BIOFUELS Searching for Transportation Energy
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Transcript of BIOFUELS Searching for Transportation Energy
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Elise RocheNovember 3rd 2009
BIOFUELS
Searching for Transportation
Energy
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Global and U.S. Consumption• Fossil fuels used for transport: worldwide 96% (Sierraclub), U.S. 70% (projected increase of 30% by 2030) (Helm 1990/BRDB 2008)
• U.S. consumes 141,500,000,000 gallons/year (Akinci 2008)
o Automobiles, buses, planes, barges
•Fossil fuel use has significant affects on our global climate
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Transportation (red) is the leading source of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere producing about 6000 million metric tons.
Energy Information Agency 2009
The Big Picture
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Passenger cars account for more than one-third of green house gas emissions related to transportation.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 2002
Green House Gas Emissions
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Big Impacts
• Habitat Degradationo Drilling for fuelo Loss of biodiversityo Ecosystem services
• Pollutiono Vehicle emissionso Acid rain
o Ocean acidificationo Coral bleaching
o Oil spillshttp://dsc.discovery.com/games-quizzes/acid-rain-quiz/
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Ethanol o 1st generation biofuelo Big playero Made from food crops
(corn, sugarcane, rice, potato, wheat, etc.)
o Fermentation processo Reduces dependency on fossil
fuelso Necessary for the reduction of
GHG
Biofuel Background
http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2008/09/17/2366645.htm
http://www.randallcounty.org/extension/corn.htm
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Conservation vs. Renewable Energy
Do we protect our air, water, and biodiversity whiledepleting our fossil fuel reserves?
ORMaking an alternative fuel?
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Stakeholders Promoting Ethanol
• Governmento AEI plan 2007 (BRDB2008)
o Lower GHG emissions by 1.6% (Akinci 2008)
o Decrease dependency on oil• Farmers and Distribution Companieso Considerable profitso Renewable
• Automobile Makerso Profits
http://greenermagazine.blogspot.com/2006/07/corn-ethanol-super-fuel-or-hype.html
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• UNICEF and National Anti-Hunger Organizationso Use of food cropso Increased cost of ethanol•National Resources Defense Councilo Biodiversity•Energy Justice Networko Pollutiono GHG emissions• OPECo Loss of profit
http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3461/3379666736_e7e5881ff1.jpg
Stakeholders Against Ethanol
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Acreage of all harvested cropland in 2007. Dark green areas indicate 75% or more while uncolored area indicate less than
5%. National Agricultural Statistics 2007
Acres of Total Cropland
ENTIRE Conservation
Reserve Program land (36 million
acres) for ethanol production
= 16.9% U.S.
gasoline consumption
(23,900,000,000 gallons)
(Akinci 2008)
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Alternative to the AlternativeCellulosic Crops
• Low Input High Diversity • Agriculturally abandoned nitrogen-poor sandy soil• 51% more usable energy per ha than corn ethanol• 16-species plot = 238% more bioenergy than monoculture• Use entire plant (vs. just using seeds) (Tilman 2006)
CARBON NEGATIVE!
http://global-warming.accuweather.com/2007/03/another_source_for_biomass_fue.html
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• Valiant attempt to curtail GHG emissions (not good enough)• Use less of everything • Combine efforts with biofuels o corn, cellulose, biodiesel
In short EFFICIENCY
What Do I Think?
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Literature CitedAkinci, B. 2008. The role of bio-fuels in satisfying US transportation fuel demands. Energy Policy. 36: 3485– 3491.
Biofuels in the U.S. Transportation Sector. Energy Information Administration, Washington, D.C. Available from http://www.eia.doe.gov/oiaf/analysispaper/biomass.html (accessed October 2009).
Conti, J. 2009. U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions in the Transportation Sector. Energy Information Administration. United States Securities and Exchange Commission.
Helm, J. 1990. Energy: Production, Consumption, and Consequences. National Academy Press. Washington, D.C.
Tilman, D. 2006. Carbon-Negative Biofuels from Low-Input High-Diversity Grassland Biomass. Science. 314: 1598-1600.