BIOL 2230 Lecture 8 March 21, 2011 Ch. 14: Infection, Infectious Diseases, and Epidemiology...
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Transcript of BIOL 2230 Lecture 8 March 21, 2011 Ch. 14: Infection, Infectious Diseases, and Epidemiology...
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BIOL 2230Lecture 8
March 21, 2011
Ch. 14: Infection, Infectious Diseases, and Epidemiology continued
Ch. 15: Innate Immunity
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Cholera deaths in London, 1854
Figure 14.19
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Question
A nosocomial disease is a disease acquired A) in a health care facility.B) by eating contaminated food.C) by using a contaminated needle.D) by being bitten by an infected insect.
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Pathogen
1st line of defense
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Skin
Figure 15.1
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Lacrimal apparatus
Figure 15.3
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Question
Which of the following characteristics is shared by the skin and mucous membranes?A) They are both constantly shedding and replacing cells.B) They both have cilia.C) The outer layers are composed of dead cells.D) Lysozymes are always present.
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Question
Which of the following is NOT considered part of the body's nonspecific lines of defense against disease?A) antibodies B) mucous membranesC) intact skinD) phagocytic cells
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Question
Microbial antagonism refers toA) the presence of pathogens on the surface of the skin, which
will invade the body through abrasions.B) the presence of normal microbiota that protect the body by
competing with pathogens in a variety of ways to prevent pathogens from invading the body.
C) the presence of normal microbiota that can become pathogens under certain conditions.
D) the ability of microbiota to mutate into pathogens.
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http://www.sacbee.com/2011/02/06/3381958/super-bowl-xlv.html
Pathogen
2nd line of defense
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Hematopoeisis
Figure 15.4
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Stained blood smears
Figure 15.5a
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Diapedesis
http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/diapedesis
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Stained blood smears
Figure 15.5a
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Phagocytosis
http://www.zazzle.com/bacteria_phagocytosis_tee_tshirt-235099195840678272
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Stained blood smears
Figure 15.5a
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Stained blood smears
Figure 15.5b
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Question
Which of the following cells increase in number during a helminth infection?A) basophilsB) macrophagesC) neutrophilsD) eosinophils
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Phagocytosis
Figure 15.6
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Type 1 Interferons
Figure 15.7
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QuestionAlpha and beta interferons
A) help protect virus-infected cells from the effects of the pathogen.B) protect the cells that secrete them from being invaded by a virus.C) are produced by infected fibroblasts and macrophages.D) produce active antiviral proteins (AVPs) that coat the surface of healthy cells and prevent the attachment of pathogenic viruses.
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Complement Pathways
Figure 15.8
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Question
Which of the following statements concerning the alternative complement system is true?
A) It is more efficient than the classical pathway.B) It works best on Gram-positive bacteria.C) Its activation is independent of antibodies.D) It is not useful in the early stages of fungal infection.
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Question
MACs are
A) the end result for the classical complement system only.B) the end result for the alternative complement system only.C) the initial trigger for the classical complement system only.D) the end result of both the classical and alternative
complement systems.
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Dilation
Figure 15.12
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Increased Vascular Permeability
Figure 15.13
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Overview of Inflammation
Figure 15.14
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Possible explanation of fever production
Figure 15.15
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http://www.wheelbarrowsoftware.com/fpd_full_screen.htm
Adaptive immune cells
Pathogen
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Lymphocyte
Figure 16.1
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Lymphatic System
Figure 16.2b
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Lymphatic System
Figure 16.2c
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Lymphatic System
Figure 16.2a
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Epitope
Figure 16.3a
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Types of Antigens
Figure 16.3b-d