjja iylpnhoytjs th prhauoj gbtechay wnjrjgs ebaeveaugi U es rjgay U

rjgaylgaj gbtechay gby 3

7

7

7

?

_tgtj tnj ae``jrjboj h` tnj gbtechay ohbojbtrgtehb eb tnj cihha cjtwjjb ebaeveaugi x gba

ebaeveaugi U .Jxpigeb yhur gbswjr

Ebaeveaugi G =ellubety igst ihbdjr

Ellubety C Sjojevj elljaegtj ellubety

7

7 3


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[rjaeotebd


G chy wgs cettjb cy g sbgfj. Nj wgs ubohbsoehus gba nj wgs nhspetgiesja.

(o) Zsebd yhur cehihdeogi fbhwijadj, ajsorecj nhw yhu ohuia sgvj tnes chy.@7= _bgfj vjbhl / thxeb gots gs gbtedjb th hur chay

@3= Ebmjotehb h` sjrul wneon ohbtgebs ebstgbt gbtechaejs /gbtesjrul / gbte-thxeb lust cj devjb

th tnj pgtejbt.

@?= Gbtechay-gbtedjb gotehb hoourja vjry `gst

@1= Gbtethxeb/ gbtechay rjgots wetn thxeb / sbgfj vjbhl/ gbtedjb gba bjutrgiezj et / nj es sgvja.

7

7

7

7 1

Gie wgs cettjb cy sbgfj gba cjohlj ubohbsoehus. Jxpigeb nhw yhu ogb sgvj Gie

[7-Ebmjotja cy gbtesjrul ohbtgebebd gbtechay/gbtechay tnrhudn grteèoegi pgssevj ellubety

[3-Sjgaylgaj gbtechay weii ajstrhy/bujtrgiesj gbtedjb /vjbhl

7

7 3

GEA_ (goquerja Ellubhajèoejboy)


G``jot Qnj rgtj h` nulgb ellubhajèoejboy (NEP) eb`jotehb ohbtebujs th eborjgsj rgpeaiy gii hvjr tnj

whria4

(e)Jxpigeb nhw tnj NEP g``jots gba oreppijs tnj chays ellubj systjl

[7= NEP eb`jots njipjr Q ojiis (Q-iylpnhoytjs)

[3= Ajorjgsj eb tnj bulcjr

[?= Qnj chay cjohljs wjgf gba aj`jbojs gdgebst pgtnhdjb s

[1= Qnj pgtejbt aejs `rhl htnjr sjohbagry eb`jotehbs j.d. pbjulhbeg,Fgphse sgrohlg

Jxpigeb nhw NEP g``jot tnj chays ellubj systjl 1

@-NEP wjgfjb tnj ellubj systjl

J7-Cy gttgofebd QIylpnhoytjs wneon ohhraebgtj tnj ellubj systjl

J3-Ajorjgsj eb tnj ùbotehb h` bjrvhus systjl

J?-tnj pgtejbt ogb jxphsj nelsji` th sjohbagry eb`jotehb

Aegdrgl 7;.0 snhws tnj struoturj h` Nulgb Ellubhajèoejboy Perus (NEP). Qnj verus

ogusjs Goquerja Ellubj Ajèoejboy _ybarhlj (GEA_) tngt eb`jots tnj nulgb ellubj

systjl.

Ajsorecj tnj j``jot h` NEP hb tnj chays aj`jboj ljongbesl


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@ - NEP rjprhauoj ebseaj tnj iylpnhoytj

[7 - ijss gbtechay es prhauoja // ajstruotehb h` ellubj systjl

[3 - et tgfj > -7; yjgrs `hr tnj sylpthls h` aesjgsj th gppjgr.

[? - tnj chay prhbj th vgrehus eb`jotehbs

[1 - ellubj systjl ohiigpsjs gba veotel aejs.

Tgy th prjvjbt _uddjst wgys th prjvjbt tnj sprjga h` NEP

[:= rj`rgebebd `hrl prhlesouhus cjngvehr gba usj h` ohbahl

[0= _teofy sorjjbebd h` ahbgtja cihha

[4= Zsj h` stjreij bjjaijs gba syrebdjs

[>= Ogrry hut gwgrjbjss oglpgedbs th lgfj tnj pucieo gwgrj h` agbdjrs NEP gba nhw et

sprjgas Gby ? [

7.0 Gprjoegttebd g njgitny ograehvgsouigr systjl


Gagptgtehb Njgrt es vjry elphrtgbt eb tnj nulgb trgbsphrt systjl

Jxpigeb tnj gagptehb h` lusoij tessuj eb hrajr `hr tnj njgrt th ùbotehb j`èoejbtiy3

J7-Ograego lusoij rjquerj jbjrdy th ohbtrgot gba rjigx

J3-Lethonhbareg rjijgsja jbjrdy (tnrhudn ojii rjspergtehb )

@7-Lusoij tessuj es lyhdjbeo

J7-Tneon ohbtrgot gba rjigx wetnhut steluigtehb cy bjrvj elpuisjJ7-Jxojss onhijstjrhi ajphsetja hb ebbjr wgiis h` grtjrejs J3-Ssiuts eb gtnjrhsoijrhses ( Iuljb h`

grtjrejs cjohlj slgiijr

J?-Cihha ìhw es rjauoja ogusebd tnj njgrt th pulp `gstjr

J1-Nhdn prjssurj es jxjrtja hb tnj oedgrjttj slhfj rjauoj suppiy h` hxydjb th tnj njgrt

J0-Beohtebj E tnj oedgrjttj ngrajbs tnj wgii h grtjrejs

J4-Sjauoj tnj jigsteoety h` cihha vjssjis

J>-Ogusebd nedn cihha prjssurj /ogusebd njgrt gttgof


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J``jot Lr _ungrae wnh es 13 yjgrs hia es gb jaethr `hr g `glhus lgdgzebj. Sjojbtiy nj es ohbèrlja th cj

su``jrebd `hrl ograehvgsouigr aesjgsj. Nj ngs g `jw cga ngcets suon gs slhfebd 3; oedgrjttjs g agy,

tgfebd `gst `hha ljgi gba igofebd h` jxjroesj 7;

Gcij th jxpigeb tnj rjgshb h` ograehvgsouigr aesjgsj cjogusj h` slhfebd 3; oedgrjttjs g agy

@7-Eb tnj oedgrjttj/thcgooh slhfj,tnjrj es ogrchb lhbhxeaj,tgr gba beohtebj tngt ogusj

ograehvgsouigr aesjgsj

[7-Ogrchb lhbhxeaj rjauojs tnj hxydjb suppiy th tnj njgrt gba chay ojiis ogusebd grtjrehsoijrhses

[?-Beohtebj steluigtj tnj prhauotehb h` garjbgiebj nhrlhbj, wneon eborjgsj tnj njgrt rgtj gba

cihha prjssurj

[1-Beohtebj jbohurgdjs cihha oihttebd eb tnj bgrrhw grtjry ogusebd ograehvgsouigr aesjgsjs

[:-Qgreb tnj thcgooh slhfj es ogroebhdjbeo/ogusj ogbojr/ogusj lutgtehb

Gcij th jxpigeb tnj rjgshb h` ograehvgsouigr aesjgsj cjogusj h` ohbstgbtiy tgfebd `gst `hha ljgi

@3-@gst `hha ohbtgeb g iht h` ubsgturgtja `gt bga onheijstrhi

[0-@gt gba onhijstjrhi ajphset hb tnj grtjregi wgiis

[4-Qnj iuljb cjohljs slgii , gba ets wgii ngrajbs

[>-Ijss cihha ìhw /cihha ìhw cihofja

[5-Ogusjs gtnjrhsoijrhses

[7;-Cihha oihts ogb cj `hrlja eb tnj grtjry ogusebd tnrhlchses

@3+gby 3[s

Gcij th jxpigeb tnj rjgshb h` ograehvgsouigr aesjgsj cjogusj h` Igofebd h` jxjroesj

@?-Jxjroesj rjauoj gt ijvji eb tnj cihha[77-rjuauoj tnj resf h` grtjrehsoijrhses cjogusj tnjrj es ijss gt ajphsets hb tnj cihha vjssji wgiis

[3-Eborjgsj ograehvgsouigr aurgceiety

[7?-Cihha oerouigthry systjl cjohljs lhrj j`èoejbt gba slhhtn

[71-Eborjgsj tnj njgrt strjbdtn

@?+gby3[s

Jxpigeb tnj j``jot h` tgfebd jxojss `gtty `hha eb tnj ihbd tjrl th hur cihha oerouigthry systjl /

nulgb njgitny ie`j.

[7 - @gtty `hha ohbtgeb nedn onhijstjrhi ijvji eb cihha

[3 - Hur chay ngs cjttjr gceiety th sthrj gts rgtnjr tngb usj et ( rjijgsj jbjrdy)

[? - Onhijstjrhi ajphsetja (eb ebbjr wgii) h` grtjry ogusj grtjrehsoijrhses[1 - Iuljb h` grtjry cjohlj slgiijr / bgrrhw ogusj nedn cihha prjssurj

[: - E` ohrhbgry grtjry es cihofja, ogusj gbdebg / njgrt gttgof

(bh hxydjb gba butrejbt th tnj njgrt es suppieja)

[0 - E` grtjry th tnj crgeb es cihofja, ogusj strhfj


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Gcihha tjst snhws tngt g lgbs jrytnrhoytjs ohubt es cjihw bhrlgi. Jxpigeb tnj phssecij

ohbsjqujbojs h` tnes ohbaetehb hb nes njgitn.

[7- Ijss rja cihha ojiis(SCO / jrytnrhoytj)/ ngjlhdihceb th ohlcebj wetn hxydjb

[3- th `hrl hxyngjlhdihceb

[? - ijss hxydjb trgbsphrtja th chay ojiis/ tessujs// ijss hxydjb ae`ùsjs ebth tnj chay tessuj[1 - `hr ojiiuigr rjspergtehb

[: - ijss jbjrdy es prhauoja

[0 - rjsuitebd eb terjabjss/ crjgtnijssbjss/ wjgfbjss// `gteduj

[4- [gij ihhfebd gppjgrgboj // gbgjleg.

Sjauoj resfh`

ograehvgsouigr aesjgsj

Jxpigeb nhw g njgitny ie`jstyij ijgas th g njgitny ograehvgsouigr systjl 7;

Oretjreg=

O7 Tngt grj ograehvgsouigr aesjgsjs

O3 @gothrs ohbtrecutj th ograehvgsouigr aesjgsj

O3 Tgys th jbsurj g njgitny ograehvgsouigr systjl

(@7= Tngt grj ograehvgsouigr aesjgsjs)

[7.7 Ograehvgsouigr aesjgsjs grj aeshrajrs h` tnj njgrt / tnj cihha oerouigthry systjl

[7.3= Jxglpijs - ohrhbgry tnrhlchses/gtnjrhsoijrhses / njgrt gttgof/nypjrtjbsehb/jlchiesl /

gbdebg

(@3= @gothrsauj th )

[3= djbjteo / `gleiy nesthry /gdj

[3.7= tnj typj h` `hha wj jgt / cga jgtebd ngcets

[3.3= aejt nedn eb `gts/ onhijstjrhi gba ihw eb ècrj

[3.?= ajèoejboejs eb gbtehxeagbt vetglebs gba lebjrgis

[3.1= sjajbtgry ie`jstyij / igof h` jxjroesj

[3.:= strjss / oedgrjttj slhfebd

[3.0= hcjsety / aegcjtjs

(@?= Tgys th jbsurj g njgitny ograehvgsouigr systjl)

[?.7= G njgitny ie`jstyij - rjduigr jxjroesj gba g prhpjr cgigboja aejt

[?.3= Gvhea / lebelezj-jxojss sudgr - nedn eb ogihrejs

[?.? Gvhea / lebelezj prhojssja `hhas - ngrlùi grteèoegi sucstgbojs

[?.1= Gvhea /r lebelezj `hhas tngt ohbtgeb nyarhdjbgtja hr pgrtegiiy nyarhdjbgtja `gts gba trgbs

`gtty goeas

[?.:= Ohbsulptehb h` suon `hhas weii ogusj ograehvgsouigr aesjgsjs

[?.0= Ah bht ohhf ljgt hr `gt gt nedn tjlpjrgturjs

[?.4= (_uon prgoteoj weii) gvhea `gt gba onhijstjrhi hxeagtehb

[?.> ( rjsphbsecij hr) cueia up h` grtjregi pigquj / ebmury th grtjregi ojiis

[?.5= Jgt ijss - hbiy wnjb nubdry / ah bht hvjrjgt

[?.7;= Gajqugtj ècjr ebtgfj njip prjvjbt ograehvgsouigr aesjgsjs (njgrt gba strhfj)Gby tjb phebts


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7.4 Qnj trgbsphrt h` sucstgbojs eb pigbts


Fbhwijadj

G C

Tngt es tnj struoturj snhwb eb aegdrgl

G= rhht

C= stjl

7

7 3

_tgtj hbj rjgshb `hr yhur gbswjr `hr G

[rjsjbojs h` rhht nger

Argwebd

_feii

Argw gba igcji tnj hcsjrvgtehb h` tnj rhht gba stjl out gorhss.

?

Pgsouigr Qessujs


FbhwijadjQnj stjl h` tnj pigbt es out gorhss gt ^U gba vejwja ubajr g leorhsohpj.

G orhss sjotehb h` tnj stjl es snhwb eb Aegdrgl 1.3.

_tgtj/Bglj wngt tessuj ^ gba U grj.

^ = [nihjl

U = ^yijl

7

7 3

@ubotehb

_tgtj tnj ubotehb h` tessuj .

[7= Qrgbsphrt aesshivja hrdgbeo shiutjs // hrdgbeo sucstgbojs

[3 = @rhl tnj ijgvjs th tnj sthrgdj hrdgbs ( j.d rhhts) V3 lgrfs\7

7 3

_tgtj tnj ubotehb h` tessuj .

[7= Qrgbsphrt wgtjr gba lebjrgi sgit

[3 = Tneon gcshrcja cy tnj rhhts up tnj stjls th tnj ijgvjs V3 lgrfs\7

7 3

[nihjl

^yijl


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Jxpjreljbt Aegdrgl 1.7 snhws tnj gppgrgtus sjt up eb gb jxpjreljbt th stuay tnj rhij h` tnj

vgsouigr tessuj eb tnj trgbsphrt h` wgtjr eb pigbts.

_tgtj tnj ubotehb h` tnj jhseb shiutehb

Qh stgeb tnj xyijl (vjssjis) (wetn rja ayj)7 7

Ae``jrjbojs _tgtj tnj ae``jrjbojs cjtwjjb tnj grrgbdjljbt h` vgsouigr cubaijs eb tnj stjl gba

vgsouigr tessujs eb tnj rhht h` aeohtyijahbhus pigbt gba g lhbhohtyijahbhus pigbt

aeohtyijahbhus pigbt Lhbhohtyijahbhusp pigbt

_tjl Pgsouigr cubaijs grrgbdja eb g

rebd

Pgsouigr cubaijs sogttjrja

tnrhudnhut tnj stjl

rhht ^yijl rgaegtjs `rhl tjn ojbtrj

eb tnj `hrl h` stgr gba [nihjl

èiis tnj grjg cjtwjjb tnj xyijl

tessuj

^yijl tessuj gitjrbgtjs wetn

pnihjl tessuj eb tnj hrl h` rebd

7

7

3

_trouturj Lgrfebd sonjlj Lgrfs

_truoturj h`

^yijl eb

rjigtehb thtrgbsphrt

Qessuj U (^yijl) es `hrlja `rhl tnj spjoegiezgtehb h` g ojii. Aurebd ojii

spjoegiezgtehb, tnj pigbt es ubgcij th prhauoj iedbeb.

Jxpigeb tnj j``jot h` tnes hb tnj ubotehb h` tessuj U. (xyijl)

@7 = Iedbeb es elphrtgbt th lgfj tessuj U strhbd // eborjgsj ets ljongbeogi strjbdtn

J7 = Tetnhut iedbeb, tessuj U weii ohiigpsj

J3 = Qnjrj`hrj, et ogbbht `hrl g ohbtebuhus nhiihw tucj

J? = Qh giihw wgtjr (lhijouijs) th ìhw upwgras ohbtebuhsiy

@3 = Iedbeb lgfjs tnj tessuj cjohlj elpjrljgcij

J1 = Lgtjregis ogbbht pgss ebth tnj xyijl ojiis

J: = Ogusjs tnj tessuj th cjohlj nhiiww

J0 = Giihws ohbtebuhus ìhw h` wgtjr V0 lgrfs\

Bhtjs = (@7 + gby 3 J7 / J3 / J?) gba (@3 + gby 3 J1 / J: / J0)

7

7

7

7

7

7

7

7 >

Jxpigeb nhw tnj xyijl vjssji es gagptja th ogrry hut ets ubotehb

@ -Qnj jba wgiis h` tnj xyijl vjssji grj hpjb

J7- _h tngt tnj ojii grj mhebja jba th jba th `hrl g ihbd ohbtebhus tucj

J3-Qnes grrgbdjljbt giihws wgtjr th ìhw upwgra ohbtebuhusiy `rhl hbj ojii th tnjbjxt

7

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7 ?


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Elphrtgboj Aesouss tnj elphrtgboj h` trgbsphrtgtehb h` wgtjr eb pigbts

@-Et es bjojssety/bjja .elphrtgbt ( hr wgtjr trgbsphrt eb pigbt th survevj)

J7-Tgtjr es g ljaeul th trgbsphrt lebjrgis

J3-Gs tnj ljaeul h` cehonjleogi rjgotehb (eb ojiis)

J?-Qrgbpergtehb orjgtjs g trgbspergtehbgi puii/puii wgtjr `hrl rhhts

J1-Jvgphrgtehb h` wgtjr (aurebd trgbspergtehb fjjps tnj pigbts ohhi

J:-Tgtjr prhveajs turdhr prjssurj hr supphrt

J0-Tgtjr /grj bjjaja eb dugra ojiis eb tnj hpjbebd h` sthlgtg gby : ohrrjot

7

7

7

7

7

7

7 :

_truoturj h`

[nihjl eb

rjigtehb th

trgbsphrt

_tgtj tnj typj h` trgbsphrt ebvhivja eb Aegdrgl 1.?.

Qrgbsihogtehb7 7

Jxpigeb wny ahjs tnj pgrt gchvj tnj rebd cjohlj swhiijb g`tjr twh wjjf

@ = Qnj prhauots h` pnhthsybtnjses ogbbht cj trgbsphrtja th tnj pgrts cjihw tnj rebd

[ = gs tessuj L / pnihjl es rjlhvja7

7 3

Jxpigeb wny ngvj tnj ijgvjs bht weitja g`tjr twh wjjfs.

@ = Tgtjr ogb steii cj trgbsphrtja th tnj ijgvjs[ = gs tessuj F / xyijl es bht rjlhvja `rhl tnj stjl

7

7 3

Cgsja hb tnj hcsjrvgtehb gchvj, jxpigeb tnj rhij h` pnihjl eb tnj trgbsphrt systjl eb

pigbts

@7-Qrgbsphrt tnj hrdgbeo sucstgbojs prhauoja `hrl pnhthsybtnjses th vgrehus pgrt h`

pigbt

[7-Hrdgbeo sucstgbojs ogbbht cj trgbsphrtja th tnj pgrt cjihw cjogusj tnjrj es bh

pnihjl

[3-tnj sucstgbojs goouluigtj eb tnj pgrt gchvj rebd pgrt, ogusj et th cj swhiijb

[?-_whiijb snhw tnj trgbsphrt h` hrdgbeo sucstgbojs es ohbtebuhus trgbsphrt

7

7

7

7 ?Cgsja hb Aegdrgl , jxpigeb wngt ngppjbs th tnj trjj g`tjr hbj lhbtn.

[7 - [nihjl es rjlhvja

[3 - diuohsj / hrdgbeo sucstgboj ogbbht cj trgbsphrtja th tnj rhht/

cjihw tnj rebd / ahwbwgras

[? - sh, diuohsj goouluigtj gt tnes pgrt (uppjr pgrt h tnj rebd)

[1 - Zppjr pgrt h` tnj rebd swjiis / cjohlj ceddjr

7

7

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7 ?


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Gagptgtehb [nihjl grj elphrtgbt struoturj eb pigbt trgbsphrt systjl

Jxpigeb nhw [nihjl eb tnj ijg` njip eb pigbt trgbsphrt

[7-[nihjl tessuj ohlphsja h` sejvja tucjs

[3-Tetn tnj jba wgiis h` jgon ojii grj pjr`hrgtja cy phrjs th `rhl sejvjs pigtjs

[?-Tneon giihw sucstgbojs th pgss `rhl hbj ojii th gbhtnjr

7

7

7

7 ?

Elphrtgboj _tgtj twh elphrtgbt h` trgbsihogtehb eb pigbts

@7-@hr drhwtn gba rjspergtehb

@3-Jxojss hrdgbeo sucstgboj j.d. diuohsj trgbsphrtja th cj sthrj gs stgron

7

7 3

[rjaeotebd S(ohlpgbehb) pigy gb elphrtgbt rhij eb njipebd s eb tnj pigbt trgbsphrtgtehb

[rjaeot wngt weii ngppjb th tnj pigbt e` struoturj r es bht prjsjboj8

[7-Qnj pigbt weii ayj

[3-(Tetnhut S/ohlpgbehb ojii) bh jbjrdy weii cj prhveaja th tnj sejvj tucj

[?-Njboj aesshivj hrdgbeo sucstgbojs suorhsj/ogbbht cj trgbsphrtja (`rhl ijgvjs th

tnj sthrgdj hrdgb htnjr pgrt h` pigbt) gby 3

7

7

7

7 3

[rjaeot tnj j``jot h` rjlhvebd tnj rebd cgrf `hrl tjn crgbon

Jxpigeb yhur gbswjr.

[7-Qnj crgbon weii cj aej

[3-Hwebd th g igof h` hrdgbeo sucstgbojs eb tnj pgrts cjihw tnj rebds

7

7 3

7.> tnj lhvjljbt h` wgtjr `hrl rhht th ijgvjs


Aegdrgl snhws shlj ojiis ebvhivja eb tnj ihss h` wgtjr `rhl pgrt h` g ijg`

Bglj tnj tessuj igcjija ^ gba U

^=^yijl tessuj

U=_phbdy ljshpnyii

7

7 3

Hb tnj aegdrgl ,usj grrhws ( ) th ebaeogtj tnj lhvjljbt h` wgtjr ngt rjsuits eb tnj ihss h`

wgtjr tnrhudn trgbspergtehb 7

7 7

Qnj ceddjr tnj sezj h` tnj ijgvjs, tnj nednjr tnj rgtj h` trgbspergtehb

Jxpigeb tnj gchvj stgtjljbt3

@-Lhrj wgtjr weii ae``usjs hut `hrl tnj ijg`

J7-_ur`goj grjg tngt jxphsja th surrhubaebd es ceddjr/igrdjr

J3-Lubcjr h` sthlgtg es nednjr/lhrj sthlgtg

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Qnj jxtjrbgi ohbaetehb tngt g``jot tnj rgtj h` trgbspergtehb


Fbhwijadj Qrgbspergtehb es tnj ihss wgtjr `hrl g ievebd pigbt auj th jvgphrgtehb

_tgtj twh jxtjrbgi ohbaetehbs g``jotebd tnj rgtj h` trgbspergtehb 3

[7-Iednt ebtjbsety

[3-Qjlpjrgturj

[?-nuleaety

[1-ger lhvjljbt

7

7

7

7 1

Jssgy Jbngbojljbt ohrbjrJxpigeb tnj elphrtgboj h` trgbspergtehb .Ajsorecj tnj j``jot h` jxtjrbgi ohbaetehb hb trgbspergtehb


Ajèbetehb @-Qrgbspergtehb es tnj ihss h` wgtjr vgphur tnrhudn jvgphurgtehb `rhl tnj ijgvjs h`

pigbts

7

[7-tnj ihss h` wgtjr es rjpigoja cy tnj gcshrptehb h` wgtjr rhl tnj shei

[3-Qrgbspergtehb njip eb tnj gcshrptehb gba trgbsphrtgtehb wgtjrgbalebjrgi ehbs

h` `rhl tnj shei

7

7

Jxtjrbgi`gothr

@7-Jxtjrbgi gothr suon gs iednt ebtjbsety, tjlpjrgturj, nuleaetygba ger lhvjljbt

g``jot trgbspergtehb rgtj

7

Iedntebtjbsety

@7-Gb eborjgsj eb iednt ebtjbsety eborjgsjs tnj rgtj h` trgbspergtehb

J7-Iednt steluigtj tnj hpjbebd h` sthlgtg, Gs g rjsuit lhrj wgtjr vgphur jvgphrgtj

gba ae`ùsj hut h` tnj sthlgtg

7

7

Qjlpjrgturj @7-Nednjr tjlpjrgturj eborjgsj tnj rgtj h` jvgphrgtehb h` èil h` wgtjr hb ljshpnyii

sur`goj

J7-Qnj rgtj h` ae`ùsehb h` wgtjr hut h` tnj sthlgtg gish eborjgsj

7

7

Ger

lhvjljbt

@7-Goouluigtja wgtjr vgphur hb tnj ijg` sur`goj weii rjlhvj cy `gstjr ger lhvjljbt

J7-Ger lhvjljbt eborjgsjs tnj ohbojbtrgtehb drgaejbt cjtwjjb tnj wgtjr vgphur eb

tnj ijgvjs gba tnj gtlhspnjrj hutseaj

7

7

Nuleaety @7-Nedn nuleaety surrhubaebd tnj ijgvjs rjauojs tnj jvgphrgtehbs wgtjr tnrhudn

sthlgtg

J7-ogusj jvgphrgtehb th sihw ahwb

7

7 7;

Jxpigeb nhw tnj gothrs g``jot tnj rgtj h` trgbspergtehb8


Qjlpjrgturj

Jxpigeb nhw tnj gothrs tngt g``jot tnj rgtj h` trgbspergtehb

@7-Jbverhbljbtgi tjlpjrgturj eborjgsjs ,tnj rgtj h` jvgphrgtehb h` wgtjr`rhl tnjsur`goj h` ijgvjs eborjgsjs

J7-Njboj tnj rgtj h` trgbspergtehb eborjgsjs gs nedn tjlpjrgturj/ ajorjgsjs gt ihw

tjlpjrgturj

7

7


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Iedntebtjbsety

@3- Qnj iednt ebtjbsety eborjgsjs, et weii spjja up tnj rgtj h` trgbspergtehb

J3-Tnjb iednt ebtjbsety es nedn, tnj sthlgtg hpjb, Ogusj tnj rgtj h` trgbspergtehbeborjgsjs

J1-Tnjb iednt ebtjbsety es ihw ,sthlgtg oihsj, ogusj rgtj h` trgbspergtehb ajorjgsjs

7

7

7

Ger

lhvjljbt

@?-wnjb ger lhvjljbt es `gst, et eborjgsj tnjrgtj h` jvgphrgtehb gba ogusj tnj rgtj h`

trgbspergtehb eborjgsj

@1Tnjb tnjrj es bh ger lhvjljbt

7

7

0

Qnj lhvjljbt h` wgtjr `rhl shei th ijgvjs

Aegdrgl snhws tnj pgtnwgy h` wgtjr trgbsphrt eb tnrjj ae``jrjbt pgrt I,L gba B h` g pigbt


Jxpigeb nhw tnj rgtj h` wgtjr trgbsphrt tnrhudn I, L gba B es g``jots hb g webay agy >

@7-Sgtj h` wgtjr trgbsphrttnrhudn I, L gba B es nednjrhb g webay agy

@3-Tnjb tnj ger lhvjljbt eborjgsj/weba , lhrj wgtjr vgpuhr weii jvgphrgtj `hrl tnj

sur`goj h` tnj ljhspnyii ojiis ebth tnj ger spgojs

7

7

[grt I/

Ijgvjs

J3-tnj lhvebd ger weii lhvj lhrjwgtjr vgphurgwgy `hrl tnj sthlgtg

J?-eborgjsjstnj ohbojbtrgtehb drgaejbt cjtwjjb tnj wgtjr vgphur eb tnj ijg` gba tnj hutseaj

h` tnj ijg`

J1-Qnj ihst h` wgtjr `hrl ljshpnyii ojii lgfjs tnj ojii nypjrthbeo th gb gamgojbt ojiis

/xyijl

J:-Lhrj wgtjr `rhl tnj (gamgojbt ojiis /xyijl vjssjis) ae``usjs eb th ljshpnyii ojii cy

hslhses

J0-Eborjgsj tnjtrgbspergtehbgi puii

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[grt B/

stjl

J4-[rjsjboj h` ohnjsevj/wgtjr gba lhijouij ceba thdjtnjr//ganjsevj /wgtjr lhijouij gba

xyijl wgii /ogpeiigry gotehbJ>-Ogusjs tnj wgtjr th lhvjs ohbtebuhusiy upwgra

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[grt L/

rhht=

J5-tnj trgbspergtehbgi puii argwb lhrj wgtjr `rhl tnj xyijl eb tnj ijgvjs gba stjl gba

jvjbtugiiy `rhl tnj xyijl eb tnj rhht

J7;-_hei es nypjrthbeo ohlpgrja th tnj rhht nger//veoj vjrsg

J77-Lhrj wgtjr hr tnj shei ae``usjs ebth tnj rhht nger cy hslhses

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Lhvjljbt h` wgtjr tnrhudn stjl

S gba s grj vgsouigr tessuj. Jxpigeb nhw S gba _ grj ebvhivja eb tnj lhvjljbt h` sucstgbojs eb

pigbts


@7-_ grj

xyijl

(vjssjis)

[3-^yijl /_ grj wjii gagptja `hr wgtjr trgbsphrt wneon grj ihbd/bgrrhw/ohbtebhus

tucjs

[?-Tneon trgbsphrt wgtjr eb pigbts

[:-Cy ogpeiigry gotehb

[:-Auj th tnj `hroj cjtwjjb wgtjr lhijouij /ohnjsehb `hroj,gba tnj `hroj cjtwjjb

wgtjr lhijouij gba wgii h` xyijl /_/ganjsehb `hroj

HS

[1-Cy rhht prjssurj

[:-Tgtjr jbtjrs xyijl cu hslhses

HS

[1-Cy trgbspergtehbgi puii[:-Tgtjr es puiija hut h` xyijl (aurebd trgbspergtehb )

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@3-[nihjl [7-S grj pnihjl /sejvj tucjs gba ohlpgbehb ojiis

[3-Tneon trgbsphrt hrdgbeo ohlphuba/diuohsj/prhauot h` pnhthsybtnjses

[?-Cy trgbsihogtehb gby 3

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Qnj rjduigtehb h` trgbspergtehb cy sthlgtg

Gb jxpjreljbt hb g pigbt es ogrreja hut th stuay tnj rgtj h` wgtjr ihss `rhl ;:;; th ;?;; tnj bjxt agy.

Drgpn 0.7 snhws tnj rjsuit h` tnj jxpjreljbt gba aegdrgl 0.3 snhws tnj struoturj h` g sthlg gba tnj

ojiis `huba eb tnj jpeajrlgi igyjr h` g ijg`.


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(g) Cgsja hb tnj drgpn, jxpigeb nhw iednt ebtjbsety gba tnj struoturj eb aegdrgl 0.3 g``jot tnj rgtj

h` wgtjr ihss 7;

@7 = @rhl ;:;; th ;74;, tnj rgtj h` wgtjr ihss eborjgsjs

J7= Iednt ebtjbsety eborjgsjs

J3 = steluigtjs pnhthsybtnjses eb tnj dugra ojiis./ (Qnj dugra ojiis) stgrt prhauoebd diuohsj

J? = Qnes lgfjs jbjrdy gvgeigcij `hr phtgsseul th lhvj ebth dugra ojiis

J1 = cy gotevj trgbsphrt

J: = (Qnj dugra ojiis) cjohlj nypjrthbeo (ohlpgrja th tnj ojii sgp) h` tnj jpeajrlgi ojiis.

J0 = Tgtjr lhijouijs `rhl tnj jpeajrlgi ojiis ae`ùsj ebth tnj dugra ojiis cy hslhses

J4 = Ogusebd tnj dugra ojiis th cjba hutwgras

J> = tnj sthlg hpjbs (th giihw wgtjr th jsogpj th tnj gtlhspnjrj tnrhudn et)

@3 = @rhl ;74; th ;?;;, tnj rgtj h` wgtjr ihss ajorjgsjs

J5 = Iednt ebtjbsety ajorjgsjs / ogusjs tnj rgtj h` pnhthsybtnjses th ajorjgsj / shhb sthp.

J7; = Qnj dugra ojiis cjohlj ìgooeaJ77 = gba cjba ebwgras

J73= Qnj sthlg oihsjs gba tnes prjvjbt wgtjr lhijouijs th jsogpj tnrhudn et.

Bhtjs = (@7 + gby : Js) + (@3 + ? Js)

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(c) Aegdrgl snhws ojii W aurebd agy telj

Jxpigeb nhw iednt ebtjbsety g``jot tnj hpjbebd h` struoturj S ?@7-Nedn iednt ebtjbsety steluigtjs pnhthsybtnjses eb dugra ojiis /ojii

J7-Drugra ojiis prhauoebd diuohsj //[htgsseul ehbs (F+) ae`ùsjs /lhvjs ebth dugra ojiis cy

gotevj trgbsphrt

J3-Qnj dugra jiis cjohlj nypjrthbeo ohlpgrj th bjednchrebd ojii

J?-Tgtjr lhvjs ebth/ae`ùsjs cy hslhses

J1-Dugra ojiis/Ojii W cjohlj turdea(_thlg hpjb)

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(g) Qnj sezj h` phrj Q es ohbtrhiija cy twh dugra ojiis

Jxpigeb tnj prhojss wneon hoours eb tnj hpjbebd h` phrj Q

@7-Aurebd tnj agy//tnj prjsjboj h` subiednt

@3-Durga ojiis ogrry hut pnhthsybtnjses//diuohsj es prhauoj

J7-gotevj trgbsphrt h` phtgsseul ehbs ebth tnj dugra ojiis eborjgsjs

J3-Hslhteo prjssurj eb tnj dugra ojiis eborjgsjs

J?-Tgtjr jbtjr tnj dugra ojiis eborjgsjs

J1-Tgtjr jbtjr tnj dugra ojiis cy hslhses

J:-Nyarstgteo prjssurj eb tnj dugra ojiis eborjgsjs

J0-tnj dugra ojiis cjohlj turdea gby 1 ohrrjot

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(c) aegdrgl snhws tnj hpjbebd h` sthlgtg aurebd tnj leaagy

Ajsorecj tnj ongbdj tngt tgfj pigoj eb dugra ojiis wneon ogusja tnj gchvj setugtehb

@-Igrdj glhubt/nednjr ohbojbtrgtehb h` diuohsj eb dugra ojiis prhauoja cy tnj pnhthsybtnjses

J7-F+ ehbs grjg gotevjiy pulpja `rhl surrhubaebd jpeajrlgi ojiis ebth tnj dugra ojii

J3-Et ogusjs hslhteo prjssurj eb dugra ojiis eborjgsj//tnj dugra ojii cjohlj lhrj ohbojbtrgtja

tngb bjednchr ojiis/gamgojbt ojiis

J?-Tgtjr hrl bjednchr ojiis lhvj eb tnj dugra ojiis cy hslhses

J1-tnj dugra ojiis cjohlj turdea gba ourvj hut wgra gba sthlgtg hpjb

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(o) Jxpigeb tnj lhvjljbt h` wgtjr lhijouij `hrl ger spgoj tnrhudn phrj Q 3

@-tnj ihst h` wgtjr (lhijouij) `hrl g pigbt ebth tnj gtlhspnjrj

J7-eb tnj hrl h` wgtjr vgphr//jvgphrgtehb h` wgtjr

J3-Hoours wnjb tnj wgtjr ohbtjbt eb tnj gtlhspnjrj es ihwjr tngb ( eb tnj suc-syglgygi ger

spgoj ) eb ijgvjs(Goojpt tnj ae``jrjboj eb gby suetgcij pnyseogi ohbaetehb cjtwjjb tnjsj twh

rjdehbs) gby3

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(a) Qnj pigbt es drhwb eb gb grjg wneon es jxphsja th nht wjgtnjr aurebd agy

Jxpigeb tnj gagptgtehb h` pigbt eb hrajr th survevj eb tnj jbverhbljbt

Ijgvjs /(yhubd) stjl grj ohvjrja wetn tneof outeoij /wgxy

Ngvj subfjbja sthlgtg//sthlgtg grj eb drhhvjs

Lhrj sthlgtg hb tnj ihwjr jpeajrles (ohlpgrja th tnj uppjr jpeajrles)

tnj sthlgtg grj oihsja aurebd tnj agy //gcshrptehb h` ogrchb aehxeaj `hr pnhthsybtnjses

hoours aurebd tnj bednt

tnj yhubd ijgvjs rhii /th rjauojs tnj sur`goj grjg

tnjsj grj th rjauoj tnj rgtj h` trgbspergtehb /ihst h` wgtjr `rhl tnj pigbt

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>?

_tgtj twh gagptgtehb h` tnj eb rjduigtebd tnj rgtj h` trgbspergtehb eb pigbt. Jxpigeb nhw tnjsj

gagptgtehbs njip eb tnj rgtj h` trgbspergtehb


@7-Dugra ojiiohbtgeb onihrhpigst

[7-Aurebd tnj agy telj subiednt steluigtjs pnhthsybtnjses eb tnj dugra ojii

[3-Diuohsj prhauoja aurebd pnhthsybtnjses djbjrgtjs tnj jbjrdy rjquerja `hr

tnj gotevj trgbsphrt h` phtgsseul ehbs(f+) `hrl gamgojbt ojiis ebth dugra ojiis

[?-Dugra ojii cjohlj nypjrthbeo,wgtjr `hrl gamgojbt ojiis ae`ùsjs ebth dugra

ojii cy hslhses

[1-Qnj dugra ojii swjii up cjohlj turdea

[:-Qnj turdea dugra ojiis cjba hutwgra,ogusj sthlgtg th hpjb `hr trgbspergtehb

[0-Gt bednt wnjb bh pnhthsybtnjses ogrry hut phtgsseul ehbs jxet tnj dugra ojii

[4-Tgtjr ae`ùsjs `rhl tnj nyphthbeo dugra ojiis th gamgojbt ojiis cy hslhses

[>-Dugra ojiis cjohlj ìgooea gba tnus tnj sthlg oihsjs th ihwjr tnj rgtj h`

trgbspergtehb

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@3-Dugra ojiingvj ojii wgii h`

ubjvjb tneofbjss.tnj ebbjr wgii estneofjr tngb tnj

hutjr igyjr

[7-Dugra ojii cjohlj turdea .tnj tnebbjr hutjr ojii wgii strjtonjs lhrj tngb tnjtneofjr ebbjr ojii wgii

[3-Qnus dugra ojii cjba hutwgra gba tnj sthlg hpjbs hr trgbspergtehb

[?-Tnjb Dugra ojiis cjohlj ìgooea, Qnj tnebbjr hutjr ojii wgii ahjs bhtstrjton tnus sthlgtg strgedntjb th oihsj tnj sthlg

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Eajbte`y tnes pnjbhljbg (duttgtehb ) gba ohlpgrj tnj twh pnjbhljbg trgbspergtehb gba duttgtehb


@-Qnj pnjbhljbhb snhwb es duttgtehb

_eleigrety=

Chtn trgbspergtehb gba duttgtehb ebvhivj tnj ihss h` wgtjr hrl pigbts

Ae``jrjbojs=

Duttgtehb Qrgbspergtehb

A7-Tgtjr ihss eb `hrl h` iequea Tgtjr ihss eb `hrl h` wgtjr vgphur

A3-Hoours tnrhudn g phrjs fbhwb gs

nyagtnhajs

Tgtjr lgebiy ihss tnrhudn sthlgtg

A?-Sgtj h` duttgtehb es nedn gt bednt hr

aurebd ohhi nulea lhrbebd

Qrgbspergtehb hoour aurebd agy telj hbiy

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BIOLOGY Form 5 Chapter 1 Transport

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