Bioiversity of Pakistan
Transcript of Bioiversity of Pakistan
-
7/25/2019 Bioiversity of Pakistan
1/111
F N R
-
7/25/2019 Bioiversity of Pakistan
2/111
F C
C N G. P: NWFP W D
, M H N P. P: H W
P.
-
7/25/2019 Bioiversity of Pakistan
3/111
C
A I
P
E S V
C I: , B 1
I 1
B P 1
S B 2
F 2
I 4
F 4
A B 4
L B 5
D S L B 5
F B 6
I W B 8M C B 10
T B 11
C II: C B A 14
I 14
T G P BAP 14
G A BAP 15
O P A BAP 15
P BAP P 290
O BAP I 29
E BAP 29
C F BAP 30O F BAP 30
L N A CBD 31
M R S A I BAP 32
F P I CBD O P 33
L F ( ) 33
N C S 35
S P C S 35
B C S 35
N A S S D 36
S S S D 36
D C S I D P 36
C III: B C 38
I 38
A 38
L 38
F 39
F P 39
E 40
-
7/25/2019 Bioiversity of Pakistan
4/111
T 40
C S D 41
C C I 41
M E A 43
M D G 43
C I: C 45
P 2010 T I S P 45
P 2010 T 45
I S P 53
M 55
C 55
I C I C S U B 55
A L L 56
F P C N 56
A 58
I. I P 58
R P 58
P 59
II. F S I 61
IIIA G P C S 64
IIIB T P W P A 71
A
1. W R C P P 81
2. S F P T E (CITES A I) 83
M 83
B 84
R 843. S P L B E (CITES A II) 86
M 86
B 86
R 87
4. S F P I T (CITES A III) 91
M 91
R 93
B 93
5. S P F C A 94
R I D P 9
C R F C D B C P 12
N W I P 17
M D N , AJK 19
Q B G 21
I I S D L S L 23
T M C S U 27
I A P: M I E 42
M T C P 47
-
7/25/2019 Bioiversity of Pakistan
5/111
S O W V P 48
M R M E 52
C C F E 65
C J F E 66
N R M I L N P 69
C K N P GB 70
R A C E R 76B D R P A P 78
L T S L 80
B O, M H N P.. (P: M. G R,
H W F, I)
-
7/25/2019 Bioiversity of Pakistan
6/111
A
ABS A B S
ADP A D P
AJKFWD A J & K F W DBAP B A P
BCS B C S
CBD C B D
CBO C B O
CEC C E C
CITES C I T E S W F F
CKNP C K N P
DNA D
EE E E
EIA E I A
ERWDA E R W D A
ESA E S AFAO F A O U N
GDD G
GDP G D P
GEF G E
GIS G I S
GP G P
GPS G P S
HWF H W F
HV H V
ICM I C M
IDDV I D D V
IEE I E EIUCN I U C N
K K
LAC L A C
LGO L G O
LPG L P G
M M
MACP M A C P
MAF M A F
MFD M F D
MSP M S P
NA N A
NASSD N A S S DNCS N C S
NEAP N E A P
NGO N G O
NOAA N O A A
NP N P
NRM N R M
NTFP N T F P
NWFP N W F P
-
7/25/2019 Bioiversity of Pakistan
7/111
PA P A
PAMP P A M P
PMNH P M N H
PPEPCA P P E C A
PRIF P F
PSL P S L
PWGIS P W G I SPWP P W P
SAARC S A A R C
SACEP S A C E P
SEA S E A
SPCS S P C S
S S
SLM S L M
SMART S M R
SSSD S S S D
SUSG CA S U S G C A
TED T E D
UNDP U N D PUNEP U N E P
UNESCO U N E, S, C O
UK U K
USA U S A
VO V O
WCS W C S
WTO W T O
WWF W W F N
O O D L ( ), M H N
P(P: M. S K, H W F, I)
-
7/25/2019 Bioiversity of Pakistan
8/111
PREFACE
P . P
. S P
; IM I
H . T E .
T C B D (CBD)
P. A P ,
CBD. T
CBD
. W , ,
, 2010
. T
, .
C
B S M E. M. R I, T O
N R C T. T T,
. T
2010 .
S D. S I A (K U) D. R A (N H)
P C S ; D. S A (P
A R C) L C M, ,
. W D. A A C
. L D. J
A, B C , .
T G E F UNDP P
.
A M Q
B N F P
G P, M E, I
-
7/25/2019 Bioiversity of Pakistan
9/111
E S
I
P A . T H, K H K
. T I , T, H MD,
P. T A,
I S R. O 90%
CBD. H, P
, . O 79.9
, 22 (23%) 18 4
.
, B
T P
. N P. P 195
( 13 ) . T 668 , 25
. T 177 13 . T 14
, , 90 65 . T 22 9 . F
198 29 . S 5000 .
T 5700 400 P.
P 3000 500 .
T T, H, MD , , ,
. M . H,
. T I , , . P
, , , 25 , 28 , , ,
.
T A , , ,
T , ,
. R I
. P . C
B .
T . T
. G
. T
. P
.
-
7/25/2019 Bioiversity of Pakistan
10/111
B A
P B A P 2000,
. T BAP
. H . T 2006 B S M
E. T
BAP . H
BAP .
T P N C S (NCS)
1992. T NCS
. T BAP
BAP. I ,
. T
.
B
T , . T
. T
. T M E
. T .
T 2006 ,
. F
. T M D G 4.8
6%, 9 12% 2015
2010
P 2010 . T
. P 2010
. A
10% . P GEF
, , . I ,
J .
P GEF .
C (, ,
) , NGO. H,
CITES
. T
. T
.
-
7/25/2019 Bioiversity of Pakistan
11/111
H,
. P
,
.
P
. H,
. T
. T
; ,
.
A N B C C P. N
B . T
BAP, C P. T
. T
. S
;
.
C
S P 1968. A
1970. T P
M B (.). T P
, P C S. H,
.
A
P 23 , 97 104 9,852,006
. A 2000 . T
. O 227
PA , 58 IUCN 169 PA
. T P ,
, , , .
T
. T A P
PA, PA, ESA . P
, , ,
.
-
7/25/2019 Bioiversity of Pakistan
12/111
M
. S
. T . S
. T
.
T MACP PRIF
. T GEF
. A
C
, .
C
I C I C B
T
P. T , ,
. T
. F :
C
( , NGO )
.
T ,
. T
, NGO .
T
.
H, ,
. H,
.
T , ,
. H,
. E .
T
.
F , ,
.
-
7/25/2019 Bioiversity of Pakistan
13/111
A
T
, , ,
. T
, . T
. F
, .
T , , , ,
.
F C
T 2010
, . T , . T
,
N B P.
I H : T B S M
E . T B S
. T B S
. A ,
:
T B S
;
I, , M E
B S, N C C W, S
D.
W
;
T
, ;
; .
B : M
. T . A
. T :
C C
.
-
7/25/2019 Bioiversity of Pakistan
14/111
B
.
S 10% ,
, .
F N P C S .
D
.
I
, .
D
.
D ,
.
T L , T V Q, B. A P:
SUSG CA, Q, P)
-
7/25/2019 Bioiversity of Pakistan
15/111
C I
O S, T T B
I
G, P 24 37
N 61
75
E . I
C , A S , I , A I
. I : NWFP, P, S B
I. T P 796,095 170 (2009), 193 . .
P
: ; I R ,
A, D
S R I. T
H K,
K R, H. T
K2 (M G A, 8,611
), N
P (8,126 ), .
S I
R S K R A
S R K R,
S
. T
,
B .
L P'
. N
. C , ,
, I R P S
. O 79.6 , 22
(23%) : 16 3 . F,
, 5.014% .
B
A P, , P
. T , P. R (1991)
. T
CBD 1
A ( 1) P NOAA 2000. T
20 P. T
P
..
S
:
: .. 1 0 5
-
7/25/2019 Bioiversity of Pakistan
16/111
1. E/H .
. E/H CBD A A () %
A
1 M M C 550,186
-
7/25/2019 Bioiversity of Pakistan
17/111
12. E A G
T T R P E T
M 195 6 20B 668 ? 25
R 192 13 6
A 22 9 1
F () 198 29 1
F () 788 5
E 25 2
M (M) 769 8
C (M) 287 6
A (M) 101 1
I >5000
A 5700 380 ?
G 21 ?
P 189 ?
A 775 20 ?
F >4500 2 ?
A P , P
, 30% (R 1991). O P I
1Source: Third National Report- Pakistan
M 2. L U P.
-
7/25/2019 Bioiversity of Pakistan
18/111
M , P. O ,
SH (R 1991). T S R, H K, H
NWFP A K W H E B A;
10 P. T I V
, .
T P , , , , , 98 77 . O , 13 . A
, P, IM E . O ,
T, , , E, . T C D
, P
I. T P
. A P , 22
, 9 .
I
S , 5,000 P (1,000
, 400 , 110 49 ).
O 109 , 800 (700
, 100 ), 355 . T
400, S, L P (PMNH, .
). B
. I , 80 ,
(H, 1997).
F
A 5,700 ,
(N A, 1970). T
, M, SS, ES, I T, SJ I
A Q (1986). T C (649 ),P (597), P (439), B (250), C (202). A ,
189 ( ), 153 S J
36 E S. F (, , ,
) 400 (7.8%) P (R. A, . .). M
IT SJ. A 80% P
(A Q 1986). H,
: B P W H P. T
K H . F
20 P (57 ), C (49), U (34),
P (32) B (20); 31 A,
P 134 (R. A, . .).
A B
T
. P
I
. I , , ,
, , . A
-
7/25/2019 Bioiversity of Pakistan
19/111
NOAA
:
T A E (000 ) P
C I 15982.39 19.16
R 2739.42 3.28
R 828.05 0.99
P 3,000 ( BAP
2000). T 500 , N
A P ( BAP 2000). A , P
A
1.
T T, H MD , ,
, GB A
. M P G R. H,
, ,
,
. T P , , , , , , , ,
, ( ).
R ,
1970. T, 15,600
40 P G R I, N A R C. O
50% ( BAP 2000).
T .
B
T I , . P
, , , 25 , 28 , ,
, . T NR K . A
, (S, R S), (B, D, D,
L, R) (T T). H,
2025% . O , 14
14 . A 7580% P
(I. H, . .). K
AJK
D B
M 90 P . P 27.45
. T
. I
(, )
-
7/25/2019 Bioiversity of Pakistan
20/111
. M
P : , , , ,
, , , . A 11
35 . T
28% . D , 3.1%
5% (70009000 ). F ,
.
E, P (C . 1965). A
, , BIOME3
. T
. I ,
. F
:
/. T , , , . T
. T
, , .
G/A . T ,
, , , ,
, , , , .
/A . T / ( S
4.6 ). , ., , , ,
., . .
D. T I , T,
T, C; , 11 P. T S, B,
P GB 250 .
N S, P, B GB 125 . T 103
000 .
I . T
S P. B ( ), S (
) . , .
F.
F I . H,
. .
.
F B
T , 4.73 5.014% (GP,
2004). T , ,
3.5 4% . I ,
2.4 (2.7%), (2 ) (
50% ). M , P ,
,
-
7/25/2019 Bioiversity of Pakistan
21/111
50% . G ( 50% )
P 400,000 . T , ,
.
R . I
, , S H D, NWFP
52% 1967 1992. S . T I D
. I 20 , 2,600
1970 (P 1993) 1,300 1990. T
;
(S, 1997).
I P . T
, ,
. T
P , .
U, P 1992
.
O
P (C, , 1965),
. T
:
A . T
( 65% )
(60C) (
-
7/25/2019 Bioiversity of Pakistan
22/111
C / . T
, ,
/
. T .
/ . T
E N A,
2
D
. W >
4C 1200 GDD
1800 3660 . O ,
, , , , . , ,
. T
. I ,
, ,
.
/ . T
5 15C
65%
1000 1800 .
I B
The inland water resources of Pakistan are dominated by the Indus River System, comprising ofthe Indus, Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, and Sutlej, all originating in Western Himalayas, flow fromnortheast to south and drain into Arabian Sea through the Indus Delta. Kabul River originating in
Afghanistan drains into the Indus, near Attock. Other than the Indus River system, there aresome small rivers in Baluchistan province such as the Hub River, Gudri River, and the Nal River,all of which drain into the Arabian Sea on the Makran coast. Pakistan has one of the world's
largest man-made canal irrigation systems, which consists of a number of large dams, barrages,and a network of irrigation canals and waterways. The three largest dams are the Tarbela,Mangla and Hub.
P 198 , 15 . T
A, A A . A
( S) ;
B (P: NWFP W D)
F F (P: NWFP W D
-
7/25/2019 Bioiversity of Pakistan
23/111
A . S I , K
H , B
.
A 32 P. T
. H,
.
O T ( ), H ,
M T D . T P
( ), 200 I R.
T
.
I D
T I R ( ) '
. A 1,275
, I R P. H,
, , , ,
. A ,
I. M
1,200 I R.
I , , WWF
. WWF
2001 . I 2001 1100. T 2006 2001
1275 T
1970' S D R. C S W
D WWF P, G P
. I 2006, I R 1400
1600.
(C WWF P)
-
7/25/2019 Bioiversity of Pakistan
24/111
T , 20 , ( )
C B
P 1050 , (990 K )
A S. T P
. T I A S
, . T
.
T . A
,
. A P S
P 1973. T . F
.
A 800 P ; ,
. L B. T I ( ) I
R . P ( ), ,
I R .
M P S H R
I B K I . P
, , , , . T
US$ 156.254 (20032004). T
P 350 . S 240 , 50
, 10 18 , 21
, 12 / / .
I , P 10
, , . T P
P . T
P GDP .
A 200304 GDP
. D J M
200304, 101,256 R 7.9 J,
USA, UK, G, M E, S L, C . T , ,
2003 566,203 .
T ( ) ( )
P. U , M . E P. S , . S
K (S C) G J (B C)
. B O R
I U C N N R (IUCN).
T S W M W W F N (WWF)
, . T
P
(TED) .
-
7/25/2019 Bioiversity of Pakistan
25/111
. E
P. ,
. O
. O 48
P. T
, , .
M I (P: IUCN P)
A 56 S S . T
G T, O, S P, G P, K P, S, D, M
S, C, W . A , ; ,
, , , , , , , . M
. I
. C .
B .
C B (J, A I). C
, A I G,
. S ( ),
A I. A
B .
B
T ,
, , ,
. T
BAP (2000).
. T ,
. T
. F
. W ,
.
T , ,
P. T I B P 137.2
-
7/25/2019 Bioiversity of Pakistan
26/111
(MAF), 104 MAF . T,
I B I D A S
(GP IUCN, 1992).
G
. S .
(M 1991). T
; ;
(A BAP, 2000). T
. H,
.
. T 40,00050,000
GA A . O 200
. I ,
. I ,
. T
.
C
(HV). T ,
, , , .
C F C D B C
I P. A B
P 25 77 . A I 37
B . T P,
, , M
P A. A E C C R M C A
J, B S W D 2008
UNEP S A C E P (SACEP).
C A I. (P: W L)
(S: ://..//)
-
7/25/2019 Bioiversity of Pakistan
27/111
. M ,
.
, .
T .
T . L 240 R
(GP IUCN 1992). T
.
I K 12
. A 80%
, L M. M K
.
A N P (P: H W F, I)
-
7/25/2019 Bioiversity of Pakistan
28/111
C II
C S N B S A P
I
T B A P P 2000
, ,
. T B
A P 13 A CBD:
; ; ; ; ;
; ; ; ;
; ; ; . F ,
P
. T P ,
NGO, .
T N C S (NCS) P
M 1992. T NCS
. A NCS ,
. T BAP
2000. S
BAP,
C.
G BA
T P :
E .
B . W
, , ,
, .
C P. W
, P
.
B ;
.
A .
B ,
.
N .
-
7/25/2019 Bioiversity of Pakistan
29/111
T ,
.
G A BA
T B A P
P , ,
. T BAP :
T
;
T
;
T ;
T ;
T , , .
T
P C.
A BA
1: A
.
A :
1. S .
2. P , .
3. I BAP, ,
.4. I P P, F P A
D P (ADP), , , ,
.
5. P
.
2: D CBD
.
A :
1. R 1973 C
.
2. R P CBD
/
.
3. E
CBD .
4. U P,
CBD CITES (C I T
-
7/25/2019 Bioiversity of Pakistan
30/111
E S W F F), B C (C
C M S W A) . E
5. E, ,
CBD
.
6. F , IEE/EIA P E P A,
.
7. D A 15 ( ), A
16 () A 19 ( ).
8. D / , ,
.
3: E .
A :
1. I
, , . T
CITES A I II.
2. R , (CBO) NGO
.
3. T
.
4. T
.
4: E .
A :
1. A ( )
.
2. I ,
, , ( A 1 C).
3. C R D L .
4. A .
5. S
.
6. F , ,
NGO . T ()
.
-
7/25/2019 Bioiversity of Pakistan
31/111
I
T P W P (PWP)
P. T P N W C . S
,
P , ,
. P . T
, GIS W I (PWGIS) ,
. I
.
A P
. W 150 19
R . L 28 47 P W . T
, , . WGIS .
C
GIS, GPS R S, . S 75
.
-
7/25/2019 Bioiversity of Pakistan
32/111
5: D .
A :
1. D P. P
A 1
C. M
.
2. P .. S E ,
/,
.
6:
.
A
1. E : ()
; ()
IUCN,
; ()
, NGO ; ()
.
2. C . O
, P.
3. E P , .
4. E .
5. R .
6. T , .
7: C .
A :
1. D
.
2. A , , .
3. E NGO , ,
.
4. E . O
, I C
M (ICM) P.
5. E
;
.
6. E , ,
. T
.
-
7/25/2019 Bioiversity of Pakistan
33/111
7. P
.
DEE AIA A, AHI
T (19892003) K I P
N 2003. I 2004, AJF F W D ( AJKFWD)
H W F (HWF ) 13 I N V P KI KGB A . T G
B A P N P (D) H
B 1992,
.
T ,
. T
M. T N
. A
P M AJK D 2007, M D N
P 135,000 , , , .
(C : H W F, P)
-
7/25/2019 Bioiversity of Pakistan
34/111
8: .
A :
1. D .2. C , ,
, , , ,
.
3. E
P .
4. I . T
, .
5. S
, , .
6. P .
7. E
.
8. I
.
9: D .
A :
1. W BAP,
.
2. R , ,
: ;
;
3. I S. 10: E, .
A :
1. E , , NGO
.
2. D ( )
.
3. E .
4. T ..,
.
11: .
A :
1. R ..,
, , ,
.
2. E ( )
.
-
7/25/2019 Bioiversity of Pakistan
35/111
3. U
.
4. P
, UNDP/GEF B P
R C D.
B G
A Q G J U P, P 21
A, 2009. T
Q B G UNESCO
H Q.
P Q' G
T Q B G. T
( 150) G P (J F)
H Q.
O , I ,
,
.
T Q , , , . T ,
, ,
, H B.
T Q B G ,
.
S: B G C I (://..///0197/ ) C U P
-
7/25/2019 Bioiversity of Pakistan
36/111
12: D
.
A :
1. D, ,
.2. I .
13: / I
.
A :
1. C BAP
.
14: C
.
A :
A 14.1 I :
) ,
A ,
;
)
, ;
) ,
;
) , .. ;
) /
, ;
) T ( )
. P : ;
) E ; .
-
7/25/2019 Bioiversity of Pakistan
37/111
I I D
W W F N (UK) 1999, P S L (PSL)
, . I , .
I 2006, PSL R A E (US $ 50,000)
. I , PSL
DNA A. PSL
. O
.
PSL
. T PSL
.
(C: S H, A P, T C, H, CT, USA)
-
7/25/2019 Bioiversity of Pakistan
38/111
A 14.2 I
:
)
; ;
NGO;
) S , . F
,
.
) S . T
) C .
A 14.3 I
. T :
) ;
) ;
) U .. ,
. T ,
;
) P
.
15: I .
A :
1. C GP ,
.
16: , .
A :
1. E, .
2. I .
3. D,
P . T
. A
.
17: .
A :
1. A ,
,
.
2. D
.
-
7/25/2019 Bioiversity of Pakistan
39/111
3. E ,
, . E
, , .
4. D
. P
, .
5. C .6. P, , ,
.. .
7. S NGO
; ,
NGO VO.
8. I ,
, .
18: D .
A :
1. D
NCS
2. S, .
19: I
.
A :
1. D ,
, ,
.
2. A , , , ,
; ,
.
3. D . I
: ;
.
4. E ,
, . T
, NGO,
, .
20: .
A :
1. D ,
P.
2. D ,
PA,
PA.
-
7/25/2019 Bioiversity of Pakistan
40/111
3. E ,
.
4. M ;
. T
.
5. D
P.6. E ,
,
. I
.
7. E , NGO,
.
8. D , ,
, , ,
.
9. D
.
10. D , , ,
P.
11. E ,
, NGO,
.
21: I EIA , .
A :
1. F , IEE/EIA 1997
A,
, .
2. S . P
E P A /
EIA
.
3. E EIA . T EIA
. D
NGO
,
.
4. E S E A (SEA)
N D P
.
5. R N E Q S
,
.
-
7/25/2019 Bioiversity of Pakistan
41/111
C
T B S ( ) , A U (
) . T ( K) , ,
1980; S M A U
. O . A
. H U S
F W S B W D C P
T , , . L
. T
1986. T . T
,
.
T C P P.
T M U, . S , , A , .
A 78 , . T ,
.
A D 2005, 2540 M 3145 U T . M
1 CITES. T CITES C P J 1997
P, M . R
, T,
CIC M A CP 9 CBD B G 2008.
R ,
CIC M A CP 9 CBD B G 2008.
C: S T E P, Q)
-
7/25/2019 Bioiversity of Pakistan
42/111
22: D
.
A :
1. C
.2. P , ,
.
3. F
( , , ,
, NGO, CBO ).
4. D
.
5. D .
6. I ,
A
, .
7. C , SAARC (S A A R
C) , ,
.
23: .
A :
1. E P
.
2. E , ,
, , , .
3. E P, B N H M P
24: D
.
A :
1. R ,
.
2. R
B A P; .
3. E
.
25: .
A :
1. C
P.
-
7/25/2019 Bioiversity of Pakistan
43/111
2. E /
.
3. C . I
.
4. S GEF,
GEF .5. T P CBD C P.
BA
P BAP G P
W B G E F. IUCNT W C U,
P W W F N, P.
T BAP ,
. A,
. P
B W G M E, L G RD.
BA I
T BAP 2000 2005 B S
M E BAP. T
. T
BAP, CBD,
, BAP ,
.
T B S BAP. T B S
, ,
, . B
S . I
2030
. A B W G
. C
BAP . T G 32
CBD
. B S C ,
.
E BA
T BAP
CBD P. F P (M T D F)
BAP G.
A , BAP IV
5. T BAP . T
-
7/25/2019 Bioiversity of Pakistan
44/111
BAP, ,
.
C F BA
T
BAP. S :
T BAP
. W CBD,
.
T B W G
.
T
.
T BAP
CBD.
T PAP .
F BA
A BAP . E
, BAP . T
. L . A
BAP,
.
. T
:
T B S
M E,
, N C C W, T S D,
B D.
A N B C P
CBD.
T B W G
.
T
, , . T
BAP .
T B D
BAP.
N B CBD ,
.
-
7/25/2019 Bioiversity of Pakistan
45/111
A CBD
T B A P ,
. H
BAP. A
.
N A L BAP
1 B
, .
A 1.3
2 P C : B, G
B A, NWFP, P S.
D C S: A, C.
A 1.5
3 R : A J K,
L R : B, NWFP, GB.
A 2.3
4 CITES A A 2.4
5 R EIA
.
P E P A, 1997.
A 2.6
6 A ,
.
A 2. 7
7 B A 2.8
8 C CITES . A 3.1
9 R . A3.3
10 C . A 3.4
11 G PA A 4. 2
12 R , . A 4.3
13 P M N H
.
A 4.5
14 C PA
.
A 6. 1
15 A PA 2000. A 6.2
16 S : CKNP, M D, S
M, K C N P, L N P, H
S N P, G N P, T P N P,
P L N P
A 6.3
17 I : C G, D,
H, M, K, A.
E 4 ;
E .
A 6.4
18 D
.
A 6.5
-
7/25/2019 Bioiversity of Pakistan
46/111
D N P: C
G, H, M.
19 M
.
A 6.6
20 F ;
C B. S
P R AJK .
A 7.2
21 C NGO ,
, B: A
: MACP, PAMP, PWP, 2 GEF M S
, GEF .
A 7.3
22 S : C G,
M, CKNP, M NP, S R.
A 7.4
23 C
.
A 7.5
24 R B, NWFP ,
GB.
A 9.2
25 M . A 9.326 E
.
A 10.1
27 T ,
.
A 10.4
28 C . A 11.4
29 A A U .
P U
.
A 17.4
30 I
GEF .
A 17.7
31 M E
.
A 19.3
32 R PA A 20.2
33 M , ,
A 20.3
34 A , NGO
A 20.11
35 EIA A 21.1
36 S IUCN
P
A 21. 4
37 P M
E
A 23.1
38 E PA M A
C
A 24.3
39 A
A 25. 14
A I BA
T B A P
. T
.
-
7/25/2019 Bioiversity of Pakistan
47/111
F I CBD
I CBD, CBD P:
1. S ,
CBD .
2. P N B P CBD .
3. P N P W .
4. P N P C S.
5. P N P W NTFP ( )
.
6. P N P W
.
7. D
.
8. D CBD.
9. D GIS .
F ( )
M NGO
CBD. S BAP
,
. P GEF ,
, ,
. A
.
F
($)
I
F ($)
M B
P R
C D
2,500,000 GEF P
I
F (PRIF) 1996 1999
M A
C P
750,000 8,100,000
1,500,000
GEF
UNDP
G
P
1999 2006
P A
M P
670,000 10,080,000 GEF
G P
2002 2009
W P 1,200,000 3,041,350
1,800,000
4,034,000
GEF
UNDP
RNE
2005 2011
-
7/25/2019 Bioiversity of Pakistan
48/111
C S
STEP 215,000
GOB 110,000
C
C
S 13,000
SUSG 25,000
767,000
100,000
GEF
UNDP
G
P
N NGO
2006 2011
C J
F
975,000
150,000
GEF
UNDP
G
(
666,670
P S
(PKP) 57,000
B
20,000
NGO & CBO
616,767
P S
33,300
2007 2011
C C
F
150, 000 E
U
2006 07
GEF S G P 153,605 2,219,512 GEF BP
P
M M 75,000
25,000
GEF
UNDP
2009 2010
E K
C C S
I A S
P
913,000
867,700
GEF
UNDP
2010 2013
-
7/25/2019 Bioiversity of Pakistan
49/111
C
T N C S (NCS) M 1992
P . T NCS
: , ,
. T, ,
: ;
; P.
NCS ,
, ,
, , ,
, ,
. A NCS
E S F P D D, S D
P I.
T S . T , E P A
. (S: IUCN P ://../.)
T
N W F P, B, GB A, S. T
P . A
.
C
T S P C S S D A P
P N W F P
P N C S. A
,
, , . T SPCS
. I NWFP C J 1996,
. (S: IUCN P )
://../.
B C
C 44% P , B . T ,
, ,
. M
B . T
,
B C S (BCS).
-
7/25/2019 Bioiversity of Pakistan
50/111
-
7/25/2019 Bioiversity of Pakistan
51/111
T SPCS, ,
,
.
T IUCN ,
C A D NWFP. G P L G
O (LGO, 2001),
, . S
S 140 (4) LGO
2001,
I D D V (IDDV).
IUCN IDDV .
S IDDV, IUCN
IDDV . T
, ,
IDDV. (S: IUCN P).
H B B D N P. (P: H W F)
-
7/25/2019 Bioiversity of Pakistan
52/111
C III
B CI
P
, . T
N C S 1992 1999
N B A P. T NCS,
P, P
14 ,
. T N E A
P (NEAP), F 2001, G'
: , , . A
NEAP. T E P
2005.
D ,
, , ,
. F, P
,
. P
. H,
. T
, . A
.
A
T 62 ,
N A P . M
P ,
, , , , . O
,
WTO , , ,
.
O A P P
. T
, .
L P' 50
. T
. H, FAO U N
-
7/25/2019 Bioiversity of Pakistan
53/111
F M F, A L (MINFAL)
"N L P & A P"
F
F . I
,
. T 57 . I
, . I 180,000
.
A P
2006. . T
; ;
. T
.
F
T , , 10.5 , 1.4
. H,
. W ,
. T
. A H E S
, 79% (82%),
(7.3%), (9.8%). F ,
, , , , ,
, .
T ; ,
. T N E P
P
. T :
F N F P.
C
.
P .
P . E
A.
D
.
D
.
P P. P
, , LPG,
-
7/25/2019 Bioiversity of Pakistan
54/111
, ,
.
S
.
P
.
E
T C W M E M E
NEAP S P
P. T
. T
P .
T E E (EE)
10 P. T
:
C E S 9
1 .
E C / 1 12
, .
O / / P NWFP .
M T E S 8
10
.
T P , .
S 1971, ,
122,000 494,000. C , P . D 1995, 42.8 . W
P ,
, P
.
T
. T ' T M P
U N 1967. I
.
I P,
1983 . T : ()
; ()
. S 1988,
US $200
. S 1991, US$ 1,000
. D ,
-
7/25/2019 Bioiversity of Pakistan
55/111
. R,
1990 N T.
C D
T N C S (NCS) 1992 : () , () , ()
. T NCS ,
68 . A
NCS 2002
P' N C S (NCS)
. F NCS
.
W NCS,
. T N W F P
(NWFP) B.
NWFP
( A C). A GB A
. A
. T
.
A
. H,
.
C C I
T N E P P
:
P E: T ,
:
I
.
E
.
I
.
C /
.
U .
D .
E .
-
7/25/2019 Bioiversity of Pakistan
56/111
-
7/25/2019 Bioiversity of Pakistan
57/111
I A : I E
W G200 1997, WWF
. T
. A G200, P I
E, 238 41 P P WWF
N.
T I E P R B L M E
1999. T 2002 2004 I
E P. T I E P 2006
. F , .. ,
, .
A I E
, P (NRM)
. F P E
K N.
T P . I I E S C
, D C
C. T P NRM
. P
. T P
.
F P ..
-
7/25/2019 Bioiversity of Pakistan
58/111
G E: I ,
. T , :
C .
E .
M .
L
.
I " "
.
E L G: E
. F , :
E .
D .
B
. D .
E .
E A
T NEP
. I , :
E
.
E ,
, P ,
.
D
, J P I, M
D G W, E, H, A, B (WEHAB)
.
T M E M
CITES, C M S, R R . T M
W H C. T
.
D G
P
10 E .
T. I
.
-
7/25/2019 Bioiversity of Pakistan
59/111
I D 1990 2015
F
F
,
4.8% 6%
L
L
9.1% 12%
N , N, B (P: SUSG
CA, Q, P)
-
7/25/2019 Bioiversity of Pakistan
60/111
C I
C: 2010 I
2010
G 1. C , .
E C E ( 1.1).
N . H,
P
. T
. T
. T .
T
:
A C :T M A C P (MACP)
U N D P (UNDP), G P G
E F (GEF). T MACP , 1999 2006,
1999. I , PRIF (GEF PI
F) 19951998.
T MACP
P.
T
. T
,
, M
A C 2006 16, 365 231,
000 , . P US$10.35,
19992006.
:GEF/UNDP P, $ 11.792 , 7 (20052011). T P
. I ()
, (2)
.
C .T
-
7/25/2019 Bioiversity of Pakistan
61/111
. T
, ,
, , ,
. T .
T : ,
;
; , NGO, ;
. P US$ 1.23 , 20062011.
C D : T
P
. T
, SLM .
T SLM
. T
, ,
S L M (SLM). D2 (2008
2009) B USD 4.6 (UNDP: US$ 1,292,000, GEF: US$ 1,990,000)
I ( 1.2)
T . H,
. A
PA . T
:
C E R: C . T
. A GEF/UNDP
.
C J F E: IUCN P GEF
. T
.
C C P F E: C
P. T UNDP WWF, P
, . I
.
C B B B: H W F
H B B D P. T
A J K
M D N P
. S U S IUCN C A
A B B B.
G 2. C D
-
7/25/2019 Bioiversity of Pakistan
62/111
, , (
2.1)
T ,
. H,
, M, U, I
. I , C GEF MSP .
I ( 2.2)
T 23 , 11 , 13
CITES I. T 30 , 78 14 CITES II,
. T , 12
III . T
P CITES I, II, III 24 . T
P 5. I CITES I
13 II. T
. T
.
G 3. C .
C: O ;
. A
N A R C , , . T . H,
. T
,
.
C
M . O , G ( )
O R ( ) P. P
30 . S 700,000
/ . M 7000
. A
. 2006 T I O S E
A M T . E .
S , WWF E R W D
A (ERWDA) AD .
-
7/25/2019 Bioiversity of Pakistan
63/111
: T
. T G C U L, S A L U
K, U P
. R U P Q G
UNESCO JU,
. A B G
.
V I . T
" " P . T
O W B V ( ) P 95 P
. T
.
A P S
(200809) P 50
. A , C M F
. C
. T
.
(C
: WWF P)
-
7/25/2019 Bioiversity of Pakistan
64/111
G 4. C.
B ,
( 4.1).
T
. M A C P. T
. H,
. I ,
, ,
, .
T Q H
, .
, , ,
( 4.2)
T CITES I
II. H,
.
( 4.3)
P . E
. P CITES A
.
G 5. , , , .
T
. M .
T .
T
. T
, T M,
. T
,
.
T ,
. T "N P I W"
R. 66 80,000 , 20
30% , .
A 60% ' .
T P N W C P E H
E I S P R. 18 . T
3000 , 220,000 .
-
7/25/2019 Bioiversity of Pakistan
65/111
R
P. I ,
:
P N C C
1 C A/D L B & S M. 39.5402 E R P R
P W M T R
C A
532.500
3 I M P A N P,
D. A
72.710
4 R R P T P
P L C.
24.802
5 E R T I/ P
I T S S AJK
39.000
6 AJK P R P T P W
D
474.900
7 R D F A T S P D F/S F
C P GB A
125.000
8 C R I D M
S M
39.400
10 D F S R
C S AJK
14287.833
14 M S M P C
J F
1098.486
15 E P B G N
S G C U L
36.836
A 16771.007
G 7. A .
(
7.1)
A
. T
. N E (2009)
M . S
,
BG . A
.
C
F S C R D. T
G A P.
-
7/25/2019 Bioiversity of Pakistan
66/111
( 7.2)
P N C
S (NCS) P. T 1997 P E P A
, . T
(SMART)
M E M 2006. T ,
, , NGO, ,
.
U , P
E P A. I
. T
. O , ,
,
, .
K P T (KPT), K L G S W D
. KPT E P
D . A
P C P T S .
G 8. .
M
. I
. T
5.
G 9. .
T ,
, , . H,
.
E S S . M
, . S
S R
. L T J,
K K . R
. S N H N .
-
7/25/2019 Bioiversity of Pakistan
67/111
G 10. E .
T P ABS. A
. S
. T
ABS. T ,
SAARC ABS. S, ECO
ABS .
H, G ABS. M
.
E
M P ,
. B T H. A , ,
. IUCN P
1997. S 6.5
. S ( , , )
. S
. E
B. I , IUCN
.
2 . (C: IC, )
O , WWF .
F, S F W D PSDP
ADP. M J 15
2009, P W R
K B, D T S. T ME .
D 541,176 796
I D.
-
7/25/2019 Bioiversity of Pakistan
68/111
G 11. , , ,
C.
T , , .
H,
CBD.
I
G 2. P , , , ,
C (G 2)
C
( 2.1).
C
.
S C ( 2.2)
L
BAP
BAP.
I C P B
( 2.3)
T C P B. A
N B C P E P A, M
E CPB . P
, , B G MO (GMO) . T C
K, UNEP, GEF. T C
.
C C P B ( 2.4)
Pakistan has adequate capacity to implement the CPB. The least reuired setup had beenestablished for the implementation of Biosafety Regulations developed and notified in the shapeof National Biosafety Centre as a project. The centre has gotton the committees notified andencouraged the established of 30 Institutional Biosafety Committees in academic, R&Dinstitutions, Seed companies (private & international) within the short period of three and a halfyears time periods and got National Biosafety Committee's approval on the recommendations ofTechnical Advisory Committee for the fifty four (54) submitted GMOs related cases by differentapplicants. There is a need to further improve the technical and managerial capacity of thecentre to enhance the quality and quantity of the regulating, monitoring and evaluation, and alsothe risk assessment and risk management of GMOs and their products related activities.
T ( 2.5)
A S K
. T
-
7/25/2019 Bioiversity of Pakistan
69/111
. H,
.
G 3. N
C.
C C P
B ( 3.2)
T B B . H,
.
B ,
( 3.3).
B
. T
.
A F M . T
, .
T ,
C,
( 3.4)
W
BAP. W
, .
G 4. T C,
.
C, ,
C ( 4.1).
T B A P ,
. A
BAP. W ,
, , , ,
.
B , P ( 4.2).
T ,
B P.
L C
(T 4.3).
-
7/25/2019 Bioiversity of Pakistan
70/111
C
.
K , ,
C ,
(T 4.4)
T W C U (IUCN) W W F N (WWF)
P C. O
H W F, S T E
P. S, A O, A P O E . T
. C S
. P T
.
F
P GEF , , . M
. P
M A C F P A M F
GEF . G P
.
C
I C I C B
T
P. T
. T , ,
. T
. F :
C
( , NGO )
.
T ,
. T
, NGO .
T
.
H,
, . T
.
-
7/25/2019 Bioiversity of Pakistan
71/111
T , ,
. T
.
E .
T
. F , ,
.
A
I .
T
, , , . T
, . T
. F ,
. T ,
, , ,
.
F C
T 2010
, . T
. I
,
. B 2010 ,
: , NB P.
I H : T B S M
E . T B S
. T B S
. A ,
:
T B S
; I, , M E
B S, N C C W, S
D.
W ;
T
, ;
; .
-
7/25/2019 Bioiversity of Pakistan
72/111
B : M
. T . A
. T
:
C
.
B
.
S 10% ,
, .
F N P C S .
D
.
I
, .
D .
D ,
.
M D N P, A J K (P: H W F, I, P)
-
7/25/2019 Bioiversity of Pakistan
73/111
A I
I
A.
C P G P
AAIIAAFFCCAAII
F M E
N
A M Q, D I G
F, N F P CBD
M
ENERCON B, G F
S G 5/2
I, P
T ++92 51 9245585
F ++92 51 9245598
E "A M Q K" ,
CCAACCFFFFIICCEEFFAAIIAAEE((IIFFDDIIFFFFEEEEFFAABBEE))
F B D, M E I
N
R I, T O (B)
M ENERCON B, G5/2, I
T 0092 51 9245601
F 0092 51 9245600
E .
BBIIII
S
D
-
7/25/2019 Bioiversity of Pakistan
74/111
B.
T
2010 . T .
H, , :
T :
A
D (B, P, GB)
W P
D (AJK, B, P, NWFP, S)
F D
(P, B)
F D
(AJK, GB, P, B)
E
D (NWFP)
L D (
AJK
R I
(F, A, A )
P M
N H
F S
C R D, I
S
D, I
U (P, R, K, L, H, I) NGOS (CABI, IUCN, WWF)
C
T N W F P A J K
21010 . T
.
N
2010 :
P C S
P W P A
I, M C B
F B
D H L B
-
7/25/2019 Bioiversity of Pakistan
75/111
A B
M B
T
. T .
C
A I N 14, 2009. T ,
60 , , , NGO, ,
, . T
4 . A ,
, . A .
1. P 1 N R CBD (199899)
2. P 2N R CBD (2002)
3. P 3N R (2007)
4. A S P, R&D A ,
5. B A P,
6. E S P,
7. O IUCN P I
A S8. IUCN P WWF P ,
S C
9. A P D UNCCD
10.O B D
11.N, P D C S
12.P P
13.S E R (D)
14.B P: S (2008) B
D M E, G P
15.P D B
16.M T D F17.P P A S
18.P P C
19.P E P 2005
20.P S P
21.D F P 20102015
22.F B V 2030
23.C I P A
-
7/25/2019 Bioiversity of Pakistan
76/111
24.L P A
25.P S D P
I ,
.
-
7/25/2019 Bioiversity of Pakistan
77/111
C
1 I A, D. D F, L
2 D. K M, P M N
H, I
3 D. M I S P M N
H, I
4 D. A R, P P U
5 A A K, A WWF, P
6 A W, D S D,
I
7 D. A T V M E, I
8 M. T N, D M E, I
9 M. S, L I I U
10 M. K P A, D D F, H
11 M. U B D D F, I
12 M M A S D,
I
14 M. M A B S D,
I
14 R M J , D. D W, R
15 D. R M. D K, P O A H, AJK
16 D. F F, D C W, K
17 M. A A N, D N B C,
I
18 D. A A C, W B L
19 M M K, F R20 M B S, D G S C, I
21 D. A S, D H R I
U M, K
22 M. M A, C T N C
P, I
23 D. S J , F M E, I
24 M. M A B D D I P C
O, I
25 D. N A, S P A R
I, I
26 M. E A, E E B H S, I27 M. A G H, E E B H S, I
28 M. F R D M M E U, KP,
K
29 M. H S, D P F I, P
30 D. E A, D. D G WW, P
31 M. M K P M. W C S, G
32 D. G A, D WWF, P
-
7/25/2019 Bioiversity of Pakistan
78/111
33 D. M A, A P W M, A
U, R
34 M. S C C F W D, P
35 M A D. C W, W D, C
36 M S H, A R L,R.
37 D. G. R B, D , S L U, K38 M. T M K M B P A
R L
39 R A K, NRM S A B A
D, R
40 M.A K, P U K
41 D. K S, P, QA U
42 M. N I, P M M N P,
M
43 M. A J I I U,
I
44 M. R K, E E M E,
I.
45 M. N S E E M E, I
46 M. S M, F P F, R
47 M. T H C P A M
P, I
48 M. A L R, P A C I
49 M. A I, T C I
50 D. M A, C S P A R
C, I
51 D. M M M, W B P
52 M. U K, C W M E, I
53 D. M.I C, P H.E.J. R I C, U K.
54 S A. R A M E, I.
-
7/25/2019 Bioiversity of Pakistan
79/111
A II
F I
A, S. I. M. Q. 1986. A P A P P K. I
, 89B: 89101.
A, M. R P A M P. M
E IUCN P. 78 .
C HG, S SK, K GM. 1965. M P F I, P.
GNWFP IUCN P. 2007. N R M I L N P.
IUCN P, P, P. 36 .
G P 1992. F S M P. G P.
GP IUCN. 1992. T . P: GP, U A D IUCN
P.
H, S. A. 1997. B D B N H. I , .
M, S.A., C. A W S. A. H, 181204. I: P M N H.
I, R. N, M.N. B. A. W. 2008. B P: S T T. P,
B D, M E, I, P.
IUCN, 2000. P P A S R A P. IUCNP. 45.
N, E. S. I. A, . 1970. . I K: N H, PARC
D B, U K.
O , S., L, C., M, A. 1998. IUCN W L T T. W
C P.
P, J.C., . 1993. M P A S A S R. V. 4: P. I
. G, S: IUCN.
P IC, C W, H S, L R, M RA, S AM. 1992. A
, . J B 19:117134
R, T. J. 1986. . R W R I, W, D.C.
R, T. J. 1991. T B P. V. 1. O U P, UK.
S, K. M., . 1999. F
P. CLIMATE RESEARCH, V. 12: 195203, 1999, 195203.
S, R.R. 1982. A A C V P W P K. P
A R C, I, 1028 .
-
7/25/2019 Bioiversity of Pakistan
80/111
A IIIA
G C
1:A , .
A P 1947, H G C, R
. I D. R. R. S 1960,
60000 . T
P 1968. T 1970. A
A C V P W P K" D S
1972. T
.
T 217 M , 1376 4733 P,
6806 . W , .
T P D, (.) . E
, , ; , ,
, , ; , , , , ,
, , , ,
. T . M
,
.
T , ,
. E ""
2 . A , 1
. E
P, , .
T M B G .. A U
K , ,
P .
2:A , ,
.
T .
H 14 P CITES I II (C IV). T
P M N H N H N A R
C (I) ; ,
. T
G S P C P
. T
-
7/25/2019 Bioiversity of Pakistan
81/111
.
3: D .
T P. H
( ., )
F A.
4:A 10% .
T
11.21 % (9,852,006 ) 87,892,224 , P.
C C F E
T C ( ), C P H
A, P, I, 18003350 . T ,
. T . D
, . A
, . T C ,
. T . T
,
. F , WWF P
. WWF P ,
, , .
(C: WWF P)
-
7/25/2019 Bioiversity of Pakistan
82/111
5:P 50% .
T . H,
,
50% .
CCFFEE
T M B C P S J F E P, , G E F (GEF), U N D P (UNDP) . I
U C N N R (IUCN)
B F W D. P A, 2007
. P .
M
J .
T J
. T
. T : () E,
J F E , ()
J F E B,
.
-
7/25/2019 Bioiversity of Pakistan
83/111
-
7/25/2019 Bioiversity of Pakistan
84/111
-
7/25/2019 Bioiversity of Pakistan
85/111
I
I
. T
:
1. S
2. E
3. E
4. S
5. A
6. B
7. L NTFP
8. I
T ,
, , , . T ,
. T
.
P ,
,
, ,
.
T NRM
. A
,
, ,
, , , , ,
(C IUCN P)
-
7/25/2019 Bioiversity of Pakistan
86/111
-
7/25/2019 Bioiversity of Pakistan
87/111
A IIIB
A
A ( 1.1)
T P. H,
A P M 2000. T P
, , , ,
. T P
T P ,
, ,
.
S P A (PA) ., N P, W S
G R, . L PA IUCN . O 227 PA 58
IUCN 169 PA .
T .
S ()
.
T A P PA,
PA, ESA . P
, , ,
.
T ,
. T PA
1 P 1.
T 1. L P A P
C N %
P A
H %
L S
H %
N P 23 5.29 2845420 28.9
W 97 42.29 1,970,424 20.0
G 104 42.29 5,036,162 51.1 224 100 9,852,006 100
-
7/25/2019 Bioiversity of Pakistan
88/111
F. 1: A
T PA PA 1972. T
P A 1998
. C ( 10%),
. E ,
P. H, ,
PA. T ESA
2000. I ,
PA .
A ( 1.1)
N . H,
A S P, I, I
A.
I A B ( 1.2)
-
7/25/2019 Bioiversity of Pakistan
89/111
T . M
, , .
O
PA . W
PA, PA
. S
PA 24 PA
. H,
.
A ( 1.3)
A , P. H,
S A S W F P
N P, C
C A .
T C
M S (B C) . F,
. .
A ( 1.4)
P .
H, , ,
. E N P 23
. M
. I PA
. I PA . A
.
I ( 1. 5)
T PA : ,
, , , ,
, , .
S : S , , G/, NGO
.
C : ,
, . A
.
-
7/25/2019 Bioiversity of Pakistan
90/111
N ,
. T . G
.
E B ( 2.1)
T PA P . T
. E
10 N P
.
T P
. H,
.
W PA
, PA
. T 1970. T , .
I I C ( 2.2)
T
PA . T
. T
. D
,
.
T
. T
. H, .
T . H,
30
.
E , ( 3.1)
T P. T
. H, ,
.
-
7/25/2019 Bioiversity of Pakistan
91/111
T
.
T . T
. N
.
C , ( 3.2)
A . H,
N S C A
.
T
. T
. T
. H, , GIS, , . I
NTFP
. T PA
.
D ( 3.3).
A GEF P
, ,
. T
. T GEF M A C
P P A M P, P W GEF .
T
PAS.
U G I S (GIS) G P S (GPS)
, , C , ,
. M
.
O GIS B D PA. A
PA
. GIS /.
A 10 PA, ;
15 PA ( W S N P G R) P
A .
F A ( 3.4).
-
7/25/2019 Bioiversity of Pakistan
92/111
F PA
PA . A
P A M P. T ,
PA. O F,
.
T PA
. T , . M
GEF . A GEF
. S A
D B E C . A
C II.
A C E
S U S G IUCN C A (SUSG CA) GEF M S
C S H N B
. T K . T
. T
. I ,
C , ,
. N C ,
. T
PTV B. A,
.. D J, A, . T S N C N,
6 N C M. 2007, I
NWFP S C C S. A
,
. T .
(C: S U S G, C A, Q, P)
-
7/25/2019 Bioiversity of Pakistan
93/111
T PA P, PA
. H,
NGO. T I D
D A P
.
C, E ( 3.5).
A P. I
. T
, NGO,
M. I
, , , , , , .
A , , IUCN, WWF, GEF
. C
. P GW R M T S D
.
T : , ,
, PA
.
B ( 4.1)
A: C K N P (CKNP)
. T
. T CKNP
. T
.
: T P A M P
. C E C (CEC)
NGO. W V O
, CEC . CEC
. T CEC
.
G:A PA GEF , L A C (LAC)
5 . A
, LAC , ,
, NGO . T LAC
. I
-
7/25/2019 Bioiversity of Pakistan
94/111
.
A ,
.F . T
PA
.
E E ( 4.2).
T .
A A ( 4.3)
B D A
T
. T , , PA M
C .
C PA . WWF
P P P E & P C A (PPEPCA)
M E
. I (2007 2009) WWF P PA
. T :
1. M H N P.
2. K N P.3. M N P.
4. K G R.
5. A N P.
6. H N P.
7. K P A C
T A N P
G. N PA . T GIS
G C. R
C: WWF P)
-
7/25/2019 Bioiversity of Pakistan
95/111
A:S PA
M O E. H,
.
C A: I 1997, 9.01 9.852
. N P
PA. I 1997, 12 23. E
C K N P,
PA .
G :T
.
C ( 4.4).
A
. H,
. H, , ,
, , . T
. T
. H
.
(S B), N, B. (P: SUSG CAS, Q)
-
7/25/2019 Bioiversity of Pakistan
96/111
-
7/25/2019 Bioiversity of Pakistan
97/111
I P G, U.S. S D,
, N
GB P W C S (WCS) B , USA. T
B , 90
, 1903. S
3,500 7,000 ,
C A. T P 200 300 ,
.
T , 13 ,
2006; . T
, . T
P G , WWFP, IUCNP
, L , .
T B , ,
P. L ,
, . I , L
P,
P .
S P J. M, W C S, USA
-
7/25/2019 Bioiversity of Pakistan
98/111
A 1
C
C D
W M N P
M N P
W E S
E K
K
E K
H H H
K
E K
E K
W K, , H R
N B
NWFP, M H
I D
H M H
C
W H K, H,
H
W S S
W W B
W N B
W N P, NWFP, K
S B
S R, K V, S
W H, H,K
H, H,K
-
7/25/2019 Bioiversity of Pakistan
99/111
W
W T H
C
T H
W N B
W N B
W H
P F H
W L N P
-
7/25/2019 Bioiversity of Pakistan
100/111
A 2
F E (CIE A I)
C
1. K G L
2. H / C L
3. I D
4. C W D
5. F P
6. B W
7. B W
8. F W
9. H W
10. A B B
11. B B ()
12. C O
13. C L
14. L C
15. S L
16. M D
17. H D
18. S D / B
19. C M ()
20. S M ()
21. K M ()
-
7/25/2019 Bioiversity of Pakistan
101/111
22. G G
23. M S
B
C
1. I E
2. W E
3. L F
4. B F
5. P F
6. C P
7. T P
8. S C
9. G I B
10. H B
11. D P
C
1. S P T
2. I R T
3. G T
4. H T
5. O R T
6. L T
7. I S T
-
7/25/2019 Bioiversity of Pakistan
102/111
8. M C
9. G
10. I M L
11. M
12. T D M
13. I P S T
-
7/25/2019 Bioiversity of Pakistan
103/111
A 3
B E (CIE A II)
C
1. R
2. I P
3. C B W
4. P S W
5. D S W
6. L C D
7. M W
8. F K W
9. P S D
10. S D
11. I O B D
12. C B D
13. G W
14. I W ()
15. D / A W D
16. B F
17. H B B ()
18. S O
19. B B
20. C
21. J C
22. P C
-
7/25/2019 Bioiversity of Pakistan
104/111
23. S C
24. W C
25. E L
26. F C
27. W A
28. A U ()
29. P U ()
30. L U ()
B
C
1. B S
2. C S
3. L F
4. G F
5. W D
6. C D
7. O
8. S
9. G
10. E S
11. B
12. E B V
13. G E
14. G S E
15. S E
-
7/25/2019 Bioiversity of Pakistan
105/111
16. L S E
17. T E
18. W B
19. C B
20. L B
21. S E
22. M H
23. H H
24. P H
25. P H
26. M H
27. B W K
28. L / B V
29. W V
30. G V
31. H G V
32. L V
33. P F E
34. B K
35. B E
36. B E
37. B K
38. E V
39. O H B
40. R V
41. C S E
-
7/25/2019 Bioiversity of Pakistan
106/111
42. H
43. A F
44. S F
45. R F
46. M
47. S F
48. L K
49. E H
50. C K
51. D C
52. S C
53. E C
54. G B
55. L B
56. L F
57. A P
58. S P
59. B O
60. S O
61. L O
62. S O
63. L O
64. E E O
65. D E O
66. C O
67. A B O
-
7/25/2019 Bioiversity of Pakistan
107/111
68. B F O
69. S O
70. I S O
71. P S O
72. C S O
73. M S O
74. O S O
75. T O
76. M W O
77. R L
78. G A
. # C
1. I S T
2. A T
3. B R T
4. I N S T
5. I M T
6. S L
7. I C
8. I P ()
9. I S B
10. T S B
11. R S B
12. D / O R S
-
7/25/2019 Bioiversity of Pakistan
108/111
13. I C
14. C A C
-
7/25/2019 Bioiversity of Pakistan
109/111
A 4
F I (CIE A III)
C
1. L T M
2. H M
3. G J
4. I F
5. R F
6. H F ()
7. T R F ()
8. D F ()
9. P M
10. B M
11. M W
12. S W
13. H W
14. H P C
15. A P C
16. S I C
17. I G M
18. S I M
19. H / K D ()
20. B B
-
7/25/2019 Bioiversity of Pakistan
110/111
C
1. R V
2. A W S
B
C
1. N P
2. N S / S
3. C T
4. E W / W
5. G H
6. F D / W P
7. C E
8. R D / B R P
9. F T D
10. R P
11. L D
12. T D
-
7/25/2019 Bioiversity of Pakistan
111/111
A 5
F C A
C H CIE A
1. (F.) L. S:
.
H I
2. (L.) H. S:
, ,
F O.
H II
3. C. S: T F II
4. (W H. 1844) H
1935
T F II
5. D H II
6. H S II
7. L. S: , . , .
, . , . , . , .
, . , ,
.
S II
8. (F.) B. H II
9. H.. C H II
10. (L.) R.B. / C T H II