BIOLOGY

BIOLOGY

CONSERVATION OF BIODIVERSITY

LEARNING OBJECTIVESTo study about biodiversity and conservation of wildlife.To know about the meaning of flora and fauna.To know the causes of extinction of wildlifeTo study endangered , vulnerable , rare and threatened species of plants and animals.To know the importance of national parks, sanctuaries and biosphere reserves in wildlife management.To study migration of animals.To study about Red Data Book and its importance.To study about endemic species of India.

CONSERVATION OF FORESTS

WHAT IS FOREST CONSERVATION ? The maintenance and upkeep of forest is called Forest Conservation .

STEPS TO CONSERVE FORESTSIndiscriminate deforestation should be prohibitedWastage of timber and fuel wood to be avoidedAlternative sources of energy , such as biogas should be used to supplement fuel woodForest fires should be preventedPests and diseases of the forest trees should be controlled chemically and biologicallyGrazing of cattle in forests should be discouragedLarge afforestation should be done in areas unfit for agriculture

FLORA AND FAUNA

WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY FLORA

WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY FLORA ?Flora is the plant life occurring in a particular region or time , generally thenaturally occurring or indigenous nativeplant life .

WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY FAUNA ? Fauna is all of the animals life ofany particular region or time .

Flora , fauna and other forms of life such as fungi are collectivelyreferred to as biota .

SUBDIVISIONS OF FAUNACryofaunaCryptofaunaInfaunaEpifaunaMacrofaunaMegafaunaMeiofaunaMesofaunaMicrofauna

WILDLIFE

WHAT IS WILDLIFE ?Wildlife traditionally refers to non domesticated animal species , but has come to include all plants , fungi and otherorganisms which grow or live wild in an area without being introduced by humans.

CAUSES OF EXTINCTINCTION &DEPLETION OF WILDLIFE

INDISCRIMINATE HUNTINGSeveral species have become extinct dueto their hunting by man for food , pleasureand animal products . The examples aredisappearance of the bird dodo in Mauritiusand the cheetah in India .

DESTRUCTION OF NATURAL HABITATMan has destroyed the natural habitats of wildlife for his settlements , cropping , plantation , mining and raising of dams , overgrazing by domestic animals , etc . Deforestation and environmental pollutionhas disturbed the migratory routes of many birds .

INTRODUCTION OF EXOTIC SPECIESMan not only destroys the natural habitat , but also sometimes changes the structure ofthe biotic community of a place by introducing exotic species of his interest . Such species compete with the native species for food and space and manythreaten the later with extinction . For example , the introduction of exotic troutand bass fish in the USA is endangering the native species of fish .

FOREST FIRESSetting the forest on fire not only kills the useful animals but also causes large scale destruction of the plant life .

OVER EXPLOITATION OF NATURAL RESOURCESSeveral animals and plants are valuable sources of food and other materials . Fish ,prawns and crabs constitute an importantpart of human food . Man has , however , over exploited these resources . Overfishing in sea is causing a grave situation and the picture is not encouraging with respect tofresh water fishing . The rate of consump tion of fish is greater than its repleni shment .

INTERNATIONAL TRADE OF ANIMAL PRODUCTSThe legal or illegal export of plant andanimal products from the developing countries to the affluent countries is animportant international trade and has brought several animal and plantspecies to extinction .

LEGAL LAPSEThe failure of enforcement of theexisting laws of wildlife manage ment is yet another reason for the rapid depletion of wildlife .

HUMAN IGNORANCEMan is mainly responsible for depletion and extinction of wildlifeon the earth . This is largely due to ignorance of the common manregarding the value of wildlife and the probable consequences of thedisappearance of wildlife to manhimself .

PICTURES

HOW BEAUTIFUL OUR EARTH WAS . . .

WE ARE DESTROYING ITS BEAUTY . . . .

SAVE FORESTSAVE EARTH

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