Biology 218 – Human Anatomy - RIDDELL

Biology 105 – Human Biology

PRACTICE FNX

Session:

Section:

Instructor:

Spring 2015

55244 / 61816 / 67033 4 Units

RIDDELL

Sections

1. General Anatomy

2. Histology

3. Anatomical Lexicon

4. Cardiovascular

5. Digestive

6. Endocrine

7. Integumentary

8. Lymphatic / Immune

9. Muscular

10. Nervous

11. Reproductive

12. Development

13. Respiratory

14. Skeletal

15. Urinary

General Anatomy

Chapter 1 Exploring Life and Science

1. The scientific study of life is called:

A. biology

B. ecology

C. anatomy

D. biochemistry

E. limnology

2. A complex individual that consists of organ systems is known as a/an

A. community.

B. population.

C. organism.

D. tissue.

E. species.

3. All of the ecosystems on the planet together are called the

A. atmosphere.

B. hydrosphere.

C. biosphere.

D. lithosphere.

E. stratosphere.

4. In a swamp, all of the alligators would represent a/an

A. organism.

B. population.

C. community.

D. ecosystem.

E. biosphere.

5. All of the changes that occur from the time an egg is fertilized through childhood, adolescence and adulthood are called

A. metabolism.

B. evolution.

C. homeostasis.

D. reproduction.

E. development.

6. Which of the following is not a basic characteristic of all living things?

A. Living things are organized.

B. Living things acquire materials and energy.

C. Living things contain a nucleus and organelles.

D. Living things reproduce.

E. Living things grow and develop.

7. The process of change that produces the diversity of life on Earth is called

A. evolution.

B. homeostasis.

C. levels of organization.

D. biological classification.

E. molecular diversification.

8. Traditions, beliefs, and values are considered what aspect of human life?

A. communicative

B. cultural

C. instructional

D. biological

E. chemical

9. Which organisms are most closely related to humans?

A. spiders

B. earthworms

C. parakeets

D. meerkats

E. snakes

10. A species has been discovered that is able to live in boiling hot springs. This organism most likely belongs to the domain

A. Archaea.

B. Bacteria.

C. Eukarya.

11. What is the unifying principle of the biological sciences?

A. Technology

B. Anatomy

C. Biochemistry

D. Taxonomy

E. Evolution

12. Which of the following is not a basic theory of biology?

A. Theory of ecosystems

B. Cell theory

C. Gene theory

D. Theory of evolution

E. Theory of gravity

Chapter 2 Chemistry of Life

13. The smallest unit of an element that still retains the chemical and physical properties of that element is called

A. an isotope.

B. a nucleus.

C. an atom.

D. a molecular bond.

E. a neutrino.

14. In an atom, the number of protons always equals the number

A. of electrons.

B. of neutrons.

C. of neutron and protons.

D. of quarks.

E. of neutrinos.

How many elements occur naturally?

A. 112

B. 92

C. 64

D. 32

E. 6

15. An element cannot be broken down by chemical means.

A. True

B. False

16. A combination of two or more atoms of the same type is called

A. an atomic unit.

B. a molecule.

C. a compound.

D. an isotope.

E. an ion.

17. Hydrogen bonds

A. result from the loss of neutrons by an atom.

B. result in the formation of salts.

C. involve the loss and gain of electrons.

D. involve the sharing of electrons.

E. are relatively weak and can be broken rather easily.

18. The reason water is polar is because

A. in polar molecules atoms share electrons evenly.

B. the oxygen atom is larger than the hydrogen atom.

C. hydrophilic molecules interact with water.

D. hydrophobic molecules do not interact with water.

E. there is a transfer of electrons from the hydrogen to the oxygen.

19. Sugars with three to seven carbon atoms are called

A. monosaccharides.

B. disaccharides.

C. trisaccharides.

D. polysaccharides.

E. steroids.

20. A fatty acid that contains only single bonds between the carbon atoms is considered

A. saturated.

B. unsaturated.

C. trans unsaturated.

21. Fats are usually of animal origin while oils are usually of plant origin.

A.True

B.False

22. The sex hormones belong to which category of lipids?

A. steroids

B. fats

C. oils

D. triglycerides

E. phospholipids

23. The membranes of cells are composed of

A. phospholipids.

B. fats.

C. oils.

D. steroids.

E. triglycerides.

24. The monomer unit of a protein is

A. fatty acids.

B. amino acids.

C. monosaccharides.

D. polysaccharides.

E. nucleic acids.

Which of the following is not a function of proteins?

A. quick energy

B. support

C. transport

D. enzymes

E. motion

Chapter 3 Cell Structure and Function

25. ________ are the fundamental units that make up all living things.

A. Compartments

B. Cells

C. Chromosomes

D. Coelom

E. Cristae

26. The size of a metabolizing cell is limited by its

A. extracellular matrix.

B. function.

C. nuclear size.

D. surface area-to-volume ratio.

E. genome size.

27. The reason that metabolizing cells are small in size is because

A. cells influence nearby cells to divide.

B. the surface area of a cell must be able to accomplish nutrient/waste exchange.

C. cells need to dissipate heat effectively.

D. mitosis occurs before cells reach a certain size.

E. cells need to communicate with adjacent cells.

28. What is the name of the semifluid medium inside the cell?

A. nucleolus

B. cytoplasm

C. organelle

D. cytoskeleton

E. mitochondrion

29. The diffusion of water across a semi-permeable membrane is called

A. denaturation.

B. osmosis.

C. dispersion.

D. dissociation.

E. reconstitution.

30. If a cell lacked ribosomes, it would not be able to

A. form a spindle apparatus.

B. synthesize proteins.

C. respire oxidatively.

D. break down fats.

E. produce ATP.

Chapter 4 Organization and Regulation of Body Systems

31. Specialized cells that work together to perform a common function are called

A. membranes.

B. organs.

C. tissues.

D. glands.

E. organisms.

32. Which of the following is not considered a basic tissue type?

A. epithelial

B. connective

C. muscle

D. nervous

E. fat

33. Which type of tissue covers body surfaces and lines body cavities?

A. epithelial tissue

B. connective tissue

C. muscular tissue

D. nervous tissue

E. vascular tissue

34. What protein provides flexibility and strength to connective tissues?

A. actin

B. collagen

C. keratin

D. fibrinogen

E. myosin

35. What are the two forms of fibrous connective tissue?

A. bone and blood

B. fibroblasts and matrix

C. hyaline cartilage and elastic cartilage

D. adipose and cartilage

E. loose fibrous and dense fibrous

36. There is no matrix in blood because it is a liquid.

A.True

B.False

37. The two components of blood are

A. red blood cells and plasma.

B. platelets and plasma.

C. white blood cells and red blood cells.

D. formed elements and plasma.

E. formed elements and platelets. .

C. intercalated discs.

D. the branching of the cells.

E. tendons connecting the muscle to bone.

38. What type of tissue receives sensory input, integrates data, and conducts impulses?

A. Epithelial tissue

B. Connective tissue

C. Muscular tissue

D. Nervous tissue

E. Vascular tissue

Chapter 11 Skeletal System

39. Which function of the skeleton do the rib cage, vertebral column, and skull represent?

A. support the body

B. protect soft body parts

C. produce blood cells

D. store minerals and fats

E. permit flexible body movement

40. Which function of the skeletal system requires that the leg bones be the strongest in the body?

A. They support the entire body.

B. They protect soft body parts.

C. They produce blood cells.

D. They store minerals and fat.

E. They permit flexible body movement.

41. Where, besides adipose tissue, is fat stored?

A. matrix of bone

B. yellow bone marrow

C. red bone marrow

D. periosteum

E. articular cartilage

42. In bone the cells are called _________________ and in cartilage they are called ________________.

A. osteocytes, osteoblasts

B. lacunae, osteocytes

C. chondrocytes, lacunae

D. osteoblasts, chondrocytes

E. osteocytes, chondrocytes

43. What criterion is used to categorize the skeleton into axial and appendicular?

A. whether the bones are weight bearing or not

B. whether the bones lie on the midline or on a girdle

C. whether the bones are flat or long

D. whether the bones contain red bone marrow or yellow bone marrow

E. whether the bones articulate with the pelvis or not

44. Which of the following is not part of the axial skeleton?

A. clavicle

B. hyoid

C. temporal

D. rib

E. vertebrae

45. Jill broke her cheekbone in an ice skating accident. Which bone did she break?

A. temporal bone

B. mandible

C. maxilla

D. zygomatic bone

E. frontal bone

46. How many vertebrae are there?

A. 5

B. 10

C. 18

D. 24

E. 33

47. The thoracic vertebrae are named that because the ribs attach there.

A.True

B.False

48. The name of the "tailbone" is the

A. lumbar.

B. sacrum.

C. coccyx.

D. sphinoid.

E. axis.

49. All 12 pairs of ribs connect directly to the thoracic vertebrae in the back and the sternum in the front.

A.True

B.False

50. Which of the following bones is not part of the pectoral girdle and attached limbs?

A. clavicle

B. sternum

C. scapula

D. ulna

E. humerus

51. How many bones are present in the pelvic girdle?

A. one

B. two

C. three

D. four

E. five

52. Which of the following is not part of the coxal bone?

A. patella

B. ilium

C. ischium

D. pubis

53. The head of the radius is located at the

A. elbow.

B. wrist.

C. shoulder.

54. When you hit your "funny bone", what are you hitting?

A. olecranon process

B. deltoid tuberosity

C. acromion process

D. head of ulna

E. glenoid cavity

55. Which bone is the longest and strongest bone in the body?

A. humerus

B. pelvis

C. tibia

D. fibula

E. femur

56. There are phalanges in both the lower limb and upper limb.

A. True

B. False

57. A ligament connects

A. cartilage to bone.

B. muscle to bone.

C. bone to bone.

58. When you kick your foot out in front of you, what type of movement are you using?

A. adduction and abduction

B. flexion and extension

C. rotation

D. eversion

E. inversion

Match the Term with its indicated structure

TERM

TERM

59. Ribosomes

60. Golgi

61. Plasma membrane

62. Endoplasmic reticulum

63. DNA

Use this TABLE of Choices to FILL IN the Tissue Classification on the following 2 Pages. USE Alphabetical formatting for each group and subgroup

CODE

MAIN

SUBTYPE

SHAPE

FORM

A

B

C

D

E

AB

AC

AD

AE

BC

BD

BE

CD

CE

DE

ABC

ABD

ABE

ACD

ACE

ADE

Connective

Epithelial

Muscular

nervous

Adipose

Areolar

Blood

Bone

Cardiac

Cartilage

Cells

Fibrous / Fibro

Fluid

Hyaline

Lymph

Neuroglia

Neuron

Plasma

Pseudostratified

Simple

Skeletal

Smooth

Stratified

Supportive

Transitional

Columnar

Cuboidal

Squamous

Compact

Dense

Elastic

Irregular

Loose

Regular

Reticular

Spongy

Tissue / Cell Types

Main

Sub Type

Sub Type

Sub Type

CLASS

MAIN DIVISION

FEATURES

64. ____

Fibrous

65. __

66. __

Irregular

Regular

Loose

Adipose

67. __

Reticular

Fluid

Blood

Formed Elements / Cells

68. __

Lymph

69. __

Bone

Compact

70. __

Cartilage

Elastic

Fibro

Hyaline

Tissue / Cell Types

Main

Sub Type

Sub Type

Epithelial

Columnar

Simple

71. ______

Cuboidal

Simple

Stratified

Squamous

72. ____

73. ____

74. ____

Cardiac

75. _____

Smooth

76. ____

77. _____

Neurons

Using this Table of Choices, identify the indicated bones on the following Illustrations

NUMBER

BONE

NUNBER

BONE

78. __

79. __

80. __

81. __

82. __

Carpals

Coccyx

Costals

Clavicle

Coxal

Digits

Ethmoid

Femur

Fibula

Frontal

Humerus

Hyoid

Incus

Ilium

ischium

83. __

84. __

85. __

86. __

87. __

88. __

89. __

90. __

91. __

92. __

93. __

94. __

95. __

Mandible

Maxillae

Metacarpals

Metatarsals

Parietal

Patella

Radius

Sacrum

Scapula

Sternum

Tarsals

Temporal

Tibia

Ulna

Vertebrae

Zygomatic

Illustration

Illustration

Ch 5 and 6 Cardiovascular System

1. Which of the following is not classified as a type of blood vessel?

A) capillaries

B) arteries

C) vein

D) lymph nodes

2. The _____ are considered small arteries just visible to the naked eye.

A) venules

B) arterioles

C) veins

D) capillaries

3. _______ are considered small veins that drain blood from the capillaries

A) Arterioles

B) Venules

C) Veins

D) Lymphatic vessels

4. In veins of the lower extremities, ______ serve to help circulating blood defy gravity and travel upward to the heart.

A) arterioles

B) venules

C) valves

D) synapses

5. The left ventricle sends oxygenated blood into the ______ to be distributed throughout the body.

A) vena cava

B) pulmonary artery

C) aorta

D) pulmonary vein

Classify the following terms. Mark all that apply

Erythrocytes

ALeukocytes

BLymphocytes

CFormed Elements

DCell Fragments

E

6. Red Blood Cell

7. Platelet__

____

__

__

__

__

__

__

__

Identify each term with its appropriate structure in the illustrationIllustrationTERM

8. Descending Aorta

9. Pumonary vein

10. Superior vena cava

11. Hepatic Portal vein

12. Renal Artery

13. Hepatic vein

14. Pulmonary Artery

15. Carotid Artery

16. Inverior vena cava

17. Gastric Artery

Identify each term with its appropriate structure in the illustration

TERMIllustration

18. Tricuspid Valve

19. Bicuspid Valve

20. Pulmonary Valve

21. Aortic Valve

22. Pulmonary Arteries

23. L Pulmonary Veins

24. Aortic Arch

25. Right Ventricle

26. Left Atrium

Ch 7 Lymphoid System and Immunity

27. The lymphoid system is composed of

A) lymphatic vessels.

B) lymph nodes.

C) the spleen.

D) A and B only

E) all of the above

28. A foreign invader that may cause disease is called a(n)

A) pathogen.

B) antigen.

C) antibody.

D) virus.

E) bacteria.

29. The primary function of the lymphoid system is

A) circulation of nutrients.

B) transport of hormones.

C) production, maintenance, and distribution of lymphocytes.

D) production, maintenance, and distribution of plasma proteins.

E) all of the above

30. Flow through lymph vessels resembles flow through

A) elastic arteries.

B) arterioles.

C) the vena cava.

D) veins.

E) muscular arteries.

31. Lymph nodes

A) produce antibodies from specialized T cells.

B) monitor the contents of lymph by removing debris and pathogens.

C) act as a "check station" for cancer cells.

D) B and C only

E) all of the above

32. In general, lymphocytes

A) spend little time in the blood.

B) have a relatively long life span.

C) are not evenly distributed in the lymphoid tissues.

D) B and C only

E) all of the above

33. The spleen

A) is the largest lymphoid organ.

B) contains nodules similar to other lymphoid nodules.

C) contains lymphocytes.

D) is located in the left upper quadrant.

E) all of the above

34. The first line of cellular defense against pathogens is

A) T cells.

B) B cells.

C) NK cells.

D) phagocytes.

E) plasma cells.

35. The cells primarily responsible for immunity are

A) lymphocytes and macrophages.

B) neutrophils and macrophages.

C) monocytes and macrophages.

D) eosinophils and lymphocytes.

E) basophils and monocytes.

36. Which of the following is a specific body defense?

A) hair

B) epithelium

C) secretions

D) immunity

E) basement membranes

37. Humoral immunity, antibody formation, is the responsibility of the

A) cytotoxic T cells.

B) helper T cells.

C) suppressor T cells.

D) B cells.

E) plasma cells.

38. With advancing age, the immune system

A) becomes more effective at combating disease.

B) remains the same and is not affected by the aging process.

C) has alternating periods of efficacy.

D) becomes less effective at combating disease.

E) becomes more responsive to antigens.

Ch 9 Respiratory System

Identify each term with its appropriate structure in the illustration

Structure

Illustration

39. Bronchus

40. Larynx

41. Mouth

42. Nasal Cavity

43. Pharynx

44. Functions of the respiratory system include

A) protecting respiratory surfaces from dehydration, temperature changes, or other environmental variations.

B) defending the respiratory system and other tissues from pathogenic invasion.

C) providing an extensive area for gas exchange between air and circulating blood.

D) A and C only

E) all of the above

45. Air entering the body is filtered, warmed, and humidified by the

A) upper respiratory tract.

B) lower respiratory tract.

C) lungs.

D) alveoli.

E) all of the above

46. Microorganisms removed from incoming air by the sticky mucus of the respiratory tract are most likely destroyed by

A) toxins in the mucus.

B) the cilia.

C) gastric juice.

D) a lack of nutrients.

E) all of the above

47. The common passageway shared by the respiratory and digestive systems is the

A) larynx.

B) glottis.

C) vestibule.

D) pharynx.

E) trachea.

48. The pitch of a vocal sound is controlled by changing the

A) force of air.

B) tension in the vocal cords.

C) size of the laryngeal cartilage.

D) shape of the laryngeal cartilage.

E) nasal cavity.

Place the following structures in order from the perspective of a CO2 molecule arriving in the lungs from the systemic circulationStructure OrderCODEStructure

Pulmonary Capillary

49. __

50. __

51. __

52. __

53. __

54. __

55. __

56. __

57. __

Outside / External Environment

A

B

C

D

E

AC

AD

AE

BC

BD

alveolar ducts

alveoli

bronchioles

nasal cavity

pharynx

larynx

primary bronchi

secondary bronchi

terminal bronchioles

trachea

58. Pulmonary ventilation refers to

A) the movement of air into and out of the lungs.

B) the movement of dissolved gases from the alveoli to the blood.

C) the movement of dissolved gases from the blood to the interstitial space.

D) the movement of dissolved gases from the interstitial space to the cells.

E) the utilization of oxygen.

59. The process by which dissolved gases are exchanged between the blood and lungs is

A) pulmonary ventilation.

B) external respiration.

C) internal respiration.

D) cellular respiration.

E) breathing.

60. Internal respiration involves the

A) movement of air into and out of the lungs.

B) diffusion of gases between the cells and the circulating blood.

C) exchange of dissolved gases between the blood and the interstitial fluid.

D) binding of oxygen by hemoglobin.

E) utilization of oxygen by tissues to support metabolism.

Ch 8 Digestive System

61. Which of the following is an accessory organ of digestion?

A) stomach

B) liver

C) spleen

D) colon

E) esophagus

62. Ingestion refers to the

A) progressive dehydration of indigestible residue.

B) input of food into the digestive tract.

C) chemical breakdown of food.

D) absorption of nutrients in the gut.

E) mixing of nutrients with digestive enzymes.

63. The beginning and end of the digestive tract is lined by

A) pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium.

B) cuboidal epithelium.

C) stratified squamous epithelium.

D) simple epithelium.

E) simple columnar epithelium.

64. Chewing is called

A) segmentation.

B) pendulum movements.

C) peristalsis.

D) churning movements.

E) mastication.

65. Functions of the tongue include

A) mechanical processing of food.

B) manipulation of food.

C) sensory analysis of food.

D) A and B only

E) all of the above

66. The first place mechanical digestion takes place is the

A) oral cavity.

B) esophagus.

C) stomach.

D) pancreas.

E) small intestine.

67. The first portion of the stomach that food enters is the

A) body.

B) antrum.

C) pylorus.

D) cardia.

E) fundus.

68. Absorptive effectiveness of the small intestine is enhanced by

A) plicae.

B) villi.

C) microvilli.

D) intestinal movements.

E) all of the above

69. The portion of the small intestine that is attached to the pylorus of the stomach is the

A) ileum.

B) colon.

C) cecum.

D) jejunum.

E) duodenum.

70. The portion of the small intestine that performs most absorption is the

A) ileum.

B) duodenum.

C) jejunum.

D) pylorus.

E) cecum.

71. The longest portion of the small intestine is the

A) cecum.

B) appendix.

C) ileum.

D) jejunum.

E) duodenum.

72. The liver functions to

A) form glucose from non-carbohydrates.

B) store vitamins.

C) destroy damaged RBC.

D) produce bile.

E) all of the above

73. Bile is produced in the

A) liver.

B) duodenum.

C) pancreas.

D) gall bladder.

E) appendix.

74. Which of the following is a major action of the large intestine?

A) secrete enzymes

B) reabsorb water

C) regulate the release of bile

D) secrete digestive enzymes

E) produce hormones

75. Major regions of the large intestine include the

A) cecum, colon, and duodenum.

B) duodenum, ileum, and jejunum.

C) cecum, colon, and duodenum.

D) ascending colon, descending colon, and ileum.

E) cecum, colon, and rectum.

Ch 8 Nutrition and Metabolism

76. The sum of all of the biochemical processes going on within the human body at any given instant is called

A) glycolysis.

B) oxidation.

C) catabolism.

D) anabolism.

E) metabolism.

77. The cells that are most dependent upon a continual supply of glucose are those of the

A) muscular system.

B) nervous system.

C) respiratory system.

D) digestive system.

E) integumentary system.

78. Muscles store metabolic reserves as

A) carbohydrates.

B) glycogen.

C) amino acids.

D) triglycerides.

E) fatty acids.

79. During lipolysis,

A) triglycerides are converted into molecules of acetyl CoA.

B) triglycerides are broken down into glycerol and fatty acids.

C) lipids are converted into glucose molecules.

D) lipids are formed from excess carbohydrates.

E) lipids are metabolized to yield ATP.

d Terms

80. The food source most clearly linked to heart disease is

A) simple sugars.

B) complex carbohydrates.

C) lipids.

D) proteins.

E) nucleic acids.

81. Diets containing too many calories and too many lipids by proportion increase the incidence of

A) obesity.

B) heart disease and atherosclerosis.

C) diabetes.

D) hypertension.

E) all of the above

82. Which of the following is a complete protein source?

A) eggs

B) corn

C) gelatin

D) rice

E) none of the above

83. A calorie unit used in food is equal to the amount of energy necessary to raise the temperature of 1 kilogram of water ________ degree(s) Celsius.

A) 1

B) 2

C) 10

D) 100

E) 1,000

84. The nutrients that yield ZERO energy per gram are

A) carbohydrates.

B) proteins.

C) fats.

D) nucleic acids.

E) vitamins.

85. Major food source of Vitamin C is derived from`

A) dairy

B) meats

C) fruits and vegetables

D) desserts

E) breads

86. Which food group is the best source of calcium?

A) breads

B) meats

C) dairy

D) fruits

E) vegetables

87. Factors that influence an individual's BMR (basal metabolic rate) include

A) sex.

B) age.

C) body weight.

D) genetics.

E) all of the above

88. In order to get enough energy out of food to survive, humans must have a constant supply of

A) oxygen.

B) water.

C) carbon dioxide.

D) iron.

E) vitamins

Ch 10 Urinary System

89. Which of the following is not a structure found in the urinary system?

A) ureters

B) kidney

C) pancreas

D) urethra

90. The removal of metabolic wastes from the body is called __________

A) secretion

B) defecation

C) excretion

D) maintenance

91. Besides the excretion of metabolic wastes, which of these describes a vital function of the kidneys?

A) The kidneys maintain the water-salt balance of the body.

B) The kidneys regulate the blood's pH.

C) The kidneys assist the hormone system.

D) All of these are correct.

92. Individuals who need a kidney transplant usually must undergo an artificial treatment called ______ until a suitable kidney can be found.

A) hemodialysis

B) hemolysis

C) selective reabsorption

D) active transport

93. The _______ conduct urine from the kidneys to the bladder.

A) loop of Henle

B) Bowmans capsule

C) urethra

D) ureters

94. The kidneys will secrete the hormone to stimulate red blood cell production, which in synthetic form was made famous by Lance Armstrong and the USPS Bicycling Team _____________.

A) renin

B) aldosterone

C) erythropoietin

D) atrial natriuretic hormone

95. The __________ extend(s) from the urinary bladder to an external opening. It is longer in males than in females.

A) ureter

B) prostate gland

C) urethra

D) glomerulus

96. Another term for urination is _____.

A) erythropoietin

B) micturation

C) defication

D) urethritis

97. Blood pressure in the glomerular capillaries is:

A) lower than in other capillary beds

B) higher than in other capillary beds

C) responsible for maintaining filtration

D) higher than in other capillary beds and is responsible for maintaining filtration

98. In diabetes mellitus, excess __________ occurs in the blood.

A) protein

B) fat

C) glucose

D) amino acid

99. _______________ are chemicals that increase the flow of urine.

A) Emetics

B) Diuretics

C) Nephritics

D) Antibiotics

100. To maintain homeostasis, the kidney excretes and reabsorbs the following ions as needed: __________.

A) bicarbonate

B) potassium

C) calcium

D) sodium

E) All of these are correct.

Ch 13 Nervous System101. Which of the following statements is not true concerning the central nervous system?

A. The central nervous system is made up of the spinal cord and the brain.

B. The brain and spinal cord contain only white matter--myelinated axons that run together in bundles.

C. Both the brain and spinal cord are protected by bone.

D. Both the brain and spinal cord are protected by meninges.

E. The spaces around the brain and spinal cord are filled with fluid.

102. Which of the following types of nerves is not covered by a protective myelin sheath?

A. long axons

B. gray matter of the CNS

C. white matter of the CNS

D. nerve fibers within the PNS

103. Masses of myelinated nerve fibers appear

A) gray.

B) white.

C) yellow.

D) brown.

E) transparent.

104. Major centers concerned with autonomic control of breathing, blood pressure, heart rate, and digestive activities are located in the

A) medulla oblongata.

B) pons.

C) midbrain.

D) diencephalons.

E) cerebellum.

105. A neural cortex is found on the surface of the

A) cerebrum.

B) midbrain.

C) cerebellum.

D) pons.

E) both A and C

106. The region of the brain that is involved in conscious thought and intellectual function as well as processing somatic sensory and motor information is the

A) medulla.

B) pons.

C) midbrain.

D) cerebellum.

E) cerebrum.

107. Which of the following is a function of the cerebellum?

A) temperature regulation

B) thirst sensation

C) hunger sensation

D) postural reflexes

E) hormone production

108. The highest levels of information processing occur in the

A) cerebrum.

B) midbrain.

C) cerebellum.

D) medulla.

E) spinal cord.

109. Nerves exit the vertebral canal through

A) vertebral foramen.

B) intervertebral foramina.

C) sacral foramina.

D) intervertebral discs.

E) both B and C

110. The only cranial nerve that is attached to the cerebrum is the

A) optic.

B) oculomotor.

C) trochlear.

D) olfactory.

E) vestibulocochlear.

111. Reflexes help to control

A) heart rate.

B) blood pressure.

C) digestion.

D) pupil size.

E) all of the above

B. Pulling away from a painful stimulus is an example of the ________ reflex.

A) cross-extensor

B) pupillary

C) withdrawal

D) knee-jerk

E) ankle-jerk

112. Ascending tracts

A) carry sensory information to the brain.

B) carry motor information to the brain.

C) carry sensory information from the brain.

D) carry motor information from the brain.

E) none of the above

113. The autonomic division of the nervous system directs

A) voluntary motor activity.

B) conscious control of skeletal muscles.

C) unconscious control of skeletal muscles.

D) processes that maintain homeostasis.

E) all of the above

114. The division of the autonomic nervous system that prepares the body for activity and stress is the

A) sympathetic division.

B) parasympathetic division.

C) craniosacral division.

D) arachnoid division.

E) somatic motor division.

115. The division of the autonomic nervous system that maintains homeostasis during stressful conditions is the

A) sympathetic division.

B) parasympathetic division.

C) thoracolumbar division.

D) arachnoid division.

E) somatic motor division.

116. Effects produced by the parasympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system include

A) dilation of the pupils.

B) increased secretion by digestive glands.

C) dilation of respiratory passages.

D) increased heart rate.

E) all of the above

Match the term in the first column with its description in the second column

TERM

Definition / Association

117. _____ astrocytes

118. _____ exteroceptor

119. _____ neuroglia

120. _____ soma

A. neuron cell body

B. neurotransmitter

C. provide(s) information about the external environment

D. provide(s) a supporting framework

E. largest and most numerous type of glial cells

For the following micrograph, Spinal Cord Anatomy, assuming an inferior view, fill in the identification for the structures (indicator lines) and perspectives. Use Column of CHOICES below.

Structure

Code

Choices

121. ___Name this Perspective / Side

122. _____Name structure

123. _____ Name this Perspective / Side

124. Name structure

A

B

C

D

E

AB

AC

AD

AE

BC

BD

BE

CD

CE

Anterior

Central Canal

Gray Horn

Inferior

Inter - neuron

Meninges

Motor Neuron

Patient Left

Patient Right

Posterior

Sensory Neuron

Superior

White Matter

None of the Above

Photograph Cross section Spinal Cord

Neuron Anatomy

For the following illustration, Neuron Anatomy, fill in the identification and processes for the structures (indicator lines) and regions (boundary lines) for the symbols that are indicated.

Structure

Code

Term

125. Name this structure #

126. Name this structure &&

127. Name this structure @@

A

B

C

D

E

AB

AC

AD

Axon

Axon Hillock

Dendrite

Myelin Sheath

Nuronal Gap

Nucleus

Soma

Axon terminals

Neuron

Autonomic Nervous System

SYSTEM A

SYSTEM B

Fill in the following classification Table. Match System A or B with the respective functions.

Place a check mark in the appropriate column A or B. Mark AB if both and C if not applicable to either system.

Function

SYSTEM A

SYSTEM B

128. Cranial Sacral nerves

129. Operates continuously to mange homeostasis

130. Operates in acute response to change situations

131. Parasympathetic

132. Sympathetic

133. Thoraco-Spinal nerves

Ch 14 General and Special Senses134. The term general senses refers to sensations of

A) hot and cold.

B) pain.

C) touch and vibration.

D) both B and C

E) all of the above

135. The special senses are

A) olfaction.

B) vision.

C) gustation.

D) equilibrium.

E) all of the above

136. Nociceptors are sensitive to

A) pain.

B) light touch.

C) pressure.

D) osmotic pressure.

E) blood pressure.

137. Olfactory receptors are examples of

A) pain receptors.

B) thermoreceptors.

C) mechanoreceptors.

D) chemoreceptors.

E) proprioceptors.

138. Sensory receptors that monitor the position of joints are called

A) nociceptors.

B) chemoreceptors.

C) baroreceptors.

D) proprioceptors.

E) thermoreceptors.

139. The pigmented portion of the eye is the

A) conjunctiva.

B) cornea.

C) iris.

D) pupil.

E) canthus.

140. The space between the iris and the cornea is the

A) anterior chamber.

B) posterior chamber.

C) pupil.

D) aqueous humor.

E) vitreous body.

141. A blind spot in the retina occurs where

A) the fovea is located.

B) ganglion cells synapse with bipolar cells.

C) the optic nerve attaches to the retina.

D) rod cells are clustered to form the macula.

E) amacrine cells are located.

142. The hearing receptors are located in the

A) ampulla.

B) organ of Corti.

C) utricle.

D) saccule.

E) semicircular canals.

143. The ossicles connect the

A) tympanic membrane to the oval window.

B) tympanic membrane to the round window.

C) oval window to the round window.

D) cochlea to the tympanic membrane.

E) cochlea to the oval window.

144. Sound waves are converted into mechanical movements by the

A) auditory ossicles.

B) cochlea.

C) oval window.

D) round window.

E) tympanic membrane.

Match the chamber in the first column with its structure in the second column.

Term

Constituents

145. external ear ,

146. middle ear

147. internal ear

A. cochlea, vestibule, semicircular canals

B. auricle, auditory meatus

C. auditory ossicles

EYE Anatomy Match the Anatomical term with its corresponding indicator on the following diagram

Term

Term

148. anterior chamber

149. cornea

150. iris

C. lens

D. optic nerve

Ear Anatomy Match the Anatomical term with its corresponding indicator on the following diagram

Term

Term

151. Auditory Canal

152. Auditory tube

E. Semicircular canals

F. Tympanic Membrane

Illustration o Human Ear

Match the Special Sense to its functional stimulus. Place a check mark in the appropriate column for each sense.

SENSE

A

Photo

B

Mechanical

C

General Somatic

D

Chemical

153. Taste

154. Sight

155. Touch

156. Smell

157. Equilibrium

158. Hearing

Ch 15 Endocrine System159. The nervous system

A) produces rapid and specific responses to environmental stimuli.

B) communicates by the release of neurotransmitters.

C) continues to produce a response long after neural output ceases.

D) A and B only

E) all of the above

160. The endocrine system

A) releases chemicals into the bloodstream for distribution throughout the body.

B) releases hormones that alter the metabolic activities of many different tissues and organs simultaneously.

C) produces effects that can last for hours, days, and even longer.

D) A and C only

E) all of the above

161. Generally, the actions of hormones

A) tend to be more widespread than actions of the nervous system.

B) are longer lasting than actions of the nervous system.

C) are slower to react than the nervous system.

D) cause changes in the machinery of the cells.

E) all of the above

162. The hormone oxytocin

A) promotes uterine contractions.

B) is responsible for milk production in the mammary glands.

C) regulates blood pressure.

D) governs the ovarian cycle.

E) both A and B

163. Triiodothyronine is a hormone secreted by the

A) thyroid gland.

B) pancreas.

C) parathyroid glands.

D) hypothalamus.

E) all of the above

164. Which of the following has both endocrine and exocrine functions?

A) pancreas

B) anterior pituitary

C) thyroid

D) liver

E) hypothalamus

165. The pancreatic hormone that causes blood sugar levels to lower is

A) growth hormone.

B) cortisol.

C) insulin.

D) glucagon.

E) erythropoietin.

166. The hormone that dominates during the alarm phase of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS) is

A) testosterone.

B) aldosterone.

C) cortisol.

D) thyroid hormone.

E) epinephrine.

167. Alcoholic beverages cause excessive urine production by blocking the action of

A) aldosterone.

B) FSH.

C) ADH.

D) cortisol.

E) TSH.

Match the HORMONE with the respective GLAND to which they are most closely associated.

#

Hormone

CODE

Endocrine Organ

Antidiuretic Hormone

Estrogen

Glucagon

Insulin

Melatonin

Oxytocin

Parathyroid Hormone

Testosterone

Thyroid Hormone

A.

B.

C.

D.

E.

AB.

AC.

AD.

AE.

BC.

BD.

Adrenal Gland

Anterior Pituitary

Hypothalamus

Ovary

Pancreas

Parathyroid Gland

Pineal Gland

Posterior Pituitary

Teste

Thymus

Thyroid Gland

Endocrine System Organs

From the following Illustration, identify / match the ID symbol with its appropriate TERM.

Question

Code

Term

168. Identify W

169. Identify #

170. Identify $

171. Identify &

172. Identify %

173. Identify ?

174. Identify Y

A

B

C

D

E

AB

AC

AD

AE

BC

Hypothalamus

Ovary

Pancreas

Parathyroids

Pineal

Pituitary

Suprarenal

Testis

Thymus

Thyroid

Endocrine System Organs Illustration

Per The illustration of Body Cavities, Match the region or cavity marked by symbol with its correct anatomical name. COLUMN I

Illustration of Body Cavities

Q #

Identification

175. _

176. _

177. _

178. _

Body cavity @

Body cavity / view *

Body cavity #

Body cavity &

Body cavity %

Match the COMPONENTS and FUNCTIONS with the respective SYSTEM to which they are most closely associated. COLUMN VI

COMPONENTS / DESCRIPTION

CODE

179. fallopian tubes and seminal vesicles

180. ureters

181. bronchi, bronchioles and alveoli

182. ligaments, articulations

183. nails, sudiferous glands and hair

184. arteries and veins

185. brain stem and spinal nerves

186. esophagus, liver, pancreas, and anus

187. tendons, and myofibrils

188. testes, thyroid, pancreas, ovary, adrenals

189. spleen and thoracic duct

A

B

C

D

E

AB

AC

AD

AE

BC

BD

Cardiovascular

Digestive

Endocrine

Integumentary

Lymphatic / Immune

Muscular

Nervous

Reproductive

Respiratory

Skeletal

Urinary

190. absorption

191. gametogenesis

192. filtration and micturition

193. external ventilation AE

194. Allergic and immune response

195. Waste, gas and nutrient transport

196. information integration, acute homeostasis

197. voluntary movement

198. toxin, infection, environmental protection, waterproofing

199. posture

200. chemical homeostasis

Match the level of structural organization that best fits the definition…See COLUMN XI for Choices

DESCRIPTION / DEFINITION

· Groups of like cells and the surrounding materials that work together to perform a particular function

· A group of tissues that structurally and functionally perform a determined task

· Structural and functional group of related organs with a common function within an organism

Match the common name or common region with its anatomical term…See COLUMN XII for Choices

DESCRIPTION / DEFINITION

· Shoulder

· Groin

· Elbow

· Foot

· Chin

Anatomy terminology / Lexicon Match the Term with its derivation in the Greek or Latin.

TERM

Greek / Latin Derivation

Root, Prefix and / or Suffix

CODE

· Beneath, below

· Brain

· Ear

· Eye

· Outside

· Self

· Upon

· Toward the center

· In between

· To the side

Auto

Baro

Brachi

Brevis

Cerebro

Coel

Contra

Crani

Dys

Endo

Ecto

Epi

Glosso

Homo

Hypo

Infra

Inter

Intra

Ipsi

Iso

Lateral

Lemni

Limbic

Mamil

Medial

Morpho

Optic

Oto

Retro

A

B

C

D

E

AB

AC

AD

AE

BC

BD

BE

CD

CE

DE

ABC

ABD

ABE

ACD

ACE

ADE

BCD

BCE

BDE

CDE

ABCD

ABCE

ABDE

ACDE

Reproductive System

· Testosterone is needed _____________.

A) to stimulate growth of male reproductive organs.

B) to promote functioning of male reproductive organs.

C) for development of male secondary sexual characteristics

D) All of these are correct

· Male gametes are the _____ and the female gametes are the _____.

A) testes; ovaries

B) sperm; egg

C) testosterone; estrogens

D) scrotum; uterus

· The site of fertilization within the female body is the _________.

A) oviducts

B) ovary

C) cervix

D) uterus

Match the indicated tem with its designation on the following illustration

· urethra

· epididymis

· prostate

Match the indicated tem with its designation on the following illustration

· fallopian tube

· uterus

· cervix

Development

· The fertilized egg is initially called the ______.

A) oocyte

B) ovum

C) zygote

D) embryo

· The _____ is where fetal blood exchanges molecules with maternal blood.

A) uterus

B) vagina

C) placenta

D) umbilical cord

· When does the embryo take on human characteristics?

A) 4 to 6 weeks

B) 6 to 8 weeks

C) 8 to 10 weeks

D) 10 to 12 weeks

DNA / RNA / Protein Synthesis

· Complementary base pairing in DNA is always:

A) A to T and C to G.

B) A to C and T to G.

C) A to G and C to T

D) A to U and C to G.

· Making a copy of DNA is called:

A) reduction.

B) replication.

C) transcription.

D) translation.

· Messenger RNA carries genetic information from chromosomes to the ______.

A) ribosomes

B) endoplasmic reticulum

C) nucleolus

D) plasmids

· _______ is the synthesis of an RNA molecule from a DNA template.

A) Transcription

B) Translation

C) Duplication

D) Cloning

· ________is converting the sequence of bases on mRNA to a sequence of amino acids.

A) Transcription

B) Replication

C) Translation

D) Processing.

Lymphatic / Immune System

Structure

A Primary

B Secondary

· Tonsil

· Lymph Nodes

· Red bone marrow

· Spleen

· Thymus

Cell Division And Inheritance

· All life, that we know of, comes from __________:

A) spontaneous generation.

B) marine life.

C) tree life

D) strange environments

E) pre-existing life

· Humans inherit _______ pairs of chromosomes.

A) 10

B) 12

C) 23

D) 46

· Mitosis is involved in _______.

A) growth and repair

B) oogenesis

C) spermatogenesis

D) both B and C

· The type of cell division that results in the formation of gametes is __________.

A) mitosis

B) meiosis

C) nondisjunction

D) somatic division

· In humans, the haploid number of chromosomes found in the egg and sperm is _________.

A) 23 pair.

B) 23.

C) 46.

D) 46 pair.

· Alternate forms of a gene having the same position on a pair of chromosomes and affecting the same trait are called______.

A) chromatids

B) alleles

C) DNA segments

D) centrioles

· A Brown eyed male mates with a Brown eyed Female and subsequently have a brown eyed daughter and a blue eyed son. Therefore they each must be

· homozygous for blue eyes

· homozygous for brown eyes

· heterozygous

Cell Chemistry

· The formation of ______ bonds involves the transfer of electrons from one atom to another nearby atom.

A) covalent

B) ionic

C) hydrogen

D) all of the above

· The smalles subunits of proteins are the ______ .

A) amines

B) peptides

C) polypeptides

D) amino acids

· The plasma membrane is ______ .

A) impermeable

B) totally permeable

C) selectively permeable (semipermeable)

D) None of these answers are correct.

Skeletal System

· The most rigid connective tissue is called ____.

A) cartilage

B) bone

C) dense connective tissue

D) adipose tissue

· In compact bone, bone cells are located in lacunae that are arranged in concentric circles within tiny cylinders called _____.

A) osteocytes

B) canals

C) osteons

D) matrix

· Which connective tissue has a fluid matrix located in blood vessels?

A) bone

B) blood

C) cartilage

D) bone, blood, and cartilage

C) secretion of the organic matrix of bone

· The skeleton _______.

A) permits flexible movement

B) supports and protects the body

C) produces blood cells and stores inorganic salts

D) All of these are correct.

· The axial skeleton consists of ________.

A) the skull

B) the vertebral column

C) the hyoid bone and rib cage

D) all of the above

· The vertebral column has the following sections, superior to inferior….

A) one, two, three, four

B) lateral, vertical, dorsal, ventral

C) cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, coccyxl

D) cervical, ventral, dorsal, lateral, caudal

Fill in the following table: indicate the term for the respective genders. COLUMN II

Identification

Q#

Identification

Q#

Name this bone

·

Name this bone

· _

Name this bone

·

Name this bone

· _

Name this bone

·

Name this bone

· _

Name this bone

·

Name this bone

· _

Name this bone

·

Name this bone

· _

Name this bone

·

Name this bone

· _

HUMAN SKULL

HUMAN SKELETON

Muscular System

Fill In the term for the following definitions of muscular -skeletal movement. Choose from Column XIII

TERM

Definition

Extension

· Increases the angle between articulating structures in a hinge joint and in the sagittal plane

Adduction

· Movement of a bone or structure toward the midline

Abduction

· Movement of a bone or appendage away from the midline

Circumduction

· Circles in the air with your arms

Respiratory System

Trace the flow of air into and through the anatomically correct order of structures. Mark the letter of the choice in the following flow chart.

Anatomical Order of Exhalation of CO2

Anatomical Choices

· ____

· _____

· ________

· __________

· ____________

A. bronchi

B. larynx

C. nasopharynx

D. bronchiole

E. trachea

· What human organ system is responsible for exchanging gases with the outside environment?

A) respiratory system

B) endocrine system

C) excretory system

D) external ventilation

· Oxygen-rich blood is carried through pulmonary arteries from the lungs to the heart.

A) True

B) False

· Oxygen-poor blood is carried through systemic veins from the body tissues back to the heart.

A) True

B) False

· The __________ houses the vocal cords.

A) larynx

B) bronchus

C) pharynx

D) esophagus

· The trachea divides into two __________ that lead to the lung

. A) glotti

B) tracheae

C) bronchi

D) bronchioles

· Each bronchiole terminates in an elongated space enclosed by a multitude of air pockets called_.

A) the glottis

B) alveoli

C) the larynx

D) the pharynx

· Each alveolar sac is surrounded by __________ carrying blood.

A) arteries

B) veins

C) venules

D) capillaries

· During __________, the respiratory pigment hemoglobin combines with oxygen to form oxyhemoglobin in the pulmonary capillaries.

A) internal respiration

B) external respiration

C) anaerobic respiration

D) ventilation

Match the Structure indicated by a symbol with its correct Name COLUMN VIII

#

Illustration

· _

· _

· _

· _

· __

Name this structure ?

Name this structure #

Name this structure $

Name this structure(s) %

Name this structure(s) @

Muscular System

· Skeletal muscle fibers are ______ .

A) smooth

B) striated

C) spindle-shaped

D) fragmented

· Where is smooth muscle found?

A) intestines

B) stomach

C) blood vessels

D) intestines, stomach, and blood vessels

· A distinguishing characteristic of cardiac muscle cells is the presence of ____________.

A) actin filaments

B) intercalated disks

C) neuroglia

D) neurons

· Which of the following is(are) types of muscle?

A) cardiac

B) skeletal

C) smooth

D) All of these are correct.

· The type of muscle tissue that is controlled voluntarily is called _____________

A) smooth muscle

B) cardiac muscle

C) skeletal muscle

D) All of these are under conscious control

· The lower arm extends when the _________.

A) triceps brachii contracts

B) biceps brachii contracts

C) brachialis contracts

D) deltoid contracts

· Skeletal muscles are usually named on the basis of _____ .

A) shape, size, or action

B) direction of fibers

C) number of attachments

D) all of the above

· A muscle fiber contains 2 principal contractile proteins _____ that run the length of a muscle fiber.

A) actin filaments

B) myosin filaments

C) sarcolemma

D) myofibrils

E) A and B

AB) None of the above

Cardiovascular

· The _____ system transports nutrients and oxygen to cells and removes their waste.

A) digestive

B) cardiovascular

C) excretory

D) respiratory

· The circulatory system has ______ types of blood vessels.

A) one

B) two

C) three

D) four

· _____ are small arteries just visible to the naked eye.

A) Venules

B) Capillaries

C) Veins

D) Arterioles

· The venae cavae carry low-oxygen blood to the ______ of the heart.

A) right ventricle

B) right atrium

C) left ventricle

D) left atrium

· The largest artery in the systemic circuit is the ______ .

A) anterior vena cava

B) pulmonary vein

C) aorta

D) femoral artery

· The ______ arteries serve the heart muscle.

A) femoral

B) hepatic

C) iliac

D) coronary

· The two components of the cardiovascular system are __________.

A) the heart and the aorta

B) the heart and all the arteries

C) the heart and the blood vessels

D) the blood vessels and the lymphatic system

· The liquid portion of blood is called ____.

A) lymph

B) plasma

C) a cellular matrix

D) blood cells

· The iron-containing red colored molecule found in red blood cells is _____.

A) erythropoietin

B) lymphocyte

C) hemoglobin

D) hemolysis

· White blood cells ______.

A) have a nucleus

B) lack hemoglobin

C) fight infection

D) all of the above

· B lymphocytes are associated with ________.

A) antibody production

B) macrophage production

Diagram of the Circulatory System

Identify the following structures Choose you answers from COLUMN VII

Name this vessel

·

Name this vessel

·

Name this vessel

·

Name this vessel

·

Illustration of Human Heart

Per The illustration of Human Heart above, match the structure marked by symbol with its correct anatomical name. COLUMN VII

· _

· _

· _

· _

· _

Name this structure #

Name this structure %

Name this structure ##

Name this structure $$

Name this structure &&

Endocrine System

Match the HORMONE with the respective GLAND to which they are most closely associated.

#

Hormone

CODE

Endocrine Organ

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone

Aldosterone

Antidiuretic Hormone

Calcitonin

Estrogen

Oxytocin

Testosterone

Thyroid Hormone

A.

B.

C.

D.

E.

AB.

AC.

AD.

AE.

BC.

BD.

Adrenal Gland

Anterior Pituitary

Hypothalamus

Ovary

Pancreas

Parathyroid Gland

Pineal Gland

Posterior Pituitary

Teste

Thymus

Thyroid Gland

Digestion Nutrition

Trace the flow of food through the anatomically correct order of structures. Mark the letter of the choice in the following flow chart. COLUMN IX

Anatomical Flow of Food

LIPS

MOUTH

· _____

ESOPHAGUS

CARDIA

· ________

PYLORIS

DUODENUM

· __________

· __________

CEACUM

ASC COLON

· __________

DESC COLON

· _____________

ANUS

Urinary System

· The _____ system removes nitrogenous waste is.

A) digestive

B) cardiovascular

C) excretory

D) respiratory

E) urinary

· Filtration...

A) occurs when the filtrate passes from the peritubular capillaries back to the nephron tubules.

B) occurs when blood fluids leave the afferent arteriole and enter the Bowman’s capsule.

C) occurs when blood fluids leave the glomerulus and enter the Bowman’s capsule.

D) occurs when the filtrate passes from the nephron tubules back to the efferent arteriole.

E) occurs when the filtrate passes from the nephron tubules back to the peritubular capillaries.

· The removal of metabolic wastes from the body is called __________

A) secretion

B) defecation

C) excretion

D) maintenance

· Besides the excretion of metabolic wastes, which of these describes a vital function of the kidneys?

A) The kidneys maintain the water-salt balance of the body.

B) The kidneys regulate the blood's pH.

C) The kidneys assist the hormone system.

D) All of these are correct.

· The __________ extend(s) from the urinary bladder to an external opening.

A) ureter

B) renal arteries

C) urethra

D) glomerulus

Brain And Spinal Column

· The brain and spinal cord contain conducting cells called ______ .

A) dendrites

B) neurons

C) neuroglia

D) axons

Fill In the Missing information for the Following Table COLUMN III

Function

Structure

regulates posture, balance and interprets intended movement with actual movement, fine motor control

·

relays sensory and motor input from spinal cord to brain, right side to left side and vice versa crossover of many spinal nerves, regulates consciousness, heart rate, coughing breathing and sneezing

·

sensory, motor and associative areas responsible for thought, motion and emotion

·

Nervous System Neurons

· Which of the following is a neurotransmitter that triggers muscle contraction?

A) myosin

B) tropomyosin

C) troponin

D) acetylcholine

· The cells that transmit nerve impulses between parts of the nervous system are called ________.

A) neuroglia

B) neurons

C) motor cells

D) nervous tissue

· The _______ is the portion of a neuron that conducts nerve impulses.

A) dendrite

B) axon

C) myelin sheath

D) sensory receptor

· This protective covering on the axon is formed by a type of neuroglia called Schwann cells.

A) insulating sheath

B) axon terminal

C) myelin sheath

D) neuroglia sheath

Identify the indicated symbols. COLUMN III

Illustration

#

Identify

lustration of Spinal Cord and Nerves

· _

· _

· _

· _

Name this aspect &

Name this structure @

Name this structure #

This structure @ carries ____info

This structure % carries _____ info

Special Senses

· The sense of smell is dependent on _________ in the roof of the nasal cavity that contain numerous types of receptor proteins.

A) olfactory cells

B) hair cells

C) mucus cells

D) All of these are correct.

· The area in the retina that is responsible for acute vision and that contains only cones is called the __________.

A) optic nerve

B) fovea centralis

C) pupil

D) choroid

· The receptors for hearing and equilibrium are located in the _____.

A) inner ear

B) middle ear

C) outer ear

D) tympanic membrane

Histology

Identify the missing terms of tissue classification on the following tables. Choose your answer from COLUMN X

MAINSub TypeSub TypeSub TypeSub TypeSub Type

ConnectiveFibrousLooseAreolar

ConnectiveFibrousLoose

Adipose

184

DenseElastic

ConnectiveDense

Irregular

185

SupportiveCartilgeElastic

ConnectiveSupportiveCartilge

Fibro

186

Connective

Bone187

SupportiveBone

Spongy

MAINSub TypeSub TypeSub TypeSub TypeSub Type

FluidBloodCellsErythrocytes

Connective FluidBloodCells

BloodCellsLeukocytesBasophils

BloodCellsLymphocytes

Eosinophils

188

Macrophages

Monocytes

Neutrophils

BloodCells

Cell FragmentsPlatelets

Plasma

189

MuscleCardiac

Smooth

190

MAINSub TypeSub TypeSub TypeSub TypeSub Type

NervousNeurons

Nervous

NeurogliaCNSAstrocyte

NeurogliaEpendymal

Ependymal

Microglio

Microglia

191

PNSSatellite

Schwan

EpithelialSimpleColumnarCiliated

Non Ciliated

192

Squamous

StratifiedColumnar

Cuboidal

193Keratinized

Non Keratinized

Transitional

194

Human Life

Fill in the following table by placing the letter that matches the statement with the organism.

A for Generally True, commonly known to occur or have occurred, or present as a characteristic;

B for Both True and False, can occur in some situations and / or species;

C for False, does not generally occur, not generally present.

D for No data,

ATTRIBUTE / CHARACTRISTIC

MODERN HUMANS

ANIMALS

Cognizant / reflect / question why as individuals they have existence

195

196

Invent, synthesize new molecules, invent and use technology, express evidence of religious practice, culture and architecture

197

198

This is the END of the EXAM and the END of this Course………

CHOICES

CODE

I Region

II Skeletal

III Nervous

IV Eye

V Perspective

VI System

A

B

C

D

E

AB

AC

AD

AE

BC

BD

BE

CD

CE

DE

ABC

ABD

ABE

ACD

ACE

ADE

BCD

BCE

BDE

CDE

ABCD

ABCE

ABDE

ACDE

BCDE

ABCDE

Abdominal

Abdominopelvic

Cardial

Cervical

Cranial

Crural

Dorsal

Inguinal

Lateral

Medial

Mediastinum

Parietal Pleura

Pelvic

Pericardial

Peritoneal

Pleural

Posterior

Spinal

Thoracic

Ventral

Vertebral

Carpal

Coccyx

Coxal (Ileum, Ischium, Pubis)

Ethmoid

Femur

Frontal

Humerus

Hyoid

Incus

Inferior Nasal Conchae

Lacrimal

Malleus

Mandible

Maxillae

Nasal

Occipital

Palatine

Parietal

Radius

Sacrum

Scapula

Sphenoid

Stapes

Tarsal

Temporal

Tibia

Ulna

Zygomatic

Anterior

Axon

Axon Terminal

Central Canal

Cerebellum

Cerebrum

Central Gray Horn

Dendrite

Dorsal

Dorsal Root Ganglia

Effector

Inter Neuron

Lateral Ventricle

Medulla Oblongata

Midbrain

Motor

Myelin Sheath

Neuron / Fibril

Pituitary

Pons

Posterior

Sensory Neuron

Sensory

Spinal Cord

Ventral

Ventral Root

White Matter

Angle

Anterior Chamber

Aqueus

Capsule

Choroid

Ciliary Process

Conjunctiva

Cornea

Eyelid

Fovea

Iris

Lash

Lens

Optic Nerve

Post Chamber

Pupil

Retina

Sclera

Vitreous

Vitreous band

Zonules

Anterior

Bi-Lateral

Frontal

Inferior

Lateral

Left

Illustration

Oblique

Posterior

Patient / Specimen Left

Patient / Specimen Right

Right Illustration

Sagittal

Superior

Transverse

Cardiovascular

Digestive

Endocrine

Integuement

Lymph / Immune

Muscular

Nervous

Reproductive

Respiratory

Skeletal

Urinary

CHOICES

CODE

VII CV

VIII Respiratory

IX Digestive

X Histo

XI Organization

XII Anat Structure

A

B

C

D

E

AB

AC

AD

AE

BC

BD

BE

CD

CE

DE

ABC

ABD

ABE

ACD

ACE

ADE

BCD

BCE

BDE

CDE

ABCD

ABCE

ABDE

ACDE

BCDE

ABCDE

Aorta

Aortic Semi-Lunar Valve

Chordae Tendinae

Epicardium

Interventricular Septum

Mitral Valve

Left Atrium

Left Ventricle

Mediastinum

Papillary Muscle

Parietal Pericardium

Pulmonary Arteries

Pulmonary Capillaries

Pulmon Semi-Lun Valve

Pulmonary Trunk

Pulmonary Veins

Right Atrium

Right Ventricle

Sinoatrial Node

Superior Capillary

Systemic Arteries

Systemic Capillaries

Transverse

Tricuspid Valve

Vena Cava, Inferior

Vena Cava, Superior

None Of The Above

Alveoli

Bronchus

Bronchiole

Bronch Cartilage

Capillary

Carina

Pulm Artery

Pulmon Vein

Smooth Muscle

Trachea

Anus

Ceacum

Descending Colon

Duodenum

Esophagus

Ileum

Jejunum

Large Intestine

Oropharynx

Rectum

Sigmoid Colon

Stomach

Transverse Colon

Areolar

Bone

Cartilage

Columnar

Compact

Connective

Cuboidal

Hyaline

Loose

Lymph

Lymphocyte

Muscle

Nervous

Oligodendrocyte

Pseudostratified

Regular

Reticular

Simple

Skeletal

Stratified

Atoms

Molecules

Organelles

Cells

Tissues

Organ

Organ Systems

Organism

Population

Community

Ecosystem

Biosphere

Acromial

Antebrachial

Antecubital

Axillary

Brachial

Buccal

Calcaneal

Carpal

Cephalic

Crural

Dorsal

Femoral

Gluteal

Inguinal

Manual

Mental

Occipital

Olecranal

Pedal

Popliteal

Sacral

Scapular

Sternal

Sural

Tarsal

Thoracic

CHOICES

CODE

XIII

A

B

C

D

E

AB

AC

AD

AE

BC

BD

BE

CD

CE

DE

ABC

ABD

ABE

ACD

ACE

ADE

BCD

BCE

BDE

CDE

ABCD

ABCE

ABDE

ACDE

BCDE

ABCDE

Abduction

Adduction

Circumduction

Contraction Assisting

Contractiuon Opposing

Contraction Primary

Contraction

Depression

Dorsiflexion

Elevation

Eversion

Extension

Flexion

Hyperextension

Hyperflexion

Inversion

Lateral flexion

Plantar flexion

Pronation

Protraction

Rotation

Supination

Match the COMPONENTS and FUNCTIONS with the respective SYSTEM to which they are most closely associated. See COLUMN ANATOMICAL SYSTEMS for choices.

#

COMPONENTS / DESCRIPTION

· _

· _

· _

· _

· _

· _

· _

· _

· _

· _

·

fallopian tubes and seminal vesicles

ureters

bronchi, bronchioles and alveoli

ligaments, articulations

nails, sudiferous glands and hair

arteries and veins

brain stem and spinal nerves

esophagus, liver, pancreas, and anus

tendons, and myofibrils

testes, thyroid, pancreas, ovary, adrenals

spleen and thoracic duct

· _

· _

· _

absorption

gametogenesis

filtration and micturition

external ventilation

Allergic and immune response

Waste, gas and nutrient transport

information integration, acute homeostasis

voluntary movement

toxin, infection, environmental protection, waterproofing

posture

chemical homeostasis

Skeletal System

· The most rigid connective tissue is called ____.

A) cartilage

B) bone

C) dense connective tissue

D) adipose tissue

· Which connective tissue has a fluid matrix located in blood vessels?

A) bone

B) blood

C) cartilage

D) bone, blood, and cartilage

C) secretion of the organic matrix of bone

· The skeleton _______.

A) permits flexible movement

B) supports and protects the body

C) produces blood cells and stores inorganic salts

D) All of these are correct.

· The axial skeleton consists of ________.

A) the skull

B) the vertebral column

C) the hyoid bone and rib cage

D) all of the above

· The vertebral column has the following sections, superior to inferior….

A) one, two, three, four

B) lateral, vertical, dorsal, ventral

C) cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, coccyxl

D) cervical, ventral, dorsal, lateral, caudal

Identify the missing terms. Choose your answers from SKELETON Classification. Employ alphabetical order for terms that are within the same group.

Division

Region

Group

Bone

· ____

Skull

Associated Bones

Auditory Ossicles

· _____

· _____

Face

Thoracic Cage

· _____

Sternum

Manubrium

Body

Xiphoid

· _____

Vertebrae

· _____

Thoracic

· _____

Sacrun

· _____

Appendicular

· _____

· _____

Scapula

Upper Limb

Brachial

· _____

Radius

· _____

Appendage

Carpals

Metacarpals

· _____

Pelvic

· _____

Ischium

· _____

Pubis

· _____

Leg

Femur

· _____

· _____

· _____

Tarsals

· _____

Phalanges

Match the level of structural organization that best fits the definition. See Organization for Choices

· Groups of like cells and the surrounding materials that work together to perform a particular function

· A group of tissues that structurally and functionally perform a determined task

· Structural and functional group of related organs with a common function within an organism

· Macromelecular complexes that perform a specific function within a cell

· Polymers of amino acids

Anatomy terminology / Lexicon Match the Term with its derivation in the Greek or Latin.

TERM

Greek / Latin

Root, Prefix and / or Suffix

CODE

· Flat

· Self

· Divides inferior / superior

· Divides anterior / posterior

· Divides Left / right

· Tongue

· Shoulder

· Groin

· Elbow

· Foot

· Chin

· Cell membrane

· Outside

· Painful

· Eye

Acromial

Auto

Baro

Brachi

Brevis

Cerebro

Coel

Contra

Coronal

Cross

Dys

Ecto

Endo

Epi

Glosso

Homo

Hypo

Inguinal

Inter

Intra

Lateral

Lemni

Limbic

Mamil

Medial

Mental

Olecranal

Optic

Pedal

Sagittal

Squamous

A

B

C

D

E

AB

AC

AD

AE

BC

BD

BE

CD

CE

DE

ABC

ABD

ABE

ACD

ACE

ADE

BCD

BCE

BDE

CDE

ABCD

ABCE

ABDE

ACDE

BCDE

ABCDE

Reproductive System

· The reproductive system

A) produces and transports gametes.

B) stores and nourishes gametes.

C) produces FSH and LH.

D) A and B only

E) all of the above

· Sperm cells are stored primarily in the

A) seminiferous tubules.

B) straight tubules.

C) lobules.

D) interstitial areas.

E) epididymis.

· The hormone responsible for a male's secondary sexual characteristics is

A) testosterone.

B) ICSH.

C) FSH.

D) LH.

E) gonadotropin.

· The paired erectile tissues of the penis are the

A) glans penis.

B) prepuce.

C) corpus spongiosum.

D) corpora cavernosa.

E) penile urethra.

Answer: D

Diff: 1

Learning Outcome: 19.2

Skill Level: 1 Reviewing Facts and Terms

· The pituitary hormone that stimulates spermatogenesis is

A) FSH.

B) LH.

C) ACTH.

D) ADH.

E) GH.

· The order in which sperm pass through these structures from the testes to the penis is

A) 1, 3, 4, 2.

B) 4, 3, 1, 2.

C) 4, 1, 2, 3.

D) 4, 1, 3, 2.

E) 1, 4, 3, 2.

· Testosterone is needed _____________.

A) to stimulate growth of male reproductive organs.

B) to promote functioning of male reproductive organs.

C) for development of male secondary sexual characteristics

D) All of these are correct

· Male gametes are the _____ and the female gametes are the _____.

A) testes; ovaries

B) sperm; egg

C) testosterone; estrogens

D) scrotum; uterus

Development

· The fertilized egg is initially called the ______.

A) oocyte

B) ovum

C) zygote

D) embryo

· The _____ is where fetal blood exchanges molecules with maternal blood.

A) uterus

B) vagina

C) placenta

D) umbilical cord

· The period of gestation that is characterized by rapid fetal growth is the ________ trimester(s).

A) first

B) second

C) third

D) first and second

E) second and third

· The period of gestation when the rudiments of all major organ systems appear is the ________ trimester(s).

A) first

B) second

C) third

D) first and second

E) second and third

· The division of the zygote into two blastomeres is referred to as

A) cleavage.

B) implantation.

C) placentation.

D) embryogenesis.

E) fertilization.

· A blastocyst is

A) an extraembryonic membrane that forms blood vessels.

B) a solid ball of cells.

C) a hollow ball of cells.

D) a portion of the placenta.

E) the membrane that forms the urinary bladder.

· The extraembryonic membrane that forms a fluid-filled sac is the

A) yolk sac.

B) amnion.

C) allantois.

D) chorion.

E) decidua.

· During pregnancy,

A) a woman's respiratory rate and tidal volume increase.

B) maternal blood volume increases.

C) maternal nutrient requirements increase.

D) a woman's glomerular filtration rate increases.

E) all of the above

· The first 22 pairs of chromosomes are called

A) homologous chromosomes.

B) homozygous chromosomes.

C) heterozygous chromosomes.

D) autosomal chromosomes.

E) alleles.

· If an individual carries a pair of alleles that are the same, he or she is ________ for the trait.

A) homologous

B) homozygous

C) heterozygous

D) autosomal

E) polygenic

Diff: 1

· In simple inheritance,

A) phenotypic characteristics are determined by a single pair of alleles.

B) phenotypic characteristics are determined by multiple alleles.

C) phenotypic characteristics are determined by the action of a single gene.

D) phenotypic characteristics are controlled by regulator genes on a chromosome other than the one that has the structural genes.

E) phenotypic characteristics are determined by the genes on the Y chromosome.

· The gene that is NOT expressed in a heterozygous situation is called

A) dominant.

B) recessive.

C) incomplete.

D) phenotypic.

· An individual who is homozygous dominant for a trait would be written as

A) aA.

B) aa.

C) AA.

D) Aa.

· Polygenic traits include

A) eye color and hair colors other than pure blond or red.

B) albinism and brachydactyly.

C) inability to roll the tongue into a U-shape.

D) curly hair and eye color.

E) blood Rh factor and color blindness.

· The genotype for a male would be

A) XX.

B) XO.

C) XXO.

D) XY.

E) XYY.

· Which blood type is NOT possible if the mother is blood type AB and the father is type B?

A) A

B) B

C) AB

D) O

· All life, that we know of, comes from __________:

A) spontaneous generation.

B) marine life.

C) tree life

D) strange environments

E) pre-existing life

· Humans inherit _______ pairs of chromosomes.

A) 10

B) 12

C) 23

D) 46

· Mitosis is involved in _______.

A) growth and repair

B) oogenesis

C) spermatogenesis

D) both B and C

· The type of cell division that results in the formation of gametes is __________.

A) mitosis

B) meiosis

C) nondisjunction

D) somatic division

· In humans, the haploid number of chromosomes found in the egg and sperm is _________.

A) 23 pair.

B) 23.

C) 46.

D) 46 pair.

· Alternate forms of a gene having the same position on a pair of chromosomes and affecting the same trait are called______.

A) chromatids

B) alleles

C) DNA segments

D) centrioles

Cell Chemistry

· The smallest subunits of proteins are the ______ .

A) amines

B) peptides

C) polypeptides

D) amino acids

· The plasma membrane is ______ .

A) impermeable

B) totally permeable

C) selectively permeable (semipermeable)

D) None of these answers are correct.

· The cytoplasm contains_______. Mark all that apply

A) cytosol

B) metabolites

C) waste

D) cytoskeleton

E) glycocalyx

SCANTRON 2

Muscular System

Fill In the term for the following definitions of muscular -skeletal movement. Choose from Column MOTION

TERM

Definition

Extension

· Increases the angle between articulating structures in a hinge joint and in the sagittal plane

Adduction

· Movement of a bone or structure toward the midline

Abduction

· Movement of a bone or appendage away from the midline

Circumduction

· Circles in the air with your arms

MUSCLE ANATOMY

CODE

TERM

A

B

C

D

E

AB

AC

AD

AE

BC

BD

BE

CD

CE

Bone

Distally

Endomysium

Epimysium

Fascicle

Fiber / Cell

Filament

Ligament

Muscle

Perimysium

Proximally

Sarcoplasm

Sarcolemma

Tendon

Using the illustration and answer choices from above and beginning with actin and myosin, list in increasing order of complexity, the structural organization of a muscle. Complete the following table.

Contracting / Functional Element

Least complex to Most complex

Surrounding / Connective Tissue

Myofilaments, actin and myosin

Form the Myofibrils

· Which are embedded in and make up most of the ______

Which form the Muscle Fibers / Cells

· Each of which are surrounded by the _____

· Which in turn are surrounded and connected to one another by the _____

All of which form the Fascicles

Each of which are surrounded and connected to one another by the Perimysium

· All of which form the _____

That is surrounded by the Epimysium

· Which becomes part of the _____ as it proceeds

· _____and attaches to the Bone

Respiratory System

Trace the flow of air into and through the anatomically correct order of structures. Mark the letter of the choice in the following flow chart. See the examples start and end.

Anatomical Order of Air Flow of CO2

From the alveoli

Anatomical Choices

CODE

Alveoli C

· __

· _

· _

· __

· __

· __

· __

· __

· __

· __

· __

External Environment AC

Alveolar sac

Alveolar duct

Alveoli

Bronchi

Bronchi

Bronchiole

External environment

Larynx

Nares

Nasopharynx

Oropharynx

Trachea

A

B

C

D

E

AB

AC

AD

AE

BC

BD

BE

· What human organ system is responsible for exchanging gases with the outside environment?

A) respiratory system

B) endocrine system

C) excretory system

D) external ventilation

· Oxygen-rich blood is carried through pulmonary arteries from the lungs to the heart.

A) True

B) False

· Oxygen-poor blood is carried through systemic veins from the body tissues back to the heart.

A) True

B) False

· The __________ houses the vocal cords.

A) larynx

B) bronchus

C) pharynx

D) esophagus

· The trachea divides into two __________ that lead to the lung

. A) glotti

B) tracheae

C) bronchi

D) bronchioles

· Each bronchiole terminates in an elongated space enclosed by a multitude of air pockets called_.

A) the glottis

B) alveoli

C) the larynx

D) the pharynx

· Each alveolar sac is surrounded by __________ carrying blood.

A) arteries

B) veins

C) venules

D) capillaries

· During __________, the respiratory pigment hemoglobin combines with oxygen to form oxyhemoglobin in the pulmonary capillaries.

A) internal respiration

B) external respiration

C) anaerobic respiration

D) ventilation

Muscular System

· Skeletal muscle fibers are ______ .

A) smooth

B) striated

C) spindle-shaped

D) fragmented

· Where is smooth muscle found?

A) intestines

B) stomach

C) blood vessels

D) intestines, stomach, and blood vessels

· A distinguishing characteristic of cardiac muscle cells is the presence of ____________.

A) actin filaments

B) intercalated disks

C) neuroglia

D) neurons

· Which of the following is(are) types of muscle?

A) cardiac

B) skeletal

C) smooth

D) All of these are correct.

· The type of muscle tissue that is controlled voluntarily is called _____________

A) smooth muscle

B) cardiac muscle

C) skeletal muscle

D) All of these are under conscious control

· The lower arm extends when the _________.

A) triceps brachii contracts