Biodiversity. Genetic Mutations Change in base pairs Affect sequence May affect protein production...
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Transcript of Biodiversity. Genetic Mutations Change in base pairs Affect sequence May affect protein production...
![Page 1: Biodiversity. Genetic Mutations Change in base pairs Affect sequence May affect protein production Can alter genetic makeup within species.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022083009/5697c0231a28abf838cd3f94/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Biodiversity
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Genetic Mutations
• Change in base pairs• Affect sequence• May affect protein production• Can alter genetic makeup within species
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Point Mutations
• Small-scale mutations• 4 main types:
– Substitution– Insertion– Deletion– Inversion
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Large-Scale Mutation
• Amplified results• Multiple nucleotides affected
– Regions/genes affected• Duplication • Deletion• Frame shift• Translocation
![Page 5: Biodiversity. Genetic Mutations Change in base pairs Affect sequence May affect protein production Can alter genetic makeup within species.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022083009/5697c0231a28abf838cd3f94/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
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Causes of Genetic Mutation
• Spontaneous – DNA replication
• Induced – Mutagens– Chemical– Radiation
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Good Mutations
• Majority are neutral mutations • Survival of the fittest• Lactose intolerant • Sickle-cell anemia
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Human Genome Project
• Over 200 scientists– Coding and non-coding regions
• <2% proteins• 24% introns• ~75% DNA
– >50% non-functional
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Repeating Sequences
• Variable number tandem repeats (VNTRs) aka microsatellites• Telomeres • Long interspersed nuclear elements (LINES)• Short interspersed nuclear elements (SINES)
– Transposons– Pseudogene
• Dolphins
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Homework
• Page 345 # 1, 2, 6• Page 349 # 1, 3, 5, 8