Bioenergy Development in Ukraine: State of the Art and Perspectives Georgiy Geletukha Institute of...
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Transcript of Bioenergy Development in Ukraine: State of the Art and Perspectives Georgiy Geletukha Institute of...
Bioenergy Development in Ukraine: State of the Art and Perspectives
Georgiy Geletukha
Institute of Engineering Thermophysics of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (Head of Department)
Scientific Engineering Centre Biomass Ltd. (Director)
Institute of Engineering ThermophysicsScientific Engineering Center Biomass
"Integrative Approaches Towards Sustainability"(Baltic Sea Region sharing knowledge internally, across Europe and
worldwide)SHARING, Jurmala, May 11-14, 2005, Latvia
Institute of Engineering ThermophysicsScientific Engineering Center Biomass
Plan of presentation:
1. Biomass for energy has the biggest from RES feasible potential for the most of EU countries and Ukraine.
2. CHP or heat only production?
3. Examples of successfully implemented bioenergy projects in Ukraine.
4. Bioenergy projects are mostly bankable projects.
5. Biomass for energy is one of the best options for GHG emission reduction.
6. Ukraine has a huge potential for “concentrated” biomass export to EU.
7. Conclusion.
*) Energy for the Future: Renewable Sources of Energy. White Paper for a Community Strategy and Action Plan. Bruxelles, 1997, 53 p.
Institute of Engineering ThermophysicsScientific Engineering Center Biomass
Biomass for energy has the biggest from RES feasible potential for the most of EU and FSU countries.
Heat and power production from renewable energy in EU *)
Type of renewable energy sources
Energy production Total investments in 1997-2010,
milliard $
Reduction of СО2 emission
by 2010, mill t/yr
1995 2010
mill toe % mill toe %
Wind energy 0.35 0.5 6.9 3.8 34.56 72
Hydro energy 26.4 35.5 30.55 16.8 17.16 48
Photovoltaic 0.002 0.003 0.26 0.1 10.8 3
Biomass 44.8 60.2 135 74.2 100.8 255
Geothermal energy
2.5 3.4 5.2 2.9 6 5
Solar thermal collectors
0.26 0.4 4 2.2 28.8 19
TOTAL 74.3 100 182 100 198.12 402
Energy potential of biomass in Ukraine (2001)
Institute of Engineering ThermophysicsScientific Engineering Center Biomass
Type of biomass Energy potential, mill toe/year (moderate)
Energy potential, mill toe/year (optimistic)
Cereal crops straw: - Wheat - Barley - Oat - Rye - Other
2.54 0.97 0.79 0.10 0.15 0.20
3.9
Maize for grain/ stems, ears 0.83 1.70 Sunflower/ stems, husk 1.62 1.60 Manure/ biogas 1.1 1.13 Sewage gas - 0.16 Landfill gas 0.21 1.12 Wood wastes: - Felling residues, W 50-60%*). - Wood processing residues, W 40-45%. - Wood processing residues, W 25-30%. - Firewood, W 40-45%.
1.1 0.314 0.114 0.180 0.969
1.4
Fuel from municipal solid waste - 1.3 TOTAL 7.42 12.3
*) W - mass moisture content
The use of RES in 2001-2030 according to Energy Strategy of Ukraine (draft)
Indices
Heat and power production from RES in 2001-2030
2001 2010 2020 2030
mtoe % mtoe % mtoe % mtoe %
Wind energy 0.008 0.2 0.15 3.15 0.7 6.97 1.5 9.95
Solar power 0.001 0.02 0.007 0.07 0.02 0.14
Hydro small 0.1 3.1 0.1 2.16 0.33 3.36 0.45 3.01
Hydro large 3.1 78.69 3.35 68.7 3.91 39.06 4.56 30.3
Solar heat 0.001 0.04 0.08 1.72 0.49 4.88 0.9 5.93
Bioenergy 0.7 17.9 1.16 23.8 4.4 43.9 7.08 46.9
Geothermal energy 0.003 0.07 0.02 0.49 0.17 1.73 0.58 3.84
Total 3.9 100 4.88 100 10.02 100 15.1 100
Share of total consumption of primary energy in Ukraine **)
2.8 3.5 7.1 10.8*) By the end of 2000 total extraction of fossil fuels in Ukraine was 56 mtoe**) By the end of 2000 total primary energy consumption in Ukraine was 140 mtoe
Institute of Engineering ThermophysicsScientific Engineering Center Biomass
Bioenergy equipment, which may be installed in Ukraine up to 2020
Type of equipment
Approximate capacity
of Ukrainian market,
units
Installed capacity
CO2
reduc-tion,
mill t year
Opera-tion
time,
h/year
Fossil fuel
replace-ment,
Mtoe
year
Total invest-ments,
mill
$ US
MWth MWe
Wood-fired DH plants, 1-10 MWth 250 500 --- 0.49 4400 0.21 38
Industrial wood-fired boilers, 0.1-5 MWth 250 250 --- 0.45 8000 0.19 25
Wood-fired CHP plants, 1-10 MWe 1 10 5 0.05 8000 0.014 5
Domestic wood-fired boilers, 10-50 kWth 53000 1590 --- 1.57 4400 0.67 80
Farm straw-fired boilers, 0.1-1 MWth 15900 3180 --- 3.14 4400 1.34 254
Straw-fired DH plants, 1-10 MWth 1400 2800 --- 2.76 4400 1.18 280
Straw-fired CHP plants, 1-10 MWе 1 10 5 0.05 8000 0.014 8
Large-scale biogas plants 2903*) 711 325 22.36 8000 0.93 290
Small-scale LFG power plants 90 20 80 3.26 8000 0.17 48
TOTAL 73795 9071 415 34.13 4.7 1027*) including 2478 plants on cattle farms, 295 plants on pig-breeding farms, 130 plants at poultry factories;
Institute of Engineering ThermophysicsScientific Engineering Center Biomass
CHP or heat only production?
Institute of Engineering ThermophysicsScientific Engineering Center Biomass
Project Wood fired boiler of 10 MWth for steam
supply of plywood plant "ODEK-
Ukraine"
Wood fired CHP of 2,0 MWe + 10 MWth for
steam supply of plywood plant
"ODEK-Ukraine"
Capacity 10 MWth 2,0 MWe + 10 MWth
Investments, mill Euro
1.325 3.668
IRR, % 18 11
Simple paybackperiod, years
5.1 7.1
NPV, th. Euro 636 502
The Netherlands-Ukraine technical assistance project“Energy Saving and CO2 Reduction in the Timber Industry of
Ukraine”Supporting agency: Executing agency SENTER
of Dutch Ministry of Economic Affairs
Project duration: January 1999 – December 2001
The main characteristics of KARA wood fired boiler :Thermal capacity: 1.5 MW Steam output: 2.27 t/h Fuel: wood residues (chips, sawdust, bark) Fuel consumption: 0.7 t/h (moisture 50%) Reduction of CO2: 4000 t/year Saving of natural gas: 1.2 mill m3/year Investment: $ 215 000Payback period: 3.2 years
Drying chamber KARA Net volume of drying wood: 80 m3
Involved parties:
SENTER Malin State KARA Energy Systems TNO-MEP SEC Biomass Timber Enterprise
Institute of Engineering ThermophysicsScientific Engineering Center Biomass
Reduction in the Timber Industry of Ukraine” Supporting agency: Executing agency SENTER
of Dutch Ministry of Economic Affairs
Project duration: January 1999 – December 2001 The main characteristics of KARA
wood fired boiler:
Thermal capacity: 5 MWSteam output: 7.8 t/hSteam overpressure: 10 barFuel: wood residuesFuel consumption: 2 t/h (moisture 40%)Reserve fuel: natural gasReduction of CO2: 15000 t/year
Saving of natural gas: 4.3 mill m3/year Investment: $ 430 000Payback period: 1.8 years
Involved parties:
SENTER ODEK Ukraine KARA Energy Systems TNO-MEP SEC Biomass
The Netherlands-Ukraine technical assistance project “Energy Saving and CO2
Institute of Engineering ThermophysicsScientific Engineering Center Biomass
Existing wood waste at plywood plant “ODEK Ukraine”
Institute of Engineering ThermophysicsScientific Engineering Center Biomass
“ Introduction of a Small–scale Straw-fired Heat Production in Ukraine” Supporting agency: Danish Energy Agency
The main characteristics straw-fired boiler:
Type RAU 2-1210Manufacturer PASSAT Energy A/S (Denmark)Thermal capacity 1 MW Water content of storage tank 32 m3
Straw quantity per feeding Approx. 1500 kg (3 big bales)Combustion period Approx. 5 hoursBoiler efficiency 81.4%Straw consumption per heating period 1114 t Quantity of substituted gas per heating period: 385 th m3 Investment $ 100 000Payback period 4.7 years
Involved parties:
Straw-fired boiler Straw baler “New Holland”RAU 2-1210
Support Center for Danish Projekt
The Danish Agricultural
Advisory Centre
Danish Technological
Institute
Passat Energi A/S
Agrofirma “DiM” Ltd
State Committee of Ukraine
Scientific EngineeringCenter “Biomass”
The Danish-Ukraine technical assistance project
Institute of Engineering ThermophysicsScientific Engineering Center Biomass
1 MW straw fired boiler at “Agrofirma DIM”
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Loading of straw fired boiler
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“CO2 reduction by implementation of a CHP biogas plant in the pig breeding industry”
Supporting agency: Executing agency SENTER of Netherlands Ministry of Economic Affairs Project duration: January 2000 – June 2001
Involved parties:
Executing agency
SENTER
BTG Biomasstechnology Group BV
Agro-Oven Ltd.
UkrNIIagroproekt State Committee of Ukraine for
Energy Conservation
Scientific Engineering Center “Biomass”
The Netherlands-Ukraine technical assistance project
Institute of Engineering ThermophysicsScientific Engineering Center Biomass
The main characteristics of CHP biogas plant :Pig manure flow rate: 80 t/dayTotal solids contents: 2-3.5 %Digesters volume: 21000 m3Biogas production: 750 Nm3/dayUtilization of biogas: two CHP units (capacity 80 kWel +160 kWth each)CO2 reduction: 7500 t/yrMineral fertilizers substitution:
N - 160 t/yr, P - 90 t/yr, K - 65 t/yrInvestment: $ 413 000 Payback period: 8.1 years
2×1000 m3 digesters with 80 kWe + 160 kWth CHP units at “Agro-Oven” Ltd, village Elenovka, Dnipropetrovsk oblast’
Institute of Engineering ThermophysicsScientific Engineering Center Biomass
EcoLinks Partnership Grants Program
Involved parties :
EcoLinks program SCS Engineers AOZT “Protos” SEC “Biomass”
“Reduction of Greenhouse Effect through Methane Utilization at Lugansk Landfill”
Project duration : February 2002 – February 2003
Technical features :Landfill volume: 2 000 000 m3Biogas production: 8 000 000 m3/yearCalorific value of biogas: 18 MJ/m3Power plant capacity: 1.5 MWInvestment: $1 345 000 ($571 000)CO2 reduction 62000 t/yearIRR: 39% (17%)Payback period: 2.0 (4.6)
Institute of Engineering ThermophysicsScientific Engineering Center Biomass
January 2003
Three demonstration wells
Landfill gas flow – 90 m3/hour
CH4 content – 60%
Reduction of Greenhouse Effect through Methane Utilization at Lugansk Landfill
EcoLinks Partnership Grants Program, a United States Agency for International Development program
Institute of Engineering ThermophysicsScientific Engineering Center Biomass
Institute of Engineering ThermophysicsScientific Engineering Center Biomass
Bioenergy projects are mostly bankable projects
Project Wood fired boiler of 10
MWth for steam
supply of plywood plant
"ODEK-Ukraine"
Wood fired
boiler of 6 MWth for hot water supply of Slavutich
Sunflower husk fired
CHP of sunflower oil
plant "Kirovograd
Oliya"
1,5 MWe LFG power
plant at Lugansk landfill, Ukraine
Extraction, Collection
and Utilisation of
LFG at the Odessa landfill
Capacity 10 MWth 6 MWth 3.7 MWe +
28 MWth
1.5 MWe Collection up to 9 mill m3 of
biogas/y
Investments,th. Euro
1325 760 6750 1670 555
IRR, % 18 36 14.5 17.4 39
Payback period, years
5.1 2.7 7.5 4.9 2.5
NPV,th. Euro 636 810 4132 575 67
Institute of Engineering ThermophysicsScientific Engineering Center Biomass
Biomass for energy is one of the best options for GHG emission
reduction
Typical levels of GHG reduction for different types of energy production projects
Type of energy production project
Reduction of CO2e during
2008-2012,kt CO2e/ MWe
Income from JI(under 3$/t
CO2e),
k$/ MWe
Income from JI (under 3$/t CO2e),
% of total investments
Energy from biomass
26.0-287.0 78.0-861.0 7.8-86.0
Wind power 7.7-32.0 23.1-96.0 2.3-9.6
Hydro power 11.3 33.9 3.4
Geothermal 24.0 72.0 7.2
Co-generation (CHP)
14.8 44.4 4.4
*) data of EcoSecurities Ltd. Refocus, Jan/Feb 2002.
Institute of Engineering ThermophysicsScientific Engineering Center Biomass
Parameters of the Ukrainian bioenergy projects Project Wood fired boiler
of 10 MWth for
steam supply of plywood plant
"ODEK-Ukraine"
Sunflower husk fired CHP of sunflower oil
plant "Kirovograd Oliya"
1,5 MWe LFG power plant at
Lugansk landfill, Ukraine
Extraction, Collection and
Utilisation of LFG at the Odessa
landfill
Capacity 10 MWth 3.7 MWe + 28
MWth
1.5 MWe Collection up to 9 mill m3 of biogas/y
Investments,th. Euro
1325 6750 1670 555
IRR, % 18 14.5 17.4 39
Payback period, y 5.1 7.5 4.9 2.5
CO2 emission
reduction, th t/y
20 45 62 64
Income from CO2 credit (5 Euro/ t CO2 during 2008-2012), th Euro
500 1125 1550 1600
Income from CO2 credit/ total investments, %
37 16 93 288
JI Projects developed by SECB in 2004
Institute of Engineering ThermophysicsScientific Engineering Center Biomass
N Title Status
1 District heating system rehabilitation of Chernigiv Region
Fully prepared and validated for ERUPT-4
2 Methane capture at the Odessa municipal solid waste landfill
Fully prepared and validated for ERUPT-5
3 Utilization of sunflower seed husks for steam and power production at OJSC “Kirovogradoliya”
PDD stage for Austrian JI/CDM Program
4 Rehabilitation of the district heating system of Crimea
PDD stage for Austrian JI/CDM Program
5 Electric Power Production on Stripped Casing-head Gas at Boryslav city
PIN stage for Austrian JI/CDM Program
SEC Biomass plan is to submit 10-20 JI projects in 2005. The nearest ones: 1. “Coal mine methane capture and utilization at Bazhanov mine”2. “Coal mine methane capture and utilization at Krasnolimanskaya mine”3. “Coal mine methane capture and utilization at Kirov mine”4. “District heating system rehabilitation in Rivne Region”
Ukraine has a huge potential for “concentrated” biomass export to EU:
· Wood, straw and other agricultural residues pellets, briquettes, charcoal; · Liquid biomass fuels (rapeseed oil, bioethanol, pyrolysis oil etc); At the moment Ukraine has surplus of biomass and have no bioenergy equipment (and money to build it). Export of biomass to EU countries is a good and practically the only one market chance for Ukraine to reserve money for bioenergy development. The possible schema: · Establishment of “National Bioenergy Fund” in Ukraine; · Commercial export of biomass to EU; · Some share of received money have to be transferred to “National Bioenergy Fund” for support of national bioenergy development.
Institute of Engineering ThermophysicsScientific Engineering Center Biomass
Driving forces of bioenergy development in Ukraine
1. Permanent growth of traditional energy prices. 2. Possibility to increase energy independence. 3. Possibility to develop local economy (money goes not to oil
and gas exporting countries but remain in the region). 4. Growing possibilities for biomass export. 5. Kyoto Protocol process with CO2 emission reduction request
and possibilities of CO2 credits. 6. Permanent strengthening of ecological norms.7. Possibility to reduce unemployment.
Institute of Engineering ThermophysicsScientific Engineering Center Biomass
R&D activities in Bioenergy Laboratory of IET
Institute of Engineering ThermophysicsScientific Engineering Center Biomass
1. Underscrew wood-fired boiler (CRDF project, 2003-2005)
Capacity: 100 kWEfficiency: 85%Fuel: wood chips,
wood sawdust, peat
2. Twin FB gasifier for sorted MSW (STCU project, 2004-2006).
3. Straw bales fired boiler (Ministry of Science project, 2004).
Conclusions
Institute of Engineering ThermophysicsScientific Engineering Center Biomass
• Biomass for energy has the biggest from RES feasible potential for Ukraine (up to 10 % of primary energy consumption).
• Heat production is more feasible in most cases than CHP or power production.
• Bioenergy projects are mostly bankable projects. • Biomass for energy is one of the best options for GHG emission
reduction. • Ukraine has a huge potential for biomass export to EU.
Ukraine has all opportunities for fast development of bioenergy sector!
First announcement
International Conference on JI Projects in Ukraine “Climate Change and Business”
October 3-5, 2005, Kyiv, Ukraine
Organized by:• Ministry for Environmental Protection of Ukraine• Institute of Engineering Thermophysics of the National
Academy of Sciences of Ukraine• Institute of Engineering Ecology• SEC “BIOMASS”
Conference web site: www.biomass.kiev.ua/JIconference
Thank you for your attention!
For further information please contact:
Dr. Georgiy Geletukha
Tel/fax: +380 44 456 6365,
E-mail: [email protected],
http://www.biomass.kiev.ua
Institute of Engineering ThermophysicsScientific Engineering Center Biomass