Biodiversity under Threat-CASE STUDIES

CONSERVATION INTERNATIONAL: Biodiversity Management Strategies-E.g. Amapa, a Brazilian Statethe Amapa Biodiversity Corridor was created-The longest continuous protected forest area covers 70% of the state-Established in 2003, contains national parks and protected species-Social and economic development must occur alongside conservation Support sustainable economy arrangements Strengthen sustainable production of fish and timber Sustainable use of the states natural resources

E.g. Eastern Tropical Pacific SeascapeCosta Rica, Ecuador, Panama and Colombia, covering 2 million km2-Area is important for commercial fishing, tourism and shipping-Mangroves protect people from soil erosion and extreme weather events, also holding nurseries for commercial species, such as clams and carbon storage-Fisheries operate unsustainably and there is over fishing-Loss of keystone species, i.e. the cobster, vital for the ecosystem Work with communities to sustainably fish Technical and organisational assistance in the development of this area Funding is needed to stop governments from allowing over fishing

E.g. Liberias Nimbar Mountainsmined to get expensive ore Empowers local communities to share economic benefits of mining Encourage the protection of the natural resources they rely on Identify alternative livelihood investments Promote sustainable jobs and work with governments

Cevennes National Park-Biosphere Reserve--A biodiversity hotspot under threatBiosphere reserve- Core and periphery areas that are highly managed-Managed by a public body-Small scale, less species than bigger biosphere reserves-Became a biosphere reserve in 1985 by UNESCO-Large population living in the core zone-Stretches to 3 different departments in FranceAIMS- Development of tourism potential Ecotourism Hiking and outdoor sports Eco-museums and information centresUSED FOR forestry and cattle farming, so economic gain is high in this areaRE-INTRODUCTION PROGRAMME SUCCESS-European Bison Reserve:-40 European bison existed in 1923-The reserve currently holds up to 42 bison and provides an environment similar to what the bison would have hadPrzewalski Horse:-Last remaining wild horse species-The Cevennes breeding centre teaches the horses how to live in the wild The Golden Eagle:-Numbers have dropped because dead livestock has reduced and shooting and electrocution of the eagles has occurredThe Griffon Vulture:-280 resting couples in 2010 thanks to the re-introduction schemeGROUPS- PNC action on special interest habitats and species The management of hunting The management of forested areasMaya Biosphere Reserve, Guatemala--1990 made a biosphere reserve by the government-In Central America, it is the worlds largest interrupted tropical rainforest north of the Amazon-Divided into national protected areas, protected areas where harvesting trees and other resources is prohibited, and multi-use zones where sustainable harvesting wood and non-timber products is allowed-Many community operations occur, including organizing forestry businesses into concessions that are certified to Forest Stewardship Council (FSC)-Products coming out of the forest have to be extracted in a responsible manner-Theres been less deforestation and wildfires

DIFFICULTIES- Locals have different needs, dont want to conserve biodiversity over economic gain Logging and poaching may still occur illegally