Aim: What is a cell?Do Now: On your paper.Notes are in blue. COOL FACT: What is the biggest single

cell on Earth?

COOL FACT: What is the biggest single cell on Earth?

The nerve cells in a giraffe’s legs are the LONGEST single cells- each one is 2 meters (6 ½ feet) long!

Eggs are single cells- so an ostrich egg is one huge cell!

The algae Caulerpa looks like a multicellular plant- but is actually only a single cell- and it can grow to be a meter long (3 ¼ feet)!

Thiomargarita namibiensis is the largest bacteria on Earth- it’s 0.75 mm in diameter- so big you can see it with only your eye!!

Here are those big cells:

Thiomargarita namibiensis compared to a fruit fly!

CELLS

You have already learned that all living things perform the eight MRS. GONER life processes.

You can now add one more thing that all living things do. ALL LIVING THINGS ARE MADE UP OF CELLS.

Cell Theory

The foundation of modern biologyCredit for the theory is given to three

scientists: Theodor Schwann, Matthias Jakob Schleiden, and Rudolf Virchow.

What is Cell Theory?

All living things are made up of cells

The cell is the structural and functional unit of organisms

All cells come from pre-existing cells.

Today we can add:All cells contain DNA.

COMMON CELL TRAITS

A cell is the smallest unit that is capable of performing life functions.

Two types of cells

Prokaryotic: No nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles. Example: bacteria

Eukaryotic: Has a nucleus

and other membrane-bound organelles. Example: plants, fungi, and animals.

Prokaryotic Cells(proh KAYR ee yah tihk)

Eukaryotic Cells(yew KAYR ee yah tihk)

How many cells do living things have?

Organisms are made of one or more cells.

Unicellular organisms are made of one cell.

Multicellular organisms are made of many cells.

Prokaryotes are almost always unicellular.

Eukaryotes can be either unicellular or multicellular.

How many cells do multicellular organisms have?

Multicellular organisms can have some or MANY cells.

Human bodies contain around 50 trillion human cells.

Human bodies contain around 500 trillion BACTERIA cells

You are ten times more bacteria than “you” inside of YOU!

Cells Alive Activity!

http://www.cellsalive.com/cells/3dcell.htm

Wrap-Up!Turn to the chapter 3 word wall on page 95.

Record at least two “new to you” words that we used in class today.

Aim: How does a cell function?

Do Now: On your paper

Cell OrganellesOur bodies maintain

homeostasis through their organ systems.

Single cells need to maintain homeostasis too.

Cells use organelles to maintain homeostasis.

Organelles are cell structures that do specific jobs.

1. CELL MEMBRANE

Outer covering, protective layer around ALL cells

For cells with cell walls,the cell membrane is inside the cell wall

Allows food, oxygen, & water into the cell & waste products out of the cell.

Analogy Like your skin!

2. NUCLEUS

Directs all cell activities

Contains instructions for everything the cell does in the form of DNA

Analogy your brain!

3. NUCLEOLUS

Aka “little nucleus”

Found in the nucleus

Makes ribosomes, which make proteins.

4. RibosomesMake proteinsVery small, can be floating in

the cytoplasm or attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum.

5. Mitochondria

A cell’s “power plant” Makes ATP, which is the

main molecule that the cell uses for energy.

Analogy your muscles!

6. Endoplasmic ReticulumTWO TYPES:

Rough E.R.Smooth E.R.

Both types of E.R. move molecules around the cell

Analogy your circulatory system

7. Golgi Apparatus

Responsible for moving molecules to the outside of the cell!

Analogy your sweat glands!

8. Lysosome

Tiny pockets where molecules are broken down or stored

Analogy your stomach!

Only in Plants: 9. CELL WALL

Provides protection and stability for the plant cell

Only in Plants: 10. CHLOROPLAST

Where photosynthesis takes place

Plants make sugars here.

Only in Plants: 11. A Large, Central Vacuole

Full of water- makes plants rigidWhen vegetables get soft, they

have have lost water from their vacuoles.

Cell City Analogy

Complete the worksheet on page 98 of your workbook as a group.

Vocabulary Game!!Choose 8 vocab words from the list:

Prokaryotes Eukaryotes Cell membrane CytoplasmCytoskeleton NucleusRibosomes Golgi ApparatusMitochondria Lysosome Endoplasmic ReticulumCell Wall ChloroplastVacuole

Wrap-Up!Turn to the chapter 3 word wall on page 95.

Record at least two “new to you” words that we used in class today.

Aim: How do plants obtain nutrients?

Do Now: On your paperNotes are in yellow.

PhotosynthesisPhotosynthesis

Where does the energy that sustains all life come from?

The Sun!!(Well most of it anyway...)

PhotosynthesisPhotosynthesis

A process that uses light energylight energy, , carbon dioxide (COcarbon dioxide (CO22)) and water (Hwater (H22O)O) to produce glucoseglucose..

6CO2 + 6H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2

glucoseglucose

SUN

Light energyLight energy

internal leaf structure

chloroplastsouter membrane

inner membrane

thylakoid

Plant PhotosynthesisPlant Photosynthesis

Photosynthesis takes place in the

chloroplast

Question:Question:

• Why are plants green?

• Chlorophyll, the chemical that captures the sun's energy, is green!

PlantsPlants• Plants are Autotrophs: They produce their own food.• To do this, plants need:

– Energy (from the sun)– Water (from their ROOTS)– Carbon Dioxide (from their STOMA)

Stoma

Roots Obtain Water

• Roots obtain water using OSMOSIS

• Water is immediately pulled up to the leaves, so the inside of the roots is constantly hypertonic.

Stoma Obtain Carbon Dioxide• A Plant's Stoma are

like little mouths- they breathe in and out!

• Carbon dioxide comes in using diffusion

• Oxygen exits using diffusion

• To prevent water loss, stoma close during droughts!

ChloroplastChloroplast

• OrganelleOrganelle where photosynthesisphotosynthesis takes place.

GranumThylakoid

Stroma

Outer Membrane

Inner Membrane

Chlorophyll MoleculesChlorophyll Molecules• Chlorophyll molecules Chlorophyll molecules harvest harvest

energy by energy by absorbingabsorbing certain light certain light wavelengthswavelengths ( (blue-420 nm blue-420 nm and and red-660 nm red-660 nm are most important).are most important).

• PlantsPlants are are greengreen because the because the green wavelengthgreen wavelength is is reflectedreflected, , not absorbednot absorbed..

• In other words, plants In other words, plants DON'T USE DON'T USE green light!green light!

Wavelength of Light Wavelength of Light (nm)(nm)

400 500 600 700

Short wave Long wave(more energy) (less energy)

Absorption of Absorption of ChlorophyllChlorophyll

wavelengthwavelength

Absorption

violet blue green yellow orange red

Wrap-Up!Turn to the chapter 3 word wall on page 95.

Record at least two “new to you” words that we used in class today.

Aim: How are cellular respiration and photosynthesis

tomorrow?

Do Now: On your paper

Notes are in yellow

Cellular Respiration

Two Types: 1. Anaerobic (Without Oxygen)

– A. The Phosphagen System – B. Lactic Acid Fermentation– C. Alcohol Fermentation

2. Aerobic (With Oxygen)

Anaerobic RespirationThe Phosphagen

system…A compound called

creatine phosphate can make ATP (energy) very rapidly.

Allows muscles to work very hard, but only for a very short time.

Lasts for about 8-10 seconds.

Anaerobic RespirationLactic Acid Fermentation

causes... A BURNING SENSATION

IN YOUR MUSCLES.(What trainers are

talking about when they say, “FEEL THE BURN!!”)

This happens when your muscles run out of oxygen.

Anaerobic RespirationAlcohol Fermentation

is used by yeastHappens when yeast

cannot get oxygenHumans use it to

make bread and beer

Aerobic Cellular Respiration

• Aerobic cellular respiration releases energy by breaking down glucose using oxygen.

6O2 + C6H12O6 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP

oxygen+glucosecarbon dioxide+water+energy

Where Does Aerobic Respiration Happen?

• The cell organelle responsible for making energy

• Nicknamed the “powerhouse” of the cell.

• Mitochondria

Compare Photosynthesis & Respiration

• Photosynthesis:• Stores energy from the Sun

• 6CO2 + 6H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2

• Respiration:

• 6O2 + C6H12O6 6CO2 + 6H2O

• Releases Energy from Sugars (ATP)

• What do you notice?

What do you notice?• Photosynthesis:

• Respiration:

Carbon dioxide + water = sugar + oxygen

Sugar + Oxygen = Carbon dioxide + water

Photosynthesis and Respiration are OPPOSITE REACTIONS!!