Biological control in glasshouses in the Netherlands. Hans Muilerman PAN-Europe NIC-wg Paris,...
Transcript of Biological control in glasshouses in the Netherlands. Hans Muilerman PAN-Europe NIC-wg Paris,...
![Page 1: Biological control in glasshouses in the Netherlands. Hans Muilerman PAN-Europe NIC-wg Paris, 8-12-09.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062417/55151d305503465e608b5197/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Biological control in glasshouses in the
Netherlands.
Hans MuilermanPAN-Europe NIC-wg Paris, 8-12-09.
![Page 2: Biological control in glasshouses in the Netherlands. Hans Muilerman PAN-Europe NIC-wg Paris, 8-12-09.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062417/55151d305503465e608b5197/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
50.000 hectares of vegetables and flowers
![Page 3: Biological control in glasshouses in the Netherlands. Hans Muilerman PAN-Europe NIC-wg Paris, 8-12-09.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062417/55151d305503465e608b5197/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
No ‘green fingers’ anymore.
![Page 4: Biological control in glasshouses in the Netherlands. Hans Muilerman PAN-Europe NIC-wg Paris, 8-12-09.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062417/55151d305503465e608b5197/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Production completely industrialized
![Page 5: Biological control in glasshouses in the Netherlands. Hans Muilerman PAN-Europe NIC-wg Paris, 8-12-09.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062417/55151d305503465e608b5197/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
High input type of production, and..
![Page 6: Biological control in glasshouses in the Netherlands. Hans Muilerman PAN-Europe NIC-wg Paris, 8-12-09.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062417/55151d305503465e608b5197/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
… also industrial type of recirculation, and….
![Page 7: Biological control in glasshouses in the Netherlands. Hans Muilerman PAN-Europe NIC-wg Paris, 8-12-09.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062417/55151d305503465e608b5197/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
… full scale energy production combining heat
and electricity
![Page 8: Biological control in glasshouses in the Netherlands. Hans Muilerman PAN-Europe NIC-wg Paris, 8-12-09.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062417/55151d305503465e608b5197/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Big problems finding people ready to do the picking
![Page 9: Biological control in glasshouses in the Netherlands. Hans Muilerman PAN-Europe NIC-wg Paris, 8-12-09.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062417/55151d305503465e608b5197/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Market segmentation forced by ‘Bild Zeitung’.
![Page 10: Biological control in glasshouses in the Netherlands. Hans Muilerman PAN-Europe NIC-wg Paris, 8-12-09.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062417/55151d305503465e608b5197/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Resistance problems led to biological control in the 70-
es
![Page 11: Biological control in glasshouses in the Netherlands. Hans Muilerman PAN-Europe NIC-wg Paris, 8-12-09.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062417/55151d305503465e608b5197/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Biological Control in glasshouses Biological Control in glasshouses increasing increasing
(Van Lenteren, 2006)(Van Lenteren, 2006)
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
Number of naturalenemiescommerciallyavailable forglasshouse crops
Hectares ofglasshouse cropsunder IPM (World)
![Page 12: Biological control in glasshouses in the Netherlands. Hans Muilerman PAN-Europe NIC-wg Paris, 8-12-09.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062417/55151d305503465e608b5197/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Biological control Type 3 and 4 measures of IP.
IP hierarchy & Type of measures
1. Prevention
2. Technical measures for cultivation
3. Systems for early warning and deciding
4. Non-synthetic chemical crop protection
5. Chemical crop protection and application techniques
6. Emission reduction
![Page 13: Biological control in glasshouses in the Netherlands. Hans Muilerman PAN-Europe NIC-wg Paris, 8-12-09.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062417/55151d305503465e608b5197/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Potential for BC almost unlimited
Predators (vertebrates) Microbials Pheromones Sterile flies Natural substances Biological soil treatment ….., even sound
![Page 14: Biological control in glasshouses in the Netherlands. Hans Muilerman PAN-Europe NIC-wg Paris, 8-12-09.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062417/55151d305503465e608b5197/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Use of pesticides still major problem,
especially in flower crops
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Use ofpesticidesin kg/ha,CBS, 2000.
![Page 15: Biological control in glasshouses in the Netherlands. Hans Muilerman PAN-Europe NIC-wg Paris, 8-12-09.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062417/55151d305503465e608b5197/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Zero-tolerance policy also doesn’t help
![Page 16: Biological control in glasshouses in the Netherlands. Hans Muilerman PAN-Europe NIC-wg Paris, 8-12-09.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062417/55151d305503465e608b5197/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Challenges
Getting BC (and IPM) rewarded in the market
Change unfair EU approval system and turn it around to giving BC an advantage
Remove and substitute chemicals harming BC-systems
Keep chemical industry from buying up BC-companies
![Page 17: Biological control in glasshouses in the Netherlands. Hans Muilerman PAN-Europe NIC-wg Paris, 8-12-09.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062417/55151d305503465e608b5197/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
More challenges: arable crops!
![Page 18: Biological control in glasshouses in the Netherlands. Hans Muilerman PAN-Europe NIC-wg Paris, 8-12-09.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062417/55151d305503465e608b5197/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Campaigning helps