Biological Basis of Addiction
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Transcript of Biological Basis of Addiction
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Biological Basis of Addiction
Christine Foster, LMSWChildren’s Therapist
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Effects of Substance Abuse: Conception – Age 11
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Photo courtesy of Sterling Clarren, MD – Brain at 6 wks
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Faces in Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
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What we see What we think What may be really going on
What we can do
► Doesn’t follow rules
▪Noncompliance▪Attention Seeking▪Stubborn▪Purposeful
●Difficulty translating verbal directions into action●Cognitive deficit
♦Check for understanding♦Repeat instructions♦Simplify tasks
► Repeatedly makes the same mistakes
▪Manipulative▪Doing it on purpose▪Willful
●Not able to link cause and effect●Difficulty generalizing
♦Provide assistance with organization♦Structure choices
► Poor social judgment
▪Attention Seeking▪Poorly parented▪Impulsive
●Not able to interpret social cues●Desire to be liked
♦Role play♦Identify safe external support/s♦Safety planning
►Easily agitated ▪Poor self control▪Deviant
●Frustrated●Disappointed●Mental health issue
♦Teach self advocacy♦Identify and practice copingtechniques
Texas Office for Prevention of Developmental Disabilities
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Don’t TalkDon’t TrustDon’t DealDon’t Feel
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How do people get better from alcohol and drugs?
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Effects of Substance Abuse: Ages 12-25
Apoptosis = Pruning200 billion to 100 billion
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HYPOFRONTALITY:when Dopamine spikes the cortex actually shuts off
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How dodrugs & alcohol effect the brain during the
pruning process?
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Limbic SystemFight or FlightPleasurable Experiences: Dopamine
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0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
Food
Sex
Cocaine
Meth
100%150%350%1100%
Dopamine Release
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If you arrest here but stop using here
Age 12
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Arrested Development Effects
Stuck in psychosocial stage of development
10% Decrease in Hippocampus functioning (converts information to memory)
Increased social disinhibition Risky, impulsive behavior Poor planning &
judgment Little ability to weigh
consequences
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Developmental Age of Parents
Parents with Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
Teen Parents
Parents with Arrested Development
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Practical Applications
• Connect Client to Appropriate Service– Parent Coaching, Individual Therapy, In or
Outpatient Treatment,12-step, ACA, Alanon• Connect Child to Appropriate Service– Play Therapy, High Risk Classes, Individual or Family
Therapy• Teach Parents Executive Functioning Skills• Teach Parents To Teach Executive Functioning
Skills
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Tools for Working with Families
• Play: A child’s work• Patterned, Repetitive, Predictable &
Rhythmic• Praise Executive Functioning in Parents• Teach Parents What To Say During Family
Dinners• Behavior Modification Contracts
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Dopamine-Releasing Chemicals
• Alcohol & Sedative/Hypnotics
• Opiates/Opioids• Cocaine• Amphetamines• Entactogens (MDMA)• Entheogens/
Hallucinogens• Dissociants (PCP,
Ketamine)• Cannabinoids• Inhalants• Nicotine• Caffeine• Anabolic-Androgenic
Steroids
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Prefrontal Cortex Thinking: Executive Functioning
1. Abstract; conceptual understanding2. Impulse Control3. Problem-Solving4. Decision-Making5. Judgment6. Emotion Regulation/Frustration Tolerance7. Ability to Feel Empathy
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References•Califano Jr., Joseph (2009),How to Raise a Drug-Free Kid, The Straight Dope for Parents.•Giedd. J. N. (2004).Structural magnetic resonance imaging of the adolescent brain. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1021, 77-85.•Spear, L. P. (2002). Alcohol’s effects on adolescents. Alcohol Health and Research World, 26 (4), 287-291.Suggested Reading•Dahl, R.E. & Spear, L.P. (Eds.) (2004). Adolescent brain development: vulnerabilities and opportunities. New York: Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, Volume 1021. •Dubuc, B. (n.d.).The brain from top to bottom. McGill University web site:•http://www.thebrain.mcgill.ca/flash/index_d.html•http://www.childtraumaacademy.com/amazing_brain/index.html•http://fasdcenter.samhsa.gov•http://nofas.org•Landreth, G. (2002). Play Therapy: The Art of the Relationship. Brunner Routledge.•Nestler, E. J., & Malenka, R. C. (2004, March). The addicted brain. Scientific American, 290 (3), 78-85.•Underwood, N. (2009). The teenage brain: Why adolescents sleep in, take risks, and won’t listen to reason. The Walrus Magazine.•Wallis, C. (2004, May 10). What makes teens tick? Time, 163, 57-65.•Walsh, D. (2004). Why do they act that way? A survival guide to the adolescent brain for you and your teen. New York: Free Press.