BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES

By:

MARIA KRISIA FAE DELOS REYES DE ASIS, BSN-RN

INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEMBURN-Tissue damage caused by excessive heat, electricity, radioactivity, or chemicals that corrode the proteins in the skin cells

First-degree burn-Involves only the epidermis-Mild pain and erythema, no blisters-Skin functions remain intact-Flushing with cold water may lessen pain

INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEMSecond-degree burn-Destroys the epidermis and part of the dermis-Some skin functions are lost-Redness, blister formation, edema, severe pain-In a blister, the epidermis separates from the dermis due to the accumulation of tissue fluid between them

INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEMThird-degree burn-Destroys the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous layer-Most skin functions are lost-Vary in appearance from marble-white to mahogany, to black, dry wounds-There is edema, and the burned region is numb because sensory nerve endings have been destroyed

SKELETAL SYSTEM-The entire framework of bones and their cartilages constitutes the skeletal system

+ OSTEOLOGY-Study of bone structure and bone disorders

SKELETAL SYSTEMFUNCTIONS:1. Support2. Protection3. Assistance in movement4. Mineral homeostasis5. Blood cell production

a. Red bone marrow – connective tissue within bones that produce RBCs, WBCs, and platelets

6. Triglyceride storagea. Yellow bone marrow – consists

of adipose cells

MUSCULOSKELETAL INJURIES(1)Sprain — Partial or complete

disruption in the continuity of a muscular or ligamentous support of a joint. It is usually caused by a blow, kick or torsion force

(2)Dislocation — Displacement of the articular surface of bones entering into the formation of a joint

(3)Fracture — Disruption of continuity of bone resulting from violence or some existing pathology

SKELETAL SYSTEM

(a)Close or Simple Fracture — Fracture wherein there is no break in continuity of the overlying skin or where the external air has no point of access to the site of injury

(b)Open or Compound Fracture — The fracture is complicated by an open wound caused by the broken bone which protruded with other tissues of the broken skin

(c)Comminuted Fracture — the fractured bone is fragmented into several pieces

MEDICAL CLASSIFICATION OF WOUNDS

(d)Greenstick Fracture — A fracture wherein only one side of the bone is broken while the other side is merely bent

(e)Linear Fracture — When the fracture forms a crack commonly observed in flat bones

(f)Spiral Fracture — The break in the bone forms a spiral manner as observed in long bones

(g)Pathologic Fracture — Fracture caused by weakness of the bone due to disease rather than violence

MEDICAL CLASSIFICATION OF WOUNDS

(4)Strain — The over-stretching, instead of an actual tearing or the rupture of a muscle or ligament which may not be associated with the joint

(5)Subluxation — Incomplete dislocation

MEDICAL CLASSIFICATION OF WOUNDS

Please bring out any piece of paper and prepare for a quiz..

GOOD LUCK!

QUESTION:

1. A fracture wherein only one side of the bone is broken while the other side is merely bent

QUESTION:

2. Study of bone structure and bone disorders

QUESTION:

3. Tissue damage caused by excessive heat, electricity, radioactivity, or chemicals that corrode the proteins in the skin cells

QUESTION:

4. This type of burn destroys the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous layer

QUESTION:

5. Type of burn wherein the epidermis separates from the dermis due to the accumulation of tissue fluid between them

QUESTION:

6. This is the connective tissue within bones that produce RBCs, WBCs, and platelets

QUESTION:

7. Partial or complete disruption in the continuity of a muscular or ligamentous support of a joint

QUESTION:

8. Disruption of continuity of bone resulting from violence or some existing pathology

QUESTION:

9. The fracture is complicated by an open wound caused by the broken bone which protruded with other tissues of the broken skin

QUESTION:

10. This is also known as the breastbone

QUESTION:

11. This is the longest bone in the human body

QUESTION:

12. How many bones are there in an adult human?

QUESTION:

13. How many bones are there in an infant?

QUESTION:

14. This is also known as the skull bone

QUESTION:

15. How many vertebrae make up the vertebral column?