BIODIVERSITY I BIOL 1051 What are Viruses?
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MICRO-ORGANISMS
PROKARYOTES EUKARYOTES
BACTERIA ARCHAEA AMOEBOZOA ARCHAEPLASTIDA CHROMALVEOLATA EXCAVATA
VIRUSES
RHIZARIAOPISTOKONTA
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What are Viruses?
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What are Viruses?• 1. Viruses are very very small• 2. Viruses are NOT cells.• 3. Size and shape of viruses • 4. Viral structures • 5. Virus multiplication • 6. Virus diversity • 7. Viroids and Prions
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What are Viruses?• 1. Viruses are very very small• 2. Viruses are NOT cells.• 3. Size and shape of viruses • 4. Viral structures • 5. Virus multiplication • 6. Virus diversity • 7. Viroids and Prions
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1. Viruses are very
very small
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What are Viruses?• 1. Viruses are very very small• 2. Viruses are NOT cells.• 3. Size and shape of viruses • 4. Viral structures • 5. Virus multiplication • 6. Virus diversity • 7. Viroids and Prions
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2. Viruses are NOT cells.1. Obligate intracellular parasites 2. Small- filterable through bacteriological
filters 3. Contain a single type of nucleic acid, either
DNA or RNA 4. Contain a protein coat (the capsid) consisting
of individual protein units (capsomeres) 5. May contain a host-derived lipid membrane
(the envelope) through which may be inserted viral proteins (spikes or peplomeres)
6. Multiply inside living cells by using the biosynthetic machinery of the host
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What are Viruses?• 1. Viruses are very very small• 2. Viruses are NOT cells.• 3. Size and shape of viruses • 4. Viral structures • 5. Virus multiplication • 6. Virus diversity • 7. Viroids and Prions
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3. Size and shape of viruses
Icosahedral (20 faces) symmetry
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1.3 Size and shape of viruses
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3. Size and shape of viruses
PoliovirusFoot & Mouth Disease Virus (FMDV)
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3. Size and shape of viruses
Helicalsymmetry
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What are Viruses?• 1. Viruses are very very small• 2. Viruses are NOT cells.• 3. Size and shape of viruses • 4. Viral structures • 5. Virus multiplication • 6. Virus diversity • 7. Viroids and Prions
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4. Viral structures
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4. Viral structures
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What are Viruses?• 1. Viruses are very very small• 2. Viruses are NOT cells.• 3. Size and shape of viruses • 4. Viral structures • 5. Virus multiplication • 6. Virus diversity • 7. Viroids and Prions
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5. Virus multiplication
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5. Virus multiplication
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What are Viruses?• 1. Viruses are very very small• 2. Viruses are NOT cells.• 3. Size and shape of viruses • 4. Viral structures • 5. Virus multiplication • 6. Virus diversity • 7. Viroids and Prions
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6. Virus diversity
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6. Virus diversity
(Baltimore classification)
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What are Viruses?• 1. Viruses are very very small• 2. Viruses are NOT cells.• 3. Size and shape of viruses • 4. Viral structures • 5. Virus multiplication • 6. Virus diversity • 7. Viroids and Prions
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7. Viroids
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7. Viroids
Potato Spindle Tuber Viroid
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7. Prions
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7. Prions
PrP C : host-derived prion protein
PrP SC : Infectious conformational
isomer
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7. Prions
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7. Prions: Reproduction theories
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What are Viruses?
• REFERENCE: MADIGAN, MT, MARTINKO, JM, & PARKER, J. Brock Biology of Microorganisms, 10th ed, 2003, PRENTICE HALL, p.231-265.
• PURVES, WK, SADAVA, D, ORIANS, GH, HELLER, HC. Life, The Science of Biology, 6th ed, 2001, Sinauer Assiciates Inc., p. 239-244.
• Charles Weissmann, THE STATE OF THE PRION, NATURE REVIEWS,MICROBIOLOGY VOLUME 2 | NOVEMBER 2004 | 861-871
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Lecture 4: What are Viruses?• WEB sites:• http://library.thinkquest.org/13373/intro/intro.htm • http://www.tulane.edu/~dmsander/WWW/224/
Classification224.html • http://www.bocklabs.wisc.edu/ed/genomes.gif • http://www.tulane.edu/~dmsander/WWW/224/
Classification224.html • http://www.uct.ac.za/microbiology/tutorial/
other_autonomous_or_semi.htm• http://www.uct.ac.za/microbiology/tutorial/
other_autonomous_or_semi.htm • Russell Kightley Media
• http://www.mad-cow.org/prion_evol.html