Biogas in Greece: Actual situation and perspectives · 2015-09-30 · Biogas plants in Greece...
Transcript of Biogas in Greece: Actual situation and perspectives · 2015-09-30 · Biogas plants in Greece...
Biogas in Greece: Actual situation and perspectives
Christos Zafiris ΜSc
Agriculture engineer
Biomass dept
Thessaloniki, 29/09/2015
Contents
Biogas in the EU
Biogas in Greece
Biomass potential for biogas production in Greece
Barriers
Benefits of biogas
Requirements for the design and implementation of biogas projects
Investment opportunities
Legal status
Conclusions
It was in 1804 when John Dalton established the chemical constitution of methane.
But today we are talking about…
Optimization of the biogas process
Process Analytical Technologies and Chemometrics for AD Systems
Cryogenic upgrading for:
- LBG production
- Landfill gas upgrading
- CO2 recovery
Techniques for reducing methane slip
Fuel cell using bio-Η2
Production of Bio-SNG from lignin and straw
Electrochemical reduction of CO2 applied to upgrading biogases
Techniques for nutrient recovery from digestate
Biogas production in EU
Today there are 14,572 biogas plants with installed capacity of 7,857 MWe
The two countries with the largest biogas production in EU are Germany with 9,035 plants 3,543MWe and Italy 1,105MWe
Source: European Biogas Association-EBA
Energy perspectives EU
Recent Communication from the Commission: ”Towards an Integrated Strategic Energy Technology (SET) Plan (15/09/15)
10 actions to accelerate the energy system transformation and create jobs and growth
….2. Reduce the cost of key technologies with the use of biomass wastes in South Europe (along with photovoltaics, thermal solar and algae)
Source: European Commission
Source: ΛΑΓΗΕ-Operator of electricity market
RES & CHP Monthly Statistics 2013-2015 Capacity MW in GR
Source: ΛΑΓΗΕ-Operator of electricity market
RES & CHP Monthly Statistics 2013-2015 Electricity production GWh in GR
Biogas plants in Greece
Biogas plants of 44.13 MWe capacity are operating, mostly at solid waste landfills (SWL) and municipal wastewater treatment plants (MWTP). The most important in:
SWL of Ano Liossia a co-generation plant of 23.4 ΜWe capacity is in operation.
MWTP of Psyttalia a co-generation plant of 11.4 MWe capacity is in operation.
SWL of Tagarades in Salonica a co-generation plant of 5 MWe capacity is in operation.
S/N
ENERGY TYPE
FUEL-TYPE Location
Thermal Capacity (MWth)
Electrical Capacity (MWe)
Annual Biogas Production
(m3/yr)
1 ELE SWL Thessaloniki 5.04 22,000,000
2 CHP MWTP Larisa 1.83 0.60 897,120
3 CHP MWTP Patra 0.70 0.02 577,012
4 HEAT MWTP Chalkida 2.21 240,000
5 HEAT MWTP Alex/poli 0.33 328,000
6 HEAT MWTP Rodos 0.58 90,000
7 CHP MWTP Hraklio 0.53 0.19 672,000
8 CHP MWTP Chania 0.29 0.16 200,000
9 CHP MWTP Athens 17.20 11.4 25,774,000
10 CHP SWL Athens 4.00 23.4 107,000,000
11 CHP MWTP Volos 1.11 0.33 0
12 ELE SWL Volos 0.00 1.25 3,783,632
TOTAL 28.77 42.401 161,561,764
Biogas plants in Greece
In addition, there are 6 plants:
4 plants which are agricultural units producing electricity (1.73 MWe) and
2 plants which are food industries producing only thermal energy (1.18MWth)
Biogas plants in Greece
S/N
ENERGY TYPE
FUEL-TYPE Location
Thermal Capacity (MWth)
Electrical Capacity (MWe)
Annual Biogas Production
(m3/yr)
1 HEAT FOOD Thessaloniki 0.64
2 HEAT FOOD Athens 0.40
3 CHP AGRI Preveza 0.15 0.98
4 ELE AGRI Veria 0.25 1,264,813
5 CHP AGRI Komotini 0.25 950,000
6 CHP AGRI Imathia 0.25 480,500
TOTAL 1.18 1.73 6,398,585
Biogas plants in Greece
Biogas plant in Ano Liossia 23.5 MWe
Source: HELECTOR
Biogas plant in Psyttalia 11.4 MWe
Source: EYDAP
Biogas plant in Tagarades 5 MWe
Source: HELECTOR
Source: ΤΕΤΩΡΟΣ
CHITAS FARMA S.A 1MW
Gasnakis Antonios S.A 0.25MW
Bioaerio Komotinis S.A 0.25MW
Karanikas Antonios S.A 0.25ΜW
Biogas agricultural plants
Biogas agricultural plants operational as of 2015
Source: ΤΕΤΩΡΟΣ
Seiti Bros S.A 0.5 MWe
Bioaerio Megaron S.A 0.5MWe
Expected to be operational in 2015. Βioenergeiaki Mantineias S.A
Source: KAFSIS - ΤΕΤΩΡΟΣ
Bio energy in the electricity market
Up to present, RΑΕ has issued 83 licenses for bioelectricity production, with total installed capacity of 441.4 ΜW.
146.5 MW (46 plants) refer to biogas production
• 7 licenses for MSW (41.33 MW)
• 7 licenses for water treatment plants (17.06 MW)
• 26 licenses for agricultural/animal breeding wastes (72.0 MW)
• 3 licenses for agricultural wastes (12.0 MW)
• 3 licenses for animal breeding wastes (4.12 MW) 294.9 MW (37 plants) refer to biomass combustion
plants
REGIONS
LICENCES TO TEST
PRIORITY CAPACITY (MW)
LICENCES WITH SINGED
CONTRACTS CAPACITY
(MW)
ATTIKI 46 66.67 4 24.3
MAKEDONIA-THRAKI 125 112 21 25
WEST GREECE 110 64.24 5 6.32
CENTRAL GREECE 119 103.4 7 11.9
TOTAL 400 346.31 37 67.52
Licence applications according to L.4152/2013
MAIN CATEGORIES UNITS
CAPACITY (MW)
ORGANIC WASTES (T/Y)
FUEL CAPACITY
(MW)
CATTLE 25,530 726,013
cattle 13,601,970 233
SOWS 2,560 147,920
Sows 2,277,072 36
SYSTEMATIC POULTRY 1,972 33,875,054 813,001 86
DAIRY ESTABLISH-
MENT 696 1,175,319 822,723 14
TOTAL 30,758 17,514,766 369
Theoretical biomass potential in Greece
Source: C. Zafiris/CRES
18 Mt animal wastes from cattle, pig and poultry
5.6 PJ annual energy production
Cattle breeding mainly in northern Greece
Pig breeding equally distributed over Greece
Poultry farming mainly in three regions
Potential daily production of animal wastes in Greece
Source: CRES/Biomass dept
Spatial planning of the Saws breeding farms in Greece
• 1000 saws
• 100 saws
Source: Union of pig breeders in Greece.
Based on our estimates the collection of 100,000 tons of organic wastes to feed a central biogas plant may come from cattle breeding farms located in areas of a radius around 75km. The selection of the cattle breeding farms and the potential location of the plants was mainly based on their biomass potential and their geographic location, using GIS.
Spatial planning of breeding farms in Greece
Source: C. Zafiris/CRES
Number of live and dead animals by Region
LIVE ANIMALS DEAD ANIMALS
REGIONS CATTHLE GOATS&SHEEP PIGS POULTRY CATTHLE GOATS&SHEEP PIGS POULTRY
ATTIKI 3.917 133.498 74 6.675
C. MAKEDONIA 187.830 1.524.380 10.792 76.219
E.MAKEDONIA&THRAKI 109.590 696.202 6.963 34.810
W.MAKEDONIA 39.210 569.178 2.925 28.459
IPIROS 66.544 800.599 4.641 40.030
THESSALIA 137.014 1.557.044 8.836 77.852
CENTRAL. GRRECE 35.583 567.673 1.694 28.384
WEST. GREECE 87.546 1.653.525 1.346 82.676
PELOPONNISSOS 18.599 963.718 536 48.186
ΙΟΝΙAN ISLANDS 5.689 214.221 82 10.711
NORTH AEGAIAN 10.980 539.242 401 26.962
SOUTH AEGAIAN 20.812 369.412 829 18.471
KRITI 2.699 2.952.718 102 147.636
TOTAL 726.013 12.541.410 1.365.000 93.375.979 39.221 627.071 68.250 4.668.799
30,500 tn dead animal≈2ΜWe
Agricultural residues
Theoretical potential : ~8.7 MT dm/year
Theoretically available potential: ~5.5 MT dm/year
Energy potential: ~99 PJ/year (~ 27.7 TWh)
Theoretical potential of straw
Theoretical potential ~1.150.000 MT DM/year (65MWe biogas plant)
Regions: Larissa,
Thessaloniki, Evros, Phiotida, Serres, Κozani, Κilkis
Theoretical potential residues of maize
Theoretical potential : ~604.000 MT DM/year (34ΜW)
Regions : Serres,
Κavala, Xanthi, Drama, Ilia, Etolia-Akarnania, Larissa , Trikala ,Pella
An example of a case-study
114 hectares sorghum (0,44%) 13.680 t of sorghum 0,9ΜW capacity 7.300 MWh electricity production 1.950 residences with green elec 2.000 t fibres 1GWh requires: 1,057 tons of maize and 25 ha in Central-North
Europe 1,057 tons of maize and 13.2 ha in GR 1,057 tons of sorghum and 9 ha in GR 18 GWh requires 162 ha sorghum in GR
Biogas production from growing crops
Regions
Land not cultivated for
various reasons Ha Tons/y ΜWe
MWe (1%)
MWe (3%)
E. Makedonia & Thraki 3,766 263,599 12 0.1 0.4
C. Makedonia 5,452 381,640 18 0.2 0.5
W. Makedonia 2,146 150,185 7 0.1 0.2
Thessalia 18,045 1,263,136 58 0.6 1.8
Ipiros 11,050 773,479 36 0.4 1.1
Ionian Islands 18,078 1,265,460 59 0.6 1.8
W. Greece 14,492 1,014,412 47 0.5 1.4
C. Greece 25,864 1,810,473 84 0.8 2.5
Peloponnissos 47,231 3,306,142 153 1.5 4.6
Attiki 8,659 606,158 28 0.3 0.8
N. Aegean 7,206 504,406 23 0.2 0.7
S.Aegean 13,316 932,106 43 0.4 1.3
Kriti 61,215 4,285,078 198 2.0 6.0
TOTAL 236,518 16,556,274 766 7.7 23.0
Exports of processed agricultural products from 113 SMEs in Imathia
Product Country
Net weight (tn) Track Container
Peach Germany 4,461 177 16
Fruit salad Germany 248 12
Apricot Germany 56 3
Mixed fruit Germany 106 6
Puree peach Germany 2,092 85
Purre apple Germany 510 25
Puree tomato Germany 294 5 8
Peppers in brine Germany 2,729 122 75
Total 10,495 435 99
General total 69,433 1395 1991
Solid waste 30% of feedstock = 30,000 tn of residue = 1,5 MWe
6m3 liquid waste / tonne of product = 420,000 tn of liquid waste = 1,6 MWe
Biogas from biodegradable MW REGION MSW (t/y) BMW (t/y) ΜWe
E. Makedonia & Thraki 278500 123376 5
C. Makedonia 933900 413718 17
W. Makedonia 153100 67823 3
Thessalia 411400 182250 7
Ipiros 96700 42838 2
Ionian Islands 147700 65431 3
W. Greece 308500 136666 5
C. Greece 307100 136045 5
Peloponnissos 137900 61090 2
Attiki 2492400 1104133 44
N. Aegean 81400 36060 1
S.Aegean 227500 100783 4
Kriti 428500 189826 8
TOTAL 6004600 2660038 107
Typology of urbanity-rurality
of the prefectures in Greece
Source: Skouras & Psaltopoulos
SMEs in the primary sector
CATEGORY
NUMBER
CATTLE FARMS 25,530
PIG FARMS 2,560
GOT AND SHEEP FARMS 79,667
HORSE FARMS 16,277
SYSTEMATIC POULTRY FARMS 1,972
SLAUGHTERHOUSES 153
POULTRY SLAUGHTERHOUSES 206
SMEs in the primary sector
CATEGORY
NUMBER
Cutting minced and meat preparation 419
Meat Products 400
Other primary livestock products 19
Bladder, intestine, stomach and by-products processing plants
23
Feed 155
CATEGORY
NUMBER
Dairy establishment 696
Milk collection centres 16
Producers of cow's milk 3,003
Producers of sheep’s milk 41,391
Producers of goats milk 15,915
Producers of goats & sheep’s milk
48,042
SMEs in the primary sector
CATEGORY
NUMBER
Fishery products 151
Fresh and frozen fishery products
101
Olive oil mills 2018
Olive kernels 32
Olive oil 380
TOTAL 239,126
SMEs in the primary sector
Wastes: 2,000,000t
Installed capacity: 40MW
Wastes: 60,500t
Installed capacity:1.5MW
Wastes: 680,000t
Installed capacity: 13.5MW
Wastes: 200,000t
Installed capacity: 4MW
Wastes: 34,000t
Installed capacity: 1MW
Wastes: 982,000t
Installed capacity: 19MW
Wastes: 800,000t
Installed capacity:15MW
Wastes: 730,000t
Installed capacity:14.5MW
Potential spatial distribution of biogas plants
Source: C. Zafiris/CRES
Agios Athanasios
Wastes: 2,000,000t
Installed capacity: 40MW
Pethymno
Wastes: 60,500t
Installed capacity:1.5MW
Foustani
Wastes: 680,000t
Installed capacity: 13.5MW
Oinophyta
Wastes: 200,000t
Installed capacity: 4MW
Anogeia
Wastes: 34,000t
Installed capacity: 1MW
Stratos
Wastes: 982,000t
Installed capacity: 19MW
Phillira
Wastes: 800,000t
Installed capacity:15MW
Filippiada
Wastes: 730,000t
Installed capacity:14.5MW
Potential spatial distribution of biogas plants
Ano Liossia
Landfill
Installed capacity: 23.5MW
Psyttalia (WWTP)
Wastes: 700,000t/day
Installed capacity: 11,4MW
Tagarades
Landfill
Installed capacity: 5MW
Plant in operation
Plant proposed
Possible Injection
point in natural gas
grid
Source: C. Zafiris/CRES
Barriers
Availability and supply of raw materials
Lack of public awareness
Social acceptance
Environmental licensing
PPC monopoly
Inefficiency of Greek policy framework (gate fee)
Huge bureaucracy
Absence of spatial planning for biomass plants
Lack of financial incentives
Benefits of biogas
Environmental
Reducing GHG-odour Recyclig nutrients Reducing land water pollution and pathogens
Μείωση εισαγωγών
Local development 0,25% R. Larissa 0.37% R.Evrou
86.000 tn=4ΜW,
Security of energy supply
36.400MWh=11.000 houses
Economic
New job creation
Reducing fossil fuel imports
Requirements for the design and implementation of biogas
projects
Institutional measures to implement the concept of 'gate fee'
Simplification of licensing procedures, setting up 'one stop shop'
Incentives for projects up 250kWe, according to the German model
Setting up of a price for the heat production, the solid (50-100 €/t) and liquid digestate (0-10 €/t)
Investment Opportunities
Unexploited Greek Biogas market. Unique investment opportunity due to the up-to-now totally unexploited Greek biogas production market, combined with the immediate need for decontamination of organic waste throughout the country. There is now sharply increasing interest in the biogas industry.
The Law 3851/2010 offers all necessary financial elements, as well as a very positive legal framework for the development of profitable biogas units.
High sales price of each ΜWh: 230 €/MWh without any development cost subsidy. The sales price has been in force since June 2010 following voting of new law 3851/2010 regarding Renewable Energy Sources (RES).
Legal status
Law 3851/2010
“Accelerating the development of Renewable Energy Sources to deal with climate change and other regulations addressing issues under the authority of the Ministry of Environment, Energy and Climate Change”
Ministerial Decision (MD) digestion of biomass (Official Gazette 554 03/08/2013).
“Additional obligations for the environmental permitting process of power plants and thermal energy using biogas from anaerobic digestion of biomass (Official Gazette 554 03/08/2013)”.
L.4152 (09/05/2013)
L.4203 (01/11/2013)
Support system
< 3 MW ... to ... kW > 3MW <2MW ... to ... kW > 2MW < 2MW ... to ... kW > 2MW < 1MW 1ΜW to 5MW > 5MW
Feed-in tariff system Yes
Highest possible feed-in tariff €/MWh 230 209 131 108 131 108 198 170 148
Feed-in tariff with sudsidies €/MWh 209 190 114 94 114 114 180 155 135
Duration years 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
Landfill Sewage Biomass
Yes
Support system
Agriculture
A draft Law was adopted for the support and development of
the Greek economy under implementation of L.4046/2012
and other provisions
Legal status
Conclusions
Unexploited Greek Biogas market.
The Law 3851/2010 offers all necessary financial elements, as well as a very positive legal framework.
High sales price of each ΜWh: 230 €/MWh without any development cost subsidy. The sales price has been in force since June 2010 following voting of new law 3851/2010 regarding Renewable Energy Sources (RES).
The development and installation of biogas technologies is a promising alternative for the management of 18 million tons/year of waste, which in total is unallocated and unused
The biogas unit represents an integrated livestock and organic waste management system for power generation with substantial environmental and economic benefits.
Thank you for your attention
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