Biogeographical Notes on the Moss Floras of Bicol Peninsula in Luzon...

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Philippine Journal of Science142: 119-133, Special IssueISSN 0031 - 7683Date Received: ?? ???????? 2013

Virgilio C. Linis

Key Words: Biogeography, moss flora, Bicol Peninsula, Catanduanes Island, Kroeber’s % of similarity, floristic affinity, Sierra Madre Range, Cordillera Range, Palawan.

Biogeographical Notes on the Moss Floras of Bicol Peninsula in Luzon and

the Catanduanes Islands, The Philippines

Philippine National Herbarium, Botany Division, NationalMuseum, Ermita 1000, Manila, Philippines

Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Substantial moss collections have been made in Bicol peninsula and neighbouring Catanduanes Island, which form a special focus in the southeastern part of Luzon, the Philippines’ largest island. Moss diversity in the study area has now increased to 124 genera and 292 species. As expected, the moss flora has a predominant Luzon character, wherein about 34 species (11.64%) are restricted to Luzon, while about 18 species (6.16%) are new to the study area. Three species: Phyllodon lingulatus (Cardot) W. R. Buck, Aerobryopsis leptosigmata (Müll. Hal. ex Broth. & Geh.) M. Fleisch., and Calyptothecium squarrosulum Nog. & B. C. Tan are restricted to the study area, while one species, Acroporium convolutum (Bosch & Sande Lac.) M. Fleisch., previously reported for the Philippines but without a documented locality, is reported here with a locality information. Calymperes couguiense Besch., Leptotrichella sumatrana (Dixon) Ochyra, Papillidiopsis macrosticta (Broth. & Paris) W. R. Buck & B. C. Tan, Physcomitrium sphaericum (C. F. Ludw.) Fürnr., and Sematophyllum phoeniceum (Müll. Hal.) M. Fleisch. are new Philippine records.

INtRoDuCtIoN Bicol Peninsula, together with Catanduanes Island, lies in the southeastern part of Luzon Island in the Philippines between 11° 30’ and 14° 20’ N and 122° 20’ and 124° 30’ E (Fig. 1). this territory spreads over an area of about 14,900 km2 and from sea level to slightly over 2400 m in elevation. Much of the region is mountainous, dominated by volcanoes and tablelands. the main topographic features of the region are Mayon Volcano and Mt. Isarog, the summits of which are 2460 m and 1966 m above sea levels, respectively (Encyclopedia Brittanica 2010).

the region has not been spared from massive habitat destruction and forest fragmentation. Most of its low-

lying areas have already been converted to agriculture and are characterized by a mosaic of rice fields, coffee, Manila hemp and coconut plantations, pastures and areas planted with a variety of crops surrounding houses. towards moderate to high areas however, remaining forest fragments persist which include mostly old secondary lowland mixed dipterocarp forest and the lower and upper montane forests that still support remarkable biodiversity, including a rich bryophyte flora, such as mosses and hepatics. Nevertheless, given poor implementation of conservation interventions, these forest fragments in the region remain under threat.

Interestingly, the earliest known bryophyte collection from the region was a liverwort taken by Prof. C. Presl from a leaf of a tree specimen collected from the southern end of

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Figure 1. Bicol Peninsula, together with Catanduanes Island, lies in the southeastern part of Luzon Island in the Philippines between 11° 30’ and 14° 20’ N and 122° 20’ and 124° 30’ E.

the Bicol Peninsula (Sorsogon Province) which Lehman and Lindenberg described in 1833 as Jungermannia floccosa (Lehm. & Lindenb.) Schiffn. (= Cololejeunea floccosa; see tan and Engel 1986) (tan and Iwatsuki 1991). It was only at the start of 20th century during the period of American occupation that mosses were first widely collected from this peninsula. V. F. Brotherus, in two of his series of publications (1918, 1926), for instance, reported several species of mosses from Catanduanes Island and several locations in Bicol Peninsula, collected mainly by M. Ramos. Later, E. B. Bartram (1939) described about 58 species of mosses in 38 genera and 22 families occurring in the region. In 1991, tan and Iwatsuki published a new checklist of Philippine moss records increasing the number of moss taxa occurring in the region to 116 species in 54 genera and 25 families.

Stratigraphy, Geology and Climate Geologists divided Bicol Peninsula and its outlying islands into two stratigraphic groupings, namely the Ancient Southeastern Luzon Arc and Recent Southeastern Luzon Arc (PHILVoCS 1988). the ancient arc consists mainly of non-volcanic material, such as ophiolitic complexes and metamorphosed rocks which are very much varied in composition. Considered post Jurassic (BMG 1982), the age of most of the old rocks in this arc is relatively poorly known, though some authors reported the presence of metamorphosed rocks of Eocene age in the area (Geary et al. 1988; David 1994). In addition, the origin of these rocks is still the subject of controversy with regards to the mechanism of their emplacement. However, Aurelio (1996) in his review of Dewey’s 1976 ophiolite formation included the processes of accretion, obduction and jamming in collision areas as possible causes.

Linis VC: Biogeographical notes on the moss floras of Bicol Peninsula in Luzon

Philippine Journal of ScienceVol. 142: Special Issue

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the recent arc, on the other hand, includes the Bicol Volcanic Arc Complex consisting of active and inactive volcanoes and volcanic centers that are disposed along a northwest trending belt in the Bicol Peninsula (BMG 1982). these volcanoes and volcanic centers are formed from the outpouring of lavas and other volcanic ejecta that were produced as a result of partial melting of the subducting slab of the Philippine Sea Plate along the Philippine trench east of the peninsula. Volcanism in the arc could have commenced in the early Pliocene (MGB 2004) and continues to the present time.

the climate in Bicol Peninsula and adjoining islands belong to second and fourth types (Bicol Peninsula 2010). the second type, which prevails in Catanduanes Island and along the northeast, east and southern portions of Bicol Peninsula, is characterized by a very pronounced maximum rainfall (November-January) and has no dry season. the fourth type where seasons are not very pronounced is prevalent along the western side of Bicol Peninsula. this climate type is relatively dry from November to April and wet during the rest of the year. on the average, the region receives an annual rainfall of 3,013 mm with a normal average year-round temperature of 27.4°C to 29.6°C.

MEtHoDoLoGyBetween 2004 and 2010, the author carried out several expeditions to Bicol Peninsula and Catanduanes Island to update information on the region’s moss diversity. During these expeditions, a substantial number of mosses was collected from different localities (table 1) which resulted in the discovery of some species not yet reported in the region. Voucher specimens of the collections made by the author are deposited at the Philippine National Herbarium (PNH) in Manila.

Published information dealing with Philippines mosses (tan 1996, tan & Mandia 2001, Linis 2009, Linis 2004), South East Asian mosses including Philippine specimens (See Akiyama & Suleiman 2001, Arts 2001, Eddy 1988, 1990, 1996, Ellis & tan 1999, Enroth 1994, Hofmann 1998, Li 1985, tan & Jia 1999, tan and Robinson 1990, yamaguchi 1993, touw 2001), as well as the unpublished data from 2004 to 2010, were used by the author to assign each species recorded from Bicol Peninsula and Catanduanes Island to a specific distribution pattern within the Philippines (see table 2). this updated information was used to compare and analyze the floristic affinity of mosses found in the Bicol Biogeographic Region with neighbouring biogeographic regions (Merill 1947, tan 1996) in the Philippines. Kroeber’s index (% K = C (A+B) / AB x 100, where A = number of taxa in the first area, B = number of taxa in the second area, C = number of shared taxa) is used for computing the percentage of similarity between pairs of areas, both at the generic and species levels.

DISCuSSIoN

The diversity of mosses of Bicol Peninsula only a handful scattered past publications included a brief mention of mosses from the Bicol peninsula (Bartram 1939, tan & Iwatsuki 1991). Also, many of the early collections made in the peninsula came mainly from Mt. Bulusan, Mt. Mayon and Mt. Isarog. Many areas in the peninsula have received little or no bryological investigation so far. However, with new collections made in recent years, the author has been able to increase the total number of mosses known from Bicol from 116 species in 54 genera (tan & Iwatsuki 1991) to 292 species in 124 genera (See Appendix A for the updated list of Bicol Peninsula mosses).

Table 1. List of collection localities in Bicol peninsula and Catanduanes Island.

Locality No. Description

1 Mixed agricultural and grassland near Brgy. Potot, Labo, Camarines Norte; alt. 276 – 387 ft; 14°12’ N, 122° 24’ E.

2 In secondary lowland forest along slope facing east of Mt. Cadig, Brgy. tangkawayan, Quezon; alt. 685 – 1437 ft; 14°10’ N, 122° 25’ E.

3 Mixed agricultural land alongside road at Brgy. Malankaw, Bansid, Labo, Camarines Norte; alt. 537 ft.; 14°11’ N, 122° 39’ E.

4 In secondary lowland forest on slope facing west of Mt. Bacacay, Camarines Norte; alt. 750 - 1360 ft; 14°13’ N, 122° 48’ E.

5 Along edge of mangrove thicket near shoreline in Brgy. Aguit-it, Vinzon, Camarines Norte; alt. 2 m; 14°15’ N, 122° 53’ E.

6 Within mixed residual lowland forest and agricultural land in So. Kalantiaw, Brgy. tulay na Lupa, Labo, Camarines Norte; alt. 650 – 1000 ft; 14°3’ N, 122° 47’ E.

7 In mixed residual lowland forest and agricultural land near Del Gallego, Quezon; alt. 105 m; 13°54’ N, 122° 39’ E.

8 In Lowland to montane forests along north facing slope of Mt. Labo, Camarines Norte; alt. 2270 – 3720 ft; 14°1’ N, 122° 47’ E.

table 1 continues next page



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9 Alongside secondary riverine lowland forest close to a creek in Brgy. Lugui, Labo, Camarines Norte; alt. 270 – 360 ft; 14°6’ N, 122° 49’ E.

10 In secondary lowland forest northeast of Brgy. Lalawigan, Mercedes, Camarines Norte; alt. 156 m.; 13° 57’ N, 123° 3’ E.

11 Within mixed agricultural land and human settlement area near Lupi, Camarines Sur; alt. 90 m; 13° 48’ N, 122° 53’ E.

12 Scattered trees near shoreline in Pasacao, Camarines Sur; alt. 4 m; 13° 34’ N, 123° 4’ E

13 In man-made park within human settlement area of Naga City, Camarines Sur; alt. 40 ft; 13° 38’ N, 123° 15’ E.

14 on boulders along residual riverine lowland forest in Brgy. olag Pequeno, tinambac, Camarines Sur; alt. 69 m; 13° 49’ N, 123° 21’ E.

15 Mixed agricultural land in Brgy. Bataan, tamban, Camarines Sur; alt. 85 m; 13° 52’ N, 123° 23’ E.

16 open man-made park in tamban, Camarines Sur; alt. 155 m; 14°55’ N, 128° 24’ E.

17 In thickets near agricultural land in Brgy. Himagtuhan, Lagonoy, Camarines Sur; alt. 18 m; 13° 46’ N, 123° 30’ E.

18 In lowland forest to mossy forest along south-facing slope of Mt. Isarog, Camarines Sur; alt. 290 – 1982 m; 13°38’ N, 123° 23’ E.

19 In ultra-basic lowland to montane forests of Mt. Potianay, Saddleback Mountain Range, Camarines Sur; alt. 128 – 500 m; 13°47’ N, 123° 29’ E.

20 In scattered trees along shoreline of Brgy. Sabang, San Jose, Camarines Sur; alt. 5 m; 13° 13’ N, 123° 35’ E.

21 Residual beach forest to secondary lowland forest near Presentacion, Camarines Sur; alt. 30 – 250 m; 13° 43’ N, 123° 42’ E.

22 Within secondary karst lowland forest near Caramon, Camarines Sur; alt. 110 – 170 m; 13° 49’ N, 123° 49’ E.

23 Residual lowland forest alongside road to Guijalo, Camarines Sur; alt. 120 m; 13°45’ N, 123° 52’ E.

24 Secondary lowland forest on south-facing slope of Mt. Iriga, Camarines Sur; 240 m; 13° 27’ N, 123° 29’ E.

25 on rocks and trees along shoreline of Lake Buhi, Camarines Sur; 90 m; 13° 26’ N, 123° 31’ E.

26 Residual karst forests and mixed agricultural land near Balatan, Camarines Sur; 18 – 111 m; 13° 17’ N, 123° 14’ E.

27 In secondary lowland forest along eastern slope of Mt. Malinao near tiwi, Albay; alt. 22 m; 13° 28’ N, 123° 39’ E.

28 In mixed agricultural, secondary lowland and montane forests of Mt. Masaraga, Ligao, Albay; alt. 411 m; 13°17’ N, 123° 35’ E.

29 In mixed agricultural land and grassland area near talisay, Duran, Albay; alt. 250 m; 13°7’ N, 123° 22’ E.

30 Secondary montane forests along north-facing slope of Mayon Volcano; alt. 359 – 1372 m; 13°17’ N, 123° 40’ E.

31 tree-lined park within Bicol State university, Daraga, Albay; alt. 28 m; 13° 9’ N, 123° 43’ E.

32 In agricultural land near human settlement of Brgy. Santa Fe, Pilar, Sorsogon; alt. 10 m; 12° 55’ N, 123° 37’ E.

33 on limestones and trees of residual karst lowland forest in Brgy. Abas, Pilar, Sorsogon; alt. 27 m; 12° 37’ N, 123° 40’ E.

34 open agricultural area with scattered trees in Brgy. San Vicente, Magallanes, Sorsogon; alt. 350 ft; 12° 58’ N, 123° 49’ E.

35 In secondary montane forest of Mt. tanawon, Brgy. Rizal, Sorsogon; alt. 672 m; 13° 1’ N, 120° 35’ E.

36 Within secondary lowland to montane forests of Bulusan Volcano, Sorsogon; alt. 539 – 1220 m; 12 ° 42’ N, 124° 2’ E.

37 Mixed agricultural land in Bulan, Sorsogon; alt. 7 m; 12°40’ N, 123° 53’ E.

38 In secondary lowland forest surrounding Bulusan Lake in Brgy. San Roque, Bulusan, Sorsogon; alt. 183 – 300 m; 12° 44’ N, 124° 5’ E.

39 on rock cliff along residual beach forest near Bulusan town, Sorsogon; alt. 3 m; 12° 47’ N, 124° 7’ E.

40 Secondary lowland forest in Brgy. tagas, Matnog, Sorsogon; alt. 72 m; 12° 42’ N, 124° 2’ E.

41 on old walls alongside road in Matnog, Sorsogon; alt. 2 m; 13° 35’ N, 124° 5’ E.

42 In planted trees near church, Viga, Catanduanes; alt. 11 m; 13° 34’ N, 124° 13’ E.

43 Secondary lowland forest near Brgy. Bislig, San Andres, Catanduanes; alt. 245 m; 13° 39’ N, 124° 5’ E.

44 In mixed agricultural land near Brgy. obo, San Miguel, Catanduanes; alt. 7 m; 13° 40’ N, 124° 19’ E.

45 In secondary lowland forest of Mt. Buntahya, San Miguel, Catanduanes; alt. 183 m; 13°41’ N, 124° 20’ E.

46 Secondary lowland forests adjacent to a waterfall in Mt. Summit, Viga, Catanduanes; alt. 311 m; 13° 47’ N, 124° 20’ E.

47 In mixed agricultural land near Brgy. tambognan, Viga, Catanduanes; alt. 3 – 107 m; 13° 54’ N, 124° 22’ E.

48 on trees and rocks in woody thickets along shoreline near Brgy. teresa, Bagamanoc, Catanduanes; alt. 2 – 9 m; 13° 57’ N, 124° 17’ E.



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From these new collections, five species, Calymperes couguiense Besch., Leptotrichella sumatrana (Dixon) ochyra, Papillidiopsis macrosticta (Broth. & Paris) W. R. Buck & B. C. tan, Physcomitrium sphaericum (C. F. Ludw.) Fürnr., and Sematophyllum phoeniceum (Müll. Hal.) M. Fleisch., prove to be new records for the Philippine moss flora. In addition, one species, Acroporium convolutum (Bosch & Sande Lac.) M. Fleisch., previously reported for the Philippines without specific locality in the literature, is reported here for the first time with a voucher specimen.

Also worth mentioning are the 176 new records for the peninsula. Among these new records are Acroporium rufum (Reinw. & Hornsch.) M. Fleisch., Aequatoriella bifaria (Bosch & Sande Lac.) touw, Brachymenium exile (Dozy & Molk.) Bosch & Lac., Daltonia angustifolia Dozy & Molk., Daltonia armata E. B. Bartram, Herpetineuron toccoae (Sull. & Lesq.) Card., Macromitrium longicaule C. Müll. Microcampylopus khasianus (Griffiths) Giese & J.-P. Frahm, Pilotrichopsis dentata (Mitt.) Besch., Pinnatella foureana thér. & P. de la Varde, Rhodobryum giganteum (Schwaegr.) Par., Symphysodontella attenuatula Fleisch. and Touwia negrosense (E. B. Bartram) S. olsson, Enroth & D. Quandt. Earlier records of these taxa in the country have been from some other areas in Luzon, some islands in the Visayas and Mindanao. therefore, their findings in Bicol Peninsula have extended their ranges within the country.

Relatively speaking, the diversity of mosses is greater towards the eastern coasts of Bicol Peninsula. one possible explanation for this difference is that the dense evergreen forests found along the east coasts are generally wetter compared to the mainly dry, semi-deciduous forests that thrive over karst limestones facing the west. Interestingly, the local forests on basic to ultrabasic substrates in Saddleback Mountain Range near Caramoan found on the east side of the peninsula, especially on elevations above 500 msl, harbor some uncommon moss taxa, such as Myurium pseudorufescens (Hampe) Maschke, which the author did not find in other areas of the peninsula. the author also noted that three Philippine moss taxa, namely: Phyllodon lingulatus (Cardot) W. R. Buck, Aerobryopsis leptosigmata (Müll. Hal. ex Broth. & Geh.) M.Fleisch., and Calyptothecium squarrosulum Nog. & B.C. tan are restricted to Bicol peninsula. Finally, the moss taxa in Bicol peninsula are most numerous at mid-elevations at the transition zones between lower and upper montane forests. At lower elevations, moss diversity is greater in riverine forests compared to inland forests.

The diversity of mosses of Catanduanes Island Mosses of Catanduanes Island, compared to Bicol Peninsula, are less known (Bartram 1939, tan &

Iwatsuki 1991). until recently, the island has only scanty moss collections, in spite of the fact that majority of its forests are disappearing at present, and has become a fertile hunting ground for ornamental plants and mineral explorations.

From the new collections, the author has increased the total number of mosses known from Catanduanes Island from 47 species in 36 genera (tan & Iwatsuki 1991) to 107 species in 68 genera (See Appendix B for updated list of Catanduanes Island mosses). Noteworthy to mention are 80 moss species representing new records for the islands, such as Caduciella mariei (Besch.) Enroth, Calymperes lonchophyllum Schwaegr., Macromitrium fasciculare Mitt., Pogonatum philippinense (Broth.) touw, Syrrhopodon croceus Mitt. and Taiwanobryum mucronatum (Bosch & Sande Lac.) S. olsson, Enroth & D. Quandt. the finding of C. mariei is interesting as this represent significant extensions of their range considering that this species is known until today, from two localities, Mt. Makiling in Luzon and Palawan Island.

In brief, the moss diversity in Catanduanes Island is highest along its forested slope above 500 msl. Below this elevation the number of moss species decreases quickly resulting from deforestation and development of cultivated areas.

Floristic affinity of Bicol moss flora updated information about the richness of moss taxa found in various biogeographic regions in the Philippines under comparison is shown in table 2. In counting of the number of moss taxa per region, the author adopted a conservative approach in accepting moss species, so as not to exaggerate the resulting floristic affinity.

the present biogeographic regions under comparison follow the system proposed by Merrill (1947). therefore, certain recently proposed biogeographic regions, such

Table 2. updated summary of moss taxa reported from various biogeographic regions of Luzon Islands including Mindoro and Palawan Islands.

Biogeographic Region Genera Species

Ilocos Region 57 83

Cordillera Region 190 421

Central Luzon Region 103 186

Sierra Madre Region 97 190

Zambales 128 265

Southern Luzon Region 135 304

Bicol Region 124 292

Mindoro 132 282

Palawan 98 214



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as Greater Luzon Biogeographic Region resulting in the lumping of several distinct phytogeographical areas (ong, Afuang & Rosell-Ambal 2002), was not adopted in this paper.

the size of the moss flora of Bicol Region with 292 species in 124 genera is comparable to that of Southern Luzon with 304 species in 135 genera, Mindoro with 282 species in 132 genera and Zambales with 265 species in 128 genera (table 2). Being an upland with humid climate, Cordillera Region remained the most bryologically rich among the biogeographic regions under comparison with 421 species in 190 genera, while Palawan with 214 species in 98 genera came sixth. the poorly studied Sierra Madre Region has 190 species in 97 genera, which is closely followed by Central Luzon, after its Mt. Arayat had been surveyed (Linis & tan 2013, in preparation). the Central Luzon Region now has 186 species in 103 genera. Ilocos Region, the least known region, as far as mosses are concerned, has only 83 species in 57 genera. As shown, there is urgency for more plant collections in Sierra Madre Region and Ilocos Region.

the number of shared and unshared taxa found in Bicol and its neighbouring regions in the country, both at the generic and species levels, is shown in table 3. under the column of unshared moss taxa, the numerator indicates the number of taxa present in the area under comparison, while the denominator indicates the taxa present in Bicol. the author used Kroeber’s % of similarity formula for computing the required value of similarity in percentage.

Table 3. Summary of shared and unshared taxa, both at the generic and species levels, found in Bicol and neighbouring areas.

Ilocos Region

57 genera83 species

Cordillera

190 genera421 species

Central Luzon103 genera186 species

Zambales


Southern Luzon135 genera304 species

Sierra Madre


Mindoro


Palawan


Shared un-shared

shared un-shared

shared un-shared

shared un-shared

shared un-shared

shared un-shared

shared un-shared

Shared unshared

Bicol Region

124 genera

Kroeber’s % of similarity

49

62.74

8/ 75 105

69.97

85/ 19 83

73.76

20/ 41 103

81.77

25/ 21 97

75.04

38/ 27 85

78.09

12/ 39 101

78.98

31/ 23 85

77.64

13/ 39

292 species


68

52.61

15/ 224

180

52.20

241/ 112

128

56.33

58/ 164 188

67.66

77/ 104

189

63.45

115/ 103

140

60.81

50/ 152

191

66.57

91/ 101

149

60.33

65/ 143

Kroeber’s % of similarity = C (A+B) / AB x 100A = the number of taxa present in the first area under comparisonB = the number of taxa present in the second area under comparisonC = the number of common taxa in both A and B areas

table 3 shows that the moss flora of Bicol Region is most closely related to that of Zambales (67.66%) and Mindoro (66.57%) than to Southern Luzon Region (63.45%) and Sierra Madre Region (60.81%), at the species levels, despite the closer geographic distances of the latter two regions to the Bicol Region. Perhaps an explanation for this unlikely floristic similarity is that both Zambales and Mindoro has been better bryologically investigated in recent years which resulted in the increase of the number of their shared moss taxa (Linis & tan 2013, in preparation, Linis 2009). this will likely to change, however, when the moss floras of both Southern Luzon Region and Sierra Madre Region are thoroughly explored.

the above reason may explain also the relatively high floristic similarity of Palawan moss flora to that of Bicol (60.33%). unique to Palawan are handful of xeric or drought-resistant moss taxa not found in Luzon or anywhere else in the Philippine archipelago. Examples of these taxa are Clastrobryum asperrimum (Dix.) B.C. tan and Horikawaea redfearnii B. C. tan & P.-J. Lin.

on the other hand, Central Luzon Region harbours a moderately rich lowland moss flora when compared to Bicol Region. Most of the moss taxa found in Bicol but not reported in Central Luzon are those found in areas above 1500 masl.

Cordillera, the best bryologically known region in Luzon, has a high number of unshared moss taxa with that of the Bicol Region. these taxa are mainly the high altitude species found well above 2500 masl belonging to the



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widespread continental Asiatic and Himalayan genera, like Ceratodon, Grimmia, Isothecium, Dendrocyathophorum, Racomitrium, Leiomela, Fabronia, Merrilliobryum, Atrichum and Oligotrichum. these are also the handful of genera and species of mosses from the North temperate Zone that have successfully invaded the northern Philippine mountains but failed to reach the Bicol Region and the rest of the archipelago further to the south.

Coming least in terms of Kroeber’s % of similarity with the moss flora of the Bicol Region is Ilocos Region. the region appears to be the most dissimilar in its moss diversity and affinity in relation to the moss flora of Bicol. However, since a large part of the Ilocos Region are under-explored bryologically, the overall picture of its floristic similarity with the Bicol Region remains inconclusive at present.

Floristic affinity of Catanduanes moss flora In terms of geographical distance, Catanduanes is closest to Luzon than the rest of the larger islands of the archipelago. therefore, it is of phytogeographical interest to compare the moss floras of Catanduanes with Luzon together with other neighbouring islands in Philippines and test if dissimilarities in geographical distances play a role in terms of relations with floristic affinities.

the updated moss flora of Catanduanes with 107 species in 68 genera is shown in Appendix B. In table 4, Catanduanes moss flora is compared with the moss floras of three most bryologically known Philippine islands: Luzon, Mindoro and Palawan. Catanduanes is found to be most related to Luzon with 100% of its moss taxa being shared with this large island. Mindoro is second, while Palawan came least in species similarity in relation to the known moss flora of Catanduanes.

Generally speaking, the shared moss taxa among the four island groups under comparison are the widespread mosses found across the lowland rainforests in the country. Since most of the upland areas in Catanduanes are below 800 msl in altitude, it is not surprising that most unshared moss taxa of the flora of Catanduanes with that of Luzon,

Table 4. Summary of shared and unshared moss taxa at species levels, found in Catanduanes, Luzon, Mindoro and Palawan. Kroeber’s % of similarity is used for computing the required similarity in percent.

Luzon634 species

Mindoro283 species

Palawan213 species

Shared unshared Shared unshared shared unshared

Catanduanes

107 species


107

58.44

527/ 0 91

58.60

192/ 16 76

53.35

137/ 31

Mindoro and Palawan, for instance, are the species found in habitats above 1000 msl. other unshared moss taxa with that of the Catanduanes flora are the specialist species, such as those confined to the basic and ultra-basic forests in northern Zambales Range of Luzon Island, and the xeric moss taxa adapted to the semi-dry and seasonally deciduous type of rainforests in Palawan.

CoNCLuSIoNBased on the information presented, the Bicol moss flora demonstrates a close affinity to that of Zambales and Mindoro. Nevertheless, this floristic picture is unlikely to be true and it will change as more areas in Southern Luzon Region and Sierra Madre Region are thoroughly explored. Future exploration to poor bryologically investigated areas such as the Ilocos Region will also influence this overall picture.

ACKNoWLEDGEMENtSthe author is most grateful to the National Museum of the Philippines for the financial assistance granted during his bryological expeditions conducted in the Bicol Region and the Catanduanes Island. Secondly, the author would like to thank the Biology Department of the university of the Philippines-Manila for lending their laboratories and equipment. Lastly, the author wishes to thank Dr. Benito C. tan at the National university of Singapore for confirming the identifications of some difficult specimens as well as for reading and editing the draft manuscript.

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Luzon, Philippines. Geology 16: 341-344.

HoFMANN H. 1998. A monograph of the genus Homalothecium (Brachytheciaceae, Musci). Linbergia 23: 119-159.

LI Z-H. 1985. A revision of the Chinese species of Fissidens (Musci, Fissidentaceae). Acta Botanica Fennica 129: 1-65.

LINIS VC. 2004 A checklist of mosses in Mt. Arayat, Pampanga. Journal of tropical Biology 3: 2-6.

LINIS VC. 2006. A review of Intra-Philippine distribution patterns of Philippine mosses based on recent evidence of tectonic evolution of the archipelago: insights and problems. Banwa 3(1 & 2): 31-64.

LINIS VC. 2009. Biogeography of Mindoro Mosses. Blumea 54: 290-296.

LINIS VC, tan BC. 2013. the biodiversity and biogeography of mosses of Zambales Mountain Range and Mt. Arayat, Luzon Island, Philippines (in preparation).

LINIS VC, tan BC. 2010. Eleven new records of Philippine mosses. Acta Bryolichenologica Asiatica 3: 95-100.

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tAN BC, MANDIA EH. 2001. New and noteworthy records of mosses from Mindoro, Philippines, and their biogeographical implication. Gardens Bulletin Singapore 53: 315–322.

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APPENDIx A

Checklist of Bicol peninsula mosses and their distribu-tion in the Philippines. * Additional new records for the peninsula; ** New Philippine record (Voucher specimens of these new records are deposited in the Philippine National Herbarium).

Acanthorrhynchium papillatum (Harv.) M. Fleisch. - widespreadAcroporium aciphyllum Dixon - LuzonAcroporium convolutum (Sande Lac.) M. Fleisch. – Northern Luzon (Cordilleran)Acroporium diminutum (Brid.) M. Fleisch. - widespread Acroporium hermaphroditum (Müll. Hal.) M. Fleisch. – Luzon, Mindoro & MindanaoAcroporium lamprophyllum Mitt. – Luzon, Mindoro & some islands in the Visayas*Acroporium rufum (Reinw. & Hornsch.) M. Fleisch. - widespreadAcroporium secundum (Reinw. & Hornsch.) M. Fleisch. - Luzon, Mindoro, Palawan & Western

MindanaoAcroporium sigmatodontium (Müll. Hal.) M. Fleisch. - Luzon, Mindoro & PanayAcroporium stramineum (Reinw. & Hornsch.) M. Fleisch. - widespreadAcroporium strepsiphyllum (Mont.) B. C. tan var. strepsiphyllum – Luzon, Mindoro & Mindanao*Aequatoriella bifaria (Bosch. & Sande Lac.) touw – Luzon, Mindoro & some islands in the Visayas*Aerobryidium filamentosum (Hook.) M. Fleisch. – Luzon, Mindoro & MindanaoAerobryopsis crispifolia (Broth. & Geh.) M. Menzel - Luzon, Mindoro & PalawanAerobryopsis leptosigmata (Müll. Hal. ex Broth. &

Geh.) M. Fleisch. - Luzon (Bicol) Aerobryopsis subdivergens subsp. scariosa (E. B. Bar-tram) Nog. – Luzon, Mindoro & Mindanao Aerobryopsis wallichii (Brid.) M. Fleisch. - widespread*Arthrocormus schimperi (Dozy & Molk.) Dozy & Molk. – Luzon, Mindoro & Mindanao*Barbella flagellifera (Cardot) Nog. - Luzon*Barbula arcuata Müll. Hal. - Luzon*Barbula consanguinea (thwaites & Mitt.) A. Jaeger - Luzon & MindoroBarbula indica (Hook.) Spreng. - widespreadBarbula javanica Dozy & Molk. - Luzon & MindanaoBarbula pseudoehrenbergii M. Fleisch. -*Brachymenium exile (Dozy & Molk.) Bosch & Sande Lac. - Luzon & some islands in the VisayasBrachymenium nepalense Hook. - widespread *Brachythecium buchananii (Hook.) A. Jaeger – Luzon & MindoroBraunfelsia dicranoides (Dozy & Molk.) Broth.- Lu-zon, Mindoro & Mindanao*Braunfelsia enervis (Dozy & Molk.) Paris – Luzon*Breutelia arundinifolia (Duby) M. Fleisch. – Luzon, Mindoro & MindanaoBryum apiculatum Schwaegr. – Luzon, Mindoro & Mindanao*Bryum capillare Hedw. - Luzon, Mindoro & Palawan*Bryum cellulare Hook. - Luzon & some islands in the Visayas*Bryum clavatum (Schimp.) Müll. Hal. - Luzon & MindoroBryum coronatum Schwaegr. - widespreadCallicostella papillata (Mont.) Mitt. - widespreadCallicostella prabaktiana (Müll. Hal.) Bosch & Sande Lac. - Luzon & Mindanao*Calymperes afzelii Sw. – Luzon & Palawan*Calymperes boulayi Besch. – Luzon, Mindoro & Mindanao**Calymperes cougiense Besch. – new Philippine record *Calymperes fasciculatum Dozy & Molk. – Luzon & some islands in the VisayasCalymperes graeffeanum Müll. Hal. - widespread*Calymperes lonchophyllum Schwaegr. - Luzon & Palawan*Calymperes mollucense Schwaegr. - Luzon, Mindoro, Palawan & Western Mindanao*Calymperes motleyi Mitt. - Palawan & Sulu archi-pelago *Calymperes porrectum Mitt. - Mindoro & Mindanao*Calymperes schmidtii Broth. - Palawan & Sulu archi-pelago Calymperes tahitense (Sull.) Mitt. - widespreadCalymperes tenerum Müll. Hal. - widespreadCalyptothecium squarrosulum Nog. & B. C. tan - Lu-zon (Bicol)



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Calyptothecium urvilleanum (Müll. Hal.) Broth. - wide-spread*Calyptrochaeta remotifolia (Müll. Hal.) Z. Iwats., B. C. tan & touw – Luzon, Mindoro & MindanaoCampylopodium medium (Duby) Giese & J. -P. Frahm - Luzon & Mindoro*Campylopus aureus Bosch & Sande Lac. - LuzonCampylopus comosus (Schwaegr.) Bosch & Sande Lac. – Luzon, Mindoro & Mindanao *Campylopus exasperatus (Nees & Blume) Brid. – Lu-zon, Mindoro & some islands in the Visayas*Campylopus laxitextus Sande Lac. – Luzon, Mindoro & some islands in the VisayasCampylopus umbellatus (Schwaegr. & Gaudich. ex Arn.) Paris - widespread*Chaetomitrium orthorrhynchum (Dozy & Molk.) Bosch & Sande Lac. – Luzon, Mindoro, Palawan

& Western Mindanao*Chaetomitrium papillifolium Bosch. & Sande Lac.- Luzon, Mindoro & Mindanao*Chaetomitrium perarmatum Broth. - Luzon*Chaetomitrium weberi Broth. - Western Mindanao & Sulu archipelago*Chameleion peguense (Besch.) L. t. Ellis & A. Eddy - Luzon*Chionoloma angustata (Mitt.) M. Menzel – Luzon, Mindoro & Mindanao *Chrysocladium flammeum (Mitt.) M. Fleisch. - North-ern Luzon (Cordilleran)*Circulifolium exiguum (Bosch & Sande Lac.) S. ols-son, Enroth & D. Quandt – Luzon, Mindoro &

MindanaoCladopodanthus muticus Broth. - Luzon & Mindanao*Cladopodanthus speciosus (Dozy & Molk.) M. Fleisch. - Luzon & some islands in the VisayasClaopodium prionophyllum (Müll. Hal.) Broth. - wide-spread*Clastrobryophilum bogoricum (Besch. & Sande Lac.) M. Fleisch. - Luzon, Mindoro & Palawan*Clastrobryum caudatum M. Fleisch. - Luzon & Mind-oro *Clastrobryum epiphyllum (Renauld & Cardot) B.C. tan & touw - Luzon & Palawan *Clastrobryum indicum (Dozy & Molk.) Dozy & Molk. - Luzon*Cryptopapillaria fuscescens (Hook.) M. Menzel – Lu-zon, Mindoro & Mindanao*Ctenidium luzonense Broth. - Luzon & MindanaoCyclodictyon blumeanum (Müll. Hal.) Kuntze - wide-spread *Daltonia angustifolia Dozy & Molk. – Luzon, Mind-oro & Mindanao*Daltonia armata E. B. Bartram - Mindoro & Mindanao*Dicranella coarctata (Müll. Hal.) Bosch & Sande Lac.

- Luzon & some islands in the Visayas Dicranoloma assimile (Hampe) Paris – Luzon, Mindoro & MindanaoDicranoloma blumii (Nees) Paris - widespread*Dicranoloma braunii (Müll. Hal.) Paris - widespread Dicranoloma brevisetum (Dozy & Molk.) Paris – Lu-zon, Mindoro & MindanaoDicranoloma reflexum (Müll. Hal.) Renauld - Luzon & some islands in the Visayas*Diphyscium longifolium Griff. - Luzon & some islands in the Visayas Distichophyllum cuspidatum (Dozy & Molk.) Dozy & Molk. – Luzon, Mindoro & MindanaoDistichophyllum mittenii Bosch & Sande Lac. – Luzon, Mindoro & Mindanao *Distichophyllum nigricaule var. cirratum (Renauld & Cardot) M. Fleisch. - Luzon, Mindoro,

Palawan & Western Mindanao*Distichophyllum osterwaldii M. Fleisch. – Luzon, Mindoro & some islands in the Visayas*Distichophyllum subnigricaule Broth.- Luzon & MindanaoEctropotheciella distichophylla (Hampe ex Dozy & Molk.) M. Fleisch. - widespread Ectropothecium buitenzorgii (Bél.) Mitt. - wide-spread Ectropothecium dealbatum (Reinw. & Hornsch.) A. Jaeger - widespreadEctropothecium elegant-pinnatum (Müll. Hal.) A. Jae-ger - Luzon, Mindoro, Palawan & Western

Mindanao *Ectropothecium falciforme (Dozy & Molk.) A. Jaeger – Luzon, Mindoro & Mindanao*Ectropothecium ferrugineum (Müll. Hal.) A. Jaeger - Luzon, Mindoro, Palawan & Western

Mindanao Ectropothecium ichnotocladum (Müll. Hal.) A. Jaeger - Luzon *Ectropothecium luzoniae (Müll. Hal.) A. Jaeger – Lu-zon, Mindoro & some islands in the VisayasEctropothecium monumentorum (Duby) A. Jaeger - widespread*Ectropothecium perminutum Broth. ex E. B. Bartram - Luzon & Mindoro*Ectropothecium zollingeri (Müll. Hal.) A. Jaeger - Luzon & Palawan*Enthostodon buseanus Dozy & Molk. - LuzonEntodon plicatus Müll. Hal. - widespread *Entodon rubicundus (Mitt.) A. Jaeger - Luzon & Mindoro*Entodontopsis anceps (Bosch. & Sande Lac.) W. R. Buck & Ireland - Luzon & MindoroErythrodontium julaceum (Hook. ex Schwaegr.) Paris - widespread*Eurhynchium vagans (A. Jaeger) E. B. Bartram – Lu-



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zon, Mindoro and some islands in the VisayasExostratum blumei (Nees ex Hampe) L. t. Ellis - Luzon & Mindanao *Fissidens areolatus Griff. – Northern Luzon (Cordil-leran)*Fissidens braunii (Müll. Hal.) Dozy & Molk. – Luzon & Mindanao*Fissidens crassinervis Sande Lac. - Luzon & PalawanFissidens crenulatus Mitt. var. elmeri (Broth.) Z. Iwats. & tad. Suzuki - widespreadFissidens crispulus Brid. - widespread*Fissidens geminiflorus Dozy & Molk. - Luzon & Mindoro*Fissidens hollianus Dozy & Molk. - Luzon & Palawan*Fissidens maceratus Mitt. - Luzon & PalawanFissidens nobilis Griff. - widespread*Fissidens zollingeri Mont. - Luzon, Mindoro & Pala-wanFloribundaria floribunda (Dozy & Molk.) M. Fleisch. - widespreadFunaria hygrometrica Hedw. - widespread*Garckea flexuosa (Griff.) Margad. & Nork. - Luzon, Mindoro & Palawan*Garovaglia angustifolia Mitt. var. bogoriensis f. bo-goriensis (M. Fleisch.) During – Luzon, Mindoro

& MindanaoGarovaglia elegans (Dozy & Molk.) Hampe ex Bosch & Sande Lac. - widespread*Garovaglia plicata (Brid.) Bosch & Sande Lac. - Lu-zon & Mindanao*Glyphomitrium nymanianum M. Fleisch. - Luzon & Mindoro*Groutiella tomentosa (Hornsch.) Wijk & Margad. – Luzon, Mindoro & some islands in the Visayas*Herpetineuron toccoae (Sull. & Lesq.) Cardot. - Lu-zon & Mindoro*Heterophyllium affine (Hook.) M. Fleisch. - Northern Luzon (Cordilleran)Homaliodendron flabellatum (Sm.) M. Fleisch. - wide-spread*Homalothecium laevisetum Sande Lac. – Luzon, Min-doro & some islands in the Visayas *Hookeria acutifolia Hook. & Grev. - Luzon & Mind-anaoHyophila involuta (Hook.) A. Jaeger - widespreadHypnodendron dendroides (Brid.) touw - widespreadHypnodendron fuscomucronatum (Müll. Hal.) A. Jaeger & Sauerb. - widespread Hypnodendron milnei Mitt. ssp. korthalsii (Bosch & Sande Lac. ex Paris) touw - Luzon, Mindoro,

Palawan & Western MindanaoHypnodendron reinwardtii (Schwaegr.) Lindb. ex A. Jaeger & Sauerb. ssp. caducifolium (Herzog)

touw - widespreadHypnodendron subspininervium (Müll. Hal.) A. Jaeger

ssp. arborescens (Mitt.) touw – Luzon,Mindoro & Mindanao

*Hypnodendron vitiense Mitt. - Luzon & MindanaoIsopterygium albescens (Hook.) A. Jaeger – Luzon, Mindoro & some islands in the Visayas*Isopterygium bancanum (Sande Lac.) A. Jaeger - widespread*Isopterygium minutirameum (Müll. Hal.) A. Jaeger - Luzon, Mindoro & Palawan *Leptotrichella brasiliensis (Duby) ochyra – Luzon, Mindoro*Leptotrichella miqueliana (Mont.) Lindb. ex Broth. - Luzon & Mindoro *Leucobryum aduncum Dozy & Molk. - Luzon, Mind-oro & PalawanLeucobryum bowringii Mitt. – Luzon, Mindoro & some islands in the Visayas*Leucobryum chlorophyllosum Müll. Hal. – Mindoro & some islands in the Visayas Leucobryum javense (Brid.) Mitt. – widespread Leucobryum juniperoideum (Brid.) Müll. Hal. – Luzon, Mindoro & MindanaoLeucobryum sanctum (Nees & Schwaegr.) Hampe - widespreadLeucobryum sericeum Broth. ex Geh. – Luzon & some islands in the Visayas *Leucoloma molle (Müll. Hal.) Mitt. – Luzon, Mindoro & Mindanao *Leucoloma perviride Broth. - Luzon, Mindoro & Palawan*Leucophanes angustifolium Renauld & Cardot – Lu-zon, Mindoro & MindanaoLeucophanes candidum (Schwaegr.) Lindb. - wide-spread*Leucophanes glaucum (Schwaegr.) Mitt. – Luzon, Mindoro & Mindanao*Leucophanes octoblepharioides Brid. – Luzon, Mind-oro & Mindanao*Lopidium struthiopteris (Brid.) M. Fleisch. - wide-spreadMacromitrium angustifolium Dozy & Molk. - Luzon & MindoroMacromitrium benguetense R. S. Williams - Luzon*Macromitrium blumei Nees ex Schwaegr. – Luzon, Mindoro & Mindanao Macromitrium cuspidatum Hampe – Luzon, Mindoro & some islands in the Visayas*Macromitrium falcatulum Müll. Hal. - Luzon, Mind-oro, Palawan & Western Mindanao *Macromitrium fasciculare Mitt. - Luzon & MindoroMacromitrium foxworthyi Broth. - Luzon, Mindoro, Palawan & Western Mindanao*Macromitrium longicaule Müll. Hal. - Luzon & Min-danao *Macromitirum microstomum (Hook. & Grev.) Schwae-



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gr. - Mindoro Macromitrium orthostichum Nees ex Schwaegr. - Lu-zon, Mindoro, Palawan & Western MindanaoMacromitrium salakanum Müll. Hal. - Luzon, Mindoro, Palawan & Western Mindanao Macromitrium semipellucidum Dozy & Molk. - Luzon & Mindanao*Macromitrium subtile Schwaegr. - Luzon, Mindoro, Palawan & Western Mindanao*Macrothamnium macrocarpum (Reinw. & Hornsch.) M. Fleisch. – Luzon, Mindoro & some islands

in the Visayas*Meiothecium attenuatum Broth. - Luzon, Mindoro, Palawan & Western Mindanao*Meiothecium bogoriense M. Fleisch. - Mindanao*Meiothecium hamatum (Müll. Hal.) Broth. – Luzon, Mindoro & some islands in the Visayas*Meiothecium microcarpum (Harv.) Mitt. - Luzon, Mindoro, Palawan & Western MindanaoMeteorium crispifolium Herzog - Luzon & MindanaoMeteorium polytrichum Dozy & Molk. - widespread *Meteorium subpolytrichum (Besch.) Broth. - Luzon, Mindoro & Palawan *Microcampylopus khasianus (Griffiths) Giese & J.-P. Frahm - Northern Luzon (Cordilleran)

**Microdus sumatranus (Dixon) A. Eddy - new Philip-pine record*Mitthyridium constrictum (Sull.) H. Rob. - Luzon & Mindanao*Mitthyridium fasciculatum (Hook. & Grev.) H. Rob. - widespread *Mitthyridium flavum ( Müll.Hal.) H. Rob. - widespread*Mitthyridium jungquilianum (Mitt.) H. Rob. - Mind-oro *Mitthyridium papuanum (Broth.) H. Rob. - Luzon*Mitthyridium subluteum ((Müll. Hal.) H. K. Nowak - Endemic to one island only (Sibuyan)*Mitthyridium undulatum (Broth. & Geh.) H. Rob. – insufficient data*Mitthyridium wallisii (Müll.Hal.) H. Rob. - wide-spread*Mniomalia semilimbata (Mitt.) Müll. Hal. - LuzonMyurium pseudorufescens (Hampe) Maschke - Luzon & Mindanao*Neckeropsis andamana (Müll.Hal.) M. Fleisch. – Lu-zon, Mindoro & MindanaoNeckeropsis cyclophylla (Müll. Hal.) S. olsson, Enroth & D. Quandt - widespread *Neckeropsis exserta (Hook. ex Schwaegr.) Broth. var. scrobiculata (Nees) touw – Luzon, Mindoro

& Mindanao*Neckeropsis fimbriata (Harv.) M. Fleisch. - Luzon*Neckeropsis gracilenta (Bosch & Sande Lac.) M. Fleisch. – Luzon, Mindoro & Mindanao

Neckeropsis lepineana (Mont.) M. Fleisch. - wide-spread*Neckeropsis nanodisticha (Geh.) M. Fleisch. - Luzon & Mindanao*Neobarbella comes (Griff.) Nog. - Northern Luzon (Cordilleran)Octoblepharum albidum Hedw. - widespread*Oedicladium fragile Cardot – Luzon, Mindoro & some islands in the Visayas*Orthomnium javense (M. Fleisch.) t. J. Kop. - Mind-anao*Orthomnium loheri Broth. - Luzon*Oxystegus tenuirostris (Hook. & tayl.) A. J. E. Sm. - Luzon & Mindoro*Palamocladium leskeoides (Hook.) E. Britton - Luzon & Mindanao**Papillidiopsis macrosticta (Broth. & Paris) W. R. Buck & B. C. tan – new Philippine record *Pelekium gratum (P. Beauv.)touw – Luzon, Mindoro & Mindanao*Pelekium investe (Mitt.) touw – Luzon, Mindoro & Mindanao*Pelekium synoicum (touw) touw – Luzon, Mindoro & MindanaoPelekium velatum Mitt. - widespreadPhilonotis hastata (Duby) Wijk & Margad. – Luzon, Mindoro & some islands in the Visayas Philonotis mollis (Dozy & Molk.) Mitt. - LuzonPhilonotis nitida Mitt. - Luzon*Philonotis secunda (Dozy & Molk.) Bosch & Sande Lac. - Luzon & Mindanao*Philonotis tjibodensis (M. Fleisch.) Broth. - Luzon & MindanaoPhyllodon lingulatus (Cardot) W. R. Buck - Luzon (Bicol)**Physcomitrium phaericum (C. F. Ludw.) Fürnr. - new Philippine record*Pilotrichopsis dentata (Mitt.) Besch. - Luzon & some islands in the Visayas*Pinnatella foreauana thér.& P.de la Varde - Luzon *Plagiomnium rhynchophorum (Harv.) t. J. Kop. – Lu-zon, Mindoro & some islands in the Visayas*Plagiomnium succulentum (Mitt.) t. J. Kop. – Luzon, Mindoro & MindanaoPogonatum cirratum (Sw.) Brid. ssp. macrophyllum (Dozy & Molk.) Hyvönen - widespreadPogonatum microphyllum (Dozy & Molk.) Dozy & Molk. - Luzon & some islands in the VisayasPogonatum neesii (Müll. Hal.) Dozy - widespreadPogonatum philippinense (Broth.) touw – Luzon, Min-doro & MindanaoPogonatum piliferum (Dozy & Molk.) touw – Luzon, Mindoro & some islands in the Visayas*Pogonatum subtortile (Müll. Hal.) A. Jaeger - Luzon & Mindoro



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*Pohlia flexuosa Harv. - Luzon & some islands in the Visayas*Pohlia nutans (Hedw.) Lindb. – Luzon, Mindoro & some islands in the Visayas*Pseudobarbella attenuata (thwaites & Mitt.) Nog. - Luzon, Mindoro, Palawan & Western

MindanaoPseudoleskeopsis zippelii (Dozy & Molk.) Broth. - Luzon*Pseudotaxiphyllum pohliaecarpum (Sull. & Lesq.) Z. Iwats. – Luzon, Mindoro & Palawan*Pterobryopsis crassicaulis (Müll. Hal.) M. Fleisch. – Luzon, Mindoro & some islands in the VisayasPyrrhobryum latifolium (Bosch & Sande Lac.) Mitt. - Luzon & some islands in the VisayasPyrrhobryum spiniforme (Hedw.) Mitt. - widespread*Racopilum cuspidigerum (Schwaegr.) Ångström – Lu-zon, Mindoro & some islands in the VisayasRacopilum spectabile Reinw. & Hornsch. - widespreadRadulina hamata (Dozy & Molk.) W. R. Buck & B. C. tan - widespread*Rhaphidostichum piliferum (Broth.) Broth. – Luzon & Mindoro*Rhodobryum giganteum (Schwaegr.) Paris – Luzon, Mindoro & Mindanao*Rhynchostegium celebicum (Sande Lac.) A. Jaeger – Luzon, Mindoro & MindanaoSchistomitrium apiculatum (Dozy & Molk.) Dozy & Molk. - Luzon, Mindoro & PalawanSchistomitrium mucronifolium (A. Braun) M. Fleisch. – Luzon, Mindoro & Mindanao**Sematophyllum phoeniceum (Müll. Hal.) M. Fleisch. - new Philippine record *Sematophyllum subpinnatum (Brid.) E. Britton - insuf-ficient data Sphagnum junghuhnianum Dozy & Molk. - widespreadSpiridens reinwardtii Nees - widespread*Splachnobryum obtusum (Brid.) Müll. Hal. – Luzon, Mindoro & some islands in the Visayas*Symphysodon neckeroides Dozy & Molk. - Luzon, Mindoro, Palawan & Western Mindanao*Symphysodontella attenuatula M. Fleisch. – Luzon, Mindoro & Mindanao*Symphysodontella subulata Broth. - Luzon & MindoroSyrrhopodon albo-vaginatus Schwaegr. - widespread*Syrrhopodon ciliatus (Hook.) Schwaegr. – Mindoro & MindanaoSyrrhopodon confertus Sande Lac. – Luzon, Mindoro & some islands in the Visayas*Syrrhopodon croceus Mitt. - widespread*Syrrhopodon involutus Schwaegr. - widespread*Syrrhopodon loreus (Sande Lac.) W. D. Reese - Luzon & MindanaoSyrrhopodon muelleri (Dozy & Molk.) Sande Lac. - widespread

Syrrhopodon prolifer Schwaegr. - *Syrrhopodon rufescens Hook. & Grev. - Luzon*Syrrhopodon spiculosus Hook. & Grev. - Mindoro & some islands in the Visayas*Syrrhopodon trachyphyllus Mont. - LuzonSyrrhopodon tristichus Nees ex Schwaegr. - widespread*Taiwanobryum mucronatum (Bosch & Sande Lac.) S. olsson, Enroth & D. Quandt – Mindoro,

Palawan & Sulu *Taxiphyllum taxirameum (Mitt.) M. Fleisch. - Luzon & some islands in the Visayas*Taxithelium alare Broth. – Luzon, Mindoro & some islands in the Visayas*Taxithelium bakeri Broth. – Luzon, Mindoro & Min-danao*Taxithelium batanense E. B. Bartram - Luzon & Min-doroTaxithelium gottscheanum (Hampe ex Müll. Hal.) Broth. - LuzonTaxithelium instratum (Brid.) Broth. - widespread*Taxithelium kerianum (Broth.) Broth. - Luzon, Mind-oro, Palawan & Western Mindanao *Taxithelium nepalense (Schwaegr.) Broth. – Luzon, Mindoro & MindanaoTaxithelium robinsonii Broth. - Luzon, Mindoro, Pala-wan & Western MindanaoTaxithelium vernieri (Duby) Besch. - widespreadThuidium cymbifolium (Dozy & Molk.) Dozy & Molk. - widespreadThuidium plumulosum (Dozy & Molk.) Dozy & Molk. - widespread*Thuidium pristocalyx (Müll. Hal.) A. Jaeger var. sa-moanum (Mitt.) touw – Luzon, Mindoro &

Mindanao*Touwia elliptica (Bosch & Sande Lac.) S. olsson, Enroth & D. Quandt - Luzon*Touwia negrosensis (E. B. Bartram) S. olsson, Enroth & D. Quandt - Luzon & MindanaoTrachyloma indicum Mitt. - widespread*Trachypus humilis Lindb. - Luzon & Mindanao*Trachythecium micropyxis (Broth.) E. B. Bartram – Luzon, Mindoro & MindanaoTrachythecium verrucosum (A. Jaeger) M. Fleisch. - widespreadTrematodon longicollis Michx. - Luzon & Mindoro*Trichosteleum saproxylophilum (Müll. Hal.) B. C. tan - Luzon & Mindanao*Trichosteleum stigmosum Mitt. - Mindoro*Trismegistia calderensis (Sull.) Broth. – widespreadTrismegistia lancifolia (Harv.) Broth. - widespread*Trismegistia panduriformis (C. H. Wright) Broth. - Mindoro & MindanaoVesicularia dubyana (Müll. Hal.) Broth. - widespreadVesicularia montagnei (Schimp.) Broth. - widespreadVesicularia reticulata (Dozy & Molk.) Broth. - wide-



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spread*Warburgiella subleptorrhyncha (Broth. & Paris) Broth. - *Weissia controversa Hedw. - Luzon & Mindoro*Weissia edentula Mitt. - Luzon & Mindoro

APPENDIx BChecklist of Catanduanes Island mosses and their distribution in the Philippines * Additional new records for the island.

Acanthorrhynchium papillatum (Harv.) M. Fleisch. - widespreadAcroporium diminutum (Brid.) M. Fleisch. - widespread Acroporium stramineum (Reinw. & Hornsch.) M. Fleisch. - widespread Acroporium strepsiphyllum (Mont.) B. C. tan var. strepsiphyllum – Luzon, Mindoro & Mindanao*Aerobryidium crispifolium (Broth. & Geh.) Fleisch ex Broth.Aerobryopsis wallichii (Brid.) M. Fleisch. – widespread*Arthrocormus schimperi (Dozy & Molk.) Dozy & Molk. – widespread Barbula indica (Hook.) Spreng. - widespreadBrachymenium nepalense Hook. - widespreadBryum apiculatum Schwaegr. – Luzon, Mindoro & MindanaoBryum coronatum Schwaegr. - widespread*Caduciella mariei (Besch.) Enroth - Luzon & PalawanCallicostella papillata (Mont.) Mitt. - widespread*Calymperes afzelii Sw. - Luzon & Palawan*Calymperes fasciculatum Dozy & Molk. - Luzon & some islands in the VisayasCalymperes graeffeanum Müll. Hal. - widespread*Calymperes moluccense Schwaegr. - Luzon, Mindoro, Palawan & Western Mindanao*Calymperes motleyi Mitt. - Palawan & Sulu archipelagoCalymperes taitense (Sull.) Mitt. - widespreadCalymperes tenerum Müll. Hal. - widespreadCalyptothecium urvilleanum (Müll. Hal.) Broth. - widespreadCampylopodium medium (Duby) Giese & J. -P. Frahm - Luzon & MindoroCampylopus umbellatus (Schwaegr. & Gaudich. ex Arn.) Paris - widespread *Circulifolium exiguum (Bosch & Sande Lac.) S. olsson, Enroth & D. Quandt – Luzon, Mindoro & MindanaoClaopodium prionophyllum (Müll. Hal.) Broth. - widespread*Clastrobryum caudatum M. Fleisch. – Luzon, Mindoro & Mindanao

*Clastrobryum indicum (Dozy & Molk.) Dozy & Molk. - LuzonCyclodictyon blumeanum ((Müll. Hal) Kuntze - widespread*Dicranella coarctata (Müll. Hal.) Bosch & Sande Lac. - Luzon & some islands in the VisayasDicranoloma blumii (Nees) Paris – widespread*Distichophyllum nigricaule var. cirratum (Ren. & Card.) Fleisch. - LuzonEctropotheciella distichophylla (Hampe ex Dozy & Molk.) M. Fleisch. - widespread *Ectropothecium dealbatum (Reinw. & Hornsch.) Jaeg.*Ectropothecium falciforme (Dozy & Molk.) A. Jaeger – Luzon, Mindoro & Mindanao *Ectropothecium luzoniae (C. Müll.) Jaeg.Ectropothecium monumentorum (Duby) A. Jaeger - widespread*Entodon plicatus Müll. Hal. - widespreadErythrodontium julaceum (Hook. ex Schwaegr.) Paris - widespread Exostratum blumei (Nees ex Hampe) L. t. Ellis - Luzon & Mindanao Fissidens crenulatus Mitt. var. elmeri (Broth.) Z. Iwats. & tad. Suzuki - widespreadFissidens crispulus Brid. - widespread*Fissidens geminiflorus Dozy & Molk. - Luzon & MindoroFissidens nobilis Griff. – widespread*Fissidens zollingeri Mont.Floribundaria floribunda (Dozy & Molk.) M. Fleisch. - widespread*Garckea flexuosa (Griff.) Margad. & Nork. - Luzon, Mindoro & PalawanGarovaglia elegans (Dozy & Molk.) Hampe ex Bosch & Sande Lac. - widespread*Groutiella tomentosa (Hornsch.) Wijk & Margad. – Luzon, Mindoro & some islands in the Visayas*Herpetineuron toccoae (Sull. & Lesq.) Card.Homaliodendron flabellatum (Sm.) M. Fleisch. - widespreadHyophila involuta (Hook.) M. Jaeger - widespreadHypnodendron milnei Mitt. ssp. korthalsii (Bosch & Sande Lac. ex Paris) touw - Luzon, Mindoro,

Palawan & Western MindanaoHypnodendron reinwardtii (Schwaegr.) Lindb. ex A. Jaeger & Sauerb. ssp. caducifolium (Herzog)

touw - widespreadHypnodendron subspininervium (Müll. Hal.) A. Jaeger ssp. arborescens (Mitt.) touw – Luzon,

Mindoro & Mindanao*Isopterygium albescens (Hook.) Jaeg.*Isopterygium bancanum (Sande Lac.) A. Jaeger – widespread*Isopterygium minutirameum (C. Müll.) Jaeg.* Leptotrichella miqueliana (Mont.) Lindb. ex Broth. -



133

Luzon & Mindoro *Leucobryum aduncum Dozy & Molk. - Luzon, Mindoro & Palawan*Leucobryum bowringii Mitt.Leucobryum javense (Brid.) Mitt. - widespreadLeucobryum sanctum (Nees & Schwaegr.) Hampe - widespread*Leucoloma molle (Müll. Hal.) Mitt. – Luzon, Mindoro & MindanaoLeucophanes candidum (Schwaegr.) Lindb. - widespread*Leucophanes glaucum (Schwaegr.) Mitt. – Luzon, Mindoro & Mindanao*Leucophanes octoblepharioides Brid.*Macromitrium fasciculare Mitt. - Luzon & MindoroMacromitrium semipellucidum Dozy & Molk. - Luzon & Mindanao*Mitthyridium fasciculatum (Hook. & Grev.) H. Rob. - widespread Neckeropsis cyclophylla (Müll. Hal.)S. olsson, Enroth & D. Quandt - widespread* Neckeropsis exserta (Hook. ex Schwaegr.) Broth. var. scrobiculata (Nees) touw – Luzon, Mindoro

& MindanaoNeckeropsis lepineana (Mont.) M. Fleisch. - widespreadOctoblepharum albidum Hedw. - widespread*Pelekium synoicum (touw) touw – Luzon, Mindoro & MindanaoPelekium velatum Mitt. – widespread*Philonotis falcata (Hook.) Mitt.Philonotis hastata (Duby) Wijk & Margad. – Luzon, Mindoro & some islands in the Visayas Philonotis nitida Mitt. - Luzon*Plagiomnium succulentum (Mitt.) t. J. Kop.- Luzon, Mindoro & MindanaoPogonatum neesii (Müll. Hal.) Dozy – widespreadPogonatum philippinense (Broth.) touw – Luzon, Mindoro & Mindanao*Pogonatum piliferum (Dozy & Molk.) touw*Pseudotaxiphyllum pohliaecarpum (Sull. & Lesq.) Z. Iwats. – Luzon, Mindoro & PalawanPyrrhobryum spiniforme (Hedw.) Mitt. - widespreadRacopilum spectabile Reinw. & Hornsch. - widespreadRadulina hamata (Dozy & Molk.)W. R. Buck & B. C. tan – widespread*Rhynchostegiella brachypoda M. Fleisch.*Sematophyllum subpinnatum (Brid.) E. Britton - insufficient data Spiridens reinwardtii Nees - widespread*Splachnobryum obtusum (Brid.) Müll. Hal. – Luzon, Mindoro & some islands in the VisayasSyrrhopodon albo-vaginatus Schwaegr. – widespread*Syrrhopodon ciliatus (Hook.) Schwaegr.*Taiwanobryum mucronatum (Bosch & Sande Lac.) S. olsson, Enroth & D. Quandt – Mindoro,

Palawan & Sulu*Taxiphyllum taxirameum (Mitt.) M. Fleisch. - Luzon & some islands in the Visayas*Taxithelium nepalense (Schwaegr.) Broth. – Luzon, Mindoro & Mindanao*Taxithelium vernieri (Duby) Besch.Thuidium cymbifolium (Dozy & Molk.) Dozy & Molk. – widespread*Thuidium plumulosum (Dozy & Molk.) Dozy & Molk.*Touwia elliptica (Bosch & Sande Lac.) S. olsson, Enroth & D. Quandt - LuzonTouwia negrosensis (E. B. Bartram) S. olsson, Enroth & D. Quandt - Luzon & Mindanao

Trachythecium verrucossum (A. Jaeger) M. Fleisch. - widespread Trematodon longicollis Michx. - Luzon & Mindoro*Trichosteleum stigmosum Mitt.Trismegistia korthalsii (Dozy & Molk.) Broth. – Luzon, Mindoro & MindanaoTrismegistia lancifolia (Harv.) Broth. - widespreadVesicularia montagnei (Schimp.) Broth. - widespreadVesicularia reticulata (Dozy & Molk.) Broth. - widespread*Weissia edentula Mitt. - Luzon & Mindoro



Biogeographical Notes on the Moss Floras of Bicol Peninsula in Luzon...

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