Biology Chapter 9 - Endangered Ecosystem
-
Upload
marcus-thong -
Category
Documents
-
view
274 -
download
9
description
Transcript of Biology Chapter 9 - Endangered Ecosystem
![Page 1: Biology Chapter 9 - Endangered Ecosystem](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050622/553eb82a550346466d8b45e8/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
CHAPTER 9 :
ENDANGERED ECOSYSTEM
Prepared by : Cheow Hee Thong 4SB Cheong Qi Hui 4SB
![Page 2: Biology Chapter 9 - Endangered Ecosystem](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050622/553eb82a550346466d8b45e8/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Human Activities That Endangered or Threatened an Ecosystem
![Page 3: Biology Chapter 9 - Endangered Ecosystem](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050622/553eb82a550346466d8b45e8/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Human Activities That Have Undesirable Effects On The
Environment
![Page 4: Biology Chapter 9 - Endangered Ecosystem](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050622/553eb82a550346466d8b45e8/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Human Activities That Have Undesirable Effects On The
Environment
![Page 5: Biology Chapter 9 - Endangered Ecosystem](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050622/553eb82a550346466d8b45e8/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Human Activities That Have Undesirable Effects On The
Environment
![Page 6: Biology Chapter 9 - Endangered Ecosystem](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050622/553eb82a550346466d8b45e8/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Human Activities That Have Undesirable Effects On The
Environment
![Page 7: Biology Chapter 9 - Endangered Ecosystem](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050622/553eb82a550346466d8b45e8/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Deforestation and its Effects
The rapid destruction of woodlands.
OR
The removal of trees from forests.
![Page 8: Biology Chapter 9 - Endangered Ecosystem](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050622/553eb82a550346466d8b45e8/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
DEFORESTATION causes :
(a) Soil Erosion, landslides and flash floods-> Without proper development and planning -> Absence of plant root systems -> Soil structure unstable (make the land infertile)-> When heavy rain, soil crumbles-> Leads to landslides-> When rainy season (long period), flash floods
happen
![Page 9: Biology Chapter 9 - Endangered Ecosystem](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050622/553eb82a550346466d8b45e8/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
DEFORESTATION causes :
(b) Loss of Biodiversity-> Likely effects in tropical rainforests-> The removal of the bases of numerous food webs.-> Lost of habitats (Flora & Fauna)-> Extinction of varieties plants & animals
![Page 10: Biology Chapter 9 - Endangered Ecosystem](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050622/553eb82a550346466d8b45e8/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
DEFORESTATION causes :
(c) Disruption of Carbon and Nitrogen cycles-> The level of atmospheric carbon dioxide RISES, as LESS
carbon dioxide in the air is removed by plants during photosynthesis.
-> The level of atmospheric oxygen DROPS, as LESS oxygen is released by plants during photosynthesis.
-> Loss of nutrients through leaching and run-offs.
![Page 11: Biology Chapter 9 - Endangered Ecosystem](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050622/553eb82a550346466d8b45e8/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Burning of Fossil Fuels and its Effects
-> Adds about 75% of carbon dioxide (CO₂) to the atmosphere.-> Increase of CO₂ causes greenhouse effect and global warming
EARTH IS VERY HOT!!!!!!!! SO…..
STOP BURNING!!!!
![Page 12: Biology Chapter 9 - Endangered Ecosystem](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050622/553eb82a550346466d8b45e8/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
![Page 13: Biology Chapter 9 - Endangered Ecosystem](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050622/553eb82a550346466d8b45e8/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
The Process of EUTROPHICATION
![Page 14: Biology Chapter 9 - Endangered Ecosystem](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050622/553eb82a550346466d8b45e8/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
![Page 15: Biology Chapter 9 - Endangered Ecosystem](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050622/553eb82a550346466d8b45e8/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Carbon monoxide
Carbon dioxide
Fine particulate
matter, smoke and haze
Lead
Sulphur dioxide
Nitrogen oxide
![Page 16: Biology Chapter 9 - Endangered Ecosystem](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050622/553eb82a550346466d8b45e8/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
• Colourless and odourless gas.• Sources : -combustion fossil fuel -exhausts of vehicles• Effects : -Combines with haemoglobin and
affects the transport of oxygen to body cells. -Causes fatigue and headaches.
![Page 17: Biology Chapter 9 - Endangered Ecosystem](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050622/553eb82a550346466d8b45e8/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
![Page 18: Biology Chapter 9 - Endangered Ecosystem](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050622/553eb82a550346466d8b45e8/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
• SO2 formed when sulphuric compounds react with oxygen when combustion.
• Sources : -Burning of fossil fuels. -Volcanic gases.
• Effects : -Irritates eyes. -Cause asthmatic attacks.
• Solution : -Use low sulphur content fuels.
![Page 19: Biology Chapter 9 - Endangered Ecosystem](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050622/553eb82a550346466d8b45e8/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
• Sources : -Vehicle exhausts -Factories
• Effects : - Irritates lungs, nose, throat and eyes. -Cause respiratory infections.
• Solution : -Clean up emissions from car exhausts by installing catalytic converters to turn oxides of nitrogen into harmless nitrogen gas.
![Page 20: Biology Chapter 9 - Endangered Ecosystem](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050622/553eb82a550346466d8b45e8/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
• A complex mixture of fine liquid droplets/solid particles in the air, such as dust, smoke.
• Sources : -Incomplete combustion fossil fuels. Ex: The burning of oil wells and
dried paddy stalks. -Motorised vehicles.
![Page 21: Biology Chapter 9 - Endangered Ecosystem](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050622/553eb82a550346466d8b45e8/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
• Effects : -Irritates the eyes, nose and lungs -Dust cause lung diseases. -Smoke & haze can reduce light
intensity.• Solution : -More efficient burning of fuels in well
designed furnaces. -Stop open burning.
![Page 22: Biology Chapter 9 - Endangered Ecosystem](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050622/553eb82a550346466d8b45e8/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Lung Diseases
Designed Furnaces
![Page 23: Biology Chapter 9 - Endangered Ecosystem](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050622/553eb82a550346466d8b45e8/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
• Pb added to petrol to prevent inefficient burning of petrol-air mixture.
• Sources : -Poisonous lead compounds released into atmosphere when fuels burnt.
-Vehicle exhaust fumes.• Effects : -Damage the liver.
-Can result in coma or death.
• Solution : -Use unleaded petrol.
![Page 24: Biology Chapter 9 - Endangered Ecosystem](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050622/553eb82a550346466d8b45e8/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
• Acidic, colourless & odourless gas.
• Sources : -Open burning. -Combustion fossil fuel.
• Effects : -Greenhouse effect & global warming. -Atmospheric temperature increase.
• Solution : -Reduce the use of fossil fuels.
![Page 25: Biology Chapter 9 - Endangered Ecosystem](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050622/553eb82a550346466d8b45e8/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Atmospheric temperature
increases
![Page 26: Biology Chapter 9 - Endangered Ecosystem](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050622/553eb82a550346466d8b45e8/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
![Page 27: Biology Chapter 9 - Endangered Ecosystem](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050622/553eb82a550346466d8b45e8/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
• Acid rain is rain that is more acidic than normal.
• Acid rain damage involves weather, chemistry, soil, and the life cycles of plants and animals on the land and from acid rain in the water.
• Sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides are the major sources of acid rain.
![Page 28: Biology Chapter 9 - Endangered Ecosystem](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050622/553eb82a550346466d8b45e8/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
• The combustion of fossil fuels(coal, air and gas) in factories, power station & domestic boilers releases sulphur dioxide(SO2) and oxides of nitrogen(NO and NO2).
• SO2 and oxides of nitrogen combine with water vapour in atmosphere to form sulphuric acid & nitric acid.
• Then they fall to Earth as acid rain.• Rain is acidic, with a pH of about 5.6.
![Page 29: Biology Chapter 9 - Endangered Ecosystem](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050622/553eb82a550346466d8b45e8/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Power Dtation
Domestic Boilers
![Page 30: Biology Chapter 9 - Endangered Ecosystem](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050622/553eb82a550346466d8b45e8/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
![Page 31: Biology Chapter 9 - Endangered Ecosystem](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050622/553eb82a550346466d8b45e8/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Effects of acid rainEffects of acid rain• Soil becomes acidic and unsuitable for the
cultivation of crops.• Cause the leaching of minerals (potassiun,
calcium & magnesium).This affects the growth of crops.
• Increased acidity in the aquatic ecosystems also kills phytoplankton which changes the food chain.
![Page 32: Biology Chapter 9 - Endangered Ecosystem](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050622/553eb82a550346466d8b45e8/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
![Page 33: Biology Chapter 9 - Endangered Ecosystem](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050622/553eb82a550346466d8b45e8/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
• Acid rain can be reduced by: Cleaning up emissions from power station
and industrial plants with scrubbers. To involves the spraying of water to trap pollutants.
Cleaning up emisions from vehicle exhausts with the use of catalytic converters. To produce less harmful products.
![Page 34: Biology Chapter 9 - Endangered Ecosystem](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050622/553eb82a550346466d8b45e8/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Scrubber
Catalytic Converters
![Page 35: Biology Chapter 9 - Endangered Ecosystem](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050622/553eb82a550346466d8b45e8/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
• The air pollution index (API) is to measured the air quality.
• This index is calculated based on the concentrations of major air pollutants.
![Page 36: Biology Chapter 9 - Endangered Ecosystem](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050622/553eb82a550346466d8b45e8/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
• Air pollution levels divided into 5 bands :
![Page 37: Biology Chapter 9 - Endangered Ecosystem](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050622/553eb82a550346466d8b45e8/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
THANKS :DDD