Biology I Proteins Regents Biology 2006-2007 Proteins: Multipurpose molecules.
Biology Day 2006
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Transcript of Biology Day 2006
How Does the Walrus How Does the Walrus Hear?Hear?
What Does the What Does the Walrus Say?Walrus Say?
Walrus HearingWalrus Hearing
Little knownLittle known Only one study and Only one study and
probably not entirely probably not entirely accurate. accurate.
AmphibiousAmphibious AerialAerial UnderwaterUnderwater
Outer and Middle EarOuter and Middle Ear
Sound vibrations travel to the pinna.Sound vibrations travel to the pinna. Sound is channeled to the ear drum Sound is channeled to the ear drum
(tympanic membrane)(tympanic membrane) Sound is amplified and travels across 3 Sound is amplified and travels across 3
bonesbones Malleus, Incus, StapesMalleus, Incus, Stapes
The Inner EarThe Inner Ear
CochleaCochlea Oval windowOval window
Doorway to CochleaDoorway to Cochlea Basilar MembraneBasilar Membrane
Vibrations lead to pitch and tone detectionVibrations lead to pitch and tone detection Hair CellsHair Cells
Bend as the basilar membrane rubs togetherBend as the basilar membrane rubs together Auditory NerveAuditory Nerve
Hair cells that bend release CaHair cells that bend release Ca++ that relays the that relays the message to the brain.message to the brain.
Cochlea-straightenedCochlea-straightened
Adaptations in WaterAdaptations in Water
Bone ConductanceBone Conductance Reduced PinnaReduced Pinna
Questions On HearingQuestions On Hearing
Do they Talk?Do they Talk?
NO!NO! Walruses communicateWalruses communicate
SoundsSounds TouchTouch SmellSmell BehaviorBehavior
ActivityActivity
Break into groupsBreak into groups Come up with sounds that you think a Come up with sounds that you think a
walrus would makewalrus would make Must give a demo of the soundMust give a demo of the sound Why does this sound matter?Why does this sound matter?
My ResearchMy Research
Study PinnipedsStudy Pinnipeds Pacific WalrusPacific Walrus Pacific Harbor SealPacific Harbor Seal California Sea LionCalifornia Sea Lion
Record Underwater SoundsRecord Underwater Sounds Look for Ultrasonic frequenciesLook for Ultrasonic frequencies Catalog the Repertoire at Higher Catalog the Repertoire at Higher
FrequenciesFrequencies
BackgroundBackground
Males are typically Males are typically vocal to attract vocal to attract females during females during breeding seasonbreeding season Pick up linePick up line
No studies on No studies on femalesfemales
Very vocal animalsVery vocal animals
GoalsGoals
To record underwater To record underwater sounds to look for sounds to look for ultrasonic ultrasonic components and components and potential use towards potential use towards echolocation.echolocation.
To observe behaviors To observe behaviors in attempt to in attempt to understand function understand function of sounds produced. of sounds produced.
MaterialsMaterials
Ithaco 605 Hydrophone- Ithaco 605 Hydrophone- Ultrasonic frequency Ultrasonic frequency response. response.
DELL XPS M140 Laptop.DELL XPS M140 Laptop. Goldwave sound analysis Goldwave sound analysis
program and recording program and recording software. software.
Spectrogram sound Spectrogram sound analysis program. analysis program.
MethodsMethods
Recordings taken Recordings taken during Spring and during Spring and Summer months of Summer months of 2006 at Brookfield 2006 at Brookfield Zoo between 6-10AM.Zoo between 6-10AM.
Behavioral notes Behavioral notes taken as needed as taken as needed as well as video. well as video.
What do I do with the What do I do with the datadata
Listen to sound filesListen to sound files Identify SoundsIdentify Sounds Analyze with Analyze with
SoftwareSoftware Identify certain Identify certain
featuresfeatures Run statistical testsRun statistical tests
Similar and differentSimilar and different
Glugs by JoanGlugs by Joan
Unclassified SoundUnclassified Sound
ConclusionsConclusions
Walruses make really Walruses make really cool soundscool sounds
Still not sure whyStill not sure why Much of it isn’t Much of it isn’t
ultrasonicultrasonic
Just for funJust for fun
QUESTIONS?QUESTIONS?
Mehgan Clark: [email protected]