Biology 11 1
Transcript of Biology 11 1
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The Works of Gregor Mendel 11.1
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Genetics
• Scientific study of heredity.
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Fertilization• Process in sexual reproduction in which
male and female reproductive cells join to form a new cell.
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True-Breeding
• Term used to describe organisms that produce offspring identical to themselves if allowed to self-pollinate.
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Trait • Specific characteristic that varies from
one individual to another.
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Hybrid • Offspring of crosses between parents
with different traits.
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Gene
• Sequence of DNA that codes for a protein and thus determines a trait.
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Allele
• One of a number of different forms of a gene.
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Segregation
• Separation of alleles during gamete formation.
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Gamete
• Specialized cell involved in sexual reproduction.
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Key Concept
• What is the principle of dominance?–The principle of dominance states that
some alleles are dominant and others are recessive.
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Key Concept• What happens during segregation?–When each F1 plant flowers and
produces gametes, the two alleles segregate from each other so that each gamete carries only a single copy of each gene. Therefore, each F1 plant produces two types of gametes-those with the allele for tallness and those with the allele for shortness.