BioHarvesting: Use of Natural Forms For Photonics Richard A. Vaia Air Force Research Laboratory,...
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BioHarvesting: Use of Natural FormsFor Photonics
Richard A. VaiaAir Force Research Laboratory, Materials & Manufacturing Directorate
Funding: Bio-Inspired Concept Theme, Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) Asian Office of Aerospace Research & Development (AOARD)Air Force Research Lab/Materials & Manufacturing Dir. (AFRL/ML)Collaborative Center for Polymer Photonics (CCPP)
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Prof. Sergei Lyuksyutov Univ. Akron
Prof. Liming Dia Univ. Akron
Prof. Edwin Thomas MIT
Sam Ha MIT
Edwin Chan MIT/U. Mass
Prof. Paul Matsudaira Whitehead Institute
Jennifer Shin Whitehead Institute
Dr. Andrew Smith Natural History Museum, London, UK
Dr. Terje Dokland Inst. Molecular and Cell Biology, Singapore
Prof. Vernon Ward Univ. Otago
Jason Brunton Univ. Otago
BioHarvesting Natural FormsTeam
Shane Juhl AFRL/ML
Ryan Kramer AFRL/ML
Dr. Corey Radloff AFRL/ML
Dr. Morley Stone AFRL/ML
Dr. Rajesh Naik AFRL/ML
Dr. Joe Constantino AFRL/ML
Dr. Barry Farmer AFRL/ML
John Murry AFRL/ML
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Introduction: Photonic Band Gap Materials
Bio-TemplatingScaffolds and Top-Down Replication
Bio-ColloidsSelf, Forced & Directed Assembly
Summary
BioHarvesting Natural FormsFor Photonics
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Periodicity () +
Dielectric Contrast () +
Geometry=
forbidden frequency for wave propagation
(photonic band gap)
Photonic Band Gap Materials(PBGs)
0.3a, =12.960.7a, =1
a
Ec
Erc
EE fluct 02
2
2
22
Periodic Potential: fluct(r)
Periodic function: E(r)
S. John, Univ. Toronto Andrew Reynolds, Univ. Glasgow
(x) = 0fluct(x)
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Periodicity () +
Dielectric Contrast () +
Geometry=
forbidden frequency for wave propagation
(photonic band gap)
Photonic Band Gap Materials(PBGs)
<ls>
2r
ls
RandomPeriodic
kk
morphology
continuum
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Methods to form ordered, anisotropic structures•Microcontact printing•Block copolymer templating•Colloidal crystal processing•Lithography (nano)•Holography•TPA MicroFab•Surfactant(micelle) directed•Pattern-directed dewetting•Polyelectrolyte deposition•….
Challenge:Approaches for ‘Large Area’ PBG Fabrication
3d silicon arrays
Lin et. al., MRSSelenium, inverse FCC
Braun, et. al, Adv. Mat
WoodpileE. Ozbay; S. Noda;
S. LinMicrocircuitryJoannopoulis
• Trade-offs
• Cost-effect, rapid access to ‘complex’ structures
• ‘Defect’ engineering
• Trade-offs
• Cost-effect, rapid access to ‘complex’ structures
• ‘Defect’ engineering
Role for Natural Forms?
Bio-chemical Approaches?
Role for Natural Forms?
Bio-chemical Approaches?
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Structural Color in Nature
Interference / Iridescence
• 1D: Morpho Butterfly, Abalone Shells, Humming
Bird • 2D: Sea Mouse• 3D: Opals
Scattering
Rayleigh
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Structure and Form in Nature
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 95: 6234-6238, 1998
Chem. Mater. 9: 1731-1740, 1997
100 nmscale bar = 15 nm
Scheuring, S.; et al. Mol. Microbiol.
2002, 44(3), 675-684.
Sara, M.; et al J. Bacteriol. 2000, 182(4), 859.
Top-Down: Replication Bottom-Up: Assembly
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Introduction: Photonic Band Gap Materials
Bio-TemplatingScaffolds and Top-Down Replication
Bio-ColloidsSelf, Forced & Directed Assembly
Summary
BioHarvesting Natural FormsFor Photonics
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510
1520
2530
3540
45 0.200.25
0.300.35
0.400.45
0.500.55
0.603.0
3.2
3.4
3.6
3.8
4.0
4.2
4.4
4.6
Ref
ract
ive
inde
x co
ntra
st
frequency
(c/a)
Volume fraction (%)
10(cosx + cosy + cosz) – 5(cosx cosy + cosy cosz + cosz cosx) = t
Image from http://www.msri.org/publications/sgp/jim/geom/level/skeletal/index.html
Level Set Equation
5-6Gap Closes
3:1
2-3Gap Closes
3.75:1
Mathematician’s Cidaris CidarisSkeletal graph of the P-surface
Schwartz’s P-Surface“Plumber’s Nightmare”
Gap Map
Ha, et al.
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Various Stereom Morphologies
Smith, A.B. “The stereom microstructure of the echinoid test.” Special Papers in Palaeontology,
25, p.1 (1981).
Ha, et al.
Andrew B. SmithDepartment of Paleontology,
Natural History Museum
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Size Reduction & Infiltration Scheme
Native Structure Inverse SiO2 Structure
Ha, et al.