Bioenergy Development: Issues and Impacts for Poverty and Natural Resource Management

8/14/2019 Bioenergy Development: Issues and Impacts for Poverty and Natural Resource Management

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N O T A J \ F R \ T L N H B T \ T N F B L S L F E P I L H R

DaelhlroyBlvlfepilht

AZZ\LZ NHB AIPNJRZ CET PESLTRQ

NHB HNR\TNF TLZE\TJL INHNOLILHR

Lfazndltm Jusmaeh, Nbranh _matlinh, nhb Olrmnrb Baltlrfl


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DAELHLTOQBLSLFEPILHR


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Zlvlhty-cavl plrjlht ec tml werfbs peer favl ah rurnf nrlns, nhb iest ec tmli nrl ahvefvlb

ah norajufturl. Ah tml 4>st jlhtury, norajufturl rlinahs cuhbnilhtnf te ljeheiaj orewtm,

pevlrty nfflvantaeh, nhb lhvarehilhtnf sustnahndafaty. Rml _erfb Dnhgs Norajufturl nhb

Turnf Blvlfepilht pudfajntaeh slrals prlslhts rljlht nhnfysls ec assuls tmnt nccljt tml refl

ec norajufturl, ahjfubaho favlstejg, casmlrals, nhb cerlstry, ns n seurjl ec ljeheiaj blvlfep-

ilht, rurnf favlfameebs, nhb lhvarehilhtnf slrvajls. Rml slrals as ahtlhblb cer prnjtajnf

nppfajntaeh, nhb wl mepl tmnt at waff slrvl te ahceri pudfaj basjussaeh, pefajy ceriufntaeh,

nhb blvlfepilht pfnhhaho.

Ratfls ah tmas slrals;

Noradusahlss nhb Ahhevntaeh Zystlis ah Ncrajn

Norajufturnf Fnhb Tlbastradutaeh; Rewnrb Orlntlr Jehslhsus

Norajufturl Ahvlstilht Zeurjldeeg

Daelhlroy Blvlfepilht; Assuls nhb Aipnjts cer Pevlrty nhb Hnturnf Tlseurjl Inhnolilht

Duafbaho Jeipltatavlhlss ah Ncrajns Norajufturl; N Ouabl te Snful Jmnah Jehjlpts nhb

Nppfajntaehs

Jmnhoaho tml Cnjl ec tml _ntlrs; Rml Preiasl nhb Jmnfflhol ec Zustnahndfl Nqunjufturl

Lhmnhjaho Norajufturnf Ahhevntaeh; Mew te Oe Dlyehb tml Ztrlhotmlhaho ec Tlslnrjm Zystlis

Cerlsts Zeurjldeeg; Prnjtajnf Ouabnhjl cer Zustnahaho Cerlsts ah Blvlfepilht Jeeplrntaeh

Olhblr nhb Oevlrhnhjl ah Turnf Zlrvajls; Ahsaomts crei Ahban, Omnhn, nhb Ltmaepan

Olhblr ah Norajufturl Zeurjldeeg

Eronhazntaeh nhb Plrcerinhjl ec Jetteh Zljters ah Ncrajn; Flnrhaho crei Tlceri Lxplralhjl

Tlceriaho Norajufturnf Rrnbl cer Blvlfepaho Jeuhtrals, Sefuil >; Gly Assuls cer nPre-Blvlfepilht Eutjeil ec tml Bemn Teuhb

Tlceriaho Norajufturnf Rrnbl cer Blvlfepaho Jeuhtrals, Sefuil 4; ^unhtacyaho tml

Aipnjt ec Iuftafntlrnf Rrnbl Tlceri

Zmnpaho tml Cuturl ec _ntlr cer Norajufturl; N Zeurjldeeg cer Ahvlstilht ah Norajufturnf

_ntlr Inhnolilht

Rml Zuhglh Daffaehs; Rml Ljeheiaj Kustacajntaeh cer Casmlrals Tlceri

Zustnahndfl Fnhb Inhnolilht; Jmnfflhols, Eppertuhatals, nhb Rrnbl-EccsZustnahndfl Fnhb Inhnolilht Zeurjldeeg

Zustnahaho Cerlsts; N Blvlfepilht Ztrntloy

N O T A J \ FR \ T L N H B T \ T N F B L S L F E P I L H R


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DAELHLTOQ

BLSLFEPILHRAssuls nhb Aipnjts cer Pevlrty nhb Hnturnf

Tlseurjl Inhnolilht

Lfazndltm Jusmaeh, Nbranh _matlinh, nhb Olrmnrb Baltlrfl


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40>0 Rml Ahtlrhntaehnf Dnhg cer Tljehstrujtaeh nhb Blvlfepilht / Rml _erfb Dnhg>=>= M Ztrllt H__nsmahoteh BJ 402::Rlflpmehl; 404-2?:->000Ahtlrhlt; www.werfbdnhg.ero

L-inaf; [email protected] raomts rlslrvlb

> 4 : 2 >4 >> >0 01

Rmas vefuil as n prebujt ec tml stncc ec tml Ahtlrhntaehnf Dnhg cer Tljehstrujtaeh nhbBlvlfepilht / Rml _erfb Dnhg. Rml cahbahos, ahtlrprltntaehs, nhb jehjfusaehslxprlsslb ah tmas vefuil be het hljlssnrafy rlcfljt tml valws ec tml Lxljutavl Barljtersec Rml _erfb Dnhg er tml oevlrhilhts tmly rlprlslht.

Rml _erfb Dnhg bels het ounrnhtll tml njjurnjy ec tml bntn ahjfublb ah tmas werg.Rml deuhbnrals, jefers, blheiahntaehs, nhb etmlr ahcerintaeh smewh eh nhy inp ah

tmas werg be het aipfy nhy kubolilht eh tml pnrt ec Rml _erfb Dnhg jehjlrhaho tmlflonf stntus ec nhy tlrratery er tml lhberslilht er njjlptnhjl ec sujm deuhbnrals.

Taomts nhb PlriassaehsRml intlranf ah tmas pudfajntaeh as jepyraomtlb. Jepyaho nhb/er trnhsiattaho pertaehser nff ec tmas werg watmeut plriassaeh iny dl n vaefntaeh ec nppfajndfl fnw. Rml Ahtlr-hntaehnf Dnhg cer Tljehstrujtaeh nhb Blvlfepilht / Rml _erfb Dnhg lhjeurnolsbassliahntaeh ec ats werg nhb waff herinffy ornht plriassaeh te rlprebujl pertaehsec tml werg preiptfy.

Cer plriassaeh te pmetejepy er rlpraht nhy pnrt ec tmas werg, pflnsl slhb n rlqulstwatm jeipfltl ahcerintaeh te tml Jepyraomt Jflnrnhjl Jlhtlr Ahj., 444 Teslweeb

Bravl, Bnhvlrs, IN 0>14:, \ZN7 tlflpmehl; 1?=-?= M Ztrllt H_,_nsmahoteh, BJ 402::, \ZN7 cnx; 404-:-?341-2lAZDH; 1?=-0-=4>:-=>41-=BEA; >0.>:-?341-2

Fadrnry ec Jehorlss Jntnfeoaho-ah-Pudfajntaeh Bntn

Jusmaeh, Lfazndltm.Daelhlroy blvlfepilht ; assuls nhb aipnjts cer pevlrty nhb hnturnf rlseurjl inh-

nolilht / Lfazndltm Jusmaeh, Nbranh _matlinh, nhb Olrmnrb Baltlrfl.p. ji.

Ahjfubls dadfaeornpmajnf rlclrlhjls nhb ahblx.AZDH 1?=-0-=4>:-?341-2 AZDH 1?=-0-=4>:-=>41-= (lfljtrehaj)>. Daeinss lhlroy. 4. Daeinss lhlroyLhvarehilhtnf nspljts. A. _matlinh, Nbranh.

AA. Baltlrfl, Olrmnrb. AAA. Ratfl.MB1


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v

J E H R L H R Z

Njghewflboilhts xaaa

Ndeut tml Nutmers xv

Nddrlvantaehs xvaa

Lxljutavl Zuiinry >

Olhlrnf Cahbahos 4

Tloaehnf Cahbahos :

Pefajy Aipfajntaehs . Evlrvalw ?

Inah Rypls ec Daelhlroy =

Rmas Tlpert >>

Retnf Daelhlroy Zuppfy nhb Jehtradutaeh te RPLZ >4

Eutfeeg cer Daelhlroy Jehsuiptaeh >:

Cerjls Nccljtaho Daelhlroy Blvlfepilht >?

Jehjlrhs ndeut Daelhlroy Blvlfepilht 4>

Pefajals, Rnrolts, nhb Ahstruilhts 4

Feho-Rlri Rrlhb nhb Eutfeeg cer Prainry Zefab Daeinss 22

Daelhlroy Prebujtaeh crei Zefab Daeinss 23

Rrnbataehnf \sls ec Zefab Daeinss cer Lhlroy 340

2. Aipnjts nhb Assuls nt tml Jeuhtry nhb Tloaehnf Flvlfs >4>

Ncrajn >44

Lnst Nsan nhb Pnjacaj >4?

Lurepl nhb Jlhtrnf Nsan >::

Fntah Nilrajn nhb tml Jnraddlnh >:3

Iabbfl Lnst nhb Hertm Ncrajn >20

Zeutm Nsan >24

Hetls >23

2?

Olhlrnf Jehjfusaehs >2?

Tloaehnf Jehjfusaehs >

Pefajy Aipfajntaehs >


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JEHRLHRZ vaa

Aipnjt ec Zljehb-Olhlrntaeh Daelhlroy Prebujtaeh eh tml \sl ec Fnhb

nhb Etmlr Tlseurjls 4>0

Lhvarehilhtnf Aipnjt ec Zljehb-Olhlrntaeh Daelhlroy Prebujtaeh 4>>

Hetls 4>>

Npplhbax B; Rmarb-Olhlrntaeh Daelhlroy Prebujtaeh 4>:Hetl 4>?

Ahblx 4::


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vaaa

Dexls

>.> Dfnjg Faquer; Nh Ljeheiajnffy Sandfl nhb Zaohacajnht Zeurjl ec

Daelhlroy >=

>.4 Pudfaj Zuppert cer Daelhlroy Blvlfepilht 4>

4.> Ahvefvaho Zinffmefblrs ah Daelhlroy Prebujtaeh tmreuom Eutorewlr

Zjmlils 0>

:.4 Eh-Cnri nhb Ecc-Cnri Nbnptntaeh Jmnfflhols >02

D.> Zinffmefblr Eppertuhatals cer Pnfi Eaf Prebujtaeh

ah Ahbehlsan >=4

D.4 Ahjeil Olhlrntaeh crei Zinff-Zjnfl Pehonian

Eaf Prebujtaeh 400

J.> Daeculf Prebujtaeh crei Iajrenfonl 401

D E] L Z , C A O \ T L Z , N H B RN D F L Z


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DE]LZ, CAO\TLZ, NHB RNDFLZ ax

Caourls

>.> Daeculfs ah Ahtlrhntaehnf Lhlroy Ztntastajs 1

>.4 Jehtradutaeh ec Daelhlroy te RPLZ, dy Tloaeh, >1?0400< >:

>.: Prekljtlb Daelhlroy Prebujtaeh, dy Rypl, 4002

>.2 Jehtradutaeh ec Zefab, Ons, nhb Faquab Daeculfs te Daelhlroy,

dy Tloaeh, 400< nhb 40:0 >.< Prekljtlb Jehtradutaeh ec Daelhlroy te RPLZ, dy Tloaeh,

4003

4.> RPLZ crei Prainry Zefab Daeinss, dy Tloaeh nhb Rypl, 400< 2:

4.4 RPLZ crei Prainry Zefab Daeinss, dy Tloaeh, >1?0400< 2 Nhhunf Daeltmnhef Jehsuiptaeh cer Culf, dy Tloaeh, >1?

:.4 Prekljtlb Nhhunf Daeltmnhef Jehsuiptaeh cer Culf,

dy Tloaeh, 40>0:0 1:

:.: Nhhunf Daebalslf Jehsuiptaeh, dy Tloaeh, >1?0400= 12

:.2 Prekljtlb Nhhunf Daebalslf Jehsuiptaeh, dy Tloaeh, 40>0:0 13

:.< _erfb Prajls ec Onsefahl, Balslf, Inazl, Tnplsllb Eaf,

nhb Pnfi Eaf, 4001=040>2 >0=

:.? Cessaf Lhlroy Tntae ec Zlfljtlb Faquab Daeculfs >>=


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x DE]LZ, CAO\TLZ, NHB RNDFLZ

N.> Zuonrjnhl, Zuonr, nhb Ltmnhef Prebujtaeh ah Drnzaf,

>110/>11>4003/400? >30

N.: Retnf Jerh Prebujtaeh nhb Prebujtaeh ec Jerh cer Ltmnhef Prebujtaeh

ah tml \hatlb Ztntls, >1=3400? >32

N.2 Nvlrnol Prajl cer \.Z. Jerh, 40040= >3 Prebujtaeh ec Pnfi Eaf dy Ahbehlsan nhb Infnysan,

>110/1>400=/01 >?1

D.4 Inah Jehsuilrs ec Ofednffy Rrnblb Pnfi Eaf, 400?/400= >=0

D.: Iehtmfy Prajl ec Jrubl Pnfi Eaf, 400401 >=0

D.2 Zey Prajls nhb Blcerlstntaeh ah tml Drnzafanh Ninzeh >==

D.< Zjnfl ec Kntrepmn Pfnhtntaehs >12

D.3 Bastradutaeh ec Kntrepmn Pfnhtntaehs, 400= >12

J.> Daejmliajnf nhb Rmlriejmliajnf Jehvlrsaeh Rljmhefeoals cer Prejlssaho

Jlffufesaj Daeinss 403

Rndfls

>.> Rnrolts cer Tlhlwndfl Lhlroy Prebujtaeh, dy Tloaeh, 400= 4?

>.4 Rnrolts cer Culf Ltmnhef Jehsuiptaeh, dy Tloaeh, 400= :0

>.: Rnrolts cer Daebalslf Prebujtaeh nhb Jehsuiptaeh, dy Tloaeh, 400= :2

>.2 Lxnipfls ec Ahjlhtavls \slb te Preietl Faquab Daeculfs ah Lurepl :?

>.< Zudsabals cer Ltmnhef nhb Daebalslf ah Zlfljtlb Fejntaehs, 400? :=

4.> Lstaintlb Jest ec Snraeus Ceris ec Blfavlrlb Daeinss 21

4.4 Lstaintlb Lipfeyilht ah Teuhbweeb Prebujtaeh, 4000


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4.>0 Zuiinry ec Assuls nhb Aipnjts Tlfntlb te Lhlroy Prebujtaeh

crei Zefab Daeinss =:

:.> Daeltmnhef Jehsuiptaeh cer Culf, dy Tloaeh, 40003

:.3 Assuls nhb Aipnjts Tlfntlb te Nfjemef Prebujtaeh crei Jerh, Zuonrjnhl,

Zwllt Zeromui, Jnssnvn, nhb Hypn >01

:.? Assuls nhb Aipnjts Tlfntlb te Daebalslf Prebujtaeh crei Zey, Eaf Pnfi,

Tnplsllb, Kntrepmn, Kekedn, nhb Pehonian >>2

2.> Prekljtlb Nhhunf Jehsuiptaeh nhb Prebujtaeh ec Daelhlroy ah Ncrajn,

4004:

2.4 Prekljtlb Nhhunf Daelhlroy Cllbstejg Tlquarlilhts ah Ncrajn,

4004

2.1 Prekljtlb Nhhunf Jehsuiptaeh nhb Prebujtaeh ec Daelhlroy

ah Zeutm Nsan, 40024

2.>0 Prekljtlb Nhhunf Daelhlroy Cllbstejg Tlquarlilhts

ah Zeutm Nsan, 40022

Rrnbl-Ecc Intrax cer Faquab Daeculfs >21

xaDE]LZ, CAO\TLZ, NHB RNDFLZ


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N.> Zuonrjnhl Prebujtaeh nhb Qalfbs dy Flnbaho Ofednf Prebujlrs,

400?/0= >3:

N.: Jerh-Dnslb Ltmnhef Prebujtaeh, Qalfb, nhb Prajl dy Flnbaho Ofednf

Prebujlrs, 4003 >32

N.2 Lstaintlb Jmnhol ah Orllhmeusl Ons Liassaeh crei Tlpfnjaho

Jehvlhtaehnf Onsefahl watm Jerh Ltmnhef >33

N.< Petlhtanf Ltmnhef Qalfbs dy Cllbstejg ah Ncrajn >3=

N.3 Lstaintlb Barljt Ked Jrlntaeh cer Iljmnhazlb Daeltmnhef Prebujtaeh

crei Zwllt Zeromui ah Drnzaf >31

N.? Jnssnvn Prebujtaeh, Qalfb, nhb Nrln Mnrvlstlb dy Flnbaho Ofednf

Prebujlrs, 400? >?>

D.> _erfb Lbadfl Eaf Lxperts, dy Rypl, 4003/0?400=/01 >?=

D.4 _erfb Pnfi Eaf Prebujtaeh, 4003/0?400=/01 >?1

D.: _erfb Eafsllb Prebujtaeh, 4003/0?400=/01 >===3

D.3 Zey Eaf Jehsuiptaeh ah tml \hatlb Ztntls, 4003/0?400=/01 >=?

D.? _erfb Tnplsllb Eaf Prebujtaeh, dy Prebujlr, 4003/0?400=/01 >10

D.= Lstaintlb Orllhmeusl Ons Liassaeh Tlbujtaehs crei Tnplsllb Daebalslf

vlrsus Jehvlhtaehnf Balslf >14

D.1 Jnrdeh Jehtlht ec Hnturnf Sloltntaeh nhb Kntrepmn Pfnhtntaeh uhblrNftlrhntavl Fnhb-\sl Zjlhnraes >13

D.>0 Jnrdeh Zlqulstrntaeh Petlhtanf ec Pehonian watmah 0-Qlnr

Ahtlrvnfs 40>

D.>> Prekljtlb Snful ec Jnrdeh Zlqulstrntaeh ah Pewlroubn, Ahban,

400:>4 404

J.> Zeurjl ec Daeinss \slb te Prebujl Zljehb-Olhlrntaeh Culfs 403

J.4 Zljehb-Olhlrntaeh Daeculf Cnjafatals ah tml \hatlb Ztntls, 400= 40?

xaa DE]LZ, CAO\TLZ, NHB RNDFLZ


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xaaa

Rml nutmers weufb fagl te tmnhg tml ceffewaho plepfl cer tmlar ahput nhb jei-

ilhts; Inxai Fedevagev (CNE)7 Iajmlf Crnhjelur nhb Rlrlsn Infysmlv (Ahtlr-

hntaehnf Lhlroy Nolhjy)7 FIJ Ahtlrhntaehnf7 Ded Plrfnjg (Eng Tabol Hntaehnf

Fnderntery)7 Nuoustn Iefhnr nhb Nhby _matl (Taomts nhb Tlseurjls Ahatantavl)7

Bnvab Jflnry nhb Keslpm Cnroaehl (Rml Hnturl Jehslrvnhjy)7 Glhhltm Zgeo

(\ZBN Cerlst Zlrvajl)7 Jlrlsl Iurnterl (jehsuftnht)7 nhb _erfb Dnhg jef-

flnouls Onre Dntinhanh (FJZLH), Inrkery-Nhhl Dreimlnb (NTB), Blrlg

Dylrfll (BLJTO), Inrg Jnjgflr (NTB), Baka Jmnhbrnslgmnrnh Dlmr (NTB),

Nhhl Bnvas Oafflt (NTB), Jmras Blfonbe (NTB), Jrastahn Blholf (NTB), Caehhn

Beuofns (NTB), Dnrdnrn Cnrahlffa (FJZLO), Lrajg Clrhnhbls (NTB), Ondralf

Oeebfaccl (NTB), Rebb Kemhseh (FJZLO), Galrnh Glfflmlr (NTB), Insnia

Gekain (JEPJE), Tlhntl Gfelppaholr-Rebb (NTB), Inrg Fuhblff (FJZZB),

Zehan Inbmvnha (NTB), Ornht Iafhl (ZNZBN), Behnfb Iatjmlff (NCRNT),

Nbranhn Ierlarn (FJZLH), Lfazndltm Pltmle (NTB), Gfns Znhblr (LHS), Kaiiy

Ziatm (NTB), nhb Kulrolh Selolfl (NTB).

N J G H E _ F L B O I L H R Z


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xv

Lfazndltm Jusmaeh as n ilidlr ec tml cerlst tlni nt tml _erfb Dnhg. Zml

mefbs DZ blorlls ah lhvarehilhtnf rlseurjl inhnolilht nhb ljefeoy crei

tml Plhhsyfvnhan Ztntl \havlrsaty nhb n Instlrs ec Lhvarehilhtnf Inhnol-

ilht blorll crei Bugl \havlrsaty. Mlr werg nt tml _erfb Dnhg mns cejuslb

eh daelhlroy, duafbaho cerlst pnrthlrsmaps, nhb tml refl ec cerlsts ah nbnptaho

te jfaintl jmnhol.

Nbranh _matlinh as nh ljeheiast ah tml Cerlstry Blpnrtilht ec tml Ceeb

nhb Norajufturl Eronhazntaeh (CNE). Ml mefbs n DN ah ljeheiajs crei tml

\havlrsaty ec Flajlstlr nhb n PmB ah ljeheiajs crei tml \havlrsaty ec

Lbahdurom. Mas werg nt tml CNE cejusls eh nhnfysas ec casjnf pefajals ah tml

cerlstry sljter, suppfy nhb blinhb cerljnstaho, vnfuntaeh ec hehweeb oeebs

nhb slrvajls, nhb ahvlstilht npprnasnf.

Olrmnrb Baltlrfl as tml cerlstry nbvaser cer tml _erfb Dnhg. Ml as n Olrinh

hntaehnf nhb mns 42 ylnrs ec lxplralhjl ah hntaehnf nhb ahtlrhntaehnf cerlst

nhb lhvarehilhtnf pefajals, blvlfepilht pefajals, nhb prekljts rlfntaho te

sustnahndfl cerlst inhnolilht cer cerlst jehslrvntaeh. Ml mns nfse slrvlb ns

n ilidlr ec tml Lureplnh Jeiiassaeh Cerlst Jlrtacajntaeh Nbvasery

Oreup, Mnzl Lilrolhjy Jeerbahnter cer OR[ cer Ahbehlsan, ns n fljturlr cer

sustnahndfl cerlst inhnolilht nt tml Crladuro Cerlst Cnjufty, nhb ns n javaf

slrvnht ah tml Olrinh Iahastry cer Ceeb nhb Norajufturl nhb Cerlstry.

N D E \ R R M L N \ R M E T Z


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xvaa

NTB Norajufturl nhb Turnf Blvlfepilht

JACET Jlhtlr cer Ahtlrhntaehnf Cerlstry Tlslnrjm

JE4 jnrdeh baexabl

JE4l jnrdeh baexabl lquavnflht

L>0 culf iaxturl ec >0 plrjlht ltmnhef nhb 10 plrjlht

onsefahl

L=< culf iaxturl ec =< plrjlht ltmnhef nhb >< plrjlht

onsefahl

LAN Lhlroy Ahcerintaeh Nbiahastrntaeh

CNE Ceeb nhb Norajufturl Eronhazntaeh

CRL cuff-tail lquavnflht

OK oaonkeufl

ALN Ahtlrhntaehnf Lhlroy Nolhjy

GREL tmeusnhb tehhls eaf lquavnflht

g_m gafewntt meur

f fatlr

FPO faquacalb pltreflui ons

i: judaj iltlr

IK ilonkeufl

IR iltraj tehhl

IREL iaffaeh tehhls ec eaf lquavnflht

I_ ilonwntt

H4E hatreus exabl

N D D T L S A N R A E H Z


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xvaaa

HLD hlt lhlroy dnfnhjl

HOE hehoevlrhilhtnf eronhazntaeh

REL tehhls ec eaf lquavnflht

RPLZ tetnf prainry lhlroy suppfy

\HJRNB \hatlb Hntaehs Jehclrlhjl eh Rrnbl nhb Blvlfepilht

_ME _erfb Mlnftm Eronhazntaeh

(Nff beffnrs caourls nrl \.Z. beffnrs.)

NDDTLSANRAEHZ


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R

mas rlpert evlrvalws rljlht blvlfepilhts ah tml jehsuiptaeh nhb

prebujtaeh ec daelhlroy. At lxniahls tml inah assuls nhb pessadfl lje-

heiaj aipfajntaehs ec tmlsl blvlfepilhts nhb nsslssls tmlar petlhtanf

aipnjt eh fnhb usl nhb tml lhvarehilht, lspljanffy watm rlspljt te cerlsts. Rml

rlpert lxniahls detm sefab daeinss nhb faquab daeculfs, ablhtacyaho eppertu-

hatals nhb jmnfflhols nt tml rloaehnf nhb jeuhtry flvlfs. Rml rlpert bels het

jfnai te dl blcahatavl, lspljanffy watm rlspljt te tml jehtrevlrsanf ahtlrpfny ec

assuls sujm ns tml aipnjt ec daelhlroy eh ceeb prajls. Ahstlnb, at ablhtacals tml

trnbleccs tmnt hllb te dl lxniahlb ah jehsablraho daelhlroy pefajals.

Rml pnst 0 ylnrs mnvl sllh n streho rlsurolhjl ec ahtlrlst ah daelhlroy,

nfeho watm tml ornbunf blvlfepilht ec ierl ieblrh nhb lccajalht daelhlroy

prebujtaeh systlis. Rmas rlsurolhjl mns dllh bravlh dy slvlrnf cnjters,

ahjfubaho maomlr eaf prajls, ahstndafaty ah eaf-prebujaho rloaehs, tml smact ec

cahnhjanf ahvlstilhts ahte jeiiebatals nhb eaf ah 400?0=, lxtrlil wlntmlr

lvlhts, nhb suroaho lhlroy blinhb crei blvlfepaho jeuhtrals. Etmlr bravlrs

dlmahb daeculf prebujtaeh ahjfubl beilstaj norajufturnf suppert preornis,

blinhb cer slfc-suppfy ec lhlroy jeiiebatals, iataontaeh ec jfaintl jmnhol,

nhb tml dlfalc tmnt daeculfs nrl flss lxplhsavl tmnh cessaf culfs.

Daelhlroy systlis prlslht eppertuhatals cer jeuhtrals watm fnhb rlseurjls

suatndfl cer lhlroy jrep juftavntaeh te blvlfep n hntaehnf seurjl ec rlhlwndfl

lhlroy (nhb pessadfy prevabl nbbataehnf lxpert rlvlhuls). Iest jeuhtrals

lhjeurnoaho daelhlroy blvlfepilht mnvl nt flnst ehl ec tml ceffewaho pefajy

edkljtavls; te ahjrlnsl lhlroy sljuraty, staiufntl rurnf blvlfepilht, rlbujl

>

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tml aipnjt ec lhlroy usl eh jfaintl jmnhol, er aiprevl tml lhvarehilht

ierl olhlrnffy.

Rml blvlfepilht ec daelhlroy prlslhts detm eppertuhatals nhb jmnfflhols

cer ljeheiaj blvlfepilht nhb tml lhvarehilht. At as faglfy te mnvl saohacajnht

aipnjts eh tml cerlst sljter, barljtfy, tmreuom tml usl ec weeb cer lhlroy pre-

bujtaeh, nhb ahbarljtfy, ns n rlsuft ec jmnhols ah fnhb usl. Rml aipnjt ecdaelhlroy eh pevlrty nfflvantaeh ah blvlfepaho jeuhtrals waff blplhb eh tml

eppertuhatals cer norajufturnf blvlfepilht, ahjfubaho ahjeil nhb lipfey-

ilht olhlrntaeh, tml petlhtanf te ahjrlnsl peer plepfls njjlss te aiprevlb

typls ec daelhlroy7 nhb tml lccljts eh lhlroy nhb ceeb prajls.

Daelhlroy jnh jrlntl eppertuhatals cer ahjeil nhb lipfeyilht olhlrn-

taeh, nhb at jnh ahjrlnsl peer plepfls njjlss te aiprevlb typls ec lhlroy. Dut

saohacajnht jehjlrhs rlinah ndeut ats lccljt eh jeidntaho jfaintl jmnhol nhb

tml lhvarehilht7 eh norajufturl, ceeb sljuraty, nhb sustnahndfl cerlst inhnol-

ilht7 nhb eh plepfl, pnrtajufnrfy tml peer plepfl ah blvlfepaho jeuhtrals wmewaff dl nccljtlb dy tml jmnhols ah fnhb usl, fnhb tlhurl, nhb fnhb raomts at waff

draho ndeut.

OLHLTNF CAHBAHOZ

Cavl inah ilssnols lilrol crei tmas rlpert;

Zefab daeinss waff jehtahul te dl n prahjapnf seurjl ec lhlroy. At smeufb het dlevlrfeeglb. Ofednffy, prainry sefab daeinss (detm trnbataehnf nhb ieblrh

usls cer mlnt nhb lhlroy prebujtaeh) njjeuhtlb cer ierl tmnh 1< plrjlht

ec tetnf prainry lhlroy suppfy (RPLZ) crei daelhlroy ah 400


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Rmlrl as jehsablrndfl petlhtanf cer ingaho orlntlr usl ec cerlstry nhb taidlr

wnstl ns n daelhlroy cllbstejg. Prejlssaho cnjafatals jnh dl blvlfeplb tmnt

slrvl ierl tmnh ehl purpesl. Zeil taidlr nhb daeculf eplrntaehs nrl

nfrlnby lhlroy slfc-succajalht ns n rlsuft ec je-caraho. Feooaho nhb iaffaho

wnstls crei trnbataehnf taidlr eplrntaehs prevabl nbbataehnf eppertuhatals

cer mlnt nhb pewlr olhlrntaeh, pnrtajufnrfy ah blvlfepaho jeuhtrals, wmlrlwnstl prebujts nrl het cuffy utafazlb.

Rml jfaintl dlhlcats ec daelhlroy blvlfepilht nrl uhjlrtnah nhb maomfy fejn-

taeh nhb cllbstejg spljacaj. Orllhmeusl ons rlbujtaehs crei faquab daeculfs

nhb sefab daeinss vlrsus cessaf culfs rnhol wablfy, blplhbaho eh wmajm jrep

as uslb nhb wmlrl at as pfnhtlb. Iest lstaintls be het tngl ahte njjeuht

liassaehs crei fnhb jehvlrsaehs, hatreus exabl liassaehs crei blornbntaeh

ec jrep rlsabuls buraho daefeoajnf hatreolh caxntaeh, er liassaehs crei

hatreolh clrtafazlr. _mlh tmlsl liassaehs nrl njjeuhtlb cer, tml trul vnful ec

liassaehs rlbujtaehs as ectlh saohacajnhtfy fewlr cer inhy cllbstejgsnhbjnh lvlh olhlrntl maomlr liassaehs tmnh cessaf culfs.

TLOAEHNF CAHBAHOZ

Rml jmeajl ec n cllbstejg nhb tml sataho ec n daeculf prebujtaeh cnjafaty nrl

aipertnht bljasaehs tmnt smeufb dl dnslb eh tml oenfs n jeuhtry as mepaho te

njmalvl crei daelhlroy prebujtaeh. Rmlsl oenfs waff vnry njress ns wlff ns

watmah rloaehs. Rmas rlpert ablhtacals spljacaj assuls tmnt pefajy inglrs ah bac-clrlht rloaehs smeufb jehsablr.

Ncrajn

Oavlh tml maom flvlf ec ahtlrlst nhb ahvlstilht ah njquaraho fnhb eh wmajm te

blvlfep detm faquab daeculf nhb sefab daeinss culfs, at as aipertnht cer jeuh-

trals ah Ncrajn te lvnfuntl tml petlhtanf aipnjts ah bltnaf nhb pfnh nppreprantl

rlspehsls. Ehjl ahvlstilhts nrl inbl, tmly hllb te dl inhnolb ah wnys tmnt

rlbujl detm tml petlhtanf cer fnhb jehcfajts nhb hlontavl lccljts eh tml peer.

Nhetmlr aipertnht jehsablrntaeh ah Ncrajn as tml jehtahulb blplhblhjl ehtrnbataehnf weebculf ns n seurjl ec lhlroy. Iujm werg mns dllh behl eh tml

tepaj ec lhlroy njjlssadafaty ah tmas rloaeh, tmreuom usl ec lhmnhjlb stevls nhb

culfweeb pfnhtntaehs (ahjfubaho ah tml cerlst peer rloaehs ec tml Znmlf). Rmlrl

nrl eppertuhatals te ceffew up eh seil ec tmlsl preornis.

_ntlr as sjnrjl ah Ncrajn. Jnrl smeufb dl tnglh te slfljt daelhlroy systlis

tmnt waff het jrlntl jehcfajts evlr wntlr usl.

Lnst Nsan nhb Pnjacaj

N inker jehjlrh ah Lnst Nsan nhb Pnjacaj as tml lccljt ec jehvlrtaho cerlsts

ahte daeculf pfnhtntaehs. Pefajy inglrs hllb te ablhtacy eppertuhatals te

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ahjrlnsl daeculf prebujtaeh watmeut jflnraho plntfnhb er clffaho hnturnf

cerlsts, detm ec wmajm ahjrlnsl jnrdeh liassaehs. Oavlh tml saohacajnht petlh-

tanf cer fnhb-usl jehcfajts ah seil jeuhtrals ah tmas rloaeh, fejnf pnrtajapntaeh

ah daelhlroy prebujtaeh nhb blvlfepilht waff nfse dl jratajnf. Eppertuhatals

te usl daeinss wnstls ns nh lhlroy seurjl npplnr te dl saohacajnht nhb smeufb

dl ahvlstaontlb.

Lurepl nhb Jlhtrnf Nsan

Daelhlroy prebujtaeh as iahainf ah Lurepl nhb Jlhtrnf Nsan nhb as het lxpljtlb

te orew saohacajnhtfy. Rmlrl iny dl seil eppertuhatals te lxpert weeb plfflts

(lspljanffy tmesl inbl crei wnstl prebujts) te tml Lureplnh \haeh.

Fntah Nilrajn nhb tml Jnraddlnh

Fntah Nilrajn as peaslb te dljeil ehl ec tml prahjapnf ofednf hlt lxpertlrsec faquab daeculfs nhb daeculf cllbstejgs, ahjfubaho detm ltmnhef crei suonr-

jnhl nhb eaf cllbstejgs sujm ns pnfi nhb sey eaf. Lxpnhsaeh ec prebujtaeh,

mewlvlr, blplhbs eh maom prliauis ndevl jrep prajls pnab dy jeuhtrals

watm daeculf inhbntls; uhjlrtnahty as jurrlhtfy tee orlnt cer blvlfeplrs te

ahvlst ah eaf sllb prebujtaeh dnslb eh lxtlrhnf inrglts nhb pefatajnffy bltlr-

iahlb prajl prliauis.

Zustnahndafaty jratlran jeufb mlfp lhsurl tmnt prebujtaeh ec daeculfs ah Fntah

Nilrajn nhb tml Jnraddlnh bels het jeil nt tml lxplhsl ec cerlsts er etmlr

fnhb usls tmnt weufb jnhjlf eut tml orllhmeusl ons dlhlcats ec daeculfs. At waffnfse dl aipertnht te lxpferl eppertuhatals te ierl cuffy ahjerperntl sinff-

mefblrs ahte daelhlroy prebujtaeh.

Iabbfl Lnst nhb Hertm Ncrajn

Oavlh tml bry jehbataehs nhb surpfus ec eaf rlseurjls ah tmas rloaeh, daelhlroy

as uhfaglfy te pfny n fnrol refl. Rmlrl iny dl seil eppertuhatals cer sinff-

sjnfl prebujtaeh ec daeculfs ns n pnrt ec n drenblr rurnf blvlfepilht pfnhs

tmnt usl jreps nbnptlb cer bry fnhb jehbataehs (wmajm iny nfse mlfp jeidntblslrtacajntaeh).

Zeutm Nsan

Daelhlroy lxpnhsaeh ah Zeutm Nsan ectlh tnrolts blornblb fnhb tmnt as nfrlnby

dlaho uslb, petlhtanffy flnbaho te fnhb-usl jehcfajts. Fnhb-usl nsslssilht as

jratajnf te bltlriahaho wmlrl daelhlroy blvlfepilht as dlst suatlb.

Daelhlroy prebujtaeh ah tmas rloaeh smeufb dl dnfnhjlb ah tml usl ec wntlr

rlseurjls. Jreps tmnt nrl pfnhtlb eh bryfnhbs smeufb het uhblroe arraontaeh te

ahjrlnsl yalfbs, ns arraontaho sujm jreps jeufb curtmlr blpfltl rlseurjls nhb mnstml petlhtanf te jrlntl jehcfajts watm etmlr wntlr uslrs.

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PEFAJQ AIPFAJNRAEHZ

Rml fejnf, hntaehnf, rloaehnf, nhb ofednf aipfajntaehs ec daeculfs nrl vnst. Cer

tmas rlnseh, pefajy inglrs ah detm jehsuilr nhb prebujlr jeuhtrals hllb te

jnrlcuffy wlaom tmlar bljasaehs.

Aipfajntaehs cer Jehsuilr Jeuhtrals

Jeuhtrals tmnt jehsuil daeculfs smeufb jehsablr tml upstrlni aipnjts ec

tmlar daelhlroy inhbntls nhb tnrolts, ahjfubaho tml sejanf nhb lhvarehilhtnf

lccljts. Rml Lureplnh \haeh mns nfrlnby dlouh basjussaehs rlonrbaho tml

petlhtanf lhvarehilhtnf aipfajntaehs tmlar stnhbnrbs waff mnvl ah prebujlr

jeuhtrals nhb wmnt tmesl aipfajntaehs iny ilnh cer L\ tnrolts. Jehsuilr

jeuhtrals jnh mlfp bravl tml blvlfepilht ec daeculf prebujtaeh stnhbnrbs

(tmreuom ceruis sujm ns tml reuhbtndfl eh sustnahndfl daeculfs). Rmly jnh nfsepurjmnsl daebalslf ehfy crei prebujlrs tmnt nfrlnby illt prlvaeusfy lstnd-

fasmlb stnhbnrbs (sujm ns tmesl norllb te nt tml reuhbtndfls eh sustnahndfl sey

nhb sustnahndfl pnfi eaf).

Aipfajntaehs cer Prebujlr Jeuhtrals

Prebujlr jeuhtrals smeufb dnfnhjl prebujtaeh tnrolts watm lhvarehilhtnf

nhb sejanf jehjlrhs, ahjfubaho jehjlrhs ndeut ceeb sljuraty. Rmly hllb te

wlaom tml trnbleccs nssejantlb watm daelhlroy prebujtaeh ah bltlriahaho tml

nppreprantl cllbstejg cer n pnrtajufnr fejntaeh. Zeil rloaehnf jratlran iny nfsehllb te dl nppfalb, dljnusl tml lhvarehilhtnf rasgs nssejantlb watm lxpnhbaho

daeculf prebujtaeh iny dl vlry few ah seil nrlns nhb vlry maom ah etmlrs.

Ahvlsters nhb blvlfepilht eronhazntaehs jnh mlfp bravl ahvlstilhts ahte cllb-

stejgs tmnt illt dlst prnjtajls cer lhvarehilhtnf, sejanf, nhb jfaintl jmnhol

jehsablrntaehs.

Rml usl ec weeb plfflts nhb faquab daeculfs as lxpljtlb te ahjrlnsl ah blvlf-

eplb nhb seil blvlfepaho jeuhtrals. Rmas orewtm ah blinhb waff het dl ilt

watmeut aiperts, ahjfubaho crei tml trepajs. Prebujtaeh ec daelhlroy jeufb

ahjrlnsl prlssurls eh fnhb nhb fejnf pepufntaehs ac sustnahndfl prebujtaehsjmlils nrl het nbeptlb.

Rml prebujtaeh ec jehvlhtaehnf daelhlroy blvlfepilht (nt detm fnrol nhb

sinff sjnfls) iny prevabl lipfeyilht nhb ahjeil eppertuhatals cer tml

peer. Etmlr eptaehs smeufb nfse dl stubalb, ahjfubaho tml prebujtaeh ec

daejmnr. Ahjrlnslb prebujtaeh ec dfnjg faquer (n dy-prebujt ec tml pufpaho

prejlss) nhb nbeptaeh ec ieblrh stevls iny nfse mlfp te aiprevl tml favls ec

tml peer.

Ljeheials ec sjnfl jeufb bravl daelhlroy tewnrb fnrol prebujtaeh sjmlils.

Eppertuhatals te ahjerperntl sinff-sjnfl prebujlrs ahte daelhlroy prebujtaehsystlis hllb te dl ahvlstaontlb ah erblr te inxaiazl sejanf dlhlcats.

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Rml \hjlrtnah Cuturl

Iujm ndeut tml cuturl ec daelhlroy blvlfepilht rlinahs uhjflnr. Ceeb

jreps iny jehtahul te dl tml prainry cllbstejg cer daelhlroy ah tml cuturl.

Nftlrhntavlfy, hlw tljmhefeoals iny preietl ornssls, trlls, nhb rlsabuls

(faohejlffufesls) ns tml prahjapnf cllbstejgs, iutaho clnrs tmnt tml ahjrlnslbusl ec daeculfs waff rnasl ceeb prajls. Blvlfepilhts nrl ievaho cerwnrb nt

n rnpab pnjl, watm sudstnhtanf ahvlstilht dy detm oevlrhilhts nhb pravntl

jeipnhals. Dut blspatl sujm ahvlstilht, prebujaho daeculfs crei hehceeb

jreps as het lxpljtlb te dl jeiilrjanffy vandfl cer nhetmlr 0 ylnrs.

Tljlht stubals suoolst tmnt seet rlflnslb crei durhaho weebculfs, ahbus-

try, cnriaho, nhb trnhspertntaeh iny jehtradutl ierl te jfaintl jmnhol tmnh

eraoahnffy tmeuomt. Curtmlr nhnfysas as hllblb te uhblrstnhb tmas petlhtanffy

aipertnht seurjl ec ofednf wnriaho.

Ns n rlsuft ec vnraeus ahatantavls dlaho blvlfeplb te rlbujl jnrdeh liassaehsnhb lhvarehilhtnf blornbntaehahjfubaho pnyilhts cer lhvarehilhtnf slr-

vajls, jnrdeh inrglts, nhb daelhlroy blvlfepilhtshlw blinhbs nrl dlaho

pfnjlb eh lhvarehilhtnf oeebs nhb slrvajls, nhb fnhbs (ahjfubaho cerlsts) nrl

dlaho nssaohlb iehltnry vnful. Rmlsl ahatantavls iny prevabl hlw eppertuha-

tals cer ahjeil olhlrntaeh nhb ked jrlntaeh. Rmly nrl nfse faglfy te nttrnjt

ahvlsters. Re prlvlht ahvlstilht uhblr tmlsl ahatantavls crei uhblriahaho tml

raomts ec tml peerdy rlbujaho tmlar njjlss te fnhb nhb tmlar ndafaty te sljurl

prebujts, cer lxnipflhlw ahatantavls smeufb lhsurl tml pnrtajapntaeh nhb

pretljt tml fnhb raomts ec tml plepfl nfrlnby favaho ah tnroltlb nrlns.Crei n jfaintl jmnhol plrspljtavl, n sustnahndfy prebujlb daelhlroy suppfy

iny prevabl n preiasaho sudstatutl cer hehrlhlwndfl lhlroy seurjls. Oavlh

tmas, ns wlff ns tml jehtahulb aipertnhjl ec trnbataehnf daelhlroy ah blvlfepaho

jeuhtrals, feho-tlri sustnahndfl usl nhb inhnolilht ec daelhlroy rlseurjls

smeufb rljlavl nppreprantl nttlhtaeh ah n cuturl jfaintl jmnhol rloail.

Oavlh tml petlhtanf jmnhols ah fnhb usl ablhtacalb ah tmas rlpert nhb tml

aipnjt daelhlroy iny mnvl eh hnturnf nhb norajufturnf fnhbs, at as jrujanf tmnt

fnhb-usl nhnfysls dl jehbujtlb cer jeuhtrals tmnt pfnh te aipflilht fnrol-

sjnfl daelhlroy prebujtaeh. At weufb nfse dl uslcuf te ablhtacy wmajm jeuhtralsmnvl tml orlntlst eppertuhaty te usl weeb rlsabuls ns n seurjl ec lhlroy nhb

te nhnfyzl tml cuff petlhtanf ec weeb rlsabuls cer lhlroy olhlrntaeh.



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R

ml pnst 0 ylnrs mnvl sllh n streho rlsurolhjl ec ahtlrlst ah daelh-lroy, nfeho watm tml ornbunf blvlfepilht ec ierl ieblrh nhb lcca-jalht daelhlroy prebujtaeh systlis. Rml jmnhol mns dllh bravlh dy

slvlrnf cnjters, ahjfubaho daeculf inhbntls, maomlr eaf prajls nhb ahstndafaty aheaf-prebujaho rloaehs, tml smact ec ahvlstilht tewnrb jeiiebatals nhb eaf ah400?0=, lxtrlil wlntmlr lvlhts, nhb suroaho lhlroy blinhb crei blvlfep-aho jeuhtrals. Etmlr bravlrs dlmahb daeculf prebujtaeh ahjfubl beilstajnorajufturnf suppert preornis, blinhb cer slfc-suppfy ec lhlroy jeiieba-tals, nhb tml dlfalc tmnt sujm culfs nrl flss lxplhsavl tmnh cessaf culfs. Ahrlspehsl te tmlsl cnjters, inhy jeuhtrals mnvl dlouh te lxpferl daelhlroynftlrhntavls. Nftmeuom trnbataehnf culfs rlinah aipertnht ah iest blvlfepahojeuhtrals, seil blvlfepaho jeuhtrals nfse mnvl nidataehs te ahjrlnsl rlhlw-ndfl lhlroy prebujtaeh, ahjfubaho daelhlroy.

Iest jeuhtrals lhjeurnoaho daelhlroy blvlfepilht mnvl nt flnst ehl ec tmlceffewaho pefajy edkljtavls; te ahjrlnsl lhlroy sljuraty, staiufntl rurnf blvlf-epilht, rlbujl tml aipnjt ec lhlroy usl eh jfaintl jmnhol, nhb aiprevl tmllhvarehilht ierl olhlrnffy. Tljlhtfy, nttlhtaeh mns dllh oavlh prlbeia-hnhtfy te tml prebujtaeh ec faquab daeculfs tmnt sudstatutl cer eaf-blravlbtrnhspert culfs, dut tmlrl mns nfse dllh ahjrlnslb ahtlrlst ah ieblrh systliscer mlnt nhb lhlroy prebujtaeh usaho sefab daeinss ah rloaehs sujm nsLurepl. Zeil ec tml fnrolr blvlfepaho jeuhtrals nrl nfse ahtlrlstlb ah usahofaquab daeculfs te rlbujl aiperts ec eaf-blravlb culfs er te lxpert tmli teblvlfeplb jeuhtrals.

?

Evlrvalw

J M N P R L T E H L


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Daelhlroy blvlfepilhts prlslht detm eppertuhatals nhb jmnfflhols cerljeheiaj blvlfepilht nhb tml lhvarehilht. Rmly nfse mnvl petlhtanfaipnjts eh cerlsts nhb tml rurnf peer wme blplhb eh cerlsts cer tmlar favlfa-meebs. Daelhlroy jnh jrlntl eppertuhatals cer ahjeil nhb lipfeyilhtolhlrntaeh, nhb at jnh ahjrlnsl peer plepfls njjlss te aiprevlb typls ec

lhlroy. Dut orewaho daelhlroy jehsuiptaeh as faglfy te rlsuft ah ahjrlnslbjeipltataeh cer fnhb, wmajm jeufb rlbujl tml evlrnff qunfaty ec tml lhvareh-ilht nhb rlstrajt peer plepfls njjlss te rlseurjls.

Rml tljmhefeoy cer carst-olhlrntaeh daeculfs (jlrlnf nhb eaf jreps) as wlfflstndfasmlb7 inker drlngtmreuoms ah tmas nrln nrl uhfaglfy. Ah jehtrnst, tml blvlf-epilht ec sljehb-olhlrntaeh tljmhefeoy as ievaho cerwnrb nt n rnpab pnjl,cuhblb dy detm oevlrhilhts nhb pravntl jeipnhals. Nftmeuom tmas tljmhefeoyas het lxpljtlb te dl jeiilrjanffy vandfl cer nhetmlr 0 ylnrs, bliehstrntaeh-sjnfl pfnhts nrl nfrlnby eplrntaho (prahjapnffy ah blvlfeplb jeuhtrals). Inker

drlngtmreuoms ah tljmhefeoy jeufb ilnh tmnt tmlsl culfs dljeil ljeheiajnffyclnsadfl iujm lnrfalr tmnh lxpljtlb. Ehjl blvlfeplb, sujm tljmhefeoy jeufb smacttml cejus nwny crei ceeb cllbstejgs (tml suppfalr ec carst-olhlrntaeh culfs)tewnrb jlffufesaj seurjls, ahjfubaho ornssls nhb weeb (faglfy te dl prebujlb ntnh ahbustranf sjnfl eh norajufturnf fnhbs er crei cerlstry prejlssaho wnstls). Zujmn smact weufb mnvl inker aipfajntaehs cer tml cerlstry sljter.

Rmas jmnptlr as eronhazlb ns ceffews. Rml carst sljtaeh blsjradls tml inah typlsec daelhlroy. Rml ceffewaho sljtaehs lxniahl tml jehtradutaeh ec daelhlroy tetetnf prainry lhlroy suppfy7 tml eutfeeg cer daelhlroy jehsuiptaeh7 tml cerjls

nccljtaho daelhlroy blvlfepilht7 jehjlrhs ndeut daelhlroy blvlfepilht7 nhbpefajals, tnrolts, nhb ahstruilhts. Rml fnst sljtaeh blsjradls tml eronhazntaeh,bntn seurjls, nhb iltmebefeoy nhb npprenjm ec tml rlst ec tml rlpert.

INAH RQPLZ EC DAELHLTOQ

Rml Ceeb nhb Norajufturl Eronhazntaeh (CNE) blcahls daelhlroy ns nff lhlroyblravlb crei daeculfs, wmajm nrl culfs blravlb crei daeinss (tmnt as, inttlr ec

daefeoajnf eraoah) (CNE 4002). Rml CNE blcahataeh ec daeculfs sudbavabls tmli dytypl (sefab, faquab, nhb ons) nhb dy eraoah (cerlst, norajufturl, nhb iuhajapnfwnstl). At hetls tmnt daeculfs crei cerlsts nhb norajufturl (weebculf nhb noreculf)jnh jeil crei n wabl rnhol ec seurjls, ahjfubaho cerlsts, cnris, spljanffy orewhlhlroy jreps, nhb wnstl nctlr mnrvlstaho er prejlssaho ec weeb er ceeb jreps.

Rml inah seurjl ec ofednf lhlroy stntastajs as tml Ahtlrhntaehnf LhlroyNolhjy (ALN). Ats stntastajs be het cuffy jnpturl CNEs flvlf ec bltnaf nhb nrlblcahlb sfaomtfy bacclrlhtfy. Daeculfs ah lhlroy stntastajs jeiprasl prainry sefabdaeinss, daeons, faquab daeculfs, nhb seil iuhajapnf wnstl (caourl >.>).

Retnf prainry lhlroy suppfy (RPLZ) as tml tetnf nieuht ec prainry lhlroyjehsuilb dy n jeuhtry te illt ats lhlroy hllbs.> At as tml dnsaj ilnsurl eclhlroy jehsuiptaeh uslb dy pefajy inglrs. At as usunffy ilnsurlb ah iaffaehtehhl ec eaf lquavnflht (IREL). Cer lnjm ec tml inah typls ec prainry lhlroy,

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1

Caourl >.> Daeculfs ah Ahtlrhntaehnf Lhlroy Ztntastajs

(Cessaf culfs)

Rrnbataehnf usls (iestfy rlsablhtanf) culfweeb (carlweeb) jmnrjenf buho jrep rlsabuls (strnw, rajl musgs)

onspltreflui

prebujtsjrubl eaf hujflnr mybre

oletmlrinf,

sefnr, etmlr

Jeipehlhts ec Retnf Prainry Lhlroy Zuppfy (RPLZ) ah Ahtlrhntaehnf Lh

jenf

(Tlhlwndfls nhb w

iuhajapnf

wnstlmybre

sefnr

tmlrinfoletmlrinf

faquab

daeculfsdaeons

prainry

sefab

daeinss

ahbustranf

wnstl

Jeipehlhts ec rlhlwndfls nhb wnstl ah ahtlrhntaehnf lhlroy st

(Daeculfs)(Pnrtfy dae)

Inah typls nhb sudjntloerals ec daeculfs ahjfublb ah tmas stu

Ieblrh usls (iestfy ahbustranf) dfnjg faquer jeiilrajnf mlnt nhb pewlr olhlrntaeh weeb plfflt mlntaho systlis

Prainry sefab daeinss

Carst olhlrntaeh ltmnhef crei suonrs nhb daebalslf crei eaf sllbs

Zeurjl; Nutmers, dnslb eh CNE nhb ALN blcahataehs.


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RPLZ as jnfjufntlb ns prebujtaeh pfus aiperts nhb stejg jmnhols flss lxpertsnhb trnhsclrs te ahtlrhntaehnf inrahl duhglrs (\H >1=?). Nt tml jeuhtry flvlf,at nfse ahjfubls hlt trnbl ah lfljtrajaty dltwllh jeuhtrals.

RPLZ jeiprasls tml ceur inah typls ec cessaf culf (jenf, jrubl eaf, pltrefluiprebujts, nhb ons)7 hujflnr culf7 rlhlwndfls nhb wnstl7 pewlr olhlrntlb crei

mlnt puips7 nhb hlt lfljtrajaty trnbl (ac nppfajndfl). Daeculfs nrl n sudjntloeryec rlhlwndfls nhb wnstl.

Tlhlwndfls nhb wnstl nrl bavablb ahte >> sudjntloerals, ahjfubaho 3 typls eclhlroy crei hnturnf cerjls (oletmlrinf, sefnr tmlrinf, mybrepewlr, sefnr pmete-veftnajs, tabnf/wnvl/ejlnh, nhb wahb) nhb < inah typls ec culf jnfflb jeidustadflrlhlwndfls nhb wnstl. ALN blcahls jeidustadfl rlhlwndfls nhb wnstl ns iuhaj-apnf wnstl, ahbustranf wnstl, prainry sefab daeinss, daeons, nhb faquab daeculfs.4

Iuhajapnf wnstl; _nstl prebujlb dy meuslmefbs, ahbustry, mespatnfs, nhb

tml tlrtanry sljter tmnt as jeffljtlb dy fejnf nutmeratals nhb ahjahlrntlb ntspljacaj ahstnffntaehs. Iuhajapnf wnstl as sudbavablb ahte rlhlwndfl nhbhehrlhlwndfl wnstl, blplhbaho upeh wmltmlr tml intlranf as daeblornb-ndfl.: Rml qunhtaty ec culf uslb smeufb dl rlpertlb eh n hlt jnferacajvnful dnsas.

Ahbustranf wnstl; _nstl ec ahbustranf hehrlhlwndfl eraoah (sefabs er faquabs)jeidustlb barljtfy cer tml prebujtaeh ec lfljtrajaty er mlnt. Tlhlwndflahbustranf wnstl smeufb dl rlpertlb ah tml sefab daeinss, daeons, er faquabdaeculfs jntloerals. Rml qunhtaty ec culf uslb smeufb dl rlpertlb eh n hlt

jnferacaj vnful dnsas. Prainry sefab daeinss; Eronhaj, hehcessaf intlranf ec daefeoajnf eraoah tmnt

iny dl uslb ns culf cer mlnt prebujtaeh er lfljtrajaty olhlrntaeh. At jeipraslsjmnrjenf nhb weeb, weeb wnstl, nhb etmlr sefab wnstl. Jmnrjenf jevlrs tmlsefab rlsabul ec tml blstrujtavl bastaffntaeh nhb pyrefysas ec weeb nhb etmlrvloltnf intlranf. _eeb, weeb wnstl, nhb etmlr sefab wnstl jevlrs purpesl-orewh lhlroy jreps (pepfnr, waffew, nhb etmlr jreps)7 n iuftatubl ec weebyintlranfs olhlrntlb dy ahbustranf prejlssls (ah tml weeb/pnplr ahbustry ahpnrtajufnr) er prevablb barljtfy dy cerlstry nhb norajufturl (carlweeb, weeb

jmaps, dnrg, snwbust, smnvahos, jmaps, dfnjg faquer, nhb se certm)7 nhb wnstlsujm ns dnonssl, strnw, rajl musgs, hut smlffs, peuftry fattlr, nhb jrusmlb ornplbrlos. Jeidustaeh as tml prlclrrlb tljmhefeoy cer tmas sefab wnstl. Rml qunh-taty ec culf uslb smeufb dl rlpertlb eh n hlt jnferacaj vnful dnsas.

Daeons; Ons jeipeslb prahjapnffy ec iltmnhl nhb jnrdeh baexabl (JE4)prebujlb dy nhnlredaj baolstaeh ec daeinss. At ahjfubls fnhbcaff ons, slwnolsfubol ons, nhb etmlr daeons. Fnhbcaff ons as cerilb dy tml baolstaeh ec wnstlah fnhbcaffs. Zlwnol sfubol ons as prebujlb crei tml nhnlredaj clrilhtntaehec slwnol sfubol. Etmlr daeons ahjfubls ons prebujlb crei tml nhnlredaj

clrilhtntaeh ec nhainf sfurrals nhb ec wnstl ah ndnttears, drlwlrals nhbetmlr noreceeb ahbustrals. Rml qunhtaty ec tmlsl culfs uslb smeufb dlrlpertlb eh n hlt jnferacaj vnful dnsas.

>0 DAELHLTOQ BLSLFEPILHR


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Faquab daeculfs; Daeonsefahl, daebalslf, nhb etmlr faquab daeculfs. Daeonsefahlahjfubls daeltmnhef (ltmnhef prebujlb crei daeinss er tml daeblornbndflcrnjtaeh ec wnstl), daeiltmnhef (iltmnhef prebujlb crei daeinss nhb/ertml daeblornbndfl crnjtaeh ec wnstl), daeLRDL (ltmyf-tlrtae-dutyf-ltmlrprebujlb eh tml dnsas ec daeltmnhef), nhb daeIRDL (iltmyf-tlrtae-dutyf-

ltmlr prebujlb eh tml dnsas ec daeiltmnhef).2 Daebalslfs ahjfubl daebalslf(n iltmyf-lstlr prebujlb crei vloltndfl er nhainf eaf ec balslf qunfaty),daebailtmyfltmlr (bailtmyfltmlr prebujlb crei daeinss), Casjmlr-Rrepsjm(n jntnfytaj jehvlrsaeh prejlss uslb te ingl daeculfs) prebujlb creidaeinss, jefb-prlsslb dae-eaf (eaf prebujlb crei eaf sllb tmreuomiljmnhajnf prejlssaho ehfy), nhb nff etmlr faquab daeculfs tmnt nrl nbblbte, dflhblb watm, er uslb strnaomt ns trnhspert balslf. Etmlr faquab daecu-lfs ahjfubls faquab daeculfs uslb barljtfy ns culf tmnt nrl het daeonsefahl erdaebalslfs. Rml rlpertlb qunhtatals ec faquab daeculfs smeufb rlfntl te tml

qunhtatals ec daeculf nhb het te tml tetnf vefuil ec faquabs ahte wmajm tmldaeculfs iny dl dflhblb.

_nstl ec daefeoajnf eraoah as lxjfublb crei ahbustranf wnstl (wnstl crei tmlcerlstry nhb norajufturnf prejlssaho sljters as ahjfublb ns prainry sefab dae-inss). Rmlrlcerl, daeculfs ah lhlroy stntastajs jeiprasl (pnrt ec) iuhajapnfwnstl, prainry sefab daeinss, daeons, nhb faquab daeculfs.

RMAZ TLPETR

Rmas rlpert cejusls eh detm tml barljt nhb ahbarljt aipnjts ec prainry sefabdaeinss (tmnt as, weeb petlhtanf) nhb tml ahbarljt aipnjts ec faquab daeculfs ehtml cerlstry sljter. Dljnusl tml daeinss jeipehlhts ec iuhajapnf wnstl nhbdaeons nrl prebujlb fnrolfy crei wnstls, tmly be het jurrlhtfy mnvl n saohaca-jnht aipnjt eh tml cerlstry sljter (nhb tml stntastajs eh iuhajapnf wnstl nrlolhlrnffy het bltnaflb lheuom te ablhtacy tml daeinss jeipehlht).

Rml dettei pnrt ec caourl >.> fasts tml inah typls ec prainry sefab dae-

inss nhb faquab daeculfs jevlrlb ah tmas rlpert. Zeil ec tml atlis fastlbtmlrl jnhhet dl blcahlb prljaslfy, dljnusl tmly jevlr n wabl rnhol ec tljmhe-feoajnf eptaehs cer lhlroy prebujtaeh tmnt nrl jurrlhtfy uhblr jehsablrntaeher blvlfepilht.

Eronhazntaeh

Rml rlst ec tml rlpert as eronhazlb ns ceffews. Jmnptlr 4 lxniahls sefab dae-inss, jmnptlr : feegs nt faquab daeculfs, nhb jmnptlr 2 ablhtacals eppertuhatalsnhb jmnfflhols nt tml rloaehnf nhb jeuhtry flvlf. Npplhbaxls ND prevabl

nbbataehnf ahcerintaeh eh tml assuls nhb aipnjts nssejantlb watm prebuj-taeh ec vnraeus cllbstejgs. Npplhbax J dralcfy evlrvalws cuturl olhlrntaehsec daelhlroy.

ESLTSAL_ >>


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Bntn Zeurjls

Rml stntastajs uslb ah tmas rlpert wlrl edtnahlb crei n vnralty ec hntaehnf nhbahtlrhntaehnf seurjls. Cer prainry sefab daeinss nhb daeons, tml inah bntn-dnsls uslb wlrl tml CNEZRNR Bntndnsl (cer weebculf nhb jmnrjenf stntastajs)

nhb tml ALN Lhlroy Ztntastajs Bntndnsl (cer tetnf prainry sefab daeinss nhbdaeons). Rmlsl bntndnsls jnh dl njjlsslb eh tml CNE nhb ALN _ld satls (www.cne.ero nhb www.aln.ero).

Cer faquab daeculfs, tml ALN Lhlroy Ztntastajs Bntndnsl wns uslb ns n stnrt-aho peaht. N huidlr ec etmlr seurjls wlrl nfse uslb, ahjfubaho tml ceffewaho;

Drnzaf; Iahastry ec Iahaho nhb Lhlroy (mttp;//www.nhp.oev.dr) nhb Iah-astry ec Norajufturl, Favlstejg nhb Ceeb Zuppfy (Drlssnh nhb Jehtaha 400?)

Lurepl; CE Fajmt (_erfb Ltmnhef nhb Daeculfs Tlperts) nhb tml Lureplnh

Daebalslf Denrb (mttp;//www.ldd-lu.ero) \hatlb Ztntls; Rml Tlhlwndfl Culfs Nssejantaeh (mttp;//www.ltmnhefrcn.ero)

nhb tml Hntaehnf Daebalslf Denrb (mttp;//www.daebalslf.ero) Etmlr jeuhtrals; CE Fajmt (_erfb Ltmnhef nhb Daeculfs Tlperts) nhb \ZBN

Cerlaoh Norajufturnf Zlrvajl daeculfs rlperts (nvnafndfl nt; mttp;//www.cns.usbn.oev).

_mlrl pessadfl, caourls wlrl jmljglb nhb upbntlb watm rljlht ahbustry bntnsuppfalb dy FIJ Ahtlrhntaehnf Ftb. (mttp;//www.fij.je.ug).

RERNF DAELHLTOQ Z\PPFQ NHB JEHRTAD\RAEH RE RPLZ

Rml feho-tlri trlhb ah tetnf daelhlroy suppfy as bravlh fnrolfy dy prainrysefab daeinss7 daeons nhb faquab daeculfs (daeltmnhef nhb daebalslf) nrl jur-rlhtfy ahsaohacajnht ah jeipnraseh. Nt tml ofednf flvlf ah 400 plrjlht. Nt tml rloaehnf flvlf, daeons nhb faquab daeculfs njjeuht cer

>< plrjlht ec RPLZ ah Hertm Nilrajn, >0 plrjlht ah tml Lureplnh \haeh, nhb< plrjlht ah Fntah Nilrajn nhb tml Jnraddlnh. Rmly rlprlslht n hlofaoadflsmnrl ec daelhlroy lfslwmlrl.

Daelhlroy rlprlslhtlb ehfy ndeut >0 plrjlht ec ofednf RPLZ ah 400< plrjlht ah >1?0. Daelhlroy staff ingls n rlinrgndfl jehtradu-taeh te RPLZ ah Ncrajn (nfiest 3< plrjlht), nftmeuom ats jehtradutaeh tmlrlbljfahlb sfaomtfy dltwllh >1?0 nhb 400< (caourl >.4). Rml jehtradutaeh ecdaelhlroy te RPLZ clff iujm ierl rnpabfy ah Nsan; dy 400< daelhlroy jeh-tradutlb kust >< plrjlht ec RPLZ ah Lnst Nsan nhb Pnjacaj nhb kust evlr :0 plrjlht

ah Zeutm Nsan. Ah Fntah Nilrajn nhb tml Jnraddlnh daelhlroy njjeuhtlb cersfaomtfy ierl tmnh >< plrjlht ah 4004 DAELHLTOQ BLSLFEPILHR


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E\RFEEG CET DAELHLTOQ JEHZ\IPRAEH

Rml eutfeeg prlslhtlb dlfew as dnslb eh tml rlclrlhjl sjlhnrae ah tml ALN_erfb Lhlroy Eutfeeg 4003 (ALN 4003d), wmajm mns dllh upbntlb te rlcfljt

CNE prekljtaehs cer weebculf nhb rljlht pefajy ahatantavls (sujm ns maomlrdflhbaho inhbntls cer faquab daeculfs) tmnt wlrl het tnglh ahte njjeuht ah tmntstuby. Rml dnsas cer tml prekljtaehs cer lnjm typl ec daelhlroy wns ns ceffews;

Rrnbataehnf daeinss usl (cerlstry nhb norajufturl); Caourls cer 400< blravlbcrei ALN nhb CNE bntndnsls nhb tmlh prekljtlb usaho tml orewtm rntls ahDrenbmlnb, Dnmbeh, nhb _matlinh (400>) nhb ALN (4003d)

Ahtlrhnf usl ec daeinss lhlroy; Caourls cer 400< tnglh crei tml ALN bntndnslnhb prekljtlb usaho tml ALN prekljtaehs cer jeidustadfl rlhlwndfls nhb

wnstl (ALN 4003d) Daeinss cer mlnt nhb pewlr; Caourls cer 400< tnglh crei tml ALN bntndnsl

nhb prekljtlb usaho tml ALN prekljtlb orewtm rntls cer jeidustadfl

ESLTSAL_ >:

0

>0

40

:0

20

1?0 >1?< >1=0 >1=< >110 >11< 4000 400.4 Jehtradutaeh ec Daelhlroy te RPLZ, dy Tloaeh, >1?04007 ALN 4003d7 nhb CNE 400=.


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rlhlwndfls nhb wnstl (ALN 4003d), tmlh nbkustlb te rlcfljt rlhlwndfl lhlroytnrolts (sll tndfl >.>), tml faglfy jehtradutaeh ec daeinss te rlhlwndfl lhlroyah tml cuturl, nhb tml prekljtaehs cer tml etmlr tmrll jeipehlhts ec prainrysefab daeinss Daeons; Caourls cer 400< tnglh crei tml ALN bntndnsl nhb prekljtlb usaho

tml ALN prekljtlb orewtm rntls cer jeidustadfl rlhlwndfls nhb wnstl(ALN 4003d)

Ltmnhef; Prekljtaehs dnslb eh ALN prekljtaehs ec pltref jehsuiptaeh (ALN4003d) nhb ornbunf nbeptaeh ec jurrlht nhb pfnhhlb dflhbaho inhbntlsnhb tnrolts smewh ah tndfl >.4

Daebalslf; Prekljtaehs dnslb eh ALN prekljtaehs ec balslf jehsuiptaeh (ALN4003d) nhb ornbunf nbeptaeh ec jurrlht nhb pfnhhlb dflhbaho inhbntlsnhb tnrolts smewh ah tndfl >.:.

Retnf daelhlroy prebujtaeh as prekljtlb te ahjrlnsl crei >,>?> IREL ah400< te >,3:: IREL ah 40:0 (caourl >.:). Rrnbataehnf usl ec daeinss (weebnhb norajufturnf rlsabuls) as prekljtlb te bljfahl sfaomtfy, dut ieblrh uslsec prainry sefab daeinss (je-caraho,< mlnt nhb pewlr ahstnffntaehs, er plfflts)nrl prekljtlb te ahjrlnsl saohacajnhtfy, bravlh fnrolfy dy lxpljtlb ahjrlnsls ah

>2 DAELHLTOQ BLSLFEPILHR

0

400

200

300

=00

>,000

>,400

>,200

>,300

>,=00

400< 40>0 40>< 4040 404< 40:0

prainrylhlroysuppfy(IREL)

prainry sefab daeinss (trnbataehnf) daeons

prainry sefab daeinss

(mlnt, pewlr, nhb ewh usl)

ltmnhef

daebalslf

Caourl >.: Prekljtlb Daelhlroy Prebujtaeh, dy Rypl, 4007 ALN 4003d7 nhb CNE 400=.


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blvlfeplb jeuhtrals, lspljanffy ilidlrs ec tml Lureplnh \haeh. Ns nrlsuft, tml smnrl ec prainry sefab daeinss ah tetnf daelhlroy prebujtaeh asfaglfy te rlinah maom, blspatl tml saohacajnht prekljtlb ahjrlnsls ah faquabdaeculf jehsuiptaeh.

Rrnbataehnf daeinss lhlroy as uslb prainrafy dy tml peer cer mlntaho nhb

jeegaho. _eeb daeinss as nfse uslb nt n fnrolr sjnfl cer mlnt nhb pewlr olhlr-ntaeh, nftmeuom tmlrl nrl nppfajntaehs cer sinff-sjnfl usl. Rml ievl nwny creitrnbataehnf prebujlrs tewnrb fnrol prebujlrs as faglfy te rlquarl fnrolr fnhbnrln ah erblr te prebujl tml hljlssnry qunhtatals ec cllbstejgs.

Inker ahjrlnsls ah ltmnhef prebujtaeh nrl prekljtlb ah Hertm Nilrajn, nhbmuol ahjrlnsl ah sefb daeinss usl cer mlnt nhb pewlr nrl prekljtlb ah Lurepl(caourl >.2). Lnst Nsan nhb tml Pnjacaj, Zeutm Nsan, nhb Fntah Nilrajn nhb tmlJnraddlnh nrl faglfy te ievl nwny crei trnbataehnf ceris ec daelhlroy teierl nbvnhjlb ceris, sujm ns lhlroy prebujtaeh crei ieblrh sefab daeinss

systlis nhb faquab daeculfs.

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Nt tml ofednf flvlf, tml prekljtlb jehtradutaeh ec daelhlroy te RPLZ aslxpljtlb te rlinah nt ndeut >0 plrjlht (caourl >.3 DAELHLTOQ BLSLFEPILHR

0

>0

40

:0

20

0 40>< 4040 404< 40:0

jehtradutaeh

te

RPLZ(plrjlht

)

Ncrajn

_erfb



Zeutm Nsan


Fntah Nilrajn nhb

tml Jnraddlnh

Nustrnfan, Knpnh, nhb Hlw [lnfnhb

Lureplnh \haeh (4?) + Ajlfnhb,

Herwny, nhb Zwatzlrfnhb

Hertm Nilrajn

Caourl >.< Prekljtlb Jehtradutaeh ec Daelhlroy te RPLZ,

dy Tloaeh, 4007 ALN 4003d7 nhb CNE 400=.


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as rlfntavlfy nduhbnht nhb cessaf culfs rlfntavlfy sjnrjl. Het nff jeuhtrals ah FntahNilrajn nhb tml Jnraddlnh mnvl saohacajnht pefajals nhb tnrolts cer evlrnffrlhlwndfl lhlroy prebujtaeh (nftmeuom inhy be mnvl tnrolts cer faquab daecu-lfs). Ahjrlnslb daelhlroy prebujtaeh tmlrl as tmlrlcerl predndfy bravlh dy njeidahntaeh ec pefajals, ahjlhtavls, nhb tml jeipltatavlhlss ec daelhlroy

nonahst cessaf culfs. Rmlsl prekljtaehs smew seil saohacajnht strujturnf smacts ahdaelhlroy prebujtaeh, ahjfubaho nh lxpnhsaeh ah daelhlroy jehsuiptaeh (ecnff typls) ah blvlfeplb rloaehs nhb Fntah Nilrajn nhb tml Jnraddlnh7 n bljfahlah jehsuiptaeh ah Zeutm Nsan nhb Lnst Nsan nhb Pnjacaj, nfdlat watm n smacttewnrb ierl ieblrh ceris ec daelhlroy7 nhb ahjrlnslb prebujtaeh ec trnba-taehnf daelhlroy ah Ncrajn.

Daelhlroy blvlfepilht prlslhts n trnblecc dltwllh ahjrlnslb lhlroy slju-raty nhb rurnf blvlfepilht eh tml ehl mnhb nhb ceeb prajl vefntafaty nhb hnt-urnf rlseurjl aipnjts eh tml etmlr. Ah blvlfepaho jeuhtrals, tmlsl jmnhols

jeufb jrlntl eppertuhatals cer ahjeil nhb lipfeyilht olhlrntaeh, nhb tmlymnvl tml petlhtanf te ahjrlnsl peer plepfls njjlss te aiprevlb typls ec daelh-lroy. Zlt nonahst tmas, jehsuiptaeh ec daelhlroy as faglfy te rlsuft ah ahjrlnslbjeipltataeh cer fnhb, wmajm jnh hlontavlfy nccljt tml peer tmreuom tmlar lccljtseh norajufturl nhb cerlstry, jmnhols ah njjlss te rlseurjls, nhb lccljts eh evlr-nff lhvarehilhtnf qunfaty.

Inhy jeuhtrals preietaho daelhlroy nrl oavaho prlclrlhjl te ats beilstajprebujtaeh. Mewlvlr, inhy ec tml petlhtanf aipnjts nrl faglfy te nccljt etmlrjeuhtrals, tmreuom ofednf inrglts cer ceeb nhb cerlst prebujts. Ah nbbataeh,

tml petlhtanf cer ahtlrhntaehnf trnbl ah daeculf nhb daeinss waff mnvl n saohaca-jnht aipnjt eh rurnf ljeheiaj blvlfepilht nhb tml slfljtaeh ec tml dlsteptaehs te illt tml stntlb pefajy oenfs. Rmas rlpert bels het nbbrlss tml ahtlr-hntaehnf trnbl ec daeculfs ah iujm bltnaf. At bels lxniahl tml jeipnrntavlnbvnhtnol ec bacclrlht rloaehs watm rlspljt te daelhlroy prebujtaeh.

CETJLZ NCCLJRAHO DAELHLTOQ BLSLFEPILHR

Zlvlrnf bravaho cerjls nrl staiufntaho tml prebujtaeh nhb jehsuiptaeh ecdaelhlroy. Lnjm as dralcfy blsjradlb dlfew.

Ljeheiaj Cnjters

Rml vnst inkeraty ec tml werfbs daelhlroy as jurrlhtfy prebujlb crei trnba-taehnf usls ec prainry sefab daeinss ah blvlfepaho jeuhtrals. Jehsuiptaeh ecdaeinss as bravlh dy n vnralty ec cnjters, ahjfubaho tml fnjg ec ahjeil te pur-jmnsl ierl nttrnjtavl culfs, surpfus fnder, fnx lhcerjlilht ec culfweeb jefflj-taeh, nhb uslr prlclrlhjls, nff ec wmajm ingl trnbataehnf usls ec prainry sefab

daeinss nh nttrnjtavl seurjl ec lhlroy.Zeil ahbustranf daelhlroy prebujtaeh crei prainry sefab daeinss mns

dllh ljeheiajnffy vandfl cer bljnbls. Cer lxnipfl, tml prebujtaeh ec mlnt nhb

ESLTSAL_ >?


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pewlr crei pufpaho wnstl (dfnjg faquer) as ljeheiajnffy vandfl dljnusl ec tmlmaom vnful ec tml pufpaho jmliajnfs rljevlrlb buraho tml prejlss nhb tml maomblinhb cer mlnt nhb pewlr ah pufp nhb pnplr prejlssaho cnjafatals (dex >.>).Mlnt prebujtaeh crei tml jeidustaeh ec rlsabuls ah snwiaffaho, pfyweebinhucnjturaho, nhb suonr rlcahaho mns nfse feho dllh ljeheiajnffy vandfl ah

inhy fejntaehs, dljnusl ec tml blinhb cer mlnt ah tmlsl inhucnjturaho

>= DAELHLTOQ BLSLFEPILHR

Dfnjg faquer as n dy-prebujt ec tml grnct (er sufcntl) pufpaho prejlss uslb te

inhucnjturl pnplr. Ah tmas prejlss, weeb as bljeipeslb ahte jlffufesl cadlrs

(crei wmajm pnplr as inbl), mliajlffufesl, nhb faohah crnoilhts. Dfnjg

faquer as nh nquleus sefutaeh ec faohah rlsabuls, mliajlffufesl, nhb tml aher-

onhaj jmliajnfs uslb ah tml prejlss.

Lnrfy grnct pufp iaffs basjmnrolb dfnjg faquer ahte wntlrjeursls. Rml

ahvlhtaeh ec tml rljevlry deaflr dy O. M. Reifahseh ah tml lnrfy >1:0s

lhndflb pufp iaffs te rljevlr nhb durh iujm ec tml dfnjg faquer, olhlrntaho

stlni nhb rljevlraho tml jmliajnfs (sebaui mybrexabl nhb sebaui sufcabl)

uslb te slpnrntl faohah crei tml jlffufesl cadlrs hllblb te ingl pnplr. Rebny,

iest ieblrh grnct pufp iaffs rljevlr nfiest nff dfnjg faquer (olhlrnffy 1?1=

plrjlht nhb up te 11.< plrjlht), nftmeuom seil vlry sinff iaffs iny staff

basjmnrol dfnjg faquer ahte wntlrjeursls.

Cer lvlry IR ec grnct pufp prebujlb, ndeut >.:.2< IR (bry sefab

jehtlht) ec dfnjg faquer as prebujlb. Rmas intlranf mns nh lhlroy jehtlht ec

>2>3 oaonkeufls (OK)/IR, er ndeut 0.::0.:= IR eaf lquavnflht plr IR ec

dfnjg faquer.

Ah iest jeuhtrals, dfnjg faquer as uslb te prebujl mlnt nhb lfljtrajaty ah

Reifahseh deaflrs tmnt suppfy tml hllbs ec tml pufp iaff7 tml prebujt iny

nfse suppfy pewlr te tml hntaehnf lfljtrajaty orab. Rml pufp nhb pnplr ahbus-

try ah Hertm Nilrajn, cer lxnipfl, suppfals ndeut mnfc ec ats lhlroy hllbs

crei tml jeidustaeh ec dfnjg faquer nhb etmlr intlranfs. Inhy jeuhtrals nrlhew jehsablraho ahtrebujaho onsacajntaeh tljmhefeoy, latmlr te aiprevl tml

lccajalhjy ec lhlroy prebujtaeh crei dfnjg faquer er te prebujl etmlr typls

ec daelhlroy, sujm ns daeons er faquab daeculfs.

Buraho tml >110s, Tnvnf Pnplr Iaffs, ah Ahban, n pfnht watm nh eplrntaho

jnpnjaty ec 4< IR/bny, uslb dfnjg faquer ah n bliehstrntaeh prekljt speh-

serlb dy tml \hatlb Hntaehs Ahbustranf Blvlfepilht Eronhazntaeh

(\HABE). Dy usaho dfnjg faquer ah prejlssaho, tml pfnht wns ndfl te rlbujl

stlni rlquarlilhts (nt n snvahos ec ndeut $:< n bny) ns wlff ns wnstl prebujt

baspesnf (nt n snvahos ec ndeut $40 n bny) cer n tetnf snvahos ec ndeut $40,000

n ylnr.

Zeurjl; \HABE h.b.

Dex >.> Dfnjg Faquer; Nh Ljeheiajnffy Sandfl

nhb Zaohacajnht Zeurjl ec Daelhlroy


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prejlssls. Rml usl ec prainry sefab daeinss cer lhlroy prebujtaeh as faglfy tedl nccljtlb dy uhblrfyaho ljeheiaj nhb blieornpmaj vnrandfls, sujm ns tmlflvlf ec ahjeil nhb tml blorll ec urdnhazntaeh ah jeuhtrals, wmajm strehofyahcfulhjl trnbataehnf usls7 tml sazl ec tml cerlstry nhb norajufturnf-prejlssahoahbustrals7 nhb lhlroy prajls.

Rml ljeheiaj vandafaty ec daeons, faquab daeculfs, nhb pewlr olhlrntaehcrei daeinss blplhbs eh tml jests ec prebujtaeh, fejnf lhlroy prajls, nhb,iest aipertnht, tml casjnf nhb rloufntery pefajals oevlrhaho daelhlroy. Nstljmhefeoals aiprevl, ljeheials ec sjnfl nrl njmalvlb ah tml suppfy ec tljm-hefeoy. Ac cessaf culf prajls trlhb maom, at as pessadfl tmnt seil ec tmlsl typls ecdaelhlroy iny dljeil ljeheiajnffy clnsadfl watmeut sudsaby ah tml cuturl.

Lhlroy Zljuraty

Tnpab ahbustranfazntaeh ah seil inker blvlfepaho jeuhtrals mns flb te saohaca-jnht ahjrlnsls ah ofednf lhlroy blinhb. Ah nbbataeh, ah Kufy 400= eaf prajls matrljerb flvlfs, dlcerl bljfahaho ns n rlsuft ec tml ofednf cahnhjanf jrasas. Rml maomblinhb nhb prajls flb inhy jeuhtrals te rljehsablr tmlar valws ndeut cuturllhlroy suppfals nhb ahjrlnslb jehjlrhs ndeut lhlroy sljuraty. Iest preklj-taehs ahbajntl tmnt maom lhlroy prajls nrl faglfy te rlinah n jehjlrh ah tmlcuturl uhflss tmlrl as n ofednf smact te nftlrhntavl culfs.

Rml aipnjt ec smactaho prajls mns dllh clft iestfy ah tml faquab culf sljter.Nftmeuom nfiest >00 jeuhtrals prebujl eaf, 40 jeuhtrals njjeuht cer ndeut

=< plrjlht ec ofednf prebujtaeh. Rml snil 40 jeuhtrals njjeuht cer nfiest10 plrjlht ec ofednf eaf lxperts (EPLJ 4001). Npnrt crei jehjlrhs ndeut tmasjehjlhtrntaeh ec ofednf eaf suppfy ah sujm n sinff huidlr ec jeuhtrals, tmlrlnrl jehjlrhs ndeut tml pefatajnf stndafaty ec inhy ec tml inah eaf lxpertlrs nhbtml rasgs ec cuturl suppfy basruptaehs. Rmlsl jehjlrhs mnvl dllh n inker cerjldlmahb tml subblh nhb rnpab ahjrlnsl ah ahtlrlst ah faquab daeculfs. Jehjlrhsndeut tml sljuraty ec suppfy ec etmlr typls ec lhlroy nrl flss njutl, dut seiljeuhtrals sll daelhlroy ns nh eppertuhaty te rlbujl tmlar evlrnff blplhblhjleh aipertlb culf.

Turnf Blvlfepilht nhb Ljeheiaj Eppertuhatals

Daelhlroy as dlaho preietlb ah seil jeuhtrals ns nh eppertuhaty te staiufntlrurnf blvlfepilht. Cer lxnipfl, tml eppertuhaty te bavlrsacy ahjeil nhblipfeyilht ah rurnf nrlns ec tml Lureplnh \haeh as fastlb ns n dlhlcat ec dae-culf blvlfepilht ah tml L\ Ztrntloy cer Daeculfs (JLJ 4003n). Ahbllb, tmlwabl rnhol ec ahjlhtavls cer daelhlroy prebujtaeh ah tml Lureplnh \haeh nhbetmlr blvlfeplb jeuhtrals as kust tml fntlst blvlfepilht ah n feho mastery ecsuppert te norajufturl nhb rurnf blvlfepilht ah inhy ec tmlsl jeuhtrals.

Nftmeuom ehfy n clw blvlfepaho jeuhtrals nrl jurrlhtfy preietaho ieb-lrh daelhlroy systlis nhb faquab daeculf prebujtaeh, inhy mnvl n feho mas-tery ec ahtlrvlhtaehs te suppert aiprevlilhts ah lccajalhjy nhb tljmhefeoy

ESLTSAL_ >1


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ah tml trnbataehnf daelhlroy sljter. Rml blvlfepilht ec aiprevlb jmnrjenfprebujtaeh tljmhefeoy, ierl lccajalht daeinss stevls, culfweeb pfnhtntaehs,nhb aiprevlilhts ah hnturnf rlseurjl inhnolilht mnvl nff dllh preietlbcer vnraeus edkljtavls, watm vnryaho blorlls ec sujjlss.

Rrnbataehnf daeinss prevabls lhlroy sljuraty nhb ahjeil eppertuhatals

(tmreuom jeffljtaeh nhb snfl) cer tml peer nhb sinff prebujlrs ah blvlfepahojeuhtrals. Rmas aipertnht nspljt ec weebculfs as het olhlrnffy ilt dy etmlrseurjls ec lhlroy (watm tml lxjlptaeh ec hlt jenf- er eaf-prebujaho jeuhtrals).Olhlrntaho rlvlhuls eh beilstajnffy prebujlb lhlroy seurjls jehtradutlspesatavlfy te tml evlrnff casjnf satuntaehs ec peer jeuhtals nhb rloaehs. Oavlhtml aipertnhjl ec weebculf prebujtaeh ah inhy blvlfepaho jeuhtrals, tmlrl asn sjepl cer dlttlr ahjerperntaeh ahte hntaehnf lhlroy strntloals cer blvlfepahojeuhtrals, lspljanffy ah rloaehs tmnt jehtahul te rlfy mlnvafy eh sefab daeinsscer lhlroy. Iest faquab daeculfs nrl dlaho prebujlb nt n jeiilrjanf sjnfl,

nftmeuom ns watm sefab culfs, tmlrl nrl eppertuhatals cer sinff prebujlrs.Pefajy inglrs mnvl dllh cejusaho eh nbvnhjlb daeinss tljmhefeoals,

lspljanffy wmlrl tmly sll eppertuhatals te nbept tljmhefeoals staff uhblrblvlfepilht nt tml ieilht. _atm tmlsl hlw eppertuhatals, tmlrl iny dlpetlhtanf te ahjerperntl sinffmefblrs ahte daelhlroy prebujtaeh sjmlils,tmlrldy suppflilhtaho ahjeils.

Lhvarehilhtnf Dlhlcats

Evlr tml pnst jlhtury, ofednf tliplrnturls mnvl raslh 0.?J (APJJ 400?).Jehtahulb wnriaho ec tml ntiespmlrl as lxpljtlb te mnvl slvlrl jehsl-qulhjls, ahjfubaho cfeebaho nhb breuomts, slvlrl steris, nhb aipnjts teljesystlis, wntlr rlseurjls, norajufturl, nhb muinh mlnftm.

Rml usl ec cessaf culfs as tml inker seurjl ec orllhmeusl ons liassaehs ahiest jeuhtrals. Daelhlroy prebujlb crei daeinss wnstl er sustnahndfy inh-nolb daeinss rlseurjls iny prevabl n sudstatutl cer cessaf culf usl tmnt pre-bujls flss orllhmeusl ons.

_nstl trlntilht as tml inah cnjter dlmahb daeons prebujtaeh ah inhy

jeuhtrals. Ahjrlnsaho urdnhazntaeh nhb ahbustranfazntaeh as faglfy te jehtahul teahjrlnsl tml hllb cer wnstl trlntilht cnjafatals, wmajm jnh nfse dl uslb te pre-bujl daelhlroy.

Blvlfepaho jeuhtrals mnvl jatlb tml dlhlcats ec seaf pretljtaeh, rlvlrsnf ecfnhb blornbntaeh, nhb drenblr hnturnf rlseurjl inhnolilht dlhlcats crei tmlblvlfepilht nhb sustnahndfl inhnolilht ec daeinss rlseurjls ns cnjters tmntmnvl lhjeurnolb daelhlroy blvlfepilht. Inhy hntaehnf nhb ahtlrhntaehnfahatantavls (sujm ns tml \hatlb Hntaehs Jehvlhtaeh te Jeidnt Blslrtacajntaeh)jatl daelhlroy blvlfepilht ns n praeraty (nftmeuom mnvl clw rlseurjls te

suppert at). Oavlh tml lxtrlil lhlroy pevlrty ah inhy blvlfepaho jeuhtrals,suppert cer daelhlroy blvlfepilht sllis faglfy te rlinah aipertnht tenjmalvaho pevlrty rlbujtaeh oenfs.



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JEHJLTHZ NDE\R DAELHLTOQ BLSLFEPILHR

Zaohacajnht jehjlrhs mnvl dllh rnaslb ndeut tml sustnahndafaty ec daelhlroyprebujtaeh. Inker jehjlrhs ahjfubl qulstaehs ndeut tml ceffewaho;

Rml lccajalhjy ec bacclrlht daelhlroy eptaehs te jeidnt jfaintl jmnhol Rml aipnjt ec daelhlroy blvlfepilht eh norajufturl, ceeb sljuraty, nhb

sustnahndfl cerlst inhnolilht Rml sejanf aipnjt ec daelhlroy blvlfepilht, pnrtajufnrfy watm rlspljt te

jmnhols ah fnhb usl, fnhb tlhurl, nhb fnhb raomts.

Rml strlhotm ec pudfaj suppert cer daelhlroy blvlfepilht as baccajuft tekubol, dljnusl ec tml fnjg ec jeipnrndfl stntastajs nhb tml prlslhjl ec inhyvejnf nhb njtavl hehoevlrhilhtnf eronhazntaehs (HOEs) nhb ahbustry

nssejantaehs ahtlrlstlb ah tmlsl blvlfepilhts. Mewlvlr, seil stntastajs jef-fljtlb ah rljlht ylnrs (pnrtajufnrfy ah Lurepl) smew mew pudfaj epahaeh mnsblvlfeplb (dex >.4).

Iest ec tmlsl jehjlrhs (lxniahlb ah ierl bltnaf tmreuomeut tmas rlpert)mnvl dllh rnaslb watm rlspljt te tml prebujtaeh ec faquab daeculfs, nh nrln ah

ESLTSAL_ 4>

Jehjlrhs ndeut peffutaeh crei lhlroy usl mnvl dllh rljerblb ah Lurepl

sahjl tml iab->1=0s. N >11? Lurednreiltlr peff fasts rlbujaho tml rasg ec pef-

futaeh crei lhlroy usl ns tml iest aipertnht jehjlrh ec L\ jatazlhs ah >11:

( plrjlht ec rlspehblhts) nhb >113 (23 plrjlht ec rlspehblhts), nmlnb ec

lhlroy prajls nhb stndafaty ec suppfals. Mewlvlr, n sudsnipfl tmnt wns nfse

nsglb ndeut juttaho orllhmeusl ons liassaehs ah >113 rntlb tmas ns n rlfntavlfy

iaher jehjlrh (ehfy >= plrjlht jatlb at ns aipertnht). ^ulstaehs ndeut

rlhlwndfl lhlroy wlrl het nsglb ah lnrfy survlys sujm ns tmas (survlys cejuslb

ierl eh rlbujaho lhlroy usl nhb ahjrlnsaho lhlroy lccajalhjy ns pefajy

eptaehs), nftmeuom tml >11? Lurednreiltlr rlsufts rlvlnf tmnt sahjl tml iab->1=0s L\ jatazlhs mnvl dlfalvlb tmnt rlhlwndfl lhlroy ahvefvls tml fewlst rasg

ec peffutaeh.

N 4000 Lurednreiltlr peff rlperts n saiafnrfy maom flvlf ec jehjlrh ndeut

tml lhvarehilht (?> plrjlht fastlb at ns tml carst- er sljehb-maomlst praeraty

ah tml lhlroy sljter). At rlperts tmnt L\ jatazlhs jehtahul te dlfalvl tmnt

rlhlwndfl lhlroy as dlst cer tml lhvarehilht (mybrepewlr nhb etmlr rlhlw-

ndfls wlrl jmeslh ns tml dlst eptaehs, te tml lxjfusaeh ec nfiest nff etmlrs).

Rml peff nfse rlvlnfs tmnt tml pudfaj dlfalvls tmnt rlhlwndfl lhlroy waff

dljeil ahlxplhsavl ah tml cuturl nhb strehofy supperts rlslnrjm nhb blvlf-

epilht ah tmas nrln.

Dex >.4 Pudfaj Zuppert cer Daelhlroy Blvlfepilht

(jehtahulb)


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N ierl bltnaflb epahaeh survly ec lhlroy assuls ah 4003 (Lurednreiltlr

400?) ahbajntls tmnt lhlroy prajls wlrl ec iest ahtlrlst nt tmnt tail (:: plrjlht

ec rlspehblhts), ceffewlb dy rlhlwndfl lhlroy (>2 plrjlht). Lhvarehilhtnfjehjlrhs wlrl ec rlfntavlfy fattfl ahtlrlst, rnhgaho 3tm eut ec >3 (watm ehfy ? plr-

jlht fastaho sujm jehjlrhs ns ec iest ahtlrlst). Lhlroy prajls nhb suppfy wlrl

stntlb ns tml maomlst praeratals cer pefajy nt tmnt tail, watm flss praeraty oavlh te

lhvarehilhtnf pretljtaeh nhb caomtaho ofednf wnriaho. Rmlsl bntn wlrl jef-

fljtlb nt n tail ec rnpabfy ahjrlnsaho eaf prajls, ahbajntaho tmnt jehjlrhs ndeut

lhlroy prajls nrl vlry rlnf wmlh prajls nrl ahjrlnsaho. Mewlvlr, tml snil sur-

vly nfse smews jehtahuaho suppert cer tml blvlfepilht ec rlhlwndfl lhlroy.

Oavlh hahl nftlrhntavl seurjls ec lhlroy, L\ jatazlhs wlrl iest ah cnver ec tml

cavl rlhlwndfl eptaehs, ceffewlb dy tml tmrll cessaf culfs (ons, jenf, eaf) nhb

cahnffy hujflnr pewlr. Ec tml cavl rlhlwndfl eptaehs, daelhlroy wns rnhglb cactm,watm


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wmajm tmly jeufb rlstrajt tml eppertuhatals cer daelhlroy blvlfepilht ah tmlcuturl. Ah rlspehsl, ahatantavls mnvl dllh jrlntlb te nbbrlss seil ec tmlsl assulsnhb jmnfflhols. Rmlsl ahjfubl iuftastnglmefblr ahatantavls te blvlfep stnhbnrbs(prahjapfls nhb jratlran) nhb oevlrhilhtnf nhb iuftastnglmefblr ahatantavls teprevabl olhlrnf pefajy suppert nhb nhnfysas. Zeil ec tml iest hetndfl ahatan-

tavls te blvlfep prebujtaeh stnhbnrbs ahjfubl tml ceffewaho;

Teuhbtndfl eh Zustnahndfl Daeculfs. Ahtlrhntaehnf ahatantavl drahoaho teoltmlrcnrilrs, jeipnhals, HOEs, lxplrts, oevlrhilhts, nhb ahtlroevlrhilhtnf

ESLTSAL_ 4:

ilnsurls te nbbrlss jfaintl jmnhol. Zljehb, watm rlspljt te tml petlhtanf ec

bacclrlht lhlroy tljmhefeoals te rlbujl ntiespmlraj JE4 flvlfs evlr tml hlxt

4< ylnrs, slvlrnf rlhlwndfl tljmhefeoals nrl dlfalvlb te mnvl maom petlhtanf.Ec tml rlhlwndfl tljmhefeoals, sefnr, wahb, nhb tabnf pewlr wlrl rnhglb maom-

lst7 sljehb-olhlrntaeh daeculfs nhb tml usl ec sefab daeinss wlrl rnhglb

fewlr (dut watm ierl rlspehblhts dlfalvaho tmnt tmly mnb maom petlhtanf tmnh

tmesl dlfalvaho tmly be het). Carst-olhlrntaeh daeculfs wlrl rnhglb fnst, watm

n inkeraty ec rlspehblhts dlfalvaho tmnt tmly mnb n vlry few petlhtanf.

Rml rlsufts ec epahaeh survlys rlvlnf drenb pudfaj suppert cer rlhlwndfl

lhlroy blvlfepilht, dut tmly nfse suoolst tmnt tmas suppert iny dl crnoafl.

Rmly ahbajntl tmnt daelhlroy as valwlb ns ehl ec tml flnst nttrnjtavl rlhlwndfl

eptaehs (nftmeuom at as staff prlclrrlb te cessaf culfs). Mewlvlr, tmas rlsuft iny

het dl vlry rlfandfl, dljnusl tml pudfaj wns uhcniafanr watm daelhlroy blvlf-epilht assuls nt tml tail tmlsl survlys wlrl jehbujtlb.

Tlsufts crei detm Lurepl nhb Hertm Nilrajn jehcari tmnt lhlroy prajls

nrl tml iest aipertnht jehsablrntaeh cer jehsuilrs, suoolstaho tmnt jehtah-

ulb pudfaj sudsaby cer rlhlwndfl lhlroy (ahjfubaho daelhlroy) waff dl

rlquarlb uhtaf ljeheiaj cnjters jmnhol ah tmlar cnver. Jehjlrhs ndeut tml

lhvarehilht ah Lurepl, Jnhnbn, nhb, te n flsslr lxtlht, tml \hatlb Ztntls nrl

olhlrnffy maom nhb npplnr te suppert tml jehtahulb usl ec sudsabals. Oavlh

tmas fahgnol, at waff dl vlry aipertnht te bliehstrntl tmnt rlhlwndfl lhlroy

jnh dl prebujlb sustnahndfy. Rmas weufb npplnr te dl pnrtajufnrfy aipertnht

cer daelhlroy, oavlh wlnglr pudfaj suppert nhb tml beudts ndeut ats suatndaf-aty ns n rlhlwndfl lhlroy eptaeh.

Ahcerintaeh mns het ylt dllh jeffljtlb ndeut tml flvlf ec pudfaj uhblr-

stnhbaho ec nhb epahaehs ndeut tml fahgnols dltwllh daelhlroy blvlfepilht,

ceeb sljuraty, nhb drenblr sejanf assuls, tml sudkljt ec ahtlhsl bldntl buraho

400=. Onuoaho tmas jehjlrh waff rlquarl nttlhtaeh ns pnrt ec nhy cuturl sup-

pert cer daelhlroy blvlfepilht.

Zeurjl; Lurednreiltlr >11?, 4004, 400?, 400=7 Pnvafaeh Rljmhefeoals 400?7 OfedlZjnh

400=7 Jnhnbanh Tlhlwndfl Culfs Nssejantaeh 400=7 nhb Pudfaj Nolhbn 400=.

Dex >.4 (Jehtahulb)


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nolhjals jehjlrhlb ndeut lhsuraho tml sustnahndafaty ec daeculfs prebujtaeh nhbprejlssaho. At as blvlfepaho prahjapfls nhb jratlran cer sustnahndfl daeculfs pre-bujtaeh nreuhb ceur inah tepajs; orllhmeusl ons facljyjfl nhnfysas, lhvareh-ilhtnf aipnjts, sejanf aipnjts, nhb aipflilhtntaeh (mttp;//josl.lpcf.jm/pnol3


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Zeil ec tml preiahlht ahtlrhntaehnf ahatantavls te prevabl pefajy nbvajlnhb suppert te sustnahndfl daelhlroy blvlfepilht ahjfubl tml ceffewaho;

ALN Rnsg 20 eh Zustnahndfl Ahtlrhntaehnf Daelhlroy Rrnbl (mttp;//www.cnardaetrnbl.ero)

Ofednf Daelhlroy Pnrthlrsmap (mttp;//www.ofednfdaelhlroy.ero) Ahtlrhntaehnf Daelhlroy Pfntceri (mttp;//www.cne.ero) Tlhlwndfl Lhlroy nhb Lhlroy Lccajalhjy Pnrthlrsmap (mttp;//www.rlllp.ero) Tlhlwndfl Lhlroy Pefajy Hltwerg cer tml 4>st Jlhtury (mttp;//www

.rlh4>.hlt) \HJRNB DaeCulfs Ahatantavl (mttp;//www.uhjtnb.ero) \H Lhlroy (mttp;//lsn.uh.ero/uh-lhlroy).

Nt tml hntaehnf flvlf, slvlrnf Lureplnh jeuhtrals mnvl blvlfeplb er nrl jeh-

sablraho blvlfepaho hntaehnf sustnahndafaty stnhbnrbs tmnt weufb nppfy te nffdaelhlroy prebujlrs.3 Oavlh tmnt tmlsl stnhbnrbs nrl faglfy te dl talb te ahjlh-tavls cer daelhlroy er tml sntascnjtaeh ec inhbntery rlquarlilhts, sujm blvlf-epilhts waff mnvl n saohacajnht aipnjt eh daelhlroy blvlfepilht.

Ahatantavls te suppert nhb preietl tml sustnahndfl prebujtaeh ec daelhlroynrl ehl ec inhy bacclrlht npprenjmls, suppertlb dy bacclrlht stnglmefblrs tevnryaho blorlls nhb watm bacclrlht faglfy flvlfs ec ahcfulhjl eh cahnf eutjeils.Rmas as vlry saiafnr te tml satuntaeh lxplralhjlb watm rlspljt te tml jlrtacajn-taeh ec etmlr oeebs watm sejanf nhb lhvarehilhtnf jmnrnjtlrastajs, sujm ns

weeb crei sustnahndfy inhnolb cerlsts. At rlinahs te dl sllh wmnt aipnjttmlsl ahatantavls waff mnvl ah tlris ec jest nhb lccljtavlhlss. Nftmeuom tml eut-feeg as uhjflnr, at sllis faglfy tmnt seil sert ec jlrtacajntaeh ec sustnahndafatywaff dl rlquarlb ah seil ec tml inker petlhtanf lxpert inrglts cer daelhlroy,sujm ns Lurepl.

PEFAJALZ, RNTOLRZ, NHB AHZRT\ILHRZ

Iest ec tml bravaho cerjls nccljtaho daelhlroy prebujtaeh nrl rlfntlb te tmlsejanf nhb lhvarehilhtnf dlhlcats ec daelhlroy. Rmly mnvl dllh trnhsfntlb ahtenjtaeh ah tml lhlroy sljter dy vnraeus pefajals, tnrolts, nhb ahstruilhts, aipfl-ilhtlb dy hntaehnf er sudhntaehnf oevlrhilhts.

Tlhlwndfl Lhlroy Prebujtaeh

Nt tml drenblst flvlf, inhy oevlrhilhts mnvl pefajals nhb tnrolts cerrlhlwndfl lhlroy prebujtaeh (ah tlris ec RPLZ, cahnf jehsuiptaeh eclhlroy, er seiltails mlnt nhb pewlr prebujtaeh crei rlhlwndfls).?

Nfiest nff blvlfeplb jeuhtrals mnvl tnrolts cer rlhlwndfl lhlroy prebuj-taeh, lvlh ac tmlsl tnrolts nrl het slt nt tml hntaehnf flvlf (ns as tml jnsl ah

ESLTSAL_ 4


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Hertm Nilrajn) (tndfl >.>). Rwlhty-tmrll blvlfepaho jeuhtrals nfse mnvlrlhlwndfl lhlroy tnrolts tmnt iny ahjfubl seil blvlfepilht ec daelhlroyah tml cuturl (n clw etmlrs mnvl tnrolts tmnt cejus eh rlhlwndfl lhlroy creihnturnf cerjls).

Rml aipnjt ec tml tnrolts smewh ah tndfl >.> eh cuturl daelhlroy prebuj-

taeh waff blplhb eh tml vandafaty ec daelhlroy te mlfp jeuhtrals illt tmlar tnr-olts jeipnrlb watm tml vandafaty nhb nvnafndafaty ec etmlr rlhlwndfl lhlroyseurjls. Ah blvlfeplb jeuhtrals, etmlr rlhlwndfl lhlroals (cer lxnipfl, wahbnhb mybre) mnvl fnrolfy dllh lxpfeatlb. Inhy jeuhtrals nrl hew turhaho tedaelhlroy ns tml inah rlinahaho seurjl ec rlhlwndfl lhlroy prebujtaeh tmntjnh dl lxpnhblb eh n saohacajnht sjnfl.

Rml nieuht ec rlhlwndfl lhlroy prebujtaeh as staff quatl sinff (watm tmllxjlptaeh ec mybrepewlr) ah iest blvlfepaho jeuhtrals, se daelhlroy iustdl jeipltatavl watm etmlr rlhlwndfls. ahjfubaho wahb (ehl ec tml flnst lxplh-

savl ceris ec rlhlwndfl lhlroy) nhb sefnr (wmajm as jeipltatavl cer wntlr mlntahonhb cer lfljtrajaty ah ecc-orab nppfajntaehs). Daelhlroy prebujtaeh iny dl njeipltatavl seurjl ec rlhlwndfl lhlroy ah jeuhtrals watm saohacajnht daeinssrlseurjls. Cer lxnipfl, tml rlhlwndfl tnrolt cer Jmahn ahjfubls tml ahstnffntaehec mlnt nhb pewlr prebujtaeh crei daeinss ec :0O_ dy 4040. Rmas weufbtrnhsfntl ahte jehsuiptaeh ec ndeut >=.> IREL ec daeinss rlseurjls (lqunfte ndeut 30 iaffaeh IR ec daeinss).

Huilreus jeuhtrals nfse mnvl pefajals nhb tnrolts cer cuturl jehsuiptaeher prebujtaeh ec faquab daeculfs.= Rmlsl dflhbaho inhbntls ectlh nppfy ehfy te

trnhspert culfs (ah Nustrnfan, tml Lureplnh \haeh, nhb Hlw [lnfnhb, tmly nrlceriufntlb ns n plrjlhtnol ec nff trnhspert culfs rntmlr tmnh ns n dflhbaho inh-bntl). \hflss ghewh etmlrwasl, at as nssuilb mlrl tmnt tnrolts nppfy te detmltmnhef nhb daebalslf.

Ltmnhef Jehsuiptaeh

Iest blvlfeplb jeuhtrals mnvl tnrolts cer ltmnhef jehsuiptaeh (tndfl >.4) Nffblvlfeplb jeuhtrals lxjlpt Knpnh mnvl pefajals tmnt strehofy cnver beilstaj

prebujtaeh ec daeltmnhef. Inhy ec tmlsl jeuhtrals nrl aipertlrs ec ltmnhef,mewlvlr, nhb at sllis faglfy tmnt tmly waff jehtahul te aipert seil ltmnhefah tml cuturl crei blvlfepaho jeuhtrals. Drnzafs ltmnhef lxperts ahjrlnslb23 plrjlht ah 4001, nhb tml jeuhtry pfnhs te trapfl lxperts evlr tml hlxt cavlylnrs. Ah Ncrajn jeipnhals nrl ahvlstaho te suppfy tml Lureplnh inrglt watmltmnhef.

Ah blvlfepaho rloaehs, >= jeuhtrals mnvl (er nrl prepesaho) prekljts, pefa-jals, er tnrolts cer ltmnhef prebujtaeh er jehsuiptaeh. Rmly waff mnvl tmlorlntlst aipnjt ah Drnzaf, Jmahn, nhb Ahban.

Zuonr jnhl nhb iefnssls nrl jurrlhtfy tml inah cllbstejgs cer ltmnhef pre-bujtaeh ah iest jeuhtrals (tml inah lxjlptaeh as Jmahn, wmajm as jehsablrahon wabl rnhol ec cllbstejgs). Ah seil jeuhtrals, eccajanfs nrl rljehsablraho



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4?

Rndfl >.> Rnrolts cer Tlhlwndfl Lhlroy Prebujtaeh, dy Tloaeh, 400=

Tloaeh/jeuhtry

Tlhlwndfl tnroltTlhlwndfl smnrl

ah 4000R_m 40>0 h.n. Rnrolt as cer nb

\onhbn 3>.0% 40>? h.n. Rnrolt nhb jurr


Nustrnfan 1.0 >=.= R_m Rnrolt nhb jurr

Knpnh >.3% 40>2 0.2% Rnrolt nhb jurr

mybreHlw [lnfnhb 10.0% 404< 3% Rnrolt nhb jurr

trnbataehnf da

nhb pewlr cr

Ahbehlsan >% Rnrolt nhb jurr

Infnysan I_ Rnrolt nhb jurr

Tlpudfaj ec Gerln > 0.> 0.


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4=


Nrilhan :0 6> I_ Rnrolt nhb jurr

mybre

Lureplnh \haeh (4?) , Herwny, nhb Zwatzlrfnhb

Lureplnh \haeh 40.0% 4040 >.24=.2% Rnrolt as cer cah

Herwny ?R_m 40>0 0.= R_m Rnrolt nhb jurr

Zwatzlrfnhb :.0 0.0< R_m Rnrolt nhb jurr

Fntah Nilrajn nhb tml Jnraddlnh

Nrolhtahn =.0% 40>3 >.4% Rnrolt nhb jurr

mybre

Drnzaf :.:O_ 4003 h.n. Rnrolt as cer nb

daeinss, nhb

Ilxaje 2O_ 40>2 h.n. Rnrolt nhb jurr

Rndfl >.> (Jehtahulb)

Tloaeh/jeuhtry

Tlhlwndfl tnroltTlhlwndfl smnrl

ah 400


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41


Loypt >2.0% 4040 2.4% Rnrolt nhb jurr

Arnh 0 6> I_ Rnrolt nhb jurr

Asrnlf 3 0.>% Rnrolt nhb jurr

Kerbnh >0.0% 4040 >.2% Rnrolt nhb jurr

Ierejje >0.0% 40>0 >.0% Rnrolt nhb jurrtrnbataehnf da

pewlr

Hertm Nilrajn

Jnhnbn He hntaehnf tnrolt h.n. h.n. Tlhlwndfl pefa

\hatlb Ztntls He hntaehnf tnrolt h.n. h.n. Tlhlwndfl pefa

njjeuht cer 0.0% 40>< :4.=% Rnrolt nhb jur

Zeurjl; TLH4> 400=.Hetl; h.n.9 Het nppfajndfl.


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:0

Rndfl >.4 Rnrolts cer Culf Ltmnhef Jehsuiptaeh, dy Tloaeh, 400=

Tloaeh/jeuhtry

Rnrolt cer

jehsuiptaeh

Cllbstejgs

Dllt Jnhl Ornah Jlffufesl Etmlr

Ncrajn

Ltmaepan L< crei 400= I Dfl

s

Glhyn >0% prepeslb J Aip

Infnwa >0 prepeslb P, I J _a

Zubnh 4:>=% dy 40>? J P Aip

u


Nustrnfan Snraeus lxastaho nhb

prepeslb tnrolts

I J Ltm

^

t

d

Knpnh 0

I J P J Rml

c

t

t

a


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:>

Hlw [lnfnhb 4.4 P Rnr

d

f


Jmahn L>< dy 4040 J J J P L>0

h

i

Pmafappahls L>0 dy 40>> J J L0 dy 40>> J, I J Dfl

(

a

Lureplnh \haeh (4?), Ajlfnhb, Herwny, nhb Zwatzlrfnhb

>0% ec nff trnhspert

culfs dy 4040

J, I J P J Ahb

J

Fntah Nilrajn nhb tml JnraddlnhNrolhtahn L< dy 40>0 J, I P Lxp

Drnzaf L4< + L=< inrglt

(cflx-culf vlmajfls)

J Drn

r

Jefeidan L>0 ah 400= J J, I P

Beiahajnh Tlpudfaj L>< dy 40>< P

Plru L?.= dy 40>0 J Plr

l

\ruouny L< dy 40>2 P J P P

Slhlzulfn, T.D. bl L? pfnhhlb P Zei

Db


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:4

Rndfl >.4 (Jehtahulb)

Tloaeh/jeuhtry

Rnrolt cer

jehsuiptaeh

Cllbstejgs

Dllt Jnhl Ornah Jlffufesl Etmlr

Hertm Nilrajn

Jnhnbn L4

ah ceur prevahjls

J P J Ceu

i

C

d

\hatlb Ztntls :< daffaeh onffehs dy

4044

J P P Rml

>

>

o

ai

Zeutm Nsan

Ahban L>0 lvlhtunffy J, I J L< i

ah

Zeurjl; Dlro 40027 TLH4> 400=7 nhb \ZBN 400=d.

Hetl; J 9 jurrlht, P 9 pfnhhlb/lxpljtlb, I 9 iefnssls dyprebujt. Rml usl ec suonr dllt nhb jnhl ahjfubls

prebujtaeh ec suonr). Ah seil jeuhtrals (sujm ns Ahban nhb Rmnafnhb), iefnssls rntmlr tmnh rnw suonr jnhbntls nrl ahbajntlb dy nh L (cer lxnipfl, L>0)7 etmlr tnrolts nrl ahbajntlb ah plrjlht. Zeil ec tmlsl tnrolt

sudkljt te seil uhjlrtnahty.


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inhbntls dljnusl ec suppfy jehjlrhs, lhvarehilhtnf jehjlrhs, er ahjrlnsahovnfuls ec hehculf usls ec cllbstejgs. Rml dflhbaho inhbntls prlslhtlb cerltmnhef nhb daebalslf iny tmlrlcerl jmnhol.

Nftmeuom Ncrajn mns he hetndfl culf ltmnhef jehsuiptaeh, slvlrnf jeuhtralsmnvl dllh dflhbaho ltmnhef watm onsefahl. Tntmlr tmnh usaho dflhbaho inh-

bntls, slvlrnf ec tmlsl jeuhtrals mnvl nbeptlb suppfy-sabl ahjlhtavls te lhjeur-nol dflhbaho, rlsuftaho ah vnrantaehs ah ltmnhef usl crei ylnr te ylnr. Rmlslprekljts mnvl mnb iaxlb rlsufts, nhb seil mnvl dllh basjehtahulb er sus-plhblb (Dntabzarna 400?).

Rml pfnhhlb lxpnhsaeh ec ltmnhef prebujtaeh ah Jmahn jeidahlb watm tmlprepeslb upbntlb dflhbaho inhbntls nhb lxpljtlb orewtm ah culf usl suoolsttmnt beilstaj prebujtaeh as faglfy te illt ehfy ndeut mnfc ec cuturl rlquarl-ilhts7 tml rlinahaho blinhb as faglfy te dl ilt dy aiperts (Fau 400.:).Rml inah fejnffy orewh cllbstejgs uslb te prebujl daebalslf nrl seydlnhs(tml \hatlb Ztntls), rnplsllb (tml Lureplnh \haeh), nhb pnfi eaf (Ahbehlsannhb Infnysan). Lurepl as faglfy te dl tml inah aipertlr ec daebalslf,nftmeuom seil ec tmlsl aiperts iny ejjur ns aiperts ec eaf er eafsllbsrntmlr tmnh daebalslf.

Rwlhty-twe blvlfepaho jeuhtrals mnvl pefajals er tnrolts cer daebalslf jeh-suiptaeh, nhb laomt jeuhtrals mnvl tnrolts er pefajals suppertaho prebujtaeh.Ns watm daeltmnhef, tml fnrolst daebalslf jehsuilrs ah tml cuturl nrl faglfy tedl Drnzaf, Nrolhtahn, Jmahn, nhb Ahban, dut Ahbehlsan nhb Infnysan nfse mnvlpetlhtanf te dl saohacajnht prebujlrs nhb jehsuilrs. Infnysan nfrlnby lxpertsiest ec ats pnfi eaf daebalslf te Lurepl (pnrtajufnrfy Olrinhy)7 nhb teoltmlrwatm Ahbehlsan, as feddyaho tml \hatlb Ztntls te fact tml dnh eh pnfi eafdaebalslf te ahjrlnsl ats lxpert petlhtanf. Rmlrl as n rasg tmnt seil ec tml nida-taeus inhbntls cer daebalslf jehsuiptaeh ah ceeb-blcajalht jeuhtrals fagl

Jmahn nhb Ahban iny dl basjehtahulb ac cllbstejg prajls rasl saohacajnhtfy.Ierlevlr, tml uhjeipltatavl hnturl ec daebalslf vlrsus jehvlhtaehnf balslfculfs iny werg nonahst ats prebujtaeh.

ESLTSAL_ ::


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:2

Rndfl >.: Rnrolts cer Daebalslf Prebujtaeh nhb Jehsuiptaeh, dy Tloaeh, 400=

Tloaeh/jeuhtry

Pefajals nhb tnrolts Cllbstejgs

Jehsuiptaeh Prebujtaeh Zey Tnplsllb _nstl Pnfi

Ncrajn

Glhyn D40 lvlhtunffy

Ieznidaqul

Haolran D40 lvlhtunffy P

Zeutm Ncrajn D4D< prepeslb J

Nustrnfan nhb Hlw [lnfnhb

Nustrnfan >% dy 40>0 J J

Hlw [lnfnhb 2.4 P J


Jmahn D>0 dy 4040 4 iaffaeh IR

dy 40>0

J J

Ahbehlsan


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:> J J

Pmafappahls D4 dy 40>> J


Dlfnrus Lhjeurnolb J

Jrentan D0

Gnzngmstnh Pfnhhlb P

Injlbehan, CQT Lhjeurnolb J

\grnahl 300Gt dy 40>0 J

Zlrdan Lhjeurnolb J

Lureplnh \haeh (4?) + Ajlfnhb, Herwny, nhb Zwatzlrfnhb

>0% dy 4040 + spljacaj

daebalslf inhbntls ahseil jeuhtrals

J J J J

Fntah Nilrajn nhb Jnraddlnh

Nrolhtahn D< dy 40>0 J

Defavan D40 dy 40>< J

Drnzaf D< dy 40>4 J J P

Jmafl D< lxpljtlb

Jefeidan D< dy 400= J

Beiahajnh Tlpudfaj D4 dy 40>> J J

\ruouny D< dy 40>4 J J

Hertm Nilrajn

Jnhnbn D4 dy 40>4 J J

\hatlb Ztntls > daffaeh onffehs dy 40>4 J J

Zeutm Nsan

Dnhofnblsm P

Ahban D>0 J J

Hlpnf D>0 lxpljtlb

Pngastnh Lhjeurnolb

Zeurjl; NPLJ 400=7 TLH4> 400=7 nhb \ZBN 400=d.

Hetl; J 9 jurrlht, P 9 pfnhhlb/lxpljtlb. Dflhbaho inhbntls nrl ahbajntlb dy n D7 etmlr tnrolts nrl ahbajn

nais ec pefajy (sect tnrolts) nhb nrl sudkljt te seil uhjlrtnahty.

Rndfl >.: (Jehtahulb)

Tloaeh/jeuhtry

Pefajals nhb tnrolts Cllbstejgs

Jehsuiptaeh Prebujtaeh Zey Tnplsllb _nstl Pnfis


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Rml inah jurrlht er pfnhhlb cllbstejgs cer daebalslf prebujtaeh rlcfljttml jfaintaj nhb norajufturnf satuntaeh ah bacclrlht rloaehs. Zeydlnhs nrl tmlinah cllbstejg ah Fntah Nilrajn7 rnplsllb ah Lurepl, Jlhtrnf Nsan, nhbJmahn7 pnfi eaf ah Zeutmlnst Nsan nhb, te n flsslr lxtlht, Fntah Nilrajn7 nhbKntrepmn ah nrab zehls (Ncrajn, Zeutm Nsan, nhb pnrts ec seil etmlr jeuhtrals).

Jmahn nhb tml Tlpudfaj ec Gerln nrl lxpljtlb te aipert saohacajnht qunhtatalsec daebalslf7 iest etmlr jeuhtrals watm jehsuiptaeh tnrolts lxpljt te pre-bujl tmlar ewh rlquarlilhts.

Nrolhtahn, Infnysan, nhb Ahbehlsan nrl tml inah hlt lxpertlrs ec daebalslf,nftmeuom Drnzaf nhb slvlrnf jeuhtrals ah Lurepl nhb Jlhtrnf Nsan nfse lxpljt erpfnh te lxpert daebalslf ah tml cuturl (iestfy te tml Lureplnh \haeh). AhNcrajn tmlrl nrl he spljacaj prebujtaeh pefajals er tnrolts, dut ahvlstilhts ahdaebalslf prebujtaeh crei Kntrepmn nrl pfnhhlb ah slvlrnf jeuhtrals, watm tmlcejus eh lxperts te Lurepl nhb Nsan.

Jest ec Zuppert Ilnsurls

Rml ilnsurls nhb ahjlhtavls uslb te suppert daelhlroy prebujtaeh nhb jeh-suiptaeh nrl inhy nhb vnralb. Zuppert cer faquab daeculfs jnh ejjur nt slvlrnfpeahts nfeho tml ceur stnols ec prebujtaeh, ahjfubaho cllbstejg prebujtaeh, dae-culf prebujtaeh, bastradutaeh, nhb lhb-usl (tndfl >.2). Rml rnhol ec ilnsurls uslb

ESLTSAL_ :?

Rndfl >.2 Lxnipfls ec Ahjlhtavls \slb te Preietl Faquab Daeculfsah Lurepl

Ztnol Ilnsurl/ahjlhtavl Jest Durblh

Cllbstejg Zuppert te norajufturl \p te 0.?/OK ($>/f) Oevlrhilht

Inhbntls cer culf

bastraduters

\p te >0/OK ($0.30/f) Jehsuilrs,

bastraduters

Fenhs nhb sudsabals cer

caffaho stntaehs

Few Oevl

Bioenergy Development: Issues and Impacts for Poverty and Natural Resource Management

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Transcript of Bioenergy Development: Issues and Impacts for Poverty and Natural Resource Management