Biodiversity and Endemism
Transcript of Biodiversity and Endemism
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BIODIVERSITY AND ENDEMISM
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Biodiversity The variety of genes, species and
ecosystems in an area. It is a measure of the variety of living
things and their genetic variations. Totality of the genes, species and
ecosystems in a region.
The main aspects of biodiversity are Genetic diversity Species diversity and Ecosystem diversity
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ASPECTS OF BIODIVERSITY
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GENETIC DIVERSITYGenetic variability within one species.
SPECIES DIVERSITYNumber of different species in an area
ECOSYSTEM DIVERSITYThe range of different habitats, ecosystems and niches in an area.
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SpeciesGroup of organisms with so many features
in common that they can mate and produce sexually viable offspring.
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Species richnessNumber of different species in an
ecological community at a particular time.
Gene poolSet of all genes or genetic information in
any population.A large gene pool indicates extensive
genetic diversity and high chance of survival.
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Measuring biodiversity within a habitat
Species richnessThe simplest way to measure
biodiversity is to count the number of different species in an environment.
Genetic diversityIf there are a large number of alleles
of each gene, then they have higher genetic diversity.
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Simpson’s index It is a measure of diversity.
This takes into account the number of species present as well as the relative abundance of each species.
It is measured by using the formula
D = Σn(n - 1) N(N - 1)
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where N = the total number of organisms of all species and
n = the total number of organisms of a particular species
from which Simpson’s Diversity Index, 1 – D, is found.
It ranges from 0 to 0.9999
High species diversity increases the chance of species survival.
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Endemism and biodiversity The situation where a species is found
only in one particular area
Species of plants and animals which are found exclusively in a particular area is called endemic species.
Endemism occurs when species are separated and cannot interbreed.
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There is a possibility to become two different species. (speciation)
Genetic diversity is very low.
Areas with many endemic populations are very vulnerable to the changes in the environment.
Example : red kangaroo found only in Australia
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Biodiversity ‘Hotspots’
It is a biogeographic region that is both with significant reservoir of biodiversity and is threatened with destruction.