Bioeconomy - one of the ways for Europe

reindustralisation.

Opportunities for Poland-Ukraine

cooperation

Prof. dr hab. Stanisław Bielecki

Lodz University of Technology

Ukrainian-Polish Forum of Rectors of Technological Universities

Lwow, November 6-8, 2014.

Lodz province –the center of

Poland – the geographic

center of Europe

Lodz University of Technology

is situated in the centre of Lodz,

one of Poland’s biggest cities

City of unique historical and

cultural heritage.

Over 740 000 habitants.

Flourished as an industrial town (textile industry) in

19th and 20th centuries.

Contact Group for the

Bioeconomy Observatory

TWG Sustainable Biomass

Supply for a Growing Economy

TWG Market Making in

the Bioeconomy

Application of biotechnology

bioprocesses and biorpducts for

productions of goods and services

-OECD

Źródło: http://biocircular.com/about/

Bioeconomy will be an

important pillar of Europe’s

economy in future,

indispensable to sustainable

economic growth,

employment, energy supply

and to maintaining the

standard of living.

Bioeconomy for Europe

• 22 mln persons are employed in

bioeconomy (9% jobs in EU)-

Biogospodarka 20.03.2014 r.

Biomass

Dlaczego Biogospodarka

T.Schaffer, 3rd CLIB Conference, Dusseldorf, 2012

BIOMASS

Materiały

Chemikalia

Paliwa

Energia

Źródło: http://www.wageningenur.nl/

1500

1250

1000

World TechnicalEnergy biomassdemand potential(2050) (2050)

600

500 World energy demand (2008)

Sustainable biomasspotential Crops w /o ex clusion

250 (2050)

200 Worldbiomassdemand

50 (2050) Forestry and

agriculture residues

Total world primary energy demand in 2050 in World Energy Assessment (600 - 1000 EJ/year)

EJ

/ Yea

r

Modelled biomass demand in 2050 as found in literature studies. (50 - 250 EJ/year)

World biomass

demand (2008)

Sustainable biomass potential in 2050 (200-500 EJ/year). Sustainable biomass potentials consist of: (i) residues from agriculture

and forestry; (ii) surplus forest material (net annual increment minus current harvest); (iii) energy crops, excluding areas with

moderately degraded soils and/or moderate water scarcity; (iv) additional energy crops grown in areas with moderately degraded

soils and/or moderate water scarcity and (v) additional potential when agricultural productivity increases faster than historic

trends thereby producing more food from the same land area.

Technical potential for biomass production in 2050 as found in literature studies. (50 - 1500 EJ/year).

Surplus forestry

Crops w ith ex clusion

Agricultural productiv ity

improv ement

Current world energy demand (500 EJ/year)

Current world biomass use (50 EJ/year)

Biomass and Energy demand

Polish agriculture

Cultivated land - 18.9 mln ha (60,3% of Polish

teritory; average for EU – 40.1%)

Production (mln ton):

Cereals 26.8

Potatoes 8.7

Sugar beets 11.7

Rapeseeds 1.7

Fruits 3.1

Vegetables 5.3

Cultivated mushrooms 0.2

Meat 3.4

Milk 11.9

Eggs 0.5

Source: GUS 2012Prof. Lech Michalczuk

Research Institute of Horticulture, Skierniewice

Polish food industry

• Production sold: 37 billion € (22% of total industrial

production sold in Poland).

• Gross value added (GVA): 10 billion € (12.7% of

total GVA in Polish industry and 6.5% of total GVA

in EU industry);

1.2 times higher than GVA in mining industry,

2.2 times higher than GVA in car manufacturing,

4.1 times higher than GVA in fuel and

petrochemical industry

6.5 times higher than GVA in electronics and

computer manufacturing.

• Export (2011): 15.1 billion € (10.6% of total Polish

export)

• Trade balance +2.58 billion €.

Source: GUS 2012 Prof. Lech Michalczuk

Research Institute of Horticulture, Skierniewice

The main factors limiting

increase of biomass production

in Poland

< 1% 1-2%

2-3.5%

> 3.5%

Soil organic

matter

content

Soil degradationorganic matter content

• During last 30 years organic matter content in

cultivated soils in Poland has decreased by

40%, mainly due to the reduction or total

elimination of organic fertilization and

inadequate crop rotation.

• At present, organic matter content in Polish

soils averages 1.25 % (Bieńkowski and

Jankowiak 2006).

• Soils with organic matter content below 1.7%

are considered degraded and require

recultivation (Panagos et al., 2008, 2013).

• Soil formation processes (pedogenesis) lasts

centuries. Thus, in practical terms soil is a

nonrenewable resource.Prof. Lech Michalczuk

Research Institute of Horticulture, Skierniewice

source: Hołubowicz and Kliza, 2004

Soil degradationacidity

• Soil acidicity in Poland is the highest in

Europe; 60% are acidic (4.5 <pH <6.5)

or very acidic (pH < 4.5).

• With exception of acidophilous plants,

low soil acidity decrease agricultural

productivity.

• Low soil acidity slowers organic matter

decomposition. Increasing soil pH by

liming would have positive effect on

plant productivity, but would further

increase organic matter degradation. Prof. Lech Michalczuk

Research Institute of Horticulture, Skierniewice

-160 mm

-140 mm

-120 mm

-100 mm

-80 mm

-60 mm

-40 mm

-20 mm

0

+20 mm

+40 mm

+80 mm

+100 mm

Climatic water balance(average for 1990-2000)

• Poland has one of the lowest

water balances in EU, after

Malta.

• To counteract water deficit

during drought periods, it is

necessary to irrigate the crops.

• Since the resources of surface

waters are limited, irrigation is a

big part is done with water taken

from deep aquifers, which is a

non-renowable resource.

Prof. Lech Michalczuk

Research Institute of Horticulture, Skierniewice

Residual biomassHow much harvest residues can be sustainably removed from

agrocenose

• Residual biomass in cereal/rape production averages 4.5 t per ha (1

ton of root biomass and 3.5 ton of straw).

• To reconstitute soil biomass content to the desired level (1.7%) it is

necessary to add additional 27.4 ton of biomass per hectare.

Prof. Lech Michalczuk

Research Institute of Horticulture, Skierniewice

• Substantial increase of sustainable biomass production in Poland is not

realistic in the next several years.

• The existing agricultural potential shall be used for production of food crops

and animal feed to be processed into high quality food products.

• R&D activity in Poland in the area of bioeconomy shall be focussed on:

preventing further soil degradation and reconstitution of soil biomass and

biodiversity (eco-biotechnology),

strengthening innovativeness, and thus increasing competitiveness of Polish

food industry,

developing technologies for conversion of secondary biomass (residues from

food industry, household and municipal wastes) into biofuels and raw

industrial materials,

developing technologies for non-agricultural biomass production (close circuit

plant and algae aquaculture, genetically engineered aquatic plants)

mitigating global warming effect on agriculture.

Conclusions

Prof. Lech Michalczuk

Research Institute of Horticulture, Skierniewice

Forests and wood in Poland – strategic natural resources;

determining factors:

– forest area covers 1/3 of the country,

– large growing stock - 7th place in the EU,

– large wood production - 5th place in the EU

Forestry-wood sector – a provider of renewable natural raw

materials for materials purposes (94% of wood) – mainly for the

production of high value-added products (furniture, flooring,

doors)

Forestry-wood sector – the main source of biomass for bioenergy

(wood, by-products, pellets)

Forestry-wood sector – a creator of a number of green jobs and a

stimulus to the development of rural areas

Specificity of the forestry-wood

sector in Poland

Ewa Ratajczak, Wood Technology Instittute, Poznań

The development of BIO-ECONOMY in Poland

needs:

1)widespreaded and intense rising of awareness of the

need for a comprehensive approach to biological

resources, including agriculture and forestry resources;

2)creation of mechanisms conducive to their rational use.

Ewa Ratajczak, Wood twechnology Institute, Poznan

PLANT BIOMASS

FIBROUS POLYMER COMPOSITES WITH NANOCELLULOSE FILLERS

TECHNICAL NONWOVENS(GEOTEXTILES, AGROTEXTILES FILTRATION MATERIALS) SWEAT ABSORBING INSERTS SANITARY TEXTILES

AGEING AND CONTROLLEDBIODEGRADATION OF COMPOSITES USE OF DEGRADATION PRODUCTS IN AGRICULTURE (COMPOSTING)

FATTY DIMER-DIOLS

CELLULOSENANOFIBRES BIODEGRADABLE

CO-POLYESTERS

Bioethanol

T.Kapela

Biogas

• 32 plants so far

• rather small and medium

T.Kapela

BIOGAS installations

Microbial desulfurisation

Summary

The state of Polish IB sector:

• relatively high research potential (experience in national and international research projects, suitable equipment etc.)

• surprisingly small number of international patents (1 in 2007 and 3 in 2009) despite multiple national patents and patent applications

• insufficient implementation of research outcomes in industry

Summary

The state of Polish IB sector:

• The Polish IB sector rarely produces new-to-the-

world products (mostly modification of existing

ones)

• Promising support from Polish authorities

BIOSTRATEGNCRD

The program includes five strategic problem areas, arising directlyfrom the National Research Programme, in accordance with thepriority directions of research carried out in the European Union and in the world.

These areas are:

• Food safety;

• Rational management of natural resources with particularemphasis on water management;

• Prevention and adaptation of climate change, with particularemphasis on agriculture;

• Protection of biodiversity and sustainable development of theagricultural production;

• Forestry and wood industry.

SECTORAL PROGRAMThe sectoral programs are programs funding of R & D in enterprises in a given sector of

the economy, created as a response to the needs of the environment representatives -

affiliated businesses operating in the sector.

INNOBIO

POLISH BIOECONOMY TECHNOLOGICAL PLATFORM

POLISH FOOD TECHNOLOGICAL PLATFORM

POLISH BIOFUELS AND BIOCOMPONENTS TECHNOLOGICAL PLATFORM

POLISH WOOD TECHNOLOGICAL PLATFORM

POLISH TEXTILE INDUSTRY TECHNOLOGICAL PLATFORM

POLISH ECO-INNOVATION TECHNOLOGICAL PLATFORM

POLISH INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

bio-industry companies, universities, research institutes

INNOBIO covers the following areas

Innovative technologies in primary agricultural and forestry

New generation fertilizers

Agricultural machinery

Food of the highest quality including: pro-health food, functional food,

innovative processing, innovative production processes

and packaging and storage

Biomass, bioplastics and biomaterials as a base for the chemical industry,

packaging, cosmetics, food, pharmaceutical and other sectors of the economy

Biotechnology Industry

Biotechnology in Medicine

Biorefineries and energy centers based on biomass

Processing of chemical waste, bioremediation

Research & Education in Biotechnology

111 units of R&D in biotechnology

• 85 universities (4 diffrent types)

• 13 research institutes

• 12 PAS institutes

• International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (Warsaw)

• Spin-off companies (available funding from NC R&D)

The Meeting

of the

Presidium of Ukrainian, German and

Polish Rectors Conferences

will be held in Warszawa

In the mid of next December

to discuss the scintific

colaboration.

Organised by CRASP

Let’s solve the bioeconomy

problems together

„En Route to Knowledge-Based Bio-Economy”

Campus B

Thank You for your attention