Biological Chemistry Thursday February 16 th, 2006 .
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Transcript of Biological Chemistry Thursday February 16 th, 2006 .
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Biological Chemistry
Thursday February 16th, 2006
http://charlescurtis.ca
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Summary
CarbohydratesLipidsProteinsDenaturationNucleic Acids
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Carbohydrates
Molecules which contain carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
Used as a source of energy for plants and animals
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Monosaccharides
Simplest carbohydrateContains only one unit of a sugar
moleculeMost commonly contain six carbons
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Disaccharides
Contains two sugarsMost common is sucrose (table sugar)
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Polysaccharides (Complex Carbohydrates)
Insoluble in waterExamples include:
RiceWheat flourCornstarchPotatoesPasta
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Cellulose
Different type of bond between monosaccharides
Humans can not digest
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Chitin
Modified form of celluloseFound in hard exterior skeletons of
insects and crustaceans
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Lipids
Like carbohydrates contain carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
Contain less oxygen then carbohydratesMore dominated by C-H, and C-C bonds
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Triglycerides
Contains glycerol and three fatty acidsGlycerol section is always the same,
therefore it is the change in fatty acids that make up different triglycerides
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What was different?
Saturated fatUnsaturated fat
Review of Carbon BondingForms four bondsBond can be single, double or tripleSingle bonds give overall straight fat structureDouble bonds produce a kink
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Fats vs Oils
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Waxes and Phospholipids
See page 30 of text bookWaxes
Contain carbon and hydrogenCompletely non-polar
PhospholipidsSimilar to triglyceride but with phosphate
bases and with only two fatty acids
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Steroids
Made up of four carbon ringsExamples
Sex hormones: testosterone and estradiolcholesterol
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Proteins
Are built from 20 amino acids8 are considered essential because the
body can not synthesis them from other molecules
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The Peptide Bond
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Polypeptide
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Enzymes and Catalysts
Enzymes are proteins, which increase the rate of reaction. They allow reaction to occur at room temperature.
Enzymes and chemical, which speeds up the rate of a reaction are called catalysts.
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Denaturation
Proteins will loose their shape when heated.
See page 32 of text – Figure 19a/bMay or may not be reversibleCan anyone give me an example,
possible one from breakfast?
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Nucleic Acids
Contains three parts:A five carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose)
Ribose = RNADeoxyribose = DNA
A phosphate groupNitrogen containing organic group.
Adenine (A)Guanine (G)Thymine (T)Cytosine C)
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Nucleotide
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DNAComposed of two nucleotide strandsForms double helixContains genetic information, which is
passed from one generation to the nextRNA
Composed of a single nucleotideForms single helix
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Please Read pages 33 and 34 for more information on Nucleic acid.
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DNA – Double Helix
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Homework
p35 Questions # 8-14