BIOLOGY

Sebastian Oddone District SupervisorBIOLOGYSummer PDJune 2012Quarter 3PresentersMercy AycartJill BartleyMaggie GonzalezYoly [email protected] are all learners today working towards same goalsWe share discussion timeWe are respectful of each otherWe turn off all electronic devicesPlace all comments in parking lotIts all about us!

XIX CellsReview cell theory and discoveryReview cell structureReview cell organelles: their roles and functionsCell transportUNIT: REPRODUCTION (How do we grow?)What kind of engaging activities do you include with these topics?Cell Model Project (HSL)Diffusion and Osmosis (HSL)One of six topics in the 3rd quarterYou might even say that it is a well covered conceptWhat kind of engaging activities do you include? You will probably get cell model as one but after taking answers click to phase in the two hot labs (HSL) Cell Model Project and Diffusion and [email protected]

Handout: Item Specs L14.3Looking at the item specsWhat do students need to know?What do we need to emphasize during this [email protected] structure to function for the components of plant and animal cells. Explain the role of cell membranes as a highly selective barrier (passive and active transport). SC.912.L.14.2To compare and/or contrast the structures found in plant cells and in animal cells.To compare and/or contrast the structures found in prokaryotic cells and in eukaryotic cells.tto describe how structures in cells are directly related to their function in the cell.To explain the role of the cell membrane during active and passive transport.WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOWBenchmark clarification tells us that students need to know:[email protected] will not address protists or fungi or assess cellular structures unique to protists or fungi.Items referring to prokaryotic structures are limited to the cell wall, cell membrane (plasma membrane), cytoplasm, plasmid, ribosomes, and flagella.Items referring to eukaryotic structures are limited to the cell wall, cell membrane (plasma membrane), cytoplasm, nucleus, nuclear envelope, nucleolus, chromatin, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, microtubules, microfilaments, vacuoles, mitochondria, Golgi apparatus, chloroplasts, lysosomes, cilia, and flagella.Items referring to the role of the cell membrane may address hypotonic, hypertonic, and/or isotonic solutions; however, the assessment should be on processes and not terminology.CONTENT LIMITSAnd the content limits gives us more specific info [email protected]

CAN YOU EXPLAIN WHAT HAPPENS WHEN YOU GET WRINKLED FINGERS?THE LESSONWhen the cells in our hands and feet are in contact with water the amount of water in the cells is much less than in the surrounding environment so by the process of osmosis, the water will diffuse into the cells. The cells cannot hold this much water and they begin to buckle or wrinkle. So our fingers are not really shriveled, but are actually filled with an excess of water. This does not happen to the rest of our body because it is covered by a wax like layer called keratin. The keratin gets worn away on our hands and feet allowing the water into the cells.

Read more: Why do our fingertips become wrinkled under water. http://www.weirdfacts.com/fun-facts-a-stuff/3111-finger-tips.html#[email protected] story

A shipwrecked sailor is stranded on a small desert island with no fresh water to drink. He knows he could last without food for up to a month, but if he didn't have water to drink he would be dead within a week. Hoping to postpone the inevitable, his thirst drove him to drink the salty seawater. He was dead in two days.Read the Story [email protected] happened?

Why do you think drinking seawater killed the sailor faster than not drinking any water at all? ?Discussion.How Can We Test [email protected]:To determine the cause of the sailor's death, we will determine the effects of salt water on slices of potato. Our assumption is that potato cells will behave like the sailor's cells in his body.- Include quantitative measurements(What are the major differences between a potato cell and a sailor cell?)How does salt water concentration change the length and mass of potato slices?Our objective..One way to test would be to use potatoes; measure changes in length and mass [email protected]

Essential Questions

What are the most important concepts that you want your students to learn in a particular topic, lesson, unit?

What Criteria Is Used When formulating Essential Questions?

HandoutDiscuss the importance of Essential Question(s) to focus learning/teaching.What documents would you use to determine best questions?

[email protected] QuestionWhat is the role of the cell membrane during active and passive transport?Essential QuestionHow do cells react to if subject to a hypertonic salt water or sugar water solution?Sample QuestionsFood coloringThese are sample [email protected] Prior Knowledge

What do you know about a potato?

How do substances move into and out of a cell?

Does this movement happen by itself or does it require energy?

What causes this movement to stop?

Would the movement of a solvent across a membrane happen in the same way that movement of a solute across a membrane does?

Osmosis

Elicit prior knowledge that you want kids to knowPotato is a plant (has cell wall)Substances move in and out by osmosis/diffusionMay be active or [email protected] and Osmosis

Review of osmosis/diffusion - [email protected]:Problem Statement:Hypothesis:Variables:Independent-Dependent-Controlled-

Control:Procedures:Follow the scientific method as you proceed

What data will be collected?Where will you record your data?Explain your results.How do your results relate to the original problem?Encourage use of scientific method especially in planning tested variable and data [email protected] WILL YOU DO?

Make a plan.

Think clearly about what you are testing.

What will your control be?

Think about why you are doing each step.

Think about how things compare to one another.

Anticipate what meanings potential outcomes would have.Create Your Data TableSampleInitial massFinal massChange in massChange in LengthTurgidity(crisp/flaccid)20% salt10% saltFresh waterOtherOtherOtherSAMPLEDecide how you will collect and organize your [email protected] chloride solutionSucrose solutionPotatoesAluminum foilPlastic wrapLugols SolutionStarchBeakersGraduated cylindersToothpicksBalancesRulersRazorsBaggiesFood coloringCups

SUPPLIESAVAILABLE

Leave this slide up while groups plan and prepare. Give them 30 minutes to plan and carry out [email protected] it important to keep the potato cores the same size?Cover each beaker with aluminum foil?Into which potato core did water flow?From which potato core did water flow?

Questioning What type of questions do you want your students to think about?Discussion of results1.Describe the function of the cell membrane. 2.Discuss how cell membranes are like a filter or gatekeeper. 3.Why is such a function necessary for a cell to function?4.Define selectively permeable. Hint: dissect the word parts and then explain its meaning)

[email protected] the function of the cell membrane. 2.Discuss how cell membranes are like a filter or gatekeeper. 3.Why is such a function necessary for a cell to function?4.Define selectively permeable. Hint: dissect the word parts and then explain its meaning)

[email protected]:Include the following in your conclusion:Describe the changes observed in potato slices?Is diffusion or osmosis responsible for the changes? Explain. Can you determine if Active or Passive Transport occurred? Explain.Explain which solution is isotonic, hypertonic, and hypotonic. How do you know? Sea water is 35% salt. Why did the sailor die more quickly drinking sea water than fresh water? What do you think killed him?Collect dataWrite [email protected] Relate structure to function for the components of plant and animals cells. Explain the role of cell membranes as a highly selective barrier (passive and active transport).

SC.912.L.14.3Compare and contrast the general structures of plant and animals cells. Compare and contrast the general structures of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. AADiffusion and OsmosisLook at the Item Specs and Pacing guide. Determine what changes, if any, you would make to ensure coverage of the concept.B.C.: Students will explain the role of the cell membrane during active and passive transport.C.L.: Items referring to the role of the cell membrane may address hypotonic, hypertonic, and/or isotonic solutions; however, the assessment should be on processes and not terminology.Handout: Item Specs L14.3 AA and L14.2 (15 min)According to the PG, you have 10 (??) days to address this topic. What other key concepts must be addressed? What concepts need only a short [email protected] 1: What is the movement of material through a semi-permeable membrane?

Activity 2: What is the osmotic effect of varying sodium chloride and sucrose solutions on the physical characteristics of a potato core?DIFFUSION AND OSMOSISHot LabReview the HOT Lab. Determine what changes, if any, that you would make.Handout: Diffusion and Osmosis (HSL)The two activities were from the HOT LAB. Look at the handout. Discuss the differences you see. And how would you approach it with your [email protected] what you tested and what you found out.Which solutions (if any) were hypertonic, isotonic, or hypotonic?Explain how you know!After reviewing the Item Specs, what changes would you make?After reviewing the pacing guide, what comments do you have?Group Presentationhttp://gtm-media.discoveryeducation.com/videos/dsc/externalapplications/accessible/simulations/Diffusion/index.html

In your 5-10 min presentation, at minimum, discuss these pointsAnalysis of [email protected]: GENETICS (How do we become different?)

XXII. Heredity - Mendelian GeneticsWork of Gregor MendellMendels principlesOther patternsHuman traitsGenes and variation

XXIII. BiotechnologyImpact on society, individual, and environmentMedical and ethical issuesTransition to new [email protected] Buzz

Can Science Help Us Identify the Generous Bandit?What You Need To Knowhow to use Mendel's laws of segregation and independent assortment to analyze patterns of inheritance.know how dominant, recessive, codominant, sex-linked, polygenic, and multiple allele modes of inheritance cause observed inheritance patterns. understand how biotechnology impacts individuals, society, and/or the environment. Given scenarios with specific examples be able to determine the impact.

L.16.1 Heredity and L.16.10 BiotechnologyHandout: Item Specs L 16.1 and [email protected]: Determine the identity of the Mystery Donor

Snapshot of Procedure

1.Read the Summary of Evidence Report2.Determine genotype of hand print left at the courthouse by completing the Differences in Similar Phenotypes HOT Lab.3.Read The Genetics of Eye Color article to determine the probable eye color of mystery donor.4.Can Chromosomal Abnormalities Be Observed? Making Karyotypes HOT lab (look at Figures 1, 4 and 5)5.Then complete the karyotype analysis of the mystery donor and compare to the provided karyotypes.6.Identify the donor with explanation on how you came to your conclusion.Handout:In this next unit, you will have to perform several activities and gather information in order to solve the [email protected]

[email protected] in Similar PhenotypesBackground:Humans are classified as a separate species because of all the special characteristics that they possess. These characteristics are controlled by strands of DNA located deep inside their cells. This DNA contains the code for every protein that an organism has the ability to produce. These proteins combine with other chemicals within the body to produce the cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, and finally the organism itself. The appearance of these organs, such as the shape of ones nose, length of the fingers, or the color of the eyes is called the phenotype. Even though humans contain hands with five fingers, two ears, or one nose, there are subtle differences that separate these organs from one another. There are subtle differences in a persons genes that allows for these different phenotypes. In this lab, we are going to observe some of these differences in phenotype and try to determine why they happened.Problem Statement: Do all human hands measure the same?

Vocabulary: alleles, dominant, genotype, homozygous, heterozygous (hybrid), phenotype, recessive

Handout: (HSL) Differences in Similar PhenotypesMeter sticks and rulersTo learn a little more about palm print sizes we will do this labIncomplete Dominance and Codominance

[email protected]

The Genetics of Eye ColorMendelian GeneticsHandout: ArticleUse jump in readingWe know the donors eye color genotype but what does that [email protected] Karyotypes(Adapted from: Prentice Hall, Lab Manual A)

Background:Several human genetic disorders are caused by extra, missing, or damaged chromosomes. In order to study these disorders, cells from a person are grown with a chemical that stops cell division at the metaphase stage. During metaphase, a chromosome exists as two chromatids attached at the centromere. The cells are stained to reveal banding patterns and placed on glass slides. The chromosomes are observed under the microscope, where they are counted, checked for abnormalities, and photographed. The photograph is then enlarged, and the images of the chromosomes are individually cut out. The chromosomes are identified and arranged in homologous pairs. The arrangement of homologous pairs is called a karyotype. In this investigation, you will use a sketch of chromosomes to make a karyotype. You will also examine the karyotype to determine the presence of any chromosomal abnormalities.Problem Statement: Can chromosomal abnormalities be observed?Vocabulary: centromere, chromosomes, chromatids, genes, homologous pairs, karyotype, mutations, Trisomy 21- Down syndrome, Klinefelter syndrome, Turner syndromeHandout: HSL Making KaryotypesReferring back to courthouse article, it was said that a drop of blood had been found. A karyotype analysis has been done. How can this be intepreted?What is a karyotye?We will explore by doing this labNOTE: article refers to Figure 4 -if asked that is the karyotype identified at the [email protected]

[email protected] Exploration: Human KaryotypingVocabulary: autosome, chromosomal disorder, chromosome, karyotype, sex chromosomePrior Knowledge Question (Do this BEFORE using the Gizmo.)

A chromosome is a rod-shaped structure made of coils of DNA. Most human cells have 23 pairs of chromosomes. Why do you think humans have two sets of 23 chromosomes? (Hint: Where did each set come from?) _______________________________________________________________How do you think different peoples chromosomes would compare? _____________________________________________________________________

Gizmo (if time permits)[email protected]

Incomplete Karyotype Analysis provided by the Forensics Dept. Long Island, New YorkHandout:This is the karyotype found at the courthouse.Can you figure it [email protected]

Benchmarks addressedSC.912.L.16.10 Evaluate the impact of biotechnology on the individual, society and the environment, including medical and ethical issues. AA SC.912.L.16.1 Use Mendels Laws of Segregation and Independent Assortment to analyze patterns of inheritance. AASC.912.L.16.2 Discuss observed inheritance patterns caused by various modes of inheritance, including dominant, recessive, co-dominant, sex-linked, polygenic, and multiple alleles.

L16.1 Review Questions

Item SpecificationsHandouts: 3 Item specs N1.1; L16.1; L16.10After examining the item specs, what do you think?What do you still need to [email protected]?

Exit SlipThank you!Ask teachers how they like the flow of contentExplain reasoning behind rearrangement of PG; that it now flows from Macro to Micro, [email protected]

BIOLOGY

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