Biology 402 Daniella DiNizo. What is Trachoma? Infectious eye disease Leading cause of blindness...
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Transcript of Biology 402 Daniella DiNizo. What is Trachoma? Infectious eye disease Leading cause of blindness...
What is Trachoma?Infectious eye
disease
Leading cause of blindness globally
Disease of poverty
Neglected tropical disease
History of TrachomaOne of the earliest
recorded eye afflictions
SoldiersImmigrants through
Ellis IslandDisappeared from the
industrial worldStill plagues poorest
regions of developing world
Epidemiology84 million infected
8 million visually impaired
1995 – 15% of blindness; 2002 – 3.6% of blindness
Most common among pre-school children
CausesChlamydia
trachomatis
Associated factorsAccess to waterAccess to
bathroomsSanitation/ HygieneFliesOvercrowdingPoverty
Stages 1 and 2 – Active TrachomaTF - Trachomatous inflammation follicular
TI – Trachomatous inflammation intense
Infection – Stage 3Trachomatous
Scarring (TS)
Scarring of the tarsal conjunctiva
Eyelids turning inward may begin
Social ImplicationsGlobal loss of
productivity
WomenCookingWaterFamilyEffect on children
Cycle of poverty
SAFE strategy – Surgery/ AntibioticsSurgery
People with risk of blindness
Reduce discomfort Improve vision
AntibioticsFor active infectionsWho?/ When?
SAFE Strategy - Facial Cleanliness/ Environmental Changes
Facial CleanlinessGood facial hygieneWashing daily
Environmental ChangesWaterBathroomsFlies
Interventions have not been as successful as expected
Future DirectionsGlobal Elminiation of blinding Trachoma by
2020 (GET2020)Emphasis on FE of SAFE strategy ResearchGlobal Awareness
Without these steps Trachoma will continue to be a major cause of blindness in the developing world.
http://www.typesofbacteria.co.uk/trachoma-blindness.html
http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dbmd/diseaseinfo/trachoma_t.htm
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://webpages.scu.edu/ftp/mrzhao/images/trachoma1.jpg&imgrefurl=http://webpages.scu.edu/ftp/mrzhao/trachomasplashpage.html&usg=__8o18TNsjnRZXUJMUzPNcaljqLCo=&h=385&w=575&sz=23&hl=en&start=2&sig2=im4vg70W2Flxzp1IAcnWaw&um=1&itbs=1&tbnid=zarPAH4CYV8c9M:&tbnh=90&tbnw=134&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dtrachoma%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN%26rls%3Dcom.microsoft:en-us:IE-SearchBox%26rlz%3D1I7GGLL_en%26tbs%3Disch:1&ei=go6vS9mDIYP48AbOpIGcBg
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Images: http://www.ellisisland.se/engl
ish/ellisisland_immigration3.asp
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http://www.cartercenter.org/health/trachoma/index.html
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http://webeye.ophth.uiowa.edu/eyeforum/atlas/pages/trachoma-trichiasis-and-tylosis-pachyblepharon.html
http://digitalrabbit.org/wordpress/category/waterborne-diseases/
http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/archives/fdaDrugInfo.cfm?archiveid=7111
http://medicalecology.org/water/trachoma/trachoma.htm#sect3