BioControl of Waterhyacinth and Hydrilla
49
BioControl of Waterhyacinth and Hydrilla James P. Cuda, PhD Associate Professor 2012 Aquatic Weed Control Short Course 7-10 May 2012
Transcript of BioControl of Waterhyacinth and Hydrilla
BioControl of Waterhyacinth and Hydrilla
James P Cuda PhD Associate Professor
2012 Aquatic Weed Control Short Course 7-10 May 2012
Acknowledgements bull Ted Center bull R ldquoCharurdquo Charudattan bull Mike Grodowitz bull Mike Netherland bull Bill Overholt bull Judy Shearer bull Karen Stratman bull Phil Tipping bull USDA NIFA Grant
Outline
bull Historical Perspective bull Current Activities bull Questions Comments
Outline bull Historical Perspective- Waterhyacinth BioControl
Waterhyacinth Worldwide Distribution
httpwwwdiscoverlifeorgmp20mkind=Eichhornia
bull Important Milestones 1884- Introduced at Exposition in New Orleans 1890- First Discovered in Florida 1950s- Occupied 51000 ha in Water Bodies 1970- Discovery of Native Mite Orthogalumna 1972- First Neochetina Weevil Introduced 1974- Second Neochetina Weevil Introduced 1974- Discovery of Cercospora Fungus in FL 1977- Niphograpta Moth Introduced 2010- Release of Megamalus Bug
Waterhyacinth amp BioControl in FL
Waterhyacinth Mite amp Moth Orthogalumna terebrantis
Niphograpta albiguttalis
Waterhyacinth Weevils
Neochetina Adults amp Damage Neochetina Larva amp Damage
S Florida Canal- 1980s
Photo credit T Center USDA
Neochetina spp
S Florida Canal- 1980s
Photo credit T Center USDA
Water Hyacinath Fungus Cercospora piaropi
Photo credit R Charudattan UF (Retired)
Integrating Weevils amp Fungus
bull Neochetina Weevils with Cercospora Fungus Photo credit R Charudattan UF (Retired)
Outline bull Current Activities Waterhyacinth BioControl
Waterhyacinth- New Agent Megamalus scutellaris
(Hem Delphacidae)
Photo credit P Tipping USDA
Feeding Damage
Photo credit P Tipping USDA
No Biocontrol
Biocontrol
Status of Biological Suppression of Waterhyacinth in Florida bull Biomass suppression 41-68 (4-15 TA) bull Seed suppression 157 K m-2 bull Degree of suppression dependent on abiotic and biotic factors bull Coverage still high despite suppression only reduced under lower nutrient conditions
Photo credit P Tipping USDA
Outline bull Historical Perspective Hydrilla BioControl
Worldwide Distribution of Hydrilla
httpwwwdiscoverlifeorgmp20mkind=Hydrilla+verticillataampguide=Aquatic_Invasives
bull Important Milestones 1950s- Hydrilla introduced into Florida 1968- Correctly IDrsquod herbicides ineffective 1970s- Rapid spread throughout Florida 1972- Release of grass carp in FL 1976- Discovery of adventive Parapoynx moth 1987- Release of Bagous tuber weevil 1987- Release of first Hydrellia leaf miner 1989- Release of 2nd Hydrellia leaf miner 1990- Discovery of Mycoleptodiscus fungus 1991- Release of Bagous stem Weevil 1992- Discovery of Cricotopus midge in FL 2000- Discovery of fluridone resistance
Hydrilla amp BioControl in Florida
Augmentative BioControl
bull Release of Large Numbers of a Biological Control Agent to Achieve a Rapid Effect
bull There is No Expectation the Biological Control Agent will Establish a Permanent (= Reproducing) Population
Augmentative Hydrilla BioControl
GRASS CARP
bull Sterile (Triploid) Grass Carp Used to Manage Hydrilla
bull BUT- They Are Not Selective Feeders
bull Can Only be Used in Closed Water Bodies
UF
Hydrilla Bioherbicide
Mycoleptodiscus terrestris (Native Fungal Pathogen)
Fortuitous (Adventive) BioControl
bull Regulation of a Weed Population by a Natural Enemy that Has Arrived from Elsewhere Without Deliberate Introduction
bull No Active Human Involvement
Fortuitous Hydrilla BioControl
bull Adventive sp from Asia bull Collected in 1976
Ft Lauderdale Area bull Hydrilla- Principle Host
Plant bull Introduced via Aquarium
Trade bull Damage to Hydrilla
Minimal amp Sporadic ndash Poor BioControl Agent copy H Clifford
Parapoynx diminutalis
Importation (Classical) BioControl bull Introduction and Release of Host
Specific Natural Enemies from the Weedrsquos Native Range to Reduce Its Growth Reproduction or Density in the Adventive1 Range
1Arrived into a specified geographical region from
elsewhere by ANY means
Classical Hydrilla BioControl
Hydrilla Tuber Weevil Bagous affinis
Classical Hydrilla BioControl
Hydrilla Stem Borer Bagous hydrillae
Classical Hydrilla BioControl
Hydrilla Leaf Miners Hydrellia spp
Impact of Hydrellia Flies
Photo credit M Grodowitz ERDC Doyle et al (2002)
Factors Impacting Hydrellia
y = -53114x + 23004R2 = 05772
0
400
800
1200
1600
2000
20 25 30 35 40 45
MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE (oC)
DEN
SITY
bull Hydrilla Mat Surface Temperature
Factors Impacting Hydrellia bull Predation by Damselfly amp Dragonfly Naiads
0200400600800
10001200140016001800
6-Jul-
95
4-Aug-9
5
13-S
ep-95
12-O
ct-95
9-Nov
-95
13-D
ec-95
29-Ja
n-96
28-Feb
-96
27-M
ar-96
29-A
pr-96
29-M
ay-96
25-Ju
n-96
24-Ju
l-96
27-A
ug-96
25-S
ep-96
22-O
ct-96
25-N
ov-96
28-Ja
n-97
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
HP LARVAE
DRAGONFLY NAIADS
UK
HYD
REL
LIA
DEN
SITY
(no
m
2 ) D
RAG
ON
FLY DEN
SITY (no m2)
Factors Impacting Hydrellia
bull Parasitism ndash Significant ndash Upwards of 30
bull Late in growing season
ndash Pupal parasitoid behavior
bull Selects wide range bull Stage chosen = most successful
TRICHOPRIA WASP
Photo credit M Grodowitz ERDC
bull Midge Discovered in Crystal River 1992
bull Identified Dec 1998 ndash Collected in 1959
Natchitoches LA ndash Described 1964 ndash Hydrilla in Louisiana ndash Natchitoches1973
bull Immigrant or Native Species
Male
Fortuitous Hydrilla BioControl Cricotopus lebetis Sublette
Outline bull Current Activities Hydrilla BioControl
Hydrillarsquos Impact on Wildlife Algae-Harboring Hydrilla
Causing Bald Eagle Deaths in the Southeast
httpanimaldiscoverycomguideswild-birdsa-camerican-coothtml
httpihuntcomgamewaterfowlring-necked-duck
httpapms-blogblogspotcom201203state-budget-has-hydrilla-moneyhtml
THURSDAY MARCH 29 2012 State budget has hydrilla money Source ithacajournalcom (New York) Date Published 03292012 The new state budget includes $800000 to help local efforts to stop the invasive aquatic plant hydrilla which was found last year in Cayuga Inlet Ithaca-area state senators announced Wednesday
httpapms-blogblogspotcom201203state-budget-has-hydrilla-moneyhtml
Hydrilla Discovered in NY
cpDNA haplotypes
China F
China G
China H
Japan
Indonesia
Taiwan
12
19
1 China E 6
5
3
4
2
7
10 19
China A
China C
Korea NE USA
Australia New Zealand
11
1
11
1 China B
India
China J China I Poland
China D
Florida Texas California Louisiana
Africa India Panama Pakistan
22
11
Hydrilla Genetic Studies
Williams et al unpubl
ldquoIdealrdquo Hydrilla BioControl Agent bull Narrow Host Range (=Safety)- Specialists bull Damages Vital Plant Tissues (=Individual Effect) bull Reproductively Prolific (=Population Effect) bull Entire Life Cycle on Submersed Hydrilla bull Amenable to Local Conditions (=Climate Match
amp Habitat Conditions) bull Thrives on Local Hydrilla (Biotype Match) bull Protected from Predators (=Endophagous)
Source TD Center USDA-ARS
The Hydrilla Miner
bull Tip- mining Midge - Larvae Feed on Living
Plant Tissue - Rare Occurrence
bull Prevents ldquotopping outrdquo bull Naturalized in Florida
- No Swarms - Low Dispersal Distance - Easily Mass Reared
Female
Larva
Life Cycle of Hydrilla Miner
Female
Larva
Pupa
Egg
Cuda et al (1999 2002)
Hydrilla Miner Host Preference
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Hydrilla verticillata
(monoecious)
Elodea canadensis
Najas guadalupensis
Egeria densa Hydrilla verticillata
Chara vulgaris Potamogeton illinoensis
Ceratophyllum demersum
Vallisneria americana
Sagittaria kurziana
Eleocharis baldwinii
Utricularia macrorhiza
S
urvi
val
d d
d
cd
cd
bcd
b
ab
ab a a
Hydrilla Miner Host Preference
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Hydrilla verticillata
(monoecious)
Elodea canadensis
Najas guadalupensis
Egeria densa Hydrilla verticillata
Chara vulgaris Potamogeton illinoensis
Ceratophyllum demersum
Vallisneria americana
Sagittaria kurziana
Eleocharis baldwinii
Utricularia macrorhiza
S
urvi
val
d d
d
cd
cd
bcd
b
ab
ab a a
Grass Carp Preference bull Hydrilla bull Musk-grass bull Southern Naiad bull Brazilian elodea
Larva and Associated Tip Damage
Credit D Denson RCID
Block 1 Control Block 1 Midge
Lake Rowell Bradford Co September 2010
Changing Hydrillarsquos Architecture
Imazamox
Cl Miner
Mt Fungus
Management Goals bull Integrate Insect Fungus amp Herbicide = IPM bull Eliminate Adverse Effects of Surface Mats bull Reduce Reliance on Herbicides bull Create More Favorable Habitat
httpentomologyifasufleduhydrillaindexshtml
Hydrilla IPM Project
Outline bull Historical Perspective bull Current Activities bull Questions Comments
- BioControl of Waterhyacinth and Hydrilla
- Acknowledgements
- Outline
- Outline
- Waterhyacinth Worldwide Distribution
- Waterhyacinth amp BioControl in FL
- Waterhyacinth Mite amp Moth
- Waterhyacinth Weevils
- S Florida Canal- 1980s
- S Florida Canal- 1980s
- Water Hyacinath FungusCercospora piaropi
- Integrating Weevils amp Fungus
- Outline
- Waterhyacinth- New Agent
- Slide Number 15
- Slide Number 16
- Outline
- Worldwide Distribution of Hydrilla
- Hydrilla amp BioControl in Florida
- Augmentative BioControl
- Slide Number 21
- Slide Number 22
- Fortuitous (Adventive) BioControl
- Fortuitous Hydrilla BioControl
- Importation (Classical) BioControl
- Classical Hydrilla BioControl
- Classical Hydrilla BioControl
- Classical Hydrilla BioControl
- Impact of Hydrellia Flies
- Slide Number 30
- Slide Number 31
- Factors Impacting Hydrellia
- Fortuitous Hydrilla BioControl Cricotopus lebetis Sublette
- Outline
- Hydrillarsquos Impact on Wildlife
- Hydrilla Discovered in NY
- Slide Number 37
- ldquoIdealrdquo Hydrilla BioControl Agent
- The Hydrilla Miner
- Life Cycle of Hydrilla Miner
- Hydrilla Miner Host Preference
- Hydrilla Miner Host Preference
- Slide Number 43
- Slide Number 44
- Slide Number 45
- Slide Number 46
- Management Goals
- Hydrilla IPM Project
- Outline
-
Acknowledgements bull Ted Center bull R ldquoCharurdquo Charudattan bull Mike Grodowitz bull Mike Netherland bull Bill Overholt bull Judy Shearer bull Karen Stratman bull Phil Tipping bull USDA NIFA Grant
Outline
bull Historical Perspective bull Current Activities bull Questions Comments
Outline bull Historical Perspective- Waterhyacinth BioControl
Waterhyacinth Worldwide Distribution
httpwwwdiscoverlifeorgmp20mkind=Eichhornia
bull Important Milestones 1884- Introduced at Exposition in New Orleans 1890- First Discovered in Florida 1950s- Occupied 51000 ha in Water Bodies 1970- Discovery of Native Mite Orthogalumna 1972- First Neochetina Weevil Introduced 1974- Second Neochetina Weevil Introduced 1974- Discovery of Cercospora Fungus in FL 1977- Niphograpta Moth Introduced 2010- Release of Megamalus Bug
Waterhyacinth amp BioControl in FL
Waterhyacinth Mite amp Moth Orthogalumna terebrantis
Niphograpta albiguttalis
Waterhyacinth Weevils
Neochetina Adults amp Damage Neochetina Larva amp Damage
S Florida Canal- 1980s
Photo credit T Center USDA
Neochetina spp
S Florida Canal- 1980s
Photo credit T Center USDA
Water Hyacinath Fungus Cercospora piaropi
Photo credit R Charudattan UF (Retired)
Integrating Weevils amp Fungus
bull Neochetina Weevils with Cercospora Fungus Photo credit R Charudattan UF (Retired)
Outline bull Current Activities Waterhyacinth BioControl
Waterhyacinth- New Agent Megamalus scutellaris
(Hem Delphacidae)
Photo credit P Tipping USDA
Feeding Damage
Photo credit P Tipping USDA
No Biocontrol
Biocontrol
Status of Biological Suppression of Waterhyacinth in Florida bull Biomass suppression 41-68 (4-15 TA) bull Seed suppression 157 K m-2 bull Degree of suppression dependent on abiotic and biotic factors bull Coverage still high despite suppression only reduced under lower nutrient conditions
Photo credit P Tipping USDA
Outline bull Historical Perspective Hydrilla BioControl
Worldwide Distribution of Hydrilla
httpwwwdiscoverlifeorgmp20mkind=Hydrilla+verticillataampguide=Aquatic_Invasives
bull Important Milestones 1950s- Hydrilla introduced into Florida 1968- Correctly IDrsquod herbicides ineffective 1970s- Rapid spread throughout Florida 1972- Release of grass carp in FL 1976- Discovery of adventive Parapoynx moth 1987- Release of Bagous tuber weevil 1987- Release of first Hydrellia leaf miner 1989- Release of 2nd Hydrellia leaf miner 1990- Discovery of Mycoleptodiscus fungus 1991- Release of Bagous stem Weevil 1992- Discovery of Cricotopus midge in FL 2000- Discovery of fluridone resistance
Hydrilla amp BioControl in Florida
Augmentative BioControl
bull Release of Large Numbers of a Biological Control Agent to Achieve a Rapid Effect
bull There is No Expectation the Biological Control Agent will Establish a Permanent (= Reproducing) Population
Augmentative Hydrilla BioControl
GRASS CARP
bull Sterile (Triploid) Grass Carp Used to Manage Hydrilla
bull BUT- They Are Not Selective Feeders
bull Can Only be Used in Closed Water Bodies
UF
Hydrilla Bioherbicide
Mycoleptodiscus terrestris (Native Fungal Pathogen)
Fortuitous (Adventive) BioControl
bull Regulation of a Weed Population by a Natural Enemy that Has Arrived from Elsewhere Without Deliberate Introduction
bull No Active Human Involvement
Fortuitous Hydrilla BioControl
bull Adventive sp from Asia bull Collected in 1976
Ft Lauderdale Area bull Hydrilla- Principle Host
Plant bull Introduced via Aquarium
Trade bull Damage to Hydrilla
Minimal amp Sporadic ndash Poor BioControl Agent copy H Clifford
Parapoynx diminutalis
Importation (Classical) BioControl bull Introduction and Release of Host
Specific Natural Enemies from the Weedrsquos Native Range to Reduce Its Growth Reproduction or Density in the Adventive1 Range
1Arrived into a specified geographical region from
elsewhere by ANY means
Classical Hydrilla BioControl
Hydrilla Tuber Weevil Bagous affinis
Classical Hydrilla BioControl
Hydrilla Stem Borer Bagous hydrillae
Classical Hydrilla BioControl
Hydrilla Leaf Miners Hydrellia spp
Impact of Hydrellia Flies
Photo credit M Grodowitz ERDC Doyle et al (2002)
Factors Impacting Hydrellia
y = -53114x + 23004R2 = 05772
0
400
800
1200
1600
2000
20 25 30 35 40 45
MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE (oC)
DEN
SITY
bull Hydrilla Mat Surface Temperature
Factors Impacting Hydrellia bull Predation by Damselfly amp Dragonfly Naiads
0200400600800
10001200140016001800
6-Jul-
95
4-Aug-9
5
13-S
ep-95
12-O
ct-95
9-Nov
-95
13-D
ec-95
29-Ja
n-96
28-Feb
-96
27-M
ar-96
29-A
pr-96
29-M
ay-96
25-Ju
n-96
24-Ju
l-96
27-A
ug-96
25-S
ep-96
22-O
ct-96
25-N
ov-96
28-Ja
n-97
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
HP LARVAE
DRAGONFLY NAIADS
UK
HYD
REL
LIA
DEN
SITY
(no
m
2 ) D
RAG
ON
FLY DEN
SITY (no m2)
Factors Impacting Hydrellia
bull Parasitism ndash Significant ndash Upwards of 30
bull Late in growing season
ndash Pupal parasitoid behavior
bull Selects wide range bull Stage chosen = most successful
TRICHOPRIA WASP
Photo credit M Grodowitz ERDC
bull Midge Discovered in Crystal River 1992
bull Identified Dec 1998 ndash Collected in 1959
Natchitoches LA ndash Described 1964 ndash Hydrilla in Louisiana ndash Natchitoches1973
bull Immigrant or Native Species
Male
Fortuitous Hydrilla BioControl Cricotopus lebetis Sublette
Outline bull Current Activities Hydrilla BioControl
Hydrillarsquos Impact on Wildlife Algae-Harboring Hydrilla
Causing Bald Eagle Deaths in the Southeast
httpanimaldiscoverycomguideswild-birdsa-camerican-coothtml
httpihuntcomgamewaterfowlring-necked-duck
httpapms-blogblogspotcom201203state-budget-has-hydrilla-moneyhtml
THURSDAY MARCH 29 2012 State budget has hydrilla money Source ithacajournalcom (New York) Date Published 03292012 The new state budget includes $800000 to help local efforts to stop the invasive aquatic plant hydrilla which was found last year in Cayuga Inlet Ithaca-area state senators announced Wednesday
httpapms-blogblogspotcom201203state-budget-has-hydrilla-moneyhtml
Hydrilla Discovered in NY
cpDNA haplotypes
China F
China G
China H
Japan
Indonesia
Taiwan
12
19
1 China E 6
5
3
4
2
7
10 19
China A
China C
Korea NE USA
Australia New Zealand
11
1
11
1 China B
India
China J China I Poland
China D
Florida Texas California Louisiana
Africa India Panama Pakistan
22
11
Hydrilla Genetic Studies
Williams et al unpubl
ldquoIdealrdquo Hydrilla BioControl Agent bull Narrow Host Range (=Safety)- Specialists bull Damages Vital Plant Tissues (=Individual Effect) bull Reproductively Prolific (=Population Effect) bull Entire Life Cycle on Submersed Hydrilla bull Amenable to Local Conditions (=Climate Match
amp Habitat Conditions) bull Thrives on Local Hydrilla (Biotype Match) bull Protected from Predators (=Endophagous)
Source TD Center USDA-ARS
The Hydrilla Miner
bull Tip- mining Midge - Larvae Feed on Living
Plant Tissue - Rare Occurrence
bull Prevents ldquotopping outrdquo bull Naturalized in Florida
- No Swarms - Low Dispersal Distance - Easily Mass Reared
Female
Larva
Life Cycle of Hydrilla Miner
Female
Larva
Pupa
Egg
Cuda et al (1999 2002)
Hydrilla Miner Host Preference
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Hydrilla verticillata
(monoecious)
Elodea canadensis
Najas guadalupensis
Egeria densa Hydrilla verticillata
Chara vulgaris Potamogeton illinoensis
Ceratophyllum demersum
Vallisneria americana
Sagittaria kurziana
Eleocharis baldwinii
Utricularia macrorhiza
S
urvi
val
d d
d
cd
cd
bcd
b
ab
ab a a
Hydrilla Miner Host Preference
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Hydrilla verticillata
(monoecious)
Elodea canadensis
Najas guadalupensis
Egeria densa Hydrilla verticillata
Chara vulgaris Potamogeton illinoensis
Ceratophyllum demersum
Vallisneria americana
Sagittaria kurziana
Eleocharis baldwinii
Utricularia macrorhiza
S
urvi
val
d d
d
cd
cd
bcd
b
ab
ab a a
Grass Carp Preference bull Hydrilla bull Musk-grass bull Southern Naiad bull Brazilian elodea
Larva and Associated Tip Damage
Credit D Denson RCID
Block 1 Control Block 1 Midge
Lake Rowell Bradford Co September 2010
Changing Hydrillarsquos Architecture
Imazamox
Cl Miner
Mt Fungus
Management Goals bull Integrate Insect Fungus amp Herbicide = IPM bull Eliminate Adverse Effects of Surface Mats bull Reduce Reliance on Herbicides bull Create More Favorable Habitat
httpentomologyifasufleduhydrillaindexshtml
Hydrilla IPM Project
Outline bull Historical Perspective bull Current Activities bull Questions Comments
- BioControl of Waterhyacinth and Hydrilla
- Acknowledgements
- Outline
- Outline
- Waterhyacinth Worldwide Distribution
- Waterhyacinth amp BioControl in FL
- Waterhyacinth Mite amp Moth
- Waterhyacinth Weevils
- S Florida Canal- 1980s
- S Florida Canal- 1980s
- Water Hyacinath FungusCercospora piaropi
- Integrating Weevils amp Fungus
- Outline
- Waterhyacinth- New Agent
- Slide Number 15
- Slide Number 16
- Outline
- Worldwide Distribution of Hydrilla
- Hydrilla amp BioControl in Florida
- Augmentative BioControl
- Slide Number 21
- Slide Number 22
- Fortuitous (Adventive) BioControl
- Fortuitous Hydrilla BioControl
- Importation (Classical) BioControl
- Classical Hydrilla BioControl
- Classical Hydrilla BioControl
- Classical Hydrilla BioControl
- Impact of Hydrellia Flies
- Slide Number 30
- Slide Number 31
- Factors Impacting Hydrellia
- Fortuitous Hydrilla BioControl Cricotopus lebetis Sublette
- Outline
- Hydrillarsquos Impact on Wildlife
- Hydrilla Discovered in NY
- Slide Number 37
- ldquoIdealrdquo Hydrilla BioControl Agent
- The Hydrilla Miner
- Life Cycle of Hydrilla Miner
- Hydrilla Miner Host Preference
- Hydrilla Miner Host Preference
- Slide Number 43
- Slide Number 44
- Slide Number 45
- Slide Number 46
- Management Goals
- Hydrilla IPM Project
- Outline
-
Outline
bull Historical Perspective bull Current Activities bull Questions Comments
Outline bull Historical Perspective- Waterhyacinth BioControl
Waterhyacinth Worldwide Distribution
httpwwwdiscoverlifeorgmp20mkind=Eichhornia
bull Important Milestones 1884- Introduced at Exposition in New Orleans 1890- First Discovered in Florida 1950s- Occupied 51000 ha in Water Bodies 1970- Discovery of Native Mite Orthogalumna 1972- First Neochetina Weevil Introduced 1974- Second Neochetina Weevil Introduced 1974- Discovery of Cercospora Fungus in FL 1977- Niphograpta Moth Introduced 2010- Release of Megamalus Bug
Waterhyacinth amp BioControl in FL
Waterhyacinth Mite amp Moth Orthogalumna terebrantis
Niphograpta albiguttalis
Waterhyacinth Weevils
Neochetina Adults amp Damage Neochetina Larva amp Damage
S Florida Canal- 1980s
Photo credit T Center USDA
Neochetina spp
S Florida Canal- 1980s
Photo credit T Center USDA
Water Hyacinath Fungus Cercospora piaropi
Photo credit R Charudattan UF (Retired)
Integrating Weevils amp Fungus
bull Neochetina Weevils with Cercospora Fungus Photo credit R Charudattan UF (Retired)
Outline bull Current Activities Waterhyacinth BioControl
Waterhyacinth- New Agent Megamalus scutellaris
(Hem Delphacidae)
Photo credit P Tipping USDA
Feeding Damage
Photo credit P Tipping USDA
No Biocontrol
Biocontrol
Status of Biological Suppression of Waterhyacinth in Florida bull Biomass suppression 41-68 (4-15 TA) bull Seed suppression 157 K m-2 bull Degree of suppression dependent on abiotic and biotic factors bull Coverage still high despite suppression only reduced under lower nutrient conditions
Photo credit P Tipping USDA
Outline bull Historical Perspective Hydrilla BioControl
Worldwide Distribution of Hydrilla
httpwwwdiscoverlifeorgmp20mkind=Hydrilla+verticillataampguide=Aquatic_Invasives
bull Important Milestones 1950s- Hydrilla introduced into Florida 1968- Correctly IDrsquod herbicides ineffective 1970s- Rapid spread throughout Florida 1972- Release of grass carp in FL 1976- Discovery of adventive Parapoynx moth 1987- Release of Bagous tuber weevil 1987- Release of first Hydrellia leaf miner 1989- Release of 2nd Hydrellia leaf miner 1990- Discovery of Mycoleptodiscus fungus 1991- Release of Bagous stem Weevil 1992- Discovery of Cricotopus midge in FL 2000- Discovery of fluridone resistance
Hydrilla amp BioControl in Florida
Augmentative BioControl
bull Release of Large Numbers of a Biological Control Agent to Achieve a Rapid Effect
bull There is No Expectation the Biological Control Agent will Establish a Permanent (= Reproducing) Population
Augmentative Hydrilla BioControl
GRASS CARP
bull Sterile (Triploid) Grass Carp Used to Manage Hydrilla
bull BUT- They Are Not Selective Feeders
bull Can Only be Used in Closed Water Bodies
UF
Hydrilla Bioherbicide
Mycoleptodiscus terrestris (Native Fungal Pathogen)
Fortuitous (Adventive) BioControl
bull Regulation of a Weed Population by a Natural Enemy that Has Arrived from Elsewhere Without Deliberate Introduction
bull No Active Human Involvement
Fortuitous Hydrilla BioControl
bull Adventive sp from Asia bull Collected in 1976
Ft Lauderdale Area bull Hydrilla- Principle Host
Plant bull Introduced via Aquarium
Trade bull Damage to Hydrilla
Minimal amp Sporadic ndash Poor BioControl Agent copy H Clifford
Parapoynx diminutalis
Importation (Classical) BioControl bull Introduction and Release of Host
Specific Natural Enemies from the Weedrsquos Native Range to Reduce Its Growth Reproduction or Density in the Adventive1 Range
1Arrived into a specified geographical region from
elsewhere by ANY means
Classical Hydrilla BioControl
Hydrilla Tuber Weevil Bagous affinis
Classical Hydrilla BioControl
Hydrilla Stem Borer Bagous hydrillae
Classical Hydrilla BioControl
Hydrilla Leaf Miners Hydrellia spp
Impact of Hydrellia Flies
Photo credit M Grodowitz ERDC Doyle et al (2002)
Factors Impacting Hydrellia
y = -53114x + 23004R2 = 05772
0
400
800
1200
1600
2000
20 25 30 35 40 45
MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE (oC)
DEN
SITY
bull Hydrilla Mat Surface Temperature
Factors Impacting Hydrellia bull Predation by Damselfly amp Dragonfly Naiads
0200400600800
10001200140016001800
6-Jul-
95
4-Aug-9
5
13-S
ep-95
12-O
ct-95
9-Nov
-95
13-D
ec-95
29-Ja
n-96
28-Feb
-96
27-M
ar-96
29-A
pr-96
29-M
ay-96
25-Ju
n-96
24-Ju
l-96
27-A
ug-96
25-S
ep-96
22-O
ct-96
25-N
ov-96
28-Ja
n-97
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
HP LARVAE
DRAGONFLY NAIADS
UK
HYD
REL
LIA
DEN
SITY
(no
m
2 ) D
RAG
ON
FLY DEN
SITY (no m2)
Factors Impacting Hydrellia
bull Parasitism ndash Significant ndash Upwards of 30
bull Late in growing season
ndash Pupal parasitoid behavior
bull Selects wide range bull Stage chosen = most successful
TRICHOPRIA WASP
Photo credit M Grodowitz ERDC
bull Midge Discovered in Crystal River 1992
bull Identified Dec 1998 ndash Collected in 1959
Natchitoches LA ndash Described 1964 ndash Hydrilla in Louisiana ndash Natchitoches1973
bull Immigrant or Native Species
Male
Fortuitous Hydrilla BioControl Cricotopus lebetis Sublette
Outline bull Current Activities Hydrilla BioControl
Hydrillarsquos Impact on Wildlife Algae-Harboring Hydrilla
Causing Bald Eagle Deaths in the Southeast
httpanimaldiscoverycomguideswild-birdsa-camerican-coothtml
httpihuntcomgamewaterfowlring-necked-duck
httpapms-blogblogspotcom201203state-budget-has-hydrilla-moneyhtml
THURSDAY MARCH 29 2012 State budget has hydrilla money Source ithacajournalcom (New York) Date Published 03292012 The new state budget includes $800000 to help local efforts to stop the invasive aquatic plant hydrilla which was found last year in Cayuga Inlet Ithaca-area state senators announced Wednesday
httpapms-blogblogspotcom201203state-budget-has-hydrilla-moneyhtml
Hydrilla Discovered in NY
cpDNA haplotypes
China F
China G
China H
Japan
Indonesia
Taiwan
12
19
1 China E 6
5
3
4
2
7
10 19
China A
China C
Korea NE USA
Australia New Zealand
11
1
11
1 China B
India
China J China I Poland
China D
Florida Texas California Louisiana
Africa India Panama Pakistan
22
11
Hydrilla Genetic Studies
Williams et al unpubl
ldquoIdealrdquo Hydrilla BioControl Agent bull Narrow Host Range (=Safety)- Specialists bull Damages Vital Plant Tissues (=Individual Effect) bull Reproductively Prolific (=Population Effect) bull Entire Life Cycle on Submersed Hydrilla bull Amenable to Local Conditions (=Climate Match
amp Habitat Conditions) bull Thrives on Local Hydrilla (Biotype Match) bull Protected from Predators (=Endophagous)
Source TD Center USDA-ARS
The Hydrilla Miner
bull Tip- mining Midge - Larvae Feed on Living
Plant Tissue - Rare Occurrence
bull Prevents ldquotopping outrdquo bull Naturalized in Florida
- No Swarms - Low Dispersal Distance - Easily Mass Reared
Female
Larva
Life Cycle of Hydrilla Miner
Female
Larva
Pupa
Egg
Cuda et al (1999 2002)
Hydrilla Miner Host Preference
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Hydrilla verticillata
(monoecious)
Elodea canadensis
Najas guadalupensis
Egeria densa Hydrilla verticillata
Chara vulgaris Potamogeton illinoensis
Ceratophyllum demersum
Vallisneria americana
Sagittaria kurziana
Eleocharis baldwinii
Utricularia macrorhiza
S
urvi
val
d d
d
cd
cd
bcd
b
ab
ab a a
Hydrilla Miner Host Preference
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Hydrilla verticillata
(monoecious)
Elodea canadensis
Najas guadalupensis
Egeria densa Hydrilla verticillata
Chara vulgaris Potamogeton illinoensis
Ceratophyllum demersum
Vallisneria americana
Sagittaria kurziana
Eleocharis baldwinii
Utricularia macrorhiza
S
urvi
val
d d
d
cd
cd
bcd
b
ab
ab a a
Grass Carp Preference bull Hydrilla bull Musk-grass bull Southern Naiad bull Brazilian elodea
Larva and Associated Tip Damage
Credit D Denson RCID
Block 1 Control Block 1 Midge
Lake Rowell Bradford Co September 2010
Changing Hydrillarsquos Architecture
Imazamox
Cl Miner
Mt Fungus
Management Goals bull Integrate Insect Fungus amp Herbicide = IPM bull Eliminate Adverse Effects of Surface Mats bull Reduce Reliance on Herbicides bull Create More Favorable Habitat
httpentomologyifasufleduhydrillaindexshtml
Hydrilla IPM Project
Outline bull Historical Perspective bull Current Activities bull Questions Comments
- BioControl of Waterhyacinth and Hydrilla
- Acknowledgements
- Outline
- Outline
- Waterhyacinth Worldwide Distribution
- Waterhyacinth amp BioControl in FL
- Waterhyacinth Mite amp Moth
- Waterhyacinth Weevils
- S Florida Canal- 1980s
- S Florida Canal- 1980s
- Water Hyacinath FungusCercospora piaropi
- Integrating Weevils amp Fungus
- Outline
- Waterhyacinth- New Agent
- Slide Number 15
- Slide Number 16
- Outline
- Worldwide Distribution of Hydrilla
- Hydrilla amp BioControl in Florida
- Augmentative BioControl
- Slide Number 21
- Slide Number 22
- Fortuitous (Adventive) BioControl
- Fortuitous Hydrilla BioControl
- Importation (Classical) BioControl
- Classical Hydrilla BioControl
- Classical Hydrilla BioControl
- Classical Hydrilla BioControl
- Impact of Hydrellia Flies
- Slide Number 30
- Slide Number 31
- Factors Impacting Hydrellia
- Fortuitous Hydrilla BioControl Cricotopus lebetis Sublette
- Outline
- Hydrillarsquos Impact on Wildlife
- Hydrilla Discovered in NY
- Slide Number 37
- ldquoIdealrdquo Hydrilla BioControl Agent
- The Hydrilla Miner
- Life Cycle of Hydrilla Miner
- Hydrilla Miner Host Preference
- Hydrilla Miner Host Preference
- Slide Number 43
- Slide Number 44
- Slide Number 45
- Slide Number 46
- Management Goals
- Hydrilla IPM Project
- Outline
-
Outline bull Historical Perspective- Waterhyacinth BioControl
Waterhyacinth Worldwide Distribution
httpwwwdiscoverlifeorgmp20mkind=Eichhornia
bull Important Milestones 1884- Introduced at Exposition in New Orleans 1890- First Discovered in Florida 1950s- Occupied 51000 ha in Water Bodies 1970- Discovery of Native Mite Orthogalumna 1972- First Neochetina Weevil Introduced 1974- Second Neochetina Weevil Introduced 1974- Discovery of Cercospora Fungus in FL 1977- Niphograpta Moth Introduced 2010- Release of Megamalus Bug
Waterhyacinth amp BioControl in FL
Waterhyacinth Mite amp Moth Orthogalumna terebrantis
Niphograpta albiguttalis
Waterhyacinth Weevils
Neochetina Adults amp Damage Neochetina Larva amp Damage
S Florida Canal- 1980s
Photo credit T Center USDA
Neochetina spp
S Florida Canal- 1980s
Photo credit T Center USDA
Water Hyacinath Fungus Cercospora piaropi
Photo credit R Charudattan UF (Retired)
Integrating Weevils amp Fungus
bull Neochetina Weevils with Cercospora Fungus Photo credit R Charudattan UF (Retired)
Outline bull Current Activities Waterhyacinth BioControl
Waterhyacinth- New Agent Megamalus scutellaris
(Hem Delphacidae)
Photo credit P Tipping USDA
Feeding Damage
Photo credit P Tipping USDA
No Biocontrol
Biocontrol
Status of Biological Suppression of Waterhyacinth in Florida bull Biomass suppression 41-68 (4-15 TA) bull Seed suppression 157 K m-2 bull Degree of suppression dependent on abiotic and biotic factors bull Coverage still high despite suppression only reduced under lower nutrient conditions
Photo credit P Tipping USDA
Outline bull Historical Perspective Hydrilla BioControl
Worldwide Distribution of Hydrilla
httpwwwdiscoverlifeorgmp20mkind=Hydrilla+verticillataampguide=Aquatic_Invasives
bull Important Milestones 1950s- Hydrilla introduced into Florida 1968- Correctly IDrsquod herbicides ineffective 1970s- Rapid spread throughout Florida 1972- Release of grass carp in FL 1976- Discovery of adventive Parapoynx moth 1987- Release of Bagous tuber weevil 1987- Release of first Hydrellia leaf miner 1989- Release of 2nd Hydrellia leaf miner 1990- Discovery of Mycoleptodiscus fungus 1991- Release of Bagous stem Weevil 1992- Discovery of Cricotopus midge in FL 2000- Discovery of fluridone resistance
Hydrilla amp BioControl in Florida
Augmentative BioControl
bull Release of Large Numbers of a Biological Control Agent to Achieve a Rapid Effect
bull There is No Expectation the Biological Control Agent will Establish a Permanent (= Reproducing) Population
Augmentative Hydrilla BioControl
GRASS CARP
bull Sterile (Triploid) Grass Carp Used to Manage Hydrilla
bull BUT- They Are Not Selective Feeders
bull Can Only be Used in Closed Water Bodies
UF
Hydrilla Bioherbicide
Mycoleptodiscus terrestris (Native Fungal Pathogen)
Fortuitous (Adventive) BioControl
bull Regulation of a Weed Population by a Natural Enemy that Has Arrived from Elsewhere Without Deliberate Introduction
bull No Active Human Involvement
Fortuitous Hydrilla BioControl
bull Adventive sp from Asia bull Collected in 1976
Ft Lauderdale Area bull Hydrilla- Principle Host
Plant bull Introduced via Aquarium
Trade bull Damage to Hydrilla
Minimal amp Sporadic ndash Poor BioControl Agent copy H Clifford
Parapoynx diminutalis
Importation (Classical) BioControl bull Introduction and Release of Host
Specific Natural Enemies from the Weedrsquos Native Range to Reduce Its Growth Reproduction or Density in the Adventive1 Range
1Arrived into a specified geographical region from
elsewhere by ANY means
Classical Hydrilla BioControl
Hydrilla Tuber Weevil Bagous affinis
Classical Hydrilla BioControl
Hydrilla Stem Borer Bagous hydrillae
Classical Hydrilla BioControl
Hydrilla Leaf Miners Hydrellia spp
Impact of Hydrellia Flies
Photo credit M Grodowitz ERDC Doyle et al (2002)
Factors Impacting Hydrellia
y = -53114x + 23004R2 = 05772
0
400
800
1200
1600
2000
20 25 30 35 40 45
MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE (oC)
DEN
SITY
bull Hydrilla Mat Surface Temperature
Factors Impacting Hydrellia bull Predation by Damselfly amp Dragonfly Naiads
0200400600800
10001200140016001800
6-Jul-
95
4-Aug-9
5
13-S
ep-95
12-O
ct-95
9-Nov
-95
13-D
ec-95
29-Ja
n-96
28-Feb
-96
27-M
ar-96
29-A
pr-96
29-M
ay-96
25-Ju
n-96
24-Ju
l-96
27-A
ug-96
25-S
ep-96
22-O
ct-96
25-N
ov-96
28-Ja
n-97
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
HP LARVAE
DRAGONFLY NAIADS
UK
HYD
REL
LIA
DEN
SITY
(no
m
2 ) D
RAG
ON
FLY DEN
SITY (no m2)
Factors Impacting Hydrellia
bull Parasitism ndash Significant ndash Upwards of 30
bull Late in growing season
ndash Pupal parasitoid behavior
bull Selects wide range bull Stage chosen = most successful
TRICHOPRIA WASP
Photo credit M Grodowitz ERDC
bull Midge Discovered in Crystal River 1992
bull Identified Dec 1998 ndash Collected in 1959
Natchitoches LA ndash Described 1964 ndash Hydrilla in Louisiana ndash Natchitoches1973
bull Immigrant or Native Species
Male
Fortuitous Hydrilla BioControl Cricotopus lebetis Sublette
Outline bull Current Activities Hydrilla BioControl
Hydrillarsquos Impact on Wildlife Algae-Harboring Hydrilla
Causing Bald Eagle Deaths in the Southeast
httpanimaldiscoverycomguideswild-birdsa-camerican-coothtml
httpihuntcomgamewaterfowlring-necked-duck
httpapms-blogblogspotcom201203state-budget-has-hydrilla-moneyhtml
THURSDAY MARCH 29 2012 State budget has hydrilla money Source ithacajournalcom (New York) Date Published 03292012 The new state budget includes $800000 to help local efforts to stop the invasive aquatic plant hydrilla which was found last year in Cayuga Inlet Ithaca-area state senators announced Wednesday
httpapms-blogblogspotcom201203state-budget-has-hydrilla-moneyhtml
Hydrilla Discovered in NY
cpDNA haplotypes
China F
China G
China H
Japan
Indonesia
Taiwan
12
19
1 China E 6
5
3
4
2
7
10 19
China A
China C
Korea NE USA
Australia New Zealand
11
1
11
1 China B
India
China J China I Poland
China D
Florida Texas California Louisiana
Africa India Panama Pakistan
22
11
Hydrilla Genetic Studies
Williams et al unpubl
ldquoIdealrdquo Hydrilla BioControl Agent bull Narrow Host Range (=Safety)- Specialists bull Damages Vital Plant Tissues (=Individual Effect) bull Reproductively Prolific (=Population Effect) bull Entire Life Cycle on Submersed Hydrilla bull Amenable to Local Conditions (=Climate Match
amp Habitat Conditions) bull Thrives on Local Hydrilla (Biotype Match) bull Protected from Predators (=Endophagous)
Source TD Center USDA-ARS
The Hydrilla Miner
bull Tip- mining Midge - Larvae Feed on Living
Plant Tissue - Rare Occurrence
bull Prevents ldquotopping outrdquo bull Naturalized in Florida
- No Swarms - Low Dispersal Distance - Easily Mass Reared
Female
Larva
Life Cycle of Hydrilla Miner
Female
Larva
Pupa
Egg
Cuda et al (1999 2002)
Hydrilla Miner Host Preference
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Hydrilla verticillata
(monoecious)
Elodea canadensis
Najas guadalupensis
Egeria densa Hydrilla verticillata
Chara vulgaris Potamogeton illinoensis
Ceratophyllum demersum
Vallisneria americana
Sagittaria kurziana
Eleocharis baldwinii
Utricularia macrorhiza
S
urvi
val
d d
d
cd
cd
bcd
b
ab
ab a a
Hydrilla Miner Host Preference
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Hydrilla verticillata
(monoecious)
Elodea canadensis
Najas guadalupensis
Egeria densa Hydrilla verticillata
Chara vulgaris Potamogeton illinoensis
Ceratophyllum demersum
Vallisneria americana
Sagittaria kurziana
Eleocharis baldwinii
Utricularia macrorhiza
S
urvi
val
d d
d
cd
cd
bcd
b
ab
ab a a
Grass Carp Preference bull Hydrilla bull Musk-grass bull Southern Naiad bull Brazilian elodea
Larva and Associated Tip Damage
Credit D Denson RCID
Block 1 Control Block 1 Midge
Lake Rowell Bradford Co September 2010
Changing Hydrillarsquos Architecture
Imazamox
Cl Miner
Mt Fungus
Management Goals bull Integrate Insect Fungus amp Herbicide = IPM bull Eliminate Adverse Effects of Surface Mats bull Reduce Reliance on Herbicides bull Create More Favorable Habitat
httpentomologyifasufleduhydrillaindexshtml
Hydrilla IPM Project
Outline bull Historical Perspective bull Current Activities bull Questions Comments
- BioControl of Waterhyacinth and Hydrilla
- Acknowledgements
- Outline
- Outline
- Waterhyacinth Worldwide Distribution
- Waterhyacinth amp BioControl in FL
- Waterhyacinth Mite amp Moth
- Waterhyacinth Weevils
- S Florida Canal- 1980s
- S Florida Canal- 1980s
- Water Hyacinath FungusCercospora piaropi
- Integrating Weevils amp Fungus
- Outline
- Waterhyacinth- New Agent
- Slide Number 15
- Slide Number 16
- Outline
- Worldwide Distribution of Hydrilla
- Hydrilla amp BioControl in Florida
- Augmentative BioControl
- Slide Number 21
- Slide Number 22
- Fortuitous (Adventive) BioControl
- Fortuitous Hydrilla BioControl
- Importation (Classical) BioControl
- Classical Hydrilla BioControl
- Classical Hydrilla BioControl
- Classical Hydrilla BioControl
- Impact of Hydrellia Flies
- Slide Number 30
- Slide Number 31
- Factors Impacting Hydrellia
- Fortuitous Hydrilla BioControl Cricotopus lebetis Sublette
- Outline
- Hydrillarsquos Impact on Wildlife
- Hydrilla Discovered in NY
- Slide Number 37
- ldquoIdealrdquo Hydrilla BioControl Agent
- The Hydrilla Miner
- Life Cycle of Hydrilla Miner
- Hydrilla Miner Host Preference
- Hydrilla Miner Host Preference
- Slide Number 43
- Slide Number 44
- Slide Number 45
- Slide Number 46
- Management Goals
- Hydrilla IPM Project
- Outline
-
Waterhyacinth Worldwide Distribution
httpwwwdiscoverlifeorgmp20mkind=Eichhornia
bull Important Milestones 1884- Introduced at Exposition in New Orleans 1890- First Discovered in Florida 1950s- Occupied 51000 ha in Water Bodies 1970- Discovery of Native Mite Orthogalumna 1972- First Neochetina Weevil Introduced 1974- Second Neochetina Weevil Introduced 1974- Discovery of Cercospora Fungus in FL 1977- Niphograpta Moth Introduced 2010- Release of Megamalus Bug
Waterhyacinth amp BioControl in FL
Waterhyacinth Mite amp Moth Orthogalumna terebrantis
Niphograpta albiguttalis
Waterhyacinth Weevils
Neochetina Adults amp Damage Neochetina Larva amp Damage
S Florida Canal- 1980s
Photo credit T Center USDA
Neochetina spp
S Florida Canal- 1980s
Photo credit T Center USDA
Water Hyacinath Fungus Cercospora piaropi
Photo credit R Charudattan UF (Retired)
Integrating Weevils amp Fungus
bull Neochetina Weevils with Cercospora Fungus Photo credit R Charudattan UF (Retired)
Outline bull Current Activities Waterhyacinth BioControl
Waterhyacinth- New Agent Megamalus scutellaris
(Hem Delphacidae)
Photo credit P Tipping USDA
Feeding Damage
Photo credit P Tipping USDA
No Biocontrol
Biocontrol
Status of Biological Suppression of Waterhyacinth in Florida bull Biomass suppression 41-68 (4-15 TA) bull Seed suppression 157 K m-2 bull Degree of suppression dependent on abiotic and biotic factors bull Coverage still high despite suppression only reduced under lower nutrient conditions
Photo credit P Tipping USDA
Outline bull Historical Perspective Hydrilla BioControl
Worldwide Distribution of Hydrilla
httpwwwdiscoverlifeorgmp20mkind=Hydrilla+verticillataampguide=Aquatic_Invasives
bull Important Milestones 1950s- Hydrilla introduced into Florida 1968- Correctly IDrsquod herbicides ineffective 1970s- Rapid spread throughout Florida 1972- Release of grass carp in FL 1976- Discovery of adventive Parapoynx moth 1987- Release of Bagous tuber weevil 1987- Release of first Hydrellia leaf miner 1989- Release of 2nd Hydrellia leaf miner 1990- Discovery of Mycoleptodiscus fungus 1991- Release of Bagous stem Weevil 1992- Discovery of Cricotopus midge in FL 2000- Discovery of fluridone resistance
Hydrilla amp BioControl in Florida
Augmentative BioControl
bull Release of Large Numbers of a Biological Control Agent to Achieve a Rapid Effect
bull There is No Expectation the Biological Control Agent will Establish a Permanent (= Reproducing) Population
Augmentative Hydrilla BioControl
GRASS CARP
bull Sterile (Triploid) Grass Carp Used to Manage Hydrilla
bull BUT- They Are Not Selective Feeders
bull Can Only be Used in Closed Water Bodies
UF
Hydrilla Bioherbicide
Mycoleptodiscus terrestris (Native Fungal Pathogen)
Fortuitous (Adventive) BioControl
bull Regulation of a Weed Population by a Natural Enemy that Has Arrived from Elsewhere Without Deliberate Introduction
bull No Active Human Involvement
Fortuitous Hydrilla BioControl
bull Adventive sp from Asia bull Collected in 1976
Ft Lauderdale Area bull Hydrilla- Principle Host
Plant bull Introduced via Aquarium
Trade bull Damage to Hydrilla
Minimal amp Sporadic ndash Poor BioControl Agent copy H Clifford
Parapoynx diminutalis
Importation (Classical) BioControl bull Introduction and Release of Host
Specific Natural Enemies from the Weedrsquos Native Range to Reduce Its Growth Reproduction or Density in the Adventive1 Range
1Arrived into a specified geographical region from
elsewhere by ANY means
Classical Hydrilla BioControl
Hydrilla Tuber Weevil Bagous affinis
Classical Hydrilla BioControl
Hydrilla Stem Borer Bagous hydrillae
Classical Hydrilla BioControl
Hydrilla Leaf Miners Hydrellia spp
Impact of Hydrellia Flies
Photo credit M Grodowitz ERDC Doyle et al (2002)
Factors Impacting Hydrellia
y = -53114x + 23004R2 = 05772
0
400
800
1200
1600
2000
20 25 30 35 40 45
MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE (oC)
DEN
SITY
bull Hydrilla Mat Surface Temperature
Factors Impacting Hydrellia bull Predation by Damselfly amp Dragonfly Naiads
0200400600800
10001200140016001800
6-Jul-
95
4-Aug-9
5
13-S
ep-95
12-O
ct-95
9-Nov
-95
13-D
ec-95
29-Ja
n-96
28-Feb
-96
27-M
ar-96
29-A
pr-96
29-M
ay-96
25-Ju
n-96
24-Ju
l-96
27-A
ug-96
25-S
ep-96
22-O
ct-96
25-N
ov-96
28-Ja
n-97
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
HP LARVAE
DRAGONFLY NAIADS
UK
HYD
REL
LIA
DEN
SITY
(no
m
2 ) D
RAG
ON
FLY DEN
SITY (no m2)
Factors Impacting Hydrellia
bull Parasitism ndash Significant ndash Upwards of 30
bull Late in growing season
ndash Pupal parasitoid behavior
bull Selects wide range bull Stage chosen = most successful
TRICHOPRIA WASP
Photo credit M Grodowitz ERDC
bull Midge Discovered in Crystal River 1992
bull Identified Dec 1998 ndash Collected in 1959
Natchitoches LA ndash Described 1964 ndash Hydrilla in Louisiana ndash Natchitoches1973
bull Immigrant or Native Species
Male
Fortuitous Hydrilla BioControl Cricotopus lebetis Sublette
Outline bull Current Activities Hydrilla BioControl
Hydrillarsquos Impact on Wildlife Algae-Harboring Hydrilla
Causing Bald Eagle Deaths in the Southeast
httpanimaldiscoverycomguideswild-birdsa-camerican-coothtml
httpihuntcomgamewaterfowlring-necked-duck
httpapms-blogblogspotcom201203state-budget-has-hydrilla-moneyhtml
THURSDAY MARCH 29 2012 State budget has hydrilla money Source ithacajournalcom (New York) Date Published 03292012 The new state budget includes $800000 to help local efforts to stop the invasive aquatic plant hydrilla which was found last year in Cayuga Inlet Ithaca-area state senators announced Wednesday
httpapms-blogblogspotcom201203state-budget-has-hydrilla-moneyhtml
Hydrilla Discovered in NY
cpDNA haplotypes
China F
China G
China H
Japan
Indonesia
Taiwan
12
19
1 China E 6
5
3
4
2
7
10 19
China A
China C
Korea NE USA
Australia New Zealand
11
1
11
1 China B
India
China J China I Poland
China D
Florida Texas California Louisiana
Africa India Panama Pakistan
22
11
Hydrilla Genetic Studies
Williams et al unpubl
ldquoIdealrdquo Hydrilla BioControl Agent bull Narrow Host Range (=Safety)- Specialists bull Damages Vital Plant Tissues (=Individual Effect) bull Reproductively Prolific (=Population Effect) bull Entire Life Cycle on Submersed Hydrilla bull Amenable to Local Conditions (=Climate Match
amp Habitat Conditions) bull Thrives on Local Hydrilla (Biotype Match) bull Protected from Predators (=Endophagous)
Source TD Center USDA-ARS
The Hydrilla Miner
bull Tip- mining Midge - Larvae Feed on Living
Plant Tissue - Rare Occurrence
bull Prevents ldquotopping outrdquo bull Naturalized in Florida
- No Swarms - Low Dispersal Distance - Easily Mass Reared
Female
Larva
Life Cycle of Hydrilla Miner
Female
Larva
Pupa
Egg
Cuda et al (1999 2002)
Hydrilla Miner Host Preference
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Hydrilla verticillata
(monoecious)
Elodea canadensis
Najas guadalupensis
Egeria densa Hydrilla verticillata
Chara vulgaris Potamogeton illinoensis
Ceratophyllum demersum
Vallisneria americana
Sagittaria kurziana
Eleocharis baldwinii
Utricularia macrorhiza
S
urvi
val
d d
d
cd
cd
bcd
b
ab
ab a a
Hydrilla Miner Host Preference
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Hydrilla verticillata
(monoecious)
Elodea canadensis
Najas guadalupensis
Egeria densa Hydrilla verticillata
Chara vulgaris Potamogeton illinoensis
Ceratophyllum demersum
Vallisneria americana
Sagittaria kurziana
Eleocharis baldwinii
Utricularia macrorhiza
S
urvi
val
d d
d
cd
cd
bcd
b
ab
ab a a
Grass Carp Preference bull Hydrilla bull Musk-grass bull Southern Naiad bull Brazilian elodea
Larva and Associated Tip Damage
Credit D Denson RCID
Block 1 Control Block 1 Midge
Lake Rowell Bradford Co September 2010
Changing Hydrillarsquos Architecture
Imazamox
Cl Miner
Mt Fungus
Management Goals bull Integrate Insect Fungus amp Herbicide = IPM bull Eliminate Adverse Effects of Surface Mats bull Reduce Reliance on Herbicides bull Create More Favorable Habitat
httpentomologyifasufleduhydrillaindexshtml
Hydrilla IPM Project
Outline bull Historical Perspective bull Current Activities bull Questions Comments
- BioControl of Waterhyacinth and Hydrilla
- Acknowledgements
- Outline
- Outline
- Waterhyacinth Worldwide Distribution
- Waterhyacinth amp BioControl in FL
- Waterhyacinth Mite amp Moth
- Waterhyacinth Weevils
- S Florida Canal- 1980s
- S Florida Canal- 1980s
- Water Hyacinath FungusCercospora piaropi
- Integrating Weevils amp Fungus
- Outline
- Waterhyacinth- New Agent
- Slide Number 15
- Slide Number 16
- Outline
- Worldwide Distribution of Hydrilla
- Hydrilla amp BioControl in Florida
- Augmentative BioControl
- Slide Number 21
- Slide Number 22
- Fortuitous (Adventive) BioControl
- Fortuitous Hydrilla BioControl
- Importation (Classical) BioControl
- Classical Hydrilla BioControl
- Classical Hydrilla BioControl
- Classical Hydrilla BioControl
- Impact of Hydrellia Flies
- Slide Number 30
- Slide Number 31
- Factors Impacting Hydrellia
- Fortuitous Hydrilla BioControl Cricotopus lebetis Sublette
- Outline
- Hydrillarsquos Impact on Wildlife
- Hydrilla Discovered in NY
- Slide Number 37
- ldquoIdealrdquo Hydrilla BioControl Agent
- The Hydrilla Miner
- Life Cycle of Hydrilla Miner
- Hydrilla Miner Host Preference
- Hydrilla Miner Host Preference
- Slide Number 43
- Slide Number 44
- Slide Number 45
- Slide Number 46
- Management Goals
- Hydrilla IPM Project
- Outline
-
bull Important Milestones 1884- Introduced at Exposition in New Orleans 1890- First Discovered in Florida 1950s- Occupied 51000 ha in Water Bodies 1970- Discovery of Native Mite Orthogalumna 1972- First Neochetina Weevil Introduced 1974- Second Neochetina Weevil Introduced 1974- Discovery of Cercospora Fungus in FL 1977- Niphograpta Moth Introduced 2010- Release of Megamalus Bug
Waterhyacinth amp BioControl in FL
Waterhyacinth Mite amp Moth Orthogalumna terebrantis
Niphograpta albiguttalis
Waterhyacinth Weevils
Neochetina Adults amp Damage Neochetina Larva amp Damage
S Florida Canal- 1980s
Photo credit T Center USDA
Neochetina spp
S Florida Canal- 1980s
Photo credit T Center USDA
Water Hyacinath Fungus Cercospora piaropi
Photo credit R Charudattan UF (Retired)
Integrating Weevils amp Fungus
bull Neochetina Weevils with Cercospora Fungus Photo credit R Charudattan UF (Retired)
Outline bull Current Activities Waterhyacinth BioControl
Waterhyacinth- New Agent Megamalus scutellaris
(Hem Delphacidae)
Photo credit P Tipping USDA
Feeding Damage
Photo credit P Tipping USDA
No Biocontrol
Biocontrol
Status of Biological Suppression of Waterhyacinth in Florida bull Biomass suppression 41-68 (4-15 TA) bull Seed suppression 157 K m-2 bull Degree of suppression dependent on abiotic and biotic factors bull Coverage still high despite suppression only reduced under lower nutrient conditions
Photo credit P Tipping USDA
Outline bull Historical Perspective Hydrilla BioControl
Worldwide Distribution of Hydrilla
httpwwwdiscoverlifeorgmp20mkind=Hydrilla+verticillataampguide=Aquatic_Invasives
bull Important Milestones 1950s- Hydrilla introduced into Florida 1968- Correctly IDrsquod herbicides ineffective 1970s- Rapid spread throughout Florida 1972- Release of grass carp in FL 1976- Discovery of adventive Parapoynx moth 1987- Release of Bagous tuber weevil 1987- Release of first Hydrellia leaf miner 1989- Release of 2nd Hydrellia leaf miner 1990- Discovery of Mycoleptodiscus fungus 1991- Release of Bagous stem Weevil 1992- Discovery of Cricotopus midge in FL 2000- Discovery of fluridone resistance
Hydrilla amp BioControl in Florida
Augmentative BioControl
bull Release of Large Numbers of a Biological Control Agent to Achieve a Rapid Effect
bull There is No Expectation the Biological Control Agent will Establish a Permanent (= Reproducing) Population
Augmentative Hydrilla BioControl
GRASS CARP
bull Sterile (Triploid) Grass Carp Used to Manage Hydrilla
bull BUT- They Are Not Selective Feeders
bull Can Only be Used in Closed Water Bodies
UF
Hydrilla Bioherbicide
Mycoleptodiscus terrestris (Native Fungal Pathogen)
Fortuitous (Adventive) BioControl
bull Regulation of a Weed Population by a Natural Enemy that Has Arrived from Elsewhere Without Deliberate Introduction
bull No Active Human Involvement
Fortuitous Hydrilla BioControl
bull Adventive sp from Asia bull Collected in 1976
Ft Lauderdale Area bull Hydrilla- Principle Host
Plant bull Introduced via Aquarium
Trade bull Damage to Hydrilla
Minimal amp Sporadic ndash Poor BioControl Agent copy H Clifford
Parapoynx diminutalis
Importation (Classical) BioControl bull Introduction and Release of Host
Specific Natural Enemies from the Weedrsquos Native Range to Reduce Its Growth Reproduction or Density in the Adventive1 Range
1Arrived into a specified geographical region from
elsewhere by ANY means
Classical Hydrilla BioControl
Hydrilla Tuber Weevil Bagous affinis
Classical Hydrilla BioControl
Hydrilla Stem Borer Bagous hydrillae
Classical Hydrilla BioControl
Hydrilla Leaf Miners Hydrellia spp
Impact of Hydrellia Flies
Photo credit M Grodowitz ERDC Doyle et al (2002)
Factors Impacting Hydrellia
y = -53114x + 23004R2 = 05772
0
400
800
1200
1600
2000
20 25 30 35 40 45
MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE (oC)
DEN
SITY
bull Hydrilla Mat Surface Temperature
Factors Impacting Hydrellia bull Predation by Damselfly amp Dragonfly Naiads
0200400600800
10001200140016001800
6-Jul-
95
4-Aug-9
5
13-S
ep-95
12-O
ct-95
9-Nov
-95
13-D
ec-95
29-Ja
n-96
28-Feb
-96
27-M
ar-96
29-A
pr-96
29-M
ay-96
25-Ju
n-96
24-Ju
l-96
27-A
ug-96
25-S
ep-96
22-O
ct-96
25-N
ov-96
28-Ja
n-97
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
HP LARVAE
DRAGONFLY NAIADS
UK
HYD
REL
LIA
DEN
SITY
(no
m
2 ) D
RAG
ON
FLY DEN
SITY (no m2)
Factors Impacting Hydrellia
bull Parasitism ndash Significant ndash Upwards of 30
bull Late in growing season
ndash Pupal parasitoid behavior
bull Selects wide range bull Stage chosen = most successful
TRICHOPRIA WASP
Photo credit M Grodowitz ERDC
bull Midge Discovered in Crystal River 1992
bull Identified Dec 1998 ndash Collected in 1959
Natchitoches LA ndash Described 1964 ndash Hydrilla in Louisiana ndash Natchitoches1973
bull Immigrant or Native Species
Male
Fortuitous Hydrilla BioControl Cricotopus lebetis Sublette
Outline bull Current Activities Hydrilla BioControl
Hydrillarsquos Impact on Wildlife Algae-Harboring Hydrilla
Causing Bald Eagle Deaths in the Southeast
httpanimaldiscoverycomguideswild-birdsa-camerican-coothtml
httpihuntcomgamewaterfowlring-necked-duck
httpapms-blogblogspotcom201203state-budget-has-hydrilla-moneyhtml
THURSDAY MARCH 29 2012 State budget has hydrilla money Source ithacajournalcom (New York) Date Published 03292012 The new state budget includes $800000 to help local efforts to stop the invasive aquatic plant hydrilla which was found last year in Cayuga Inlet Ithaca-area state senators announced Wednesday
httpapms-blogblogspotcom201203state-budget-has-hydrilla-moneyhtml
Hydrilla Discovered in NY
cpDNA haplotypes
China F
China G
China H
Japan
Indonesia
Taiwan
12
19
1 China E 6
5
3
4
2
7
10 19
China A
China C
Korea NE USA
Australia New Zealand
11
1
11
1 China B
India
China J China I Poland
China D
Florida Texas California Louisiana
Africa India Panama Pakistan
22
11
Hydrilla Genetic Studies
Williams et al unpubl
ldquoIdealrdquo Hydrilla BioControl Agent bull Narrow Host Range (=Safety)- Specialists bull Damages Vital Plant Tissues (=Individual Effect) bull Reproductively Prolific (=Population Effect) bull Entire Life Cycle on Submersed Hydrilla bull Amenable to Local Conditions (=Climate Match
amp Habitat Conditions) bull Thrives on Local Hydrilla (Biotype Match) bull Protected from Predators (=Endophagous)
Source TD Center USDA-ARS
The Hydrilla Miner
bull Tip- mining Midge - Larvae Feed on Living
Plant Tissue - Rare Occurrence
bull Prevents ldquotopping outrdquo bull Naturalized in Florida
- No Swarms - Low Dispersal Distance - Easily Mass Reared
Female
Larva
Life Cycle of Hydrilla Miner
Female
Larva
Pupa
Egg
Cuda et al (1999 2002)
Hydrilla Miner Host Preference
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Hydrilla verticillata
(monoecious)
Elodea canadensis
Najas guadalupensis
Egeria densa Hydrilla verticillata
Chara vulgaris Potamogeton illinoensis
Ceratophyllum demersum
Vallisneria americana
Sagittaria kurziana
Eleocharis baldwinii
Utricularia macrorhiza
S
urvi
val
d d
d
cd
cd
bcd
b
ab
ab a a
Hydrilla Miner Host Preference
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Hydrilla verticillata
(monoecious)
Elodea canadensis
Najas guadalupensis
Egeria densa Hydrilla verticillata
Chara vulgaris Potamogeton illinoensis
Ceratophyllum demersum
Vallisneria americana
Sagittaria kurziana
Eleocharis baldwinii
Utricularia macrorhiza
S
urvi
val
d d
d
cd
cd
bcd
b
ab
ab a a
Grass Carp Preference bull Hydrilla bull Musk-grass bull Southern Naiad bull Brazilian elodea
Larva and Associated Tip Damage
Credit D Denson RCID
Block 1 Control Block 1 Midge
Lake Rowell Bradford Co September 2010
Changing Hydrillarsquos Architecture
Imazamox
Cl Miner
Mt Fungus
Management Goals bull Integrate Insect Fungus amp Herbicide = IPM bull Eliminate Adverse Effects of Surface Mats bull Reduce Reliance on Herbicides bull Create More Favorable Habitat
httpentomologyifasufleduhydrillaindexshtml
Hydrilla IPM Project
Outline bull Historical Perspective bull Current Activities bull Questions Comments
- BioControl of Waterhyacinth and Hydrilla
- Acknowledgements
- Outline
- Outline
- Waterhyacinth Worldwide Distribution
- Waterhyacinth amp BioControl in FL
- Waterhyacinth Mite amp Moth
- Waterhyacinth Weevils
- S Florida Canal- 1980s
- S Florida Canal- 1980s
- Water Hyacinath FungusCercospora piaropi
- Integrating Weevils amp Fungus
- Outline
- Waterhyacinth- New Agent
- Slide Number 15
- Slide Number 16
- Outline
- Worldwide Distribution of Hydrilla
- Hydrilla amp BioControl in Florida
- Augmentative BioControl
- Slide Number 21
- Slide Number 22
- Fortuitous (Adventive) BioControl
- Fortuitous Hydrilla BioControl
- Importation (Classical) BioControl
- Classical Hydrilla BioControl
- Classical Hydrilla BioControl
- Classical Hydrilla BioControl
- Impact of Hydrellia Flies
- Slide Number 30
- Slide Number 31
- Factors Impacting Hydrellia
- Fortuitous Hydrilla BioControl Cricotopus lebetis Sublette
- Outline
- Hydrillarsquos Impact on Wildlife
- Hydrilla Discovered in NY
- Slide Number 37
- ldquoIdealrdquo Hydrilla BioControl Agent
- The Hydrilla Miner
- Life Cycle of Hydrilla Miner
- Hydrilla Miner Host Preference
- Hydrilla Miner Host Preference
- Slide Number 43
- Slide Number 44
- Slide Number 45
- Slide Number 46
- Management Goals
- Hydrilla IPM Project
- Outline
-
Waterhyacinth Mite amp Moth Orthogalumna terebrantis
Niphograpta albiguttalis
Waterhyacinth Weevils
Neochetina Adults amp Damage Neochetina Larva amp Damage
S Florida Canal- 1980s
Photo credit T Center USDA
Neochetina spp
S Florida Canal- 1980s
Photo credit T Center USDA
Water Hyacinath Fungus Cercospora piaropi
Photo credit R Charudattan UF (Retired)
Integrating Weevils amp Fungus
bull Neochetina Weevils with Cercospora Fungus Photo credit R Charudattan UF (Retired)
Outline bull Current Activities Waterhyacinth BioControl
Waterhyacinth- New Agent Megamalus scutellaris
(Hem Delphacidae)
Photo credit P Tipping USDA
Feeding Damage
Photo credit P Tipping USDA
No Biocontrol
Biocontrol
Status of Biological Suppression of Waterhyacinth in Florida bull Biomass suppression 41-68 (4-15 TA) bull Seed suppression 157 K m-2 bull Degree of suppression dependent on abiotic and biotic factors bull Coverage still high despite suppression only reduced under lower nutrient conditions
Photo credit P Tipping USDA
Outline bull Historical Perspective Hydrilla BioControl
Worldwide Distribution of Hydrilla
httpwwwdiscoverlifeorgmp20mkind=Hydrilla+verticillataampguide=Aquatic_Invasives
bull Important Milestones 1950s- Hydrilla introduced into Florida 1968- Correctly IDrsquod herbicides ineffective 1970s- Rapid spread throughout Florida 1972- Release of grass carp in FL 1976- Discovery of adventive Parapoynx moth 1987- Release of Bagous tuber weevil 1987- Release of first Hydrellia leaf miner 1989- Release of 2nd Hydrellia leaf miner 1990- Discovery of Mycoleptodiscus fungus 1991- Release of Bagous stem Weevil 1992- Discovery of Cricotopus midge in FL 2000- Discovery of fluridone resistance
Hydrilla amp BioControl in Florida
Augmentative BioControl
bull Release of Large Numbers of a Biological Control Agent to Achieve a Rapid Effect
bull There is No Expectation the Biological Control Agent will Establish a Permanent (= Reproducing) Population
Augmentative Hydrilla BioControl
GRASS CARP
bull Sterile (Triploid) Grass Carp Used to Manage Hydrilla
bull BUT- They Are Not Selective Feeders
bull Can Only be Used in Closed Water Bodies
UF
Hydrilla Bioherbicide
Mycoleptodiscus terrestris (Native Fungal Pathogen)
Fortuitous (Adventive) BioControl
bull Regulation of a Weed Population by a Natural Enemy that Has Arrived from Elsewhere Without Deliberate Introduction
bull No Active Human Involvement
Fortuitous Hydrilla BioControl
bull Adventive sp from Asia bull Collected in 1976
Ft Lauderdale Area bull Hydrilla- Principle Host
Plant bull Introduced via Aquarium
Trade bull Damage to Hydrilla
Minimal amp Sporadic ndash Poor BioControl Agent copy H Clifford
Parapoynx diminutalis
Importation (Classical) BioControl bull Introduction and Release of Host
Specific Natural Enemies from the Weedrsquos Native Range to Reduce Its Growth Reproduction or Density in the Adventive1 Range
1Arrived into a specified geographical region from
elsewhere by ANY means
Classical Hydrilla BioControl
Hydrilla Tuber Weevil Bagous affinis
Classical Hydrilla BioControl
Hydrilla Stem Borer Bagous hydrillae
Classical Hydrilla BioControl
Hydrilla Leaf Miners Hydrellia spp
Impact of Hydrellia Flies
Photo credit M Grodowitz ERDC Doyle et al (2002)
Factors Impacting Hydrellia
y = -53114x + 23004R2 = 05772
0
400
800
1200
1600
2000
20 25 30 35 40 45
MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE (oC)
DEN
SITY
bull Hydrilla Mat Surface Temperature
Factors Impacting Hydrellia bull Predation by Damselfly amp Dragonfly Naiads
0200400600800
10001200140016001800
6-Jul-
95
4-Aug-9
5
13-S
ep-95
12-O
ct-95
9-Nov
-95
13-D
ec-95
29-Ja
n-96
28-Feb
-96
27-M
ar-96
29-A
pr-96
29-M
ay-96
25-Ju
n-96
24-Ju
l-96
27-A
ug-96
25-S
ep-96
22-O
ct-96
25-N
ov-96
28-Ja
n-97
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
HP LARVAE
DRAGONFLY NAIADS
UK
HYD
REL
LIA
DEN
SITY
(no
m
2 ) D
RAG
ON
FLY DEN
SITY (no m2)
Factors Impacting Hydrellia
bull Parasitism ndash Significant ndash Upwards of 30
bull Late in growing season
ndash Pupal parasitoid behavior
bull Selects wide range bull Stage chosen = most successful
TRICHOPRIA WASP
Photo credit M Grodowitz ERDC
bull Midge Discovered in Crystal River 1992
bull Identified Dec 1998 ndash Collected in 1959
Natchitoches LA ndash Described 1964 ndash Hydrilla in Louisiana ndash Natchitoches1973
bull Immigrant or Native Species
Male
Fortuitous Hydrilla BioControl Cricotopus lebetis Sublette
Outline bull Current Activities Hydrilla BioControl
Hydrillarsquos Impact on Wildlife Algae-Harboring Hydrilla
Causing Bald Eagle Deaths in the Southeast
httpanimaldiscoverycomguideswild-birdsa-camerican-coothtml
httpihuntcomgamewaterfowlring-necked-duck
httpapms-blogblogspotcom201203state-budget-has-hydrilla-moneyhtml
THURSDAY MARCH 29 2012 State budget has hydrilla money Source ithacajournalcom (New York) Date Published 03292012 The new state budget includes $800000 to help local efforts to stop the invasive aquatic plant hydrilla which was found last year in Cayuga Inlet Ithaca-area state senators announced Wednesday
httpapms-blogblogspotcom201203state-budget-has-hydrilla-moneyhtml
Hydrilla Discovered in NY
cpDNA haplotypes
China F
China G
China H
Japan
Indonesia
Taiwan
12
19
1 China E 6
5
3
4
2
7
10 19
China A
China C
Korea NE USA
Australia New Zealand
11
1
11
1 China B
India
China J China I Poland
China D
Florida Texas California Louisiana
Africa India Panama Pakistan
22
11
Hydrilla Genetic Studies
Williams et al unpubl
ldquoIdealrdquo Hydrilla BioControl Agent bull Narrow Host Range (=Safety)- Specialists bull Damages Vital Plant Tissues (=Individual Effect) bull Reproductively Prolific (=Population Effect) bull Entire Life Cycle on Submersed Hydrilla bull Amenable to Local Conditions (=Climate Match
amp Habitat Conditions) bull Thrives on Local Hydrilla (Biotype Match) bull Protected from Predators (=Endophagous)
Source TD Center USDA-ARS
The Hydrilla Miner
bull Tip- mining Midge - Larvae Feed on Living
Plant Tissue - Rare Occurrence
bull Prevents ldquotopping outrdquo bull Naturalized in Florida
- No Swarms - Low Dispersal Distance - Easily Mass Reared
Female
Larva
Life Cycle of Hydrilla Miner
Female
Larva
Pupa
Egg
Cuda et al (1999 2002)
Hydrilla Miner Host Preference
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Hydrilla verticillata
(monoecious)
Elodea canadensis
Najas guadalupensis
Egeria densa Hydrilla verticillata
Chara vulgaris Potamogeton illinoensis
Ceratophyllum demersum
Vallisneria americana
Sagittaria kurziana
Eleocharis baldwinii
Utricularia macrorhiza
S
urvi
val
d d
d
cd
cd
bcd
b
ab
ab a a
Hydrilla Miner Host Preference
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Hydrilla verticillata
(monoecious)
Elodea canadensis
Najas guadalupensis
Egeria densa Hydrilla verticillata
Chara vulgaris Potamogeton illinoensis
Ceratophyllum demersum
Vallisneria americana
Sagittaria kurziana
Eleocharis baldwinii
Utricularia macrorhiza
S
urvi
val
d d
d
cd
cd
bcd
b
ab
ab a a
Grass Carp Preference bull Hydrilla bull Musk-grass bull Southern Naiad bull Brazilian elodea
Larva and Associated Tip Damage
Credit D Denson RCID
Block 1 Control Block 1 Midge
Lake Rowell Bradford Co September 2010
Changing Hydrillarsquos Architecture
Imazamox
Cl Miner
Mt Fungus
Management Goals bull Integrate Insect Fungus amp Herbicide = IPM bull Eliminate Adverse Effects of Surface Mats bull Reduce Reliance on Herbicides bull Create More Favorable Habitat
httpentomologyifasufleduhydrillaindexshtml
Hydrilla IPM Project
Outline bull Historical Perspective bull Current Activities bull Questions Comments
- BioControl of Waterhyacinth and Hydrilla
- Acknowledgements
- Outline
- Outline
- Waterhyacinth Worldwide Distribution
- Waterhyacinth amp BioControl in FL
- Waterhyacinth Mite amp Moth
- Waterhyacinth Weevils
- S Florida Canal- 1980s
- S Florida Canal- 1980s
- Water Hyacinath FungusCercospora piaropi
- Integrating Weevils amp Fungus
- Outline
- Waterhyacinth- New Agent
- Slide Number 15
- Slide Number 16
- Outline
- Worldwide Distribution of Hydrilla
- Hydrilla amp BioControl in Florida
- Augmentative BioControl
- Slide Number 21
- Slide Number 22
- Fortuitous (Adventive) BioControl
- Fortuitous Hydrilla BioControl
- Importation (Classical) BioControl
- Classical Hydrilla BioControl
- Classical Hydrilla BioControl
- Classical Hydrilla BioControl
- Impact of Hydrellia Flies
- Slide Number 30
- Slide Number 31
- Factors Impacting Hydrellia
- Fortuitous Hydrilla BioControl Cricotopus lebetis Sublette
- Outline
- Hydrillarsquos Impact on Wildlife
- Hydrilla Discovered in NY
- Slide Number 37
- ldquoIdealrdquo Hydrilla BioControl Agent
- The Hydrilla Miner
- Life Cycle of Hydrilla Miner
- Hydrilla Miner Host Preference
- Hydrilla Miner Host Preference
- Slide Number 43
- Slide Number 44
- Slide Number 45
- Slide Number 46
- Management Goals
- Hydrilla IPM Project
- Outline
-
Waterhyacinth Weevils
Neochetina Adults amp Damage Neochetina Larva amp Damage
S Florida Canal- 1980s
Photo credit T Center USDA
Neochetina spp
S Florida Canal- 1980s
Photo credit T Center USDA
Water Hyacinath Fungus Cercospora piaropi
Photo credit R Charudattan UF (Retired)
Integrating Weevils amp Fungus
bull Neochetina Weevils with Cercospora Fungus Photo credit R Charudattan UF (Retired)
Outline bull Current Activities Waterhyacinth BioControl
Waterhyacinth- New Agent Megamalus scutellaris
(Hem Delphacidae)
Photo credit P Tipping USDA
Feeding Damage
Photo credit P Tipping USDA
No Biocontrol
Biocontrol
Status of Biological Suppression of Waterhyacinth in Florida bull Biomass suppression 41-68 (4-15 TA) bull Seed suppression 157 K m-2 bull Degree of suppression dependent on abiotic and biotic factors bull Coverage still high despite suppression only reduced under lower nutrient conditions
Photo credit P Tipping USDA
Outline bull Historical Perspective Hydrilla BioControl
Worldwide Distribution of Hydrilla
httpwwwdiscoverlifeorgmp20mkind=Hydrilla+verticillataampguide=Aquatic_Invasives
bull Important Milestones 1950s- Hydrilla introduced into Florida 1968- Correctly IDrsquod herbicides ineffective 1970s- Rapid spread throughout Florida 1972- Release of grass carp in FL 1976- Discovery of adventive Parapoynx moth 1987- Release of Bagous tuber weevil 1987- Release of first Hydrellia leaf miner 1989- Release of 2nd Hydrellia leaf miner 1990- Discovery of Mycoleptodiscus fungus 1991- Release of Bagous stem Weevil 1992- Discovery of Cricotopus midge in FL 2000- Discovery of fluridone resistance
Hydrilla amp BioControl in Florida
Augmentative BioControl
bull Release of Large Numbers of a Biological Control Agent to Achieve a Rapid Effect
bull There is No Expectation the Biological Control Agent will Establish a Permanent (= Reproducing) Population
Augmentative Hydrilla BioControl
GRASS CARP
bull Sterile (Triploid) Grass Carp Used to Manage Hydrilla
bull BUT- They Are Not Selective Feeders
bull Can Only be Used in Closed Water Bodies
UF
Hydrilla Bioherbicide
Mycoleptodiscus terrestris (Native Fungal Pathogen)
Fortuitous (Adventive) BioControl
bull Regulation of a Weed Population by a Natural Enemy that Has Arrived from Elsewhere Without Deliberate Introduction
bull No Active Human Involvement
Fortuitous Hydrilla BioControl
bull Adventive sp from Asia bull Collected in 1976
Ft Lauderdale Area bull Hydrilla- Principle Host
Plant bull Introduced via Aquarium
Trade bull Damage to Hydrilla
Minimal amp Sporadic ndash Poor BioControl Agent copy H Clifford
Parapoynx diminutalis
Importation (Classical) BioControl bull Introduction and Release of Host
Specific Natural Enemies from the Weedrsquos Native Range to Reduce Its Growth Reproduction or Density in the Adventive1 Range
1Arrived into a specified geographical region from
elsewhere by ANY means
Classical Hydrilla BioControl
Hydrilla Tuber Weevil Bagous affinis
Classical Hydrilla BioControl
Hydrilla Stem Borer Bagous hydrillae
Classical Hydrilla BioControl
Hydrilla Leaf Miners Hydrellia spp
Impact of Hydrellia Flies
Photo credit M Grodowitz ERDC Doyle et al (2002)
Factors Impacting Hydrellia
y = -53114x + 23004R2 = 05772
0
400
800
1200
1600
2000
20 25 30 35 40 45
MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE (oC)
DEN
SITY
bull Hydrilla Mat Surface Temperature
Factors Impacting Hydrellia bull Predation by Damselfly amp Dragonfly Naiads
0200400600800
10001200140016001800
6-Jul-
95
4-Aug-9
5
13-S
ep-95
12-O
ct-95
9-Nov
-95
13-D
ec-95
29-Ja
n-96
28-Feb
-96
27-M
ar-96
29-A
pr-96
29-M
ay-96
25-Ju
n-96
24-Ju
l-96
27-A
ug-96
25-S
ep-96
22-O
ct-96
25-N
ov-96
28-Ja
n-97
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
HP LARVAE
DRAGONFLY NAIADS
UK
HYD
REL
LIA
DEN
SITY
(no
m
2 ) D
RAG
ON
FLY DEN
SITY (no m2)
Factors Impacting Hydrellia
bull Parasitism ndash Significant ndash Upwards of 30
bull Late in growing season
ndash Pupal parasitoid behavior
bull Selects wide range bull Stage chosen = most successful
TRICHOPRIA WASP
Photo credit M Grodowitz ERDC
bull Midge Discovered in Crystal River 1992
bull Identified Dec 1998 ndash Collected in 1959
Natchitoches LA ndash Described 1964 ndash Hydrilla in Louisiana ndash Natchitoches1973
bull Immigrant or Native Species
Male
Fortuitous Hydrilla BioControl Cricotopus lebetis Sublette
Outline bull Current Activities Hydrilla BioControl
Hydrillarsquos Impact on Wildlife Algae-Harboring Hydrilla
Causing Bald Eagle Deaths in the Southeast
httpanimaldiscoverycomguideswild-birdsa-camerican-coothtml
httpihuntcomgamewaterfowlring-necked-duck
httpapms-blogblogspotcom201203state-budget-has-hydrilla-moneyhtml
THURSDAY MARCH 29 2012 State budget has hydrilla money Source ithacajournalcom (New York) Date Published 03292012 The new state budget includes $800000 to help local efforts to stop the invasive aquatic plant hydrilla which was found last year in Cayuga Inlet Ithaca-area state senators announced Wednesday
httpapms-blogblogspotcom201203state-budget-has-hydrilla-moneyhtml
Hydrilla Discovered in NY
cpDNA haplotypes
China F
China G
China H
Japan
Indonesia
Taiwan
12
19
1 China E 6
5
3
4
2
7
10 19
China A
China C
Korea NE USA
Australia New Zealand
11
1
11
1 China B
India
China J China I Poland
China D
Florida Texas California Louisiana
Africa India Panama Pakistan
22
11
Hydrilla Genetic Studies
Williams et al unpubl
ldquoIdealrdquo Hydrilla BioControl Agent bull Narrow Host Range (=Safety)- Specialists bull Damages Vital Plant Tissues (=Individual Effect) bull Reproductively Prolific (=Population Effect) bull Entire Life Cycle on Submersed Hydrilla bull Amenable to Local Conditions (=Climate Match
amp Habitat Conditions) bull Thrives on Local Hydrilla (Biotype Match) bull Protected from Predators (=Endophagous)
Source TD Center USDA-ARS
The Hydrilla Miner
bull Tip- mining Midge - Larvae Feed on Living
Plant Tissue - Rare Occurrence
bull Prevents ldquotopping outrdquo bull Naturalized in Florida
- No Swarms - Low Dispersal Distance - Easily Mass Reared
Female
Larva
Life Cycle of Hydrilla Miner
Female
Larva
Pupa
Egg
Cuda et al (1999 2002)
Hydrilla Miner Host Preference
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Hydrilla verticillata
(monoecious)
Elodea canadensis
Najas guadalupensis
Egeria densa Hydrilla verticillata
Chara vulgaris Potamogeton illinoensis
Ceratophyllum demersum
Vallisneria americana
Sagittaria kurziana
Eleocharis baldwinii
Utricularia macrorhiza
S
urvi
val
d d
d
cd
cd
bcd
b
ab
ab a a
Hydrilla Miner Host Preference
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Hydrilla verticillata
(monoecious)
Elodea canadensis
Najas guadalupensis
Egeria densa Hydrilla verticillata
Chara vulgaris Potamogeton illinoensis
Ceratophyllum demersum
Vallisneria americana
Sagittaria kurziana
Eleocharis baldwinii
Utricularia macrorhiza
S
urvi
val
d d
d
cd
cd
bcd
b
ab
ab a a
Grass Carp Preference bull Hydrilla bull Musk-grass bull Southern Naiad bull Brazilian elodea
Larva and Associated Tip Damage
Credit D Denson RCID
Block 1 Control Block 1 Midge
Lake Rowell Bradford Co September 2010
Changing Hydrillarsquos Architecture
Imazamox
Cl Miner
Mt Fungus
Management Goals bull Integrate Insect Fungus amp Herbicide = IPM bull Eliminate Adverse Effects of Surface Mats bull Reduce Reliance on Herbicides bull Create More Favorable Habitat
httpentomologyifasufleduhydrillaindexshtml
Hydrilla IPM Project
Outline bull Historical Perspective bull Current Activities bull Questions Comments
- BioControl of Waterhyacinth and Hydrilla
- Acknowledgements
- Outline
- Outline
- Waterhyacinth Worldwide Distribution
- Waterhyacinth amp BioControl in FL
- Waterhyacinth Mite amp Moth
- Waterhyacinth Weevils
- S Florida Canal- 1980s
- S Florida Canal- 1980s
- Water Hyacinath FungusCercospora piaropi
- Integrating Weevils amp Fungus
- Outline
- Waterhyacinth- New Agent
- Slide Number 15
- Slide Number 16
- Outline
- Worldwide Distribution of Hydrilla
- Hydrilla amp BioControl in Florida
- Augmentative BioControl
- Slide Number 21
- Slide Number 22
- Fortuitous (Adventive) BioControl
- Fortuitous Hydrilla BioControl
- Importation (Classical) BioControl
- Classical Hydrilla BioControl
- Classical Hydrilla BioControl
- Classical Hydrilla BioControl
- Impact of Hydrellia Flies
- Slide Number 30
- Slide Number 31
- Factors Impacting Hydrellia
- Fortuitous Hydrilla BioControl Cricotopus lebetis Sublette
- Outline
- Hydrillarsquos Impact on Wildlife
- Hydrilla Discovered in NY
- Slide Number 37
- ldquoIdealrdquo Hydrilla BioControl Agent
- The Hydrilla Miner
- Life Cycle of Hydrilla Miner
- Hydrilla Miner Host Preference
- Hydrilla Miner Host Preference
- Slide Number 43
- Slide Number 44
- Slide Number 45
- Slide Number 46
- Management Goals
- Hydrilla IPM Project
- Outline
-
S Florida Canal- 1980s
Photo credit T Center USDA
Neochetina spp
S Florida Canal- 1980s
Photo credit T Center USDA
Water Hyacinath Fungus Cercospora piaropi
Photo credit R Charudattan UF (Retired)
Integrating Weevils amp Fungus
bull Neochetina Weevils with Cercospora Fungus Photo credit R Charudattan UF (Retired)
Outline bull Current Activities Waterhyacinth BioControl
Waterhyacinth- New Agent Megamalus scutellaris
(Hem Delphacidae)
Photo credit P Tipping USDA
Feeding Damage
Photo credit P Tipping USDA
No Biocontrol
Biocontrol
Status of Biological Suppression of Waterhyacinth in Florida bull Biomass suppression 41-68 (4-15 TA) bull Seed suppression 157 K m-2 bull Degree of suppression dependent on abiotic and biotic factors bull Coverage still high despite suppression only reduced under lower nutrient conditions
Photo credit P Tipping USDA
Outline bull Historical Perspective Hydrilla BioControl
Worldwide Distribution of Hydrilla
httpwwwdiscoverlifeorgmp20mkind=Hydrilla+verticillataampguide=Aquatic_Invasives
bull Important Milestones 1950s- Hydrilla introduced into Florida 1968- Correctly IDrsquod herbicides ineffective 1970s- Rapid spread throughout Florida 1972- Release of grass carp in FL 1976- Discovery of adventive Parapoynx moth 1987- Release of Bagous tuber weevil 1987- Release of first Hydrellia leaf miner 1989- Release of 2nd Hydrellia leaf miner 1990- Discovery of Mycoleptodiscus fungus 1991- Release of Bagous stem Weevil 1992- Discovery of Cricotopus midge in FL 2000- Discovery of fluridone resistance
Hydrilla amp BioControl in Florida
Augmentative BioControl
bull Release of Large Numbers of a Biological Control Agent to Achieve a Rapid Effect
bull There is No Expectation the Biological Control Agent will Establish a Permanent (= Reproducing) Population
Augmentative Hydrilla BioControl
GRASS CARP
bull Sterile (Triploid) Grass Carp Used to Manage Hydrilla
bull BUT- They Are Not Selective Feeders
bull Can Only be Used in Closed Water Bodies
UF
Hydrilla Bioherbicide
Mycoleptodiscus terrestris (Native Fungal Pathogen)
Fortuitous (Adventive) BioControl
bull Regulation of a Weed Population by a Natural Enemy that Has Arrived from Elsewhere Without Deliberate Introduction
bull No Active Human Involvement
Fortuitous Hydrilla BioControl
bull Adventive sp from Asia bull Collected in 1976
Ft Lauderdale Area bull Hydrilla- Principle Host
Plant bull Introduced via Aquarium
Trade bull Damage to Hydrilla
Minimal amp Sporadic ndash Poor BioControl Agent copy H Clifford
Parapoynx diminutalis
Importation (Classical) BioControl bull Introduction and Release of Host
Specific Natural Enemies from the Weedrsquos Native Range to Reduce Its Growth Reproduction or Density in the Adventive1 Range
1Arrived into a specified geographical region from
elsewhere by ANY means
Classical Hydrilla BioControl
Hydrilla Tuber Weevil Bagous affinis
Classical Hydrilla BioControl
Hydrilla Stem Borer Bagous hydrillae
Classical Hydrilla BioControl
Hydrilla Leaf Miners Hydrellia spp
Impact of Hydrellia Flies
Photo credit M Grodowitz ERDC Doyle et al (2002)
Factors Impacting Hydrellia
y = -53114x + 23004R2 = 05772
0
400
800
1200
1600
2000
20 25 30 35 40 45
MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE (oC)
DEN
SITY
bull Hydrilla Mat Surface Temperature
Factors Impacting Hydrellia bull Predation by Damselfly amp Dragonfly Naiads
0200400600800
10001200140016001800
6-Jul-
95
4-Aug-9
5
13-S
ep-95
12-O
ct-95
9-Nov
-95
13-D
ec-95
29-Ja
n-96
28-Feb
-96
27-M
ar-96
29-A
pr-96
29-M
ay-96
25-Ju
n-96
24-Ju
l-96
27-A
ug-96
25-S
ep-96
22-O
ct-96
25-N
ov-96
28-Ja
n-97
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
HP LARVAE
DRAGONFLY NAIADS
UK
HYD
REL
LIA
DEN
SITY
(no
m
2 ) D
RAG
ON
FLY DEN
SITY (no m2)
Factors Impacting Hydrellia
bull Parasitism ndash Significant ndash Upwards of 30
bull Late in growing season
ndash Pupal parasitoid behavior
bull Selects wide range bull Stage chosen = most successful
TRICHOPRIA WASP
Photo credit M Grodowitz ERDC
bull Midge Discovered in Crystal River 1992
bull Identified Dec 1998 ndash Collected in 1959
Natchitoches LA ndash Described 1964 ndash Hydrilla in Louisiana ndash Natchitoches1973
bull Immigrant or Native Species
Male
Fortuitous Hydrilla BioControl Cricotopus lebetis Sublette
Outline bull Current Activities Hydrilla BioControl
Hydrillarsquos Impact on Wildlife Algae-Harboring Hydrilla
Causing Bald Eagle Deaths in the Southeast
httpanimaldiscoverycomguideswild-birdsa-camerican-coothtml
httpihuntcomgamewaterfowlring-necked-duck
httpapms-blogblogspotcom201203state-budget-has-hydrilla-moneyhtml
THURSDAY MARCH 29 2012 State budget has hydrilla money Source ithacajournalcom (New York) Date Published 03292012 The new state budget includes $800000 to help local efforts to stop the invasive aquatic plant hydrilla which was found last year in Cayuga Inlet Ithaca-area state senators announced Wednesday
httpapms-blogblogspotcom201203state-budget-has-hydrilla-moneyhtml
Hydrilla Discovered in NY
cpDNA haplotypes
China F
China G
China H
Japan
Indonesia
Taiwan
12
19
1 China E 6
5
3
4
2
7
10 19
China A
China C
Korea NE USA
Australia New Zealand
11
1
11
1 China B
India
China J China I Poland
China D
Florida Texas California Louisiana
Africa India Panama Pakistan
22
11
Hydrilla Genetic Studies
Williams et al unpubl
ldquoIdealrdquo Hydrilla BioControl Agent bull Narrow Host Range (=Safety)- Specialists bull Damages Vital Plant Tissues (=Individual Effect) bull Reproductively Prolific (=Population Effect) bull Entire Life Cycle on Submersed Hydrilla bull Amenable to Local Conditions (=Climate Match
amp Habitat Conditions) bull Thrives on Local Hydrilla (Biotype Match) bull Protected from Predators (=Endophagous)
Source TD Center USDA-ARS
The Hydrilla Miner
bull Tip- mining Midge - Larvae Feed on Living
Plant Tissue - Rare Occurrence
bull Prevents ldquotopping outrdquo bull Naturalized in Florida
- No Swarms - Low Dispersal Distance - Easily Mass Reared
Female
Larva
Life Cycle of Hydrilla Miner
Female
Larva
Pupa
Egg
Cuda et al (1999 2002)
Hydrilla Miner Host Preference
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Hydrilla verticillata
(monoecious)
Elodea canadensis
Najas guadalupensis
Egeria densa Hydrilla verticillata
Chara vulgaris Potamogeton illinoensis
Ceratophyllum demersum
Vallisneria americana
Sagittaria kurziana
Eleocharis baldwinii
Utricularia macrorhiza
S
urvi
val
d d
d
cd
cd
bcd
b
ab
ab a a
Hydrilla Miner Host Preference
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Hydrilla verticillata
(monoecious)
Elodea canadensis
Najas guadalupensis
Egeria densa Hydrilla verticillata
Chara vulgaris Potamogeton illinoensis
Ceratophyllum demersum
Vallisneria americana
Sagittaria kurziana
Eleocharis baldwinii
Utricularia macrorhiza
S
urvi
val
d d
d
cd
cd
bcd
b
ab
ab a a
Grass Carp Preference bull Hydrilla bull Musk-grass bull Southern Naiad bull Brazilian elodea
Larva and Associated Tip Damage
Credit D Denson RCID
Block 1 Control Block 1 Midge
Lake Rowell Bradford Co September 2010
Changing Hydrillarsquos Architecture
Imazamox
Cl Miner
Mt Fungus
Management Goals bull Integrate Insect Fungus amp Herbicide = IPM bull Eliminate Adverse Effects of Surface Mats bull Reduce Reliance on Herbicides bull Create More Favorable Habitat
httpentomologyifasufleduhydrillaindexshtml
Hydrilla IPM Project
Outline bull Historical Perspective bull Current Activities bull Questions Comments
- BioControl of Waterhyacinth and Hydrilla
- Acknowledgements
- Outline
- Outline
- Waterhyacinth Worldwide Distribution
- Waterhyacinth amp BioControl in FL
- Waterhyacinth Mite amp Moth
- Waterhyacinth Weevils
- S Florida Canal- 1980s
- S Florida Canal- 1980s
- Water Hyacinath FungusCercospora piaropi
- Integrating Weevils amp Fungus
- Outline
- Waterhyacinth- New Agent
- Slide Number 15
- Slide Number 16
- Outline
- Worldwide Distribution of Hydrilla
- Hydrilla amp BioControl in Florida
- Augmentative BioControl
- Slide Number 21
- Slide Number 22
- Fortuitous (Adventive) BioControl
- Fortuitous Hydrilla BioControl
- Importation (Classical) BioControl
- Classical Hydrilla BioControl
- Classical Hydrilla BioControl
- Classical Hydrilla BioControl
- Impact of Hydrellia Flies
- Slide Number 30
- Slide Number 31
- Factors Impacting Hydrellia
- Fortuitous Hydrilla BioControl Cricotopus lebetis Sublette
- Outline
- Hydrillarsquos Impact on Wildlife
- Hydrilla Discovered in NY
- Slide Number 37
- ldquoIdealrdquo Hydrilla BioControl Agent
- The Hydrilla Miner
- Life Cycle of Hydrilla Miner
- Hydrilla Miner Host Preference
- Hydrilla Miner Host Preference
- Slide Number 43
- Slide Number 44
- Slide Number 45
- Slide Number 46
- Management Goals
- Hydrilla IPM Project
- Outline
-
S Florida Canal- 1980s
Photo credit T Center USDA
Water Hyacinath Fungus Cercospora piaropi
Photo credit R Charudattan UF (Retired)
Integrating Weevils amp Fungus
bull Neochetina Weevils with Cercospora Fungus Photo credit R Charudattan UF (Retired)
Outline bull Current Activities Waterhyacinth BioControl
Waterhyacinth- New Agent Megamalus scutellaris
(Hem Delphacidae)
Photo credit P Tipping USDA
Feeding Damage
Photo credit P Tipping USDA
No Biocontrol
Biocontrol
Status of Biological Suppression of Waterhyacinth in Florida bull Biomass suppression 41-68 (4-15 TA) bull Seed suppression 157 K m-2 bull Degree of suppression dependent on abiotic and biotic factors bull Coverage still high despite suppression only reduced under lower nutrient conditions
Photo credit P Tipping USDA
Outline bull Historical Perspective Hydrilla BioControl
Worldwide Distribution of Hydrilla
httpwwwdiscoverlifeorgmp20mkind=Hydrilla+verticillataampguide=Aquatic_Invasives
bull Important Milestones 1950s- Hydrilla introduced into Florida 1968- Correctly IDrsquod herbicides ineffective 1970s- Rapid spread throughout Florida 1972- Release of grass carp in FL 1976- Discovery of adventive Parapoynx moth 1987- Release of Bagous tuber weevil 1987- Release of first Hydrellia leaf miner 1989- Release of 2nd Hydrellia leaf miner 1990- Discovery of Mycoleptodiscus fungus 1991- Release of Bagous stem Weevil 1992- Discovery of Cricotopus midge in FL 2000- Discovery of fluridone resistance
Hydrilla amp BioControl in Florida
Augmentative BioControl
bull Release of Large Numbers of a Biological Control Agent to Achieve a Rapid Effect
bull There is No Expectation the Biological Control Agent will Establish a Permanent (= Reproducing) Population
Augmentative Hydrilla BioControl
GRASS CARP
bull Sterile (Triploid) Grass Carp Used to Manage Hydrilla
bull BUT- They Are Not Selective Feeders
bull Can Only be Used in Closed Water Bodies
UF
Hydrilla Bioherbicide
Mycoleptodiscus terrestris (Native Fungal Pathogen)
Fortuitous (Adventive) BioControl
bull Regulation of a Weed Population by a Natural Enemy that Has Arrived from Elsewhere Without Deliberate Introduction
bull No Active Human Involvement
Fortuitous Hydrilla BioControl
bull Adventive sp from Asia bull Collected in 1976
Ft Lauderdale Area bull Hydrilla- Principle Host
Plant bull Introduced via Aquarium
Trade bull Damage to Hydrilla
Minimal amp Sporadic ndash Poor BioControl Agent copy H Clifford
Parapoynx diminutalis
Importation (Classical) BioControl bull Introduction and Release of Host
Specific Natural Enemies from the Weedrsquos Native Range to Reduce Its Growth Reproduction or Density in the Adventive1 Range
1Arrived into a specified geographical region from
elsewhere by ANY means
Classical Hydrilla BioControl
Hydrilla Tuber Weevil Bagous affinis
Classical Hydrilla BioControl
Hydrilla Stem Borer Bagous hydrillae
Classical Hydrilla BioControl
Hydrilla Leaf Miners Hydrellia spp
Impact of Hydrellia Flies
Photo credit M Grodowitz ERDC Doyle et al (2002)
Factors Impacting Hydrellia
y = -53114x + 23004R2 = 05772
0
400
800
1200
1600
2000
20 25 30 35 40 45
MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE (oC)
DEN
SITY
bull Hydrilla Mat Surface Temperature
Factors Impacting Hydrellia bull Predation by Damselfly amp Dragonfly Naiads
0200400600800
10001200140016001800
6-Jul-
95
4-Aug-9
5
13-S
ep-95
12-O
ct-95
9-Nov
-95
13-D
ec-95
29-Ja
n-96
28-Feb
-96
27-M
ar-96
29-A
pr-96
29-M
ay-96
25-Ju
n-96
24-Ju
l-96
27-A
ug-96
25-S
ep-96
22-O
ct-96
25-N
ov-96
28-Ja
n-97
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
HP LARVAE
DRAGONFLY NAIADS
UK
HYD
REL
LIA
DEN
SITY
(no
m
2 ) D
RAG
ON
FLY DEN
SITY (no m2)
Factors Impacting Hydrellia
bull Parasitism ndash Significant ndash Upwards of 30
bull Late in growing season
ndash Pupal parasitoid behavior
bull Selects wide range bull Stage chosen = most successful
TRICHOPRIA WASP
Photo credit M Grodowitz ERDC
bull Midge Discovered in Crystal River 1992
bull Identified Dec 1998 ndash Collected in 1959
Natchitoches LA ndash Described 1964 ndash Hydrilla in Louisiana ndash Natchitoches1973
bull Immigrant or Native Species
Male
Fortuitous Hydrilla BioControl Cricotopus lebetis Sublette
Outline bull Current Activities Hydrilla BioControl
Hydrillarsquos Impact on Wildlife Algae-Harboring Hydrilla
Causing Bald Eagle Deaths in the Southeast
httpanimaldiscoverycomguideswild-birdsa-camerican-coothtml
httpihuntcomgamewaterfowlring-necked-duck
httpapms-blogblogspotcom201203state-budget-has-hydrilla-moneyhtml
THURSDAY MARCH 29 2012 State budget has hydrilla money Source ithacajournalcom (New York) Date Published 03292012 The new state budget includes $800000 to help local efforts to stop the invasive aquatic plant hydrilla which was found last year in Cayuga Inlet Ithaca-area state senators announced Wednesday
httpapms-blogblogspotcom201203state-budget-has-hydrilla-moneyhtml
Hydrilla Discovered in NY
cpDNA haplotypes
China F
China G
China H
Japan
Indonesia
Taiwan
12
19
1 China E 6
5
3
4
2
7
10 19
China A
China C
Korea NE USA
Australia New Zealand
11
1
11
1 China B
India
China J China I Poland
China D
Florida Texas California Louisiana
Africa India Panama Pakistan
22
11
Hydrilla Genetic Studies
Williams et al unpubl
ldquoIdealrdquo Hydrilla BioControl Agent bull Narrow Host Range (=Safety)- Specialists bull Damages Vital Plant Tissues (=Individual Effect) bull Reproductively Prolific (=Population Effect) bull Entire Life Cycle on Submersed Hydrilla bull Amenable to Local Conditions (=Climate Match
amp Habitat Conditions) bull Thrives on Local Hydrilla (Biotype Match) bull Protected from Predators (=Endophagous)
Source TD Center USDA-ARS
The Hydrilla Miner
bull Tip- mining Midge - Larvae Feed on Living
Plant Tissue - Rare Occurrence
bull Prevents ldquotopping outrdquo bull Naturalized in Florida
- No Swarms - Low Dispersal Distance - Easily Mass Reared
Female
Larva
Life Cycle of Hydrilla Miner
Female
Larva
Pupa
Egg
Cuda et al (1999 2002)
Hydrilla Miner Host Preference
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Hydrilla verticillata
(monoecious)
Elodea canadensis
Najas guadalupensis
Egeria densa Hydrilla verticillata
Chara vulgaris Potamogeton illinoensis
Ceratophyllum demersum
Vallisneria americana
Sagittaria kurziana
Eleocharis baldwinii
Utricularia macrorhiza
S
urvi
val
d d
d
cd
cd
bcd
b
ab
ab a a
Hydrilla Miner Host Preference
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Hydrilla verticillata
(monoecious)
Elodea canadensis
Najas guadalupensis
Egeria densa Hydrilla verticillata
Chara vulgaris Potamogeton illinoensis
Ceratophyllum demersum
Vallisneria americana
Sagittaria kurziana
Eleocharis baldwinii
Utricularia macrorhiza
S
urvi
val
d d
d
cd
cd
bcd
b
ab
ab a a
Grass Carp Preference bull Hydrilla bull Musk-grass bull Southern Naiad bull Brazilian elodea
Larva and Associated Tip Damage
Credit D Denson RCID
Block 1 Control Block 1 Midge
Lake Rowell Bradford Co September 2010
Changing Hydrillarsquos Architecture
Imazamox
Cl Miner
Mt Fungus
Management Goals bull Integrate Insect Fungus amp Herbicide = IPM bull Eliminate Adverse Effects of Surface Mats bull Reduce Reliance on Herbicides bull Create More Favorable Habitat
httpentomologyifasufleduhydrillaindexshtml
Hydrilla IPM Project
Outline bull Historical Perspective bull Current Activities bull Questions Comments
- BioControl of Waterhyacinth and Hydrilla
- Acknowledgements
- Outline
- Outline
- Waterhyacinth Worldwide Distribution
- Waterhyacinth amp BioControl in FL
- Waterhyacinth Mite amp Moth
- Waterhyacinth Weevils
- S Florida Canal- 1980s
- S Florida Canal- 1980s
- Water Hyacinath FungusCercospora piaropi
- Integrating Weevils amp Fungus
- Outline
- Waterhyacinth- New Agent
- Slide Number 15
- Slide Number 16
- Outline
- Worldwide Distribution of Hydrilla
- Hydrilla amp BioControl in Florida
- Augmentative BioControl
- Slide Number 21
- Slide Number 22
- Fortuitous (Adventive) BioControl
- Fortuitous Hydrilla BioControl
- Importation (Classical) BioControl
- Classical Hydrilla BioControl
- Classical Hydrilla BioControl
- Classical Hydrilla BioControl
- Impact of Hydrellia Flies
- Slide Number 30
- Slide Number 31
- Factors Impacting Hydrellia
- Fortuitous Hydrilla BioControl Cricotopus lebetis Sublette
- Outline
- Hydrillarsquos Impact on Wildlife
- Hydrilla Discovered in NY
- Slide Number 37
- ldquoIdealrdquo Hydrilla BioControl Agent
- The Hydrilla Miner
- Life Cycle of Hydrilla Miner
- Hydrilla Miner Host Preference
- Hydrilla Miner Host Preference
- Slide Number 43
- Slide Number 44
- Slide Number 45
- Slide Number 46
- Management Goals
- Hydrilla IPM Project
- Outline
-
Water Hyacinath Fungus Cercospora piaropi
Photo credit R Charudattan UF (Retired)
Integrating Weevils amp Fungus
bull Neochetina Weevils with Cercospora Fungus Photo credit R Charudattan UF (Retired)
Outline bull Current Activities Waterhyacinth BioControl
Waterhyacinth- New Agent Megamalus scutellaris
(Hem Delphacidae)
Photo credit P Tipping USDA
Feeding Damage
Photo credit P Tipping USDA
No Biocontrol
Biocontrol
Status of Biological Suppression of Waterhyacinth in Florida bull Biomass suppression 41-68 (4-15 TA) bull Seed suppression 157 K m-2 bull Degree of suppression dependent on abiotic and biotic factors bull Coverage still high despite suppression only reduced under lower nutrient conditions
Photo credit P Tipping USDA
Outline bull Historical Perspective Hydrilla BioControl
Worldwide Distribution of Hydrilla
httpwwwdiscoverlifeorgmp20mkind=Hydrilla+verticillataampguide=Aquatic_Invasives
bull Important Milestones 1950s- Hydrilla introduced into Florida 1968- Correctly IDrsquod herbicides ineffective 1970s- Rapid spread throughout Florida 1972- Release of grass carp in FL 1976- Discovery of adventive Parapoynx moth 1987- Release of Bagous tuber weevil 1987- Release of first Hydrellia leaf miner 1989- Release of 2nd Hydrellia leaf miner 1990- Discovery of Mycoleptodiscus fungus 1991- Release of Bagous stem Weevil 1992- Discovery of Cricotopus midge in FL 2000- Discovery of fluridone resistance
Hydrilla amp BioControl in Florida
Augmentative BioControl
bull Release of Large Numbers of a Biological Control Agent to Achieve a Rapid Effect
bull There is No Expectation the Biological Control Agent will Establish a Permanent (= Reproducing) Population
Augmentative Hydrilla BioControl
GRASS CARP
bull Sterile (Triploid) Grass Carp Used to Manage Hydrilla
bull BUT- They Are Not Selective Feeders
bull Can Only be Used in Closed Water Bodies
UF
Hydrilla Bioherbicide
Mycoleptodiscus terrestris (Native Fungal Pathogen)
Fortuitous (Adventive) BioControl
bull Regulation of a Weed Population by a Natural Enemy that Has Arrived from Elsewhere Without Deliberate Introduction
bull No Active Human Involvement
Fortuitous Hydrilla BioControl
bull Adventive sp from Asia bull Collected in 1976
Ft Lauderdale Area bull Hydrilla- Principle Host
Plant bull Introduced via Aquarium
Trade bull Damage to Hydrilla
Minimal amp Sporadic ndash Poor BioControl Agent copy H Clifford
Parapoynx diminutalis
Importation (Classical) BioControl bull Introduction and Release of Host
Specific Natural Enemies from the Weedrsquos Native Range to Reduce Its Growth Reproduction or Density in the Adventive1 Range
1Arrived into a specified geographical region from
elsewhere by ANY means
Classical Hydrilla BioControl
Hydrilla Tuber Weevil Bagous affinis
Classical Hydrilla BioControl
Hydrilla Stem Borer Bagous hydrillae
Classical Hydrilla BioControl
Hydrilla Leaf Miners Hydrellia spp
Impact of Hydrellia Flies
Photo credit M Grodowitz ERDC Doyle et al (2002)
Factors Impacting Hydrellia
y = -53114x + 23004R2 = 05772
0
400
800
1200
1600
2000
20 25 30 35 40 45
MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE (oC)
DEN
SITY
bull Hydrilla Mat Surface Temperature
Factors Impacting Hydrellia bull Predation by Damselfly amp Dragonfly Naiads
0200400600800
10001200140016001800
6-Jul-
95
4-Aug-9
5
13-S
ep-95
12-O
ct-95
9-Nov
-95
13-D
ec-95
29-Ja
n-96
28-Feb
-96
27-M
ar-96
29-A
pr-96
29-M
ay-96
25-Ju
n-96
24-Ju
l-96
27-A
ug-96
25-S
ep-96
22-O
ct-96
25-N
ov-96
28-Ja
n-97
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
HP LARVAE
DRAGONFLY NAIADS
UK
HYD
REL
LIA
DEN
SITY
(no
m
2 ) D
RAG
ON
FLY DEN
SITY (no m2)
Factors Impacting Hydrellia
bull Parasitism ndash Significant ndash Upwards of 30
bull Late in growing season
ndash Pupal parasitoid behavior
bull Selects wide range bull Stage chosen = most successful
TRICHOPRIA WASP
Photo credit M Grodowitz ERDC
bull Midge Discovered in Crystal River 1992
bull Identified Dec 1998 ndash Collected in 1959
Natchitoches LA ndash Described 1964 ndash Hydrilla in Louisiana ndash Natchitoches1973
bull Immigrant or Native Species
Male
Fortuitous Hydrilla BioControl Cricotopus lebetis Sublette
Outline bull Current Activities Hydrilla BioControl
Hydrillarsquos Impact on Wildlife Algae-Harboring Hydrilla
Causing Bald Eagle Deaths in the Southeast
httpanimaldiscoverycomguideswild-birdsa-camerican-coothtml
httpihuntcomgamewaterfowlring-necked-duck
httpapms-blogblogspotcom201203state-budget-has-hydrilla-moneyhtml
THURSDAY MARCH 29 2012 State budget has hydrilla money Source ithacajournalcom (New York) Date Published 03292012 The new state budget includes $800000 to help local efforts to stop the invasive aquatic plant hydrilla which was found last year in Cayuga Inlet Ithaca-area state senators announced Wednesday
httpapms-blogblogspotcom201203state-budget-has-hydrilla-moneyhtml
Hydrilla Discovered in NY
cpDNA haplotypes
China F
China G
China H
Japan
Indonesia
Taiwan
12
19
1 China E 6
5
3
4
2
7
10 19
China A
China C
Korea NE USA
Australia New Zealand
11
1
11
1 China B
India
China J China I Poland
China D
Florida Texas California Louisiana
Africa India Panama Pakistan
22
11
Hydrilla Genetic Studies
Williams et al unpubl
ldquoIdealrdquo Hydrilla BioControl Agent bull Narrow Host Range (=Safety)- Specialists bull Damages Vital Plant Tissues (=Individual Effect) bull Reproductively Prolific (=Population Effect) bull Entire Life Cycle on Submersed Hydrilla bull Amenable to Local Conditions (=Climate Match
amp Habitat Conditions) bull Thrives on Local Hydrilla (Biotype Match) bull Protected from Predators (=Endophagous)
Source TD Center USDA-ARS
The Hydrilla Miner
bull Tip- mining Midge - Larvae Feed on Living
Plant Tissue - Rare Occurrence
bull Prevents ldquotopping outrdquo bull Naturalized in Florida
- No Swarms - Low Dispersal Distance - Easily Mass Reared
Female
Larva
Life Cycle of Hydrilla Miner
Female
Larva
Pupa
Egg
Cuda et al (1999 2002)
Hydrilla Miner Host Preference
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Hydrilla verticillata
(monoecious)
Elodea canadensis
Najas guadalupensis
Egeria densa Hydrilla verticillata
Chara vulgaris Potamogeton illinoensis
Ceratophyllum demersum
Vallisneria americana
Sagittaria kurziana
Eleocharis baldwinii
Utricularia macrorhiza
S
urvi
val
d d
d
cd
cd
bcd
b
ab
ab a a
Hydrilla Miner Host Preference
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Hydrilla verticillata
(monoecious)
Elodea canadensis
Najas guadalupensis
Egeria densa Hydrilla verticillata
Chara vulgaris Potamogeton illinoensis
Ceratophyllum demersum
Vallisneria americana
Sagittaria kurziana
Eleocharis baldwinii
Utricularia macrorhiza
S
urvi
val
d d
d
cd
cd
bcd
b
ab
ab a a
Grass Carp Preference bull Hydrilla bull Musk-grass bull Southern Naiad bull Brazilian elodea
Larva and Associated Tip Damage
Credit D Denson RCID
Block 1 Control Block 1 Midge
Lake Rowell Bradford Co September 2010
Changing Hydrillarsquos Architecture
Imazamox
Cl Miner
Mt Fungus
Management Goals bull Integrate Insect Fungus amp Herbicide = IPM bull Eliminate Adverse Effects of Surface Mats bull Reduce Reliance on Herbicides bull Create More Favorable Habitat
httpentomologyifasufleduhydrillaindexshtml
Hydrilla IPM Project
Outline bull Historical Perspective bull Current Activities bull Questions Comments
- BioControl of Waterhyacinth and Hydrilla
- Acknowledgements
- Outline
- Outline
- Waterhyacinth Worldwide Distribution
- Waterhyacinth amp BioControl in FL
- Waterhyacinth Mite amp Moth
- Waterhyacinth Weevils
- S Florida Canal- 1980s
- S Florida Canal- 1980s
- Water Hyacinath FungusCercospora piaropi
- Integrating Weevils amp Fungus
- Outline
- Waterhyacinth- New Agent
- Slide Number 15
- Slide Number 16
- Outline
- Worldwide Distribution of Hydrilla
- Hydrilla amp BioControl in Florida
- Augmentative BioControl
- Slide Number 21
- Slide Number 22
- Fortuitous (Adventive) BioControl
- Fortuitous Hydrilla BioControl
- Importation (Classical) BioControl
- Classical Hydrilla BioControl
- Classical Hydrilla BioControl
- Classical Hydrilla BioControl
- Impact of Hydrellia Flies
- Slide Number 30
- Slide Number 31
- Factors Impacting Hydrellia
- Fortuitous Hydrilla BioControl Cricotopus lebetis Sublette
- Outline
- Hydrillarsquos Impact on Wildlife
- Hydrilla Discovered in NY
- Slide Number 37
- ldquoIdealrdquo Hydrilla BioControl Agent
- The Hydrilla Miner
- Life Cycle of Hydrilla Miner
- Hydrilla Miner Host Preference
- Hydrilla Miner Host Preference
- Slide Number 43
- Slide Number 44
- Slide Number 45
- Slide Number 46
- Management Goals
- Hydrilla IPM Project
- Outline
-
Integrating Weevils amp Fungus
bull Neochetina Weevils with Cercospora Fungus Photo credit R Charudattan UF (Retired)
Outline bull Current Activities Waterhyacinth BioControl
Waterhyacinth- New Agent Megamalus scutellaris
(Hem Delphacidae)
Photo credit P Tipping USDA
Feeding Damage
Photo credit P Tipping USDA
No Biocontrol
Biocontrol
Status of Biological Suppression of Waterhyacinth in Florida bull Biomass suppression 41-68 (4-15 TA) bull Seed suppression 157 K m-2 bull Degree of suppression dependent on abiotic and biotic factors bull Coverage still high despite suppression only reduced under lower nutrient conditions
Photo credit P Tipping USDA
Outline bull Historical Perspective Hydrilla BioControl
Worldwide Distribution of Hydrilla
httpwwwdiscoverlifeorgmp20mkind=Hydrilla+verticillataampguide=Aquatic_Invasives
bull Important Milestones 1950s- Hydrilla introduced into Florida 1968- Correctly IDrsquod herbicides ineffective 1970s- Rapid spread throughout Florida 1972- Release of grass carp in FL 1976- Discovery of adventive Parapoynx moth 1987- Release of Bagous tuber weevil 1987- Release of first Hydrellia leaf miner 1989- Release of 2nd Hydrellia leaf miner 1990- Discovery of Mycoleptodiscus fungus 1991- Release of Bagous stem Weevil 1992- Discovery of Cricotopus midge in FL 2000- Discovery of fluridone resistance
Hydrilla amp BioControl in Florida
Augmentative BioControl
bull Release of Large Numbers of a Biological Control Agent to Achieve a Rapid Effect
bull There is No Expectation the Biological Control Agent will Establish a Permanent (= Reproducing) Population
Augmentative Hydrilla BioControl
GRASS CARP
bull Sterile (Triploid) Grass Carp Used to Manage Hydrilla
bull BUT- They Are Not Selective Feeders
bull Can Only be Used in Closed Water Bodies
UF
Hydrilla Bioherbicide
Mycoleptodiscus terrestris (Native Fungal Pathogen)
Fortuitous (Adventive) BioControl
bull Regulation of a Weed Population by a Natural Enemy that Has Arrived from Elsewhere Without Deliberate Introduction
bull No Active Human Involvement
Fortuitous Hydrilla BioControl
bull Adventive sp from Asia bull Collected in 1976
Ft Lauderdale Area bull Hydrilla- Principle Host
Plant bull Introduced via Aquarium
Trade bull Damage to Hydrilla
Minimal amp Sporadic ndash Poor BioControl Agent copy H Clifford
Parapoynx diminutalis
Importation (Classical) BioControl bull Introduction and Release of Host
Specific Natural Enemies from the Weedrsquos Native Range to Reduce Its Growth Reproduction or Density in the Adventive1 Range
1Arrived into a specified geographical region from
elsewhere by ANY means
Classical Hydrilla BioControl
Hydrilla Tuber Weevil Bagous affinis
Classical Hydrilla BioControl
Hydrilla Stem Borer Bagous hydrillae
Classical Hydrilla BioControl
Hydrilla Leaf Miners Hydrellia spp
Impact of Hydrellia Flies
Photo credit M Grodowitz ERDC Doyle et al (2002)
Factors Impacting Hydrellia
y = -53114x + 23004R2 = 05772
0
400
800
1200
1600
2000
20 25 30 35 40 45
MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE (oC)
DEN
SITY
bull Hydrilla Mat Surface Temperature
Factors Impacting Hydrellia bull Predation by Damselfly amp Dragonfly Naiads
0200400600800
10001200140016001800
6-Jul-
95
4-Aug-9
5
13-S
ep-95
12-O
ct-95
9-Nov
-95
13-D
ec-95
29-Ja
n-96
28-Feb
-96
27-M
ar-96
29-A
pr-96
29-M
ay-96
25-Ju
n-96
24-Ju
l-96
27-A
ug-96
25-S
ep-96
22-O
ct-96
25-N
ov-96
28-Ja
n-97
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
HP LARVAE
DRAGONFLY NAIADS
UK
HYD
REL
LIA
DEN
SITY
(no
m
2 ) D
RAG
ON
FLY DEN
SITY (no m2)
Factors Impacting Hydrellia
bull Parasitism ndash Significant ndash Upwards of 30
bull Late in growing season
ndash Pupal parasitoid behavior
bull Selects wide range bull Stage chosen = most successful
TRICHOPRIA WASP
Photo credit M Grodowitz ERDC
bull Midge Discovered in Crystal River 1992
bull Identified Dec 1998 ndash Collected in 1959
Natchitoches LA ndash Described 1964 ndash Hydrilla in Louisiana ndash Natchitoches1973
bull Immigrant or Native Species
Male
Fortuitous Hydrilla BioControl Cricotopus lebetis Sublette
Outline bull Current Activities Hydrilla BioControl
Hydrillarsquos Impact on Wildlife Algae-Harboring Hydrilla
Causing Bald Eagle Deaths in the Southeast
httpanimaldiscoverycomguideswild-birdsa-camerican-coothtml
httpihuntcomgamewaterfowlring-necked-duck
httpapms-blogblogspotcom201203state-budget-has-hydrilla-moneyhtml
THURSDAY MARCH 29 2012 State budget has hydrilla money Source ithacajournalcom (New York) Date Published 03292012 The new state budget includes $800000 to help local efforts to stop the invasive aquatic plant hydrilla which was found last year in Cayuga Inlet Ithaca-area state senators announced Wednesday
httpapms-blogblogspotcom201203state-budget-has-hydrilla-moneyhtml
Hydrilla Discovered in NY
cpDNA haplotypes
China F
China G
China H
Japan
Indonesia
Taiwan
12
19
1 China E 6
5
3
4
2
7
10 19
China A
China C
Korea NE USA
Australia New Zealand
11
1
11
1 China B
India
China J China I Poland
China D
Florida Texas California Louisiana
Africa India Panama Pakistan
22
11
Hydrilla Genetic Studies
Williams et al unpubl
ldquoIdealrdquo Hydrilla BioControl Agent bull Narrow Host Range (=Safety)- Specialists bull Damages Vital Plant Tissues (=Individual Effect) bull Reproductively Prolific (=Population Effect) bull Entire Life Cycle on Submersed Hydrilla bull Amenable to Local Conditions (=Climate Match
amp Habitat Conditions) bull Thrives on Local Hydrilla (Biotype Match) bull Protected from Predators (=Endophagous)
Source TD Center USDA-ARS
The Hydrilla Miner
bull Tip- mining Midge - Larvae Feed on Living
Plant Tissue - Rare Occurrence
bull Prevents ldquotopping outrdquo bull Naturalized in Florida
- No Swarms - Low Dispersal Distance - Easily Mass Reared
Female
Larva
Life Cycle of Hydrilla Miner
Female
Larva
Pupa
Egg
Cuda et al (1999 2002)
Hydrilla Miner Host Preference
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Hydrilla verticillata
(monoecious)
Elodea canadensis
Najas guadalupensis
Egeria densa Hydrilla verticillata
Chara vulgaris Potamogeton illinoensis
Ceratophyllum demersum
Vallisneria americana
Sagittaria kurziana
Eleocharis baldwinii
Utricularia macrorhiza
S
urvi
val
d d
d
cd
cd
bcd
b
ab
ab a a
Hydrilla Miner Host Preference
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Hydrilla verticillata
(monoecious)
Elodea canadensis
Najas guadalupensis
Egeria densa Hydrilla verticillata
Chara vulgaris Potamogeton illinoensis
Ceratophyllum demersum
Vallisneria americana
Sagittaria kurziana
Eleocharis baldwinii
Utricularia macrorhiza
S
urvi
val
d d
d
cd
cd
bcd
b
ab
ab a a
Grass Carp Preference bull Hydrilla bull Musk-grass bull Southern Naiad bull Brazilian elodea
Larva and Associated Tip Damage
Credit D Denson RCID
Block 1 Control Block 1 Midge
Lake Rowell Bradford Co September 2010
Changing Hydrillarsquos Architecture
Imazamox
Cl Miner
Mt Fungus
Management Goals bull Integrate Insect Fungus amp Herbicide = IPM bull Eliminate Adverse Effects of Surface Mats bull Reduce Reliance on Herbicides bull Create More Favorable Habitat
httpentomologyifasufleduhydrillaindexshtml
Hydrilla IPM Project
Outline bull Historical Perspective bull Current Activities bull Questions Comments
- BioControl of Waterhyacinth and Hydrilla
- Acknowledgements
- Outline
- Outline
- Waterhyacinth Worldwide Distribution
- Waterhyacinth amp BioControl in FL
- Waterhyacinth Mite amp Moth
- Waterhyacinth Weevils
- S Florida Canal- 1980s
- S Florida Canal- 1980s
- Water Hyacinath FungusCercospora piaropi
- Integrating Weevils amp Fungus
- Outline
- Waterhyacinth- New Agent
- Slide Number 15
- Slide Number 16
- Outline
- Worldwide Distribution of Hydrilla
- Hydrilla amp BioControl in Florida
- Augmentative BioControl
- Slide Number 21
- Slide Number 22
- Fortuitous (Adventive) BioControl
- Fortuitous Hydrilla BioControl
- Importation (Classical) BioControl
- Classical Hydrilla BioControl
- Classical Hydrilla BioControl
- Classical Hydrilla BioControl
- Impact of Hydrellia Flies
- Slide Number 30
- Slide Number 31
- Factors Impacting Hydrellia
- Fortuitous Hydrilla BioControl Cricotopus lebetis Sublette
- Outline
- Hydrillarsquos Impact on Wildlife
- Hydrilla Discovered in NY
- Slide Number 37
- ldquoIdealrdquo Hydrilla BioControl Agent
- The Hydrilla Miner
- Life Cycle of Hydrilla Miner
- Hydrilla Miner Host Preference
- Hydrilla Miner Host Preference
- Slide Number 43
- Slide Number 44
- Slide Number 45
- Slide Number 46
- Management Goals
- Hydrilla IPM Project
- Outline
-
Outline bull Current Activities Waterhyacinth BioControl
Waterhyacinth- New Agent Megamalus scutellaris
(Hem Delphacidae)
Photo credit P Tipping USDA
Feeding Damage
Photo credit P Tipping USDA
No Biocontrol
Biocontrol
Status of Biological Suppression of Waterhyacinth in Florida bull Biomass suppression 41-68 (4-15 TA) bull Seed suppression 157 K m-2 bull Degree of suppression dependent on abiotic and biotic factors bull Coverage still high despite suppression only reduced under lower nutrient conditions
Photo credit P Tipping USDA
Outline bull Historical Perspective Hydrilla BioControl
Worldwide Distribution of Hydrilla
httpwwwdiscoverlifeorgmp20mkind=Hydrilla+verticillataampguide=Aquatic_Invasives
bull Important Milestones 1950s- Hydrilla introduced into Florida 1968- Correctly IDrsquod herbicides ineffective 1970s- Rapid spread throughout Florida 1972- Release of grass carp in FL 1976- Discovery of adventive Parapoynx moth 1987- Release of Bagous tuber weevil 1987- Release of first Hydrellia leaf miner 1989- Release of 2nd Hydrellia leaf miner 1990- Discovery of Mycoleptodiscus fungus 1991- Release of Bagous stem Weevil 1992- Discovery of Cricotopus midge in FL 2000- Discovery of fluridone resistance
Hydrilla amp BioControl in Florida
Augmentative BioControl
bull Release of Large Numbers of a Biological Control Agent to Achieve a Rapid Effect
bull There is No Expectation the Biological Control Agent will Establish a Permanent (= Reproducing) Population
Augmentative Hydrilla BioControl
GRASS CARP
bull Sterile (Triploid) Grass Carp Used to Manage Hydrilla
bull BUT- They Are Not Selective Feeders
bull Can Only be Used in Closed Water Bodies
UF
Hydrilla Bioherbicide
Mycoleptodiscus terrestris (Native Fungal Pathogen)
Fortuitous (Adventive) BioControl
bull Regulation of a Weed Population by a Natural Enemy that Has Arrived from Elsewhere Without Deliberate Introduction
bull No Active Human Involvement
Fortuitous Hydrilla BioControl
bull Adventive sp from Asia bull Collected in 1976
Ft Lauderdale Area bull Hydrilla- Principle Host
Plant bull Introduced via Aquarium
Trade bull Damage to Hydrilla
Minimal amp Sporadic ndash Poor BioControl Agent copy H Clifford
Parapoynx diminutalis
Importation (Classical) BioControl bull Introduction and Release of Host
Specific Natural Enemies from the Weedrsquos Native Range to Reduce Its Growth Reproduction or Density in the Adventive1 Range
1Arrived into a specified geographical region from
elsewhere by ANY means
Classical Hydrilla BioControl
Hydrilla Tuber Weevil Bagous affinis
Classical Hydrilla BioControl
Hydrilla Stem Borer Bagous hydrillae
Classical Hydrilla BioControl
Hydrilla Leaf Miners Hydrellia spp
Impact of Hydrellia Flies
Photo credit M Grodowitz ERDC Doyle et al (2002)
Factors Impacting Hydrellia
y = -53114x + 23004R2 = 05772
0
400
800
1200
1600
2000
20 25 30 35 40 45
MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE (oC)
DEN
SITY
bull Hydrilla Mat Surface Temperature
Factors Impacting Hydrellia bull Predation by Damselfly amp Dragonfly Naiads
0200400600800
10001200140016001800
6-Jul-
95
4-Aug-9
5
13-S
ep-95
12-O
ct-95
9-Nov
-95
13-D
ec-95
29-Ja
n-96
28-Feb
-96
27-M
ar-96
29-A
pr-96
29-M
ay-96
25-Ju
n-96
24-Ju
l-96
27-A
ug-96
25-S
ep-96
22-O
ct-96
25-N
ov-96
28-Ja
n-97
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
HP LARVAE
DRAGONFLY NAIADS
UK
HYD
REL
LIA
DEN
SITY
(no
m
2 ) D
RAG
ON
FLY DEN
SITY (no m2)
Factors Impacting Hydrellia
bull Parasitism ndash Significant ndash Upwards of 30
bull Late in growing season
ndash Pupal parasitoid behavior
bull Selects wide range bull Stage chosen = most successful
TRICHOPRIA WASP
Photo credit M Grodowitz ERDC
bull Midge Discovered in Crystal River 1992
bull Identified Dec 1998 ndash Collected in 1959
Natchitoches LA ndash Described 1964 ndash Hydrilla in Louisiana ndash Natchitoches1973
bull Immigrant or Native Species
Male
Fortuitous Hydrilla BioControl Cricotopus lebetis Sublette
Outline bull Current Activities Hydrilla BioControl
Hydrillarsquos Impact on Wildlife Algae-Harboring Hydrilla
Causing Bald Eagle Deaths in the Southeast
httpanimaldiscoverycomguideswild-birdsa-camerican-coothtml
httpihuntcomgamewaterfowlring-necked-duck
httpapms-blogblogspotcom201203state-budget-has-hydrilla-moneyhtml
THURSDAY MARCH 29 2012 State budget has hydrilla money Source ithacajournalcom (New York) Date Published 03292012 The new state budget includes $800000 to help local efforts to stop the invasive aquatic plant hydrilla which was found last year in Cayuga Inlet Ithaca-area state senators announced Wednesday
httpapms-blogblogspotcom201203state-budget-has-hydrilla-moneyhtml
Hydrilla Discovered in NY
cpDNA haplotypes
China F
China G
China H
Japan
Indonesia
Taiwan
12
19
1 China E 6
5
3
4
2
7
10 19
China A
China C
Korea NE USA
Australia New Zealand
11
1
11
1 China B
India
China J China I Poland
China D
Florida Texas California Louisiana
Africa India Panama Pakistan
22
11
Hydrilla Genetic Studies
Williams et al unpubl
ldquoIdealrdquo Hydrilla BioControl Agent bull Narrow Host Range (=Safety)- Specialists bull Damages Vital Plant Tissues (=Individual Effect) bull Reproductively Prolific (=Population Effect) bull Entire Life Cycle on Submersed Hydrilla bull Amenable to Local Conditions (=Climate Match
amp Habitat Conditions) bull Thrives on Local Hydrilla (Biotype Match) bull Protected from Predators (=Endophagous)
Source TD Center USDA-ARS
The Hydrilla Miner
bull Tip- mining Midge - Larvae Feed on Living
Plant Tissue - Rare Occurrence
bull Prevents ldquotopping outrdquo bull Naturalized in Florida
- No Swarms - Low Dispersal Distance - Easily Mass Reared
Female
Larva
Life Cycle of Hydrilla Miner
Female
Larva
Pupa
Egg
Cuda et al (1999 2002)
Hydrilla Miner Host Preference
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Hydrilla verticillata
(monoecious)
Elodea canadensis
Najas guadalupensis
Egeria densa Hydrilla verticillata
Chara vulgaris Potamogeton illinoensis
Ceratophyllum demersum
Vallisneria americana
Sagittaria kurziana
Eleocharis baldwinii
Utricularia macrorhiza
S
urvi
val
d d
d
cd
cd
bcd
b
ab
ab a a
Hydrilla Miner Host Preference
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Hydrilla verticillata
(monoecious)
Elodea canadensis
Najas guadalupensis
Egeria densa Hydrilla verticillata
Chara vulgaris Potamogeton illinoensis
Ceratophyllum demersum
Vallisneria americana
Sagittaria kurziana
Eleocharis baldwinii
Utricularia macrorhiza
S
urvi
val
d d
d
cd
cd
bcd
b
ab
ab a a
Grass Carp Preference bull Hydrilla bull Musk-grass bull Southern Naiad bull Brazilian elodea
Larva and Associated Tip Damage
Credit D Denson RCID
Block 1 Control Block 1 Midge
Lake Rowell Bradford Co September 2010
Changing Hydrillarsquos Architecture
Imazamox
Cl Miner
Mt Fungus
Management Goals bull Integrate Insect Fungus amp Herbicide = IPM bull Eliminate Adverse Effects of Surface Mats bull Reduce Reliance on Herbicides bull Create More Favorable Habitat
httpentomologyifasufleduhydrillaindexshtml
Hydrilla IPM Project
Outline bull Historical Perspective bull Current Activities bull Questions Comments
- BioControl of Waterhyacinth and Hydrilla
- Acknowledgements
- Outline
- Outline
- Waterhyacinth Worldwide Distribution
- Waterhyacinth amp BioControl in FL
- Waterhyacinth Mite amp Moth
- Waterhyacinth Weevils
- S Florida Canal- 1980s
- S Florida Canal- 1980s
- Water Hyacinath FungusCercospora piaropi
- Integrating Weevils amp Fungus
- Outline
- Waterhyacinth- New Agent
- Slide Number 15
- Slide Number 16
- Outline
- Worldwide Distribution of Hydrilla
- Hydrilla amp BioControl in Florida
- Augmentative BioControl
- Slide Number 21
- Slide Number 22
- Fortuitous (Adventive) BioControl
- Fortuitous Hydrilla BioControl
- Importation (Classical) BioControl
- Classical Hydrilla BioControl
- Classical Hydrilla BioControl
- Classical Hydrilla BioControl
- Impact of Hydrellia Flies
- Slide Number 30
- Slide Number 31
- Factors Impacting Hydrellia
- Fortuitous Hydrilla BioControl Cricotopus lebetis Sublette
- Outline
- Hydrillarsquos Impact on Wildlife
- Hydrilla Discovered in NY
- Slide Number 37
- ldquoIdealrdquo Hydrilla BioControl Agent
- The Hydrilla Miner
- Life Cycle of Hydrilla Miner
- Hydrilla Miner Host Preference
- Hydrilla Miner Host Preference
- Slide Number 43
- Slide Number 44
- Slide Number 45
- Slide Number 46
- Management Goals
- Hydrilla IPM Project
- Outline
-
Waterhyacinth- New Agent Megamalus scutellaris
(Hem Delphacidae)
Photo credit P Tipping USDA
Feeding Damage
Photo credit P Tipping USDA
No Biocontrol
Biocontrol
Status of Biological Suppression of Waterhyacinth in Florida bull Biomass suppression 41-68 (4-15 TA) bull Seed suppression 157 K m-2 bull Degree of suppression dependent on abiotic and biotic factors bull Coverage still high despite suppression only reduced under lower nutrient conditions
Photo credit P Tipping USDA
Outline bull Historical Perspective Hydrilla BioControl
Worldwide Distribution of Hydrilla
httpwwwdiscoverlifeorgmp20mkind=Hydrilla+verticillataampguide=Aquatic_Invasives
bull Important Milestones 1950s- Hydrilla introduced into Florida 1968- Correctly IDrsquod herbicides ineffective 1970s- Rapid spread throughout Florida 1972- Release of grass carp in FL 1976- Discovery of adventive Parapoynx moth 1987- Release of Bagous tuber weevil 1987- Release of first Hydrellia leaf miner 1989- Release of 2nd Hydrellia leaf miner 1990- Discovery of Mycoleptodiscus fungus 1991- Release of Bagous stem Weevil 1992- Discovery of Cricotopus midge in FL 2000- Discovery of fluridone resistance
Hydrilla amp BioControl in Florida
Augmentative BioControl
bull Release of Large Numbers of a Biological Control Agent to Achieve a Rapid Effect
bull There is No Expectation the Biological Control Agent will Establish a Permanent (= Reproducing) Population
Augmentative Hydrilla BioControl
GRASS CARP
bull Sterile (Triploid) Grass Carp Used to Manage Hydrilla
bull BUT- They Are Not Selective Feeders
bull Can Only be Used in Closed Water Bodies
UF
Hydrilla Bioherbicide
Mycoleptodiscus terrestris (Native Fungal Pathogen)
Fortuitous (Adventive) BioControl
bull Regulation of a Weed Population by a Natural Enemy that Has Arrived from Elsewhere Without Deliberate Introduction
bull No Active Human Involvement
Fortuitous Hydrilla BioControl
bull Adventive sp from Asia bull Collected in 1976
Ft Lauderdale Area bull Hydrilla- Principle Host
Plant bull Introduced via Aquarium
Trade bull Damage to Hydrilla
Minimal amp Sporadic ndash Poor BioControl Agent copy H Clifford
Parapoynx diminutalis
Importation (Classical) BioControl bull Introduction and Release of Host
Specific Natural Enemies from the Weedrsquos Native Range to Reduce Its Growth Reproduction or Density in the Adventive1 Range
1Arrived into a specified geographical region from
elsewhere by ANY means
Classical Hydrilla BioControl
Hydrilla Tuber Weevil Bagous affinis
Classical Hydrilla BioControl
Hydrilla Stem Borer Bagous hydrillae
Classical Hydrilla BioControl
Hydrilla Leaf Miners Hydrellia spp
Impact of Hydrellia Flies
Photo credit M Grodowitz ERDC Doyle et al (2002)
Factors Impacting Hydrellia
y = -53114x + 23004R2 = 05772
0
400
800
1200
1600
2000
20 25 30 35 40 45
MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE (oC)
DEN
SITY
bull Hydrilla Mat Surface Temperature
Factors Impacting Hydrellia bull Predation by Damselfly amp Dragonfly Naiads
0200400600800
10001200140016001800
6-Jul-
95
4-Aug-9
5
13-S
ep-95
12-O
ct-95
9-Nov
-95
13-D
ec-95
29-Ja
n-96
28-Feb
-96
27-M
ar-96
29-A
pr-96
29-M
ay-96
25-Ju
n-96
24-Ju
l-96
27-A
ug-96
25-S
ep-96
22-O
ct-96
25-N
ov-96
28-Ja
n-97
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
HP LARVAE
DRAGONFLY NAIADS
UK
HYD
REL
LIA
DEN
SITY
(no
m
2 ) D
RAG
ON
FLY DEN
SITY (no m2)
Factors Impacting Hydrellia
bull Parasitism ndash Significant ndash Upwards of 30
bull Late in growing season
ndash Pupal parasitoid behavior
bull Selects wide range bull Stage chosen = most successful
TRICHOPRIA WASP
Photo credit M Grodowitz ERDC
bull Midge Discovered in Crystal River 1992
bull Identified Dec 1998 ndash Collected in 1959
Natchitoches LA ndash Described 1964 ndash Hydrilla in Louisiana ndash Natchitoches1973
bull Immigrant or Native Species
Male
Fortuitous Hydrilla BioControl Cricotopus lebetis Sublette
Outline bull Current Activities Hydrilla BioControl
Hydrillarsquos Impact on Wildlife Algae-Harboring Hydrilla
Causing Bald Eagle Deaths in the Southeast
httpanimaldiscoverycomguideswild-birdsa-camerican-coothtml
httpihuntcomgamewaterfowlring-necked-duck
httpapms-blogblogspotcom201203state-budget-has-hydrilla-moneyhtml
THURSDAY MARCH 29 2012 State budget has hydrilla money Source ithacajournalcom (New York) Date Published 03292012 The new state budget includes $800000 to help local efforts to stop the invasive aquatic plant hydrilla which was found last year in Cayuga Inlet Ithaca-area state senators announced Wednesday
httpapms-blogblogspotcom201203state-budget-has-hydrilla-moneyhtml
Hydrilla Discovered in NY
cpDNA haplotypes
China F
China G
China H
Japan
Indonesia
Taiwan
12
19
1 China E 6
5
3
4
2
7
10 19
China A
China C
Korea NE USA
Australia New Zealand
11
1
11
1 China B
India
China J China I Poland
China D
Florida Texas California Louisiana
Africa India Panama Pakistan
22
11
Hydrilla Genetic Studies
Williams et al unpubl
ldquoIdealrdquo Hydrilla BioControl Agent bull Narrow Host Range (=Safety)- Specialists bull Damages Vital Plant Tissues (=Individual Effect) bull Reproductively Prolific (=Population Effect) bull Entire Life Cycle on Submersed Hydrilla bull Amenable to Local Conditions (=Climate Match
amp Habitat Conditions) bull Thrives on Local Hydrilla (Biotype Match) bull Protected from Predators (=Endophagous)
Source TD Center USDA-ARS
The Hydrilla Miner
bull Tip- mining Midge - Larvae Feed on Living
Plant Tissue - Rare Occurrence
bull Prevents ldquotopping outrdquo bull Naturalized in Florida
- No Swarms - Low Dispersal Distance - Easily Mass Reared
Female
Larva
Life Cycle of Hydrilla Miner
Female
Larva
Pupa
Egg
Cuda et al (1999 2002)
Hydrilla Miner Host Preference
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Hydrilla verticillata
(monoecious)
Elodea canadensis
Najas guadalupensis
Egeria densa Hydrilla verticillata
Chara vulgaris Potamogeton illinoensis
Ceratophyllum demersum
Vallisneria americana
Sagittaria kurziana
Eleocharis baldwinii
Utricularia macrorhiza
S
urvi
val
d d
d
cd
cd
bcd
b
ab
ab a a
Hydrilla Miner Host Preference
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Hydrilla verticillata
(monoecious)
Elodea canadensis
Najas guadalupensis
Egeria densa Hydrilla verticillata
Chara vulgaris Potamogeton illinoensis
Ceratophyllum demersum
Vallisneria americana
Sagittaria kurziana
Eleocharis baldwinii
Utricularia macrorhiza
S
urvi
val
d d
d
cd
cd
bcd
b
ab
ab a a
Grass Carp Preference bull Hydrilla bull Musk-grass bull Southern Naiad bull Brazilian elodea
Larva and Associated Tip Damage
Credit D Denson RCID
Block 1 Control Block 1 Midge
Lake Rowell Bradford Co September 2010
Changing Hydrillarsquos Architecture
Imazamox
Cl Miner
Mt Fungus
Management Goals bull Integrate Insect Fungus amp Herbicide = IPM bull Eliminate Adverse Effects of Surface Mats bull Reduce Reliance on Herbicides bull Create More Favorable Habitat
httpentomologyifasufleduhydrillaindexshtml
Hydrilla IPM Project
Outline bull Historical Perspective bull Current Activities bull Questions Comments
- BioControl of Waterhyacinth and Hydrilla
- Acknowledgements
- Outline
- Outline
- Waterhyacinth Worldwide Distribution
- Waterhyacinth amp BioControl in FL
- Waterhyacinth Mite amp Moth
- Waterhyacinth Weevils
- S Florida Canal- 1980s
- S Florida Canal- 1980s
- Water Hyacinath FungusCercospora piaropi
- Integrating Weevils amp Fungus
- Outline
- Waterhyacinth- New Agent
- Slide Number 15
- Slide Number 16
- Outline
- Worldwide Distribution of Hydrilla
- Hydrilla amp BioControl in Florida
- Augmentative BioControl
- Slide Number 21
- Slide Number 22
- Fortuitous (Adventive) BioControl
- Fortuitous Hydrilla BioControl
- Importation (Classical) BioControl
- Classical Hydrilla BioControl
- Classical Hydrilla BioControl
- Classical Hydrilla BioControl
- Impact of Hydrellia Flies
- Slide Number 30
- Slide Number 31
- Factors Impacting Hydrellia
- Fortuitous Hydrilla BioControl Cricotopus lebetis Sublette
- Outline
- Hydrillarsquos Impact on Wildlife
- Hydrilla Discovered in NY
- Slide Number 37
- ldquoIdealrdquo Hydrilla BioControl Agent
- The Hydrilla Miner
- Life Cycle of Hydrilla Miner
- Hydrilla Miner Host Preference
- Hydrilla Miner Host Preference
- Slide Number 43
- Slide Number 44
- Slide Number 45
- Slide Number 46
- Management Goals
- Hydrilla IPM Project
- Outline
-
Feeding Damage
Photo credit P Tipping USDA
No Biocontrol
Biocontrol
Status of Biological Suppression of Waterhyacinth in Florida bull Biomass suppression 41-68 (4-15 TA) bull Seed suppression 157 K m-2 bull Degree of suppression dependent on abiotic and biotic factors bull Coverage still high despite suppression only reduced under lower nutrient conditions
Photo credit P Tipping USDA
Outline bull Historical Perspective Hydrilla BioControl
Worldwide Distribution of Hydrilla
httpwwwdiscoverlifeorgmp20mkind=Hydrilla+verticillataampguide=Aquatic_Invasives
bull Important Milestones 1950s- Hydrilla introduced into Florida 1968- Correctly IDrsquod herbicides ineffective 1970s- Rapid spread throughout Florida 1972- Release of grass carp in FL 1976- Discovery of adventive Parapoynx moth 1987- Release of Bagous tuber weevil 1987- Release of first Hydrellia leaf miner 1989- Release of 2nd Hydrellia leaf miner 1990- Discovery of Mycoleptodiscus fungus 1991- Release of Bagous stem Weevil 1992- Discovery of Cricotopus midge in FL 2000- Discovery of fluridone resistance
Hydrilla amp BioControl in Florida
Augmentative BioControl
bull Release of Large Numbers of a Biological Control Agent to Achieve a Rapid Effect
bull There is No Expectation the Biological Control Agent will Establish a Permanent (= Reproducing) Population
Augmentative Hydrilla BioControl
GRASS CARP
bull Sterile (Triploid) Grass Carp Used to Manage Hydrilla
bull BUT- They Are Not Selective Feeders
bull Can Only be Used in Closed Water Bodies
UF
Hydrilla Bioherbicide
Mycoleptodiscus terrestris (Native Fungal Pathogen)
Fortuitous (Adventive) BioControl
bull Regulation of a Weed Population by a Natural Enemy that Has Arrived from Elsewhere Without Deliberate Introduction
bull No Active Human Involvement
Fortuitous Hydrilla BioControl
bull Adventive sp from Asia bull Collected in 1976
Ft Lauderdale Area bull Hydrilla- Principle Host
Plant bull Introduced via Aquarium
Trade bull Damage to Hydrilla
Minimal amp Sporadic ndash Poor BioControl Agent copy H Clifford
Parapoynx diminutalis
Importation (Classical) BioControl bull Introduction and Release of Host
Specific Natural Enemies from the Weedrsquos Native Range to Reduce Its Growth Reproduction or Density in the Adventive1 Range
1Arrived into a specified geographical region from
elsewhere by ANY means
Classical Hydrilla BioControl
Hydrilla Tuber Weevil Bagous affinis
Classical Hydrilla BioControl
Hydrilla Stem Borer Bagous hydrillae
Classical Hydrilla BioControl
Hydrilla Leaf Miners Hydrellia spp
Impact of Hydrellia Flies
Photo credit M Grodowitz ERDC Doyle et al (2002)
Factors Impacting Hydrellia
y = -53114x + 23004R2 = 05772
0
400
800
1200
1600
2000
20 25 30 35 40 45
MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE (oC)
DEN
SITY
bull Hydrilla Mat Surface Temperature
Factors Impacting Hydrellia bull Predation by Damselfly amp Dragonfly Naiads
0200400600800
10001200140016001800
6-Jul-
95
4-Aug-9
5
13-S
ep-95
12-O
ct-95
9-Nov
-95
13-D
ec-95
29-Ja
n-96
28-Feb
-96
27-M
ar-96
29-A
pr-96
29-M
ay-96
25-Ju
n-96
24-Ju
l-96
27-A
ug-96
25-S
ep-96
22-O
ct-96
25-N
ov-96
28-Ja
n-97
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
HP LARVAE
DRAGONFLY NAIADS
UK
HYD
REL
LIA
DEN
SITY
(no
m
2 ) D
RAG
ON
FLY DEN
SITY (no m2)
Factors Impacting Hydrellia
bull Parasitism ndash Significant ndash Upwards of 30
bull Late in growing season
ndash Pupal parasitoid behavior
bull Selects wide range bull Stage chosen = most successful
TRICHOPRIA WASP
Photo credit M Grodowitz ERDC
bull Midge Discovered in Crystal River 1992
bull Identified Dec 1998 ndash Collected in 1959
Natchitoches LA ndash Described 1964 ndash Hydrilla in Louisiana ndash Natchitoches1973
bull Immigrant or Native Species
Male
Fortuitous Hydrilla BioControl Cricotopus lebetis Sublette
Outline bull Current Activities Hydrilla BioControl
Hydrillarsquos Impact on Wildlife Algae-Harboring Hydrilla
Causing Bald Eagle Deaths in the Southeast
httpanimaldiscoverycomguideswild-birdsa-camerican-coothtml
httpihuntcomgamewaterfowlring-necked-duck
httpapms-blogblogspotcom201203state-budget-has-hydrilla-moneyhtml
THURSDAY MARCH 29 2012 State budget has hydrilla money Source ithacajournalcom (New York) Date Published 03292012 The new state budget includes $800000 to help local efforts to stop the invasive aquatic plant hydrilla which was found last year in Cayuga Inlet Ithaca-area state senators announced Wednesday
httpapms-blogblogspotcom201203state-budget-has-hydrilla-moneyhtml
Hydrilla Discovered in NY
cpDNA haplotypes
China F
China G
China H
Japan
Indonesia
Taiwan
12
19
1 China E 6
5
3
4
2
7
10 19
China A
China C
Korea NE USA
Australia New Zealand
11
1
11
1 China B
India
China J China I Poland
China D
Florida Texas California Louisiana
Africa India Panama Pakistan
22
11
Hydrilla Genetic Studies
Williams et al unpubl
ldquoIdealrdquo Hydrilla BioControl Agent bull Narrow Host Range (=Safety)- Specialists bull Damages Vital Plant Tissues (=Individual Effect) bull Reproductively Prolific (=Population Effect) bull Entire Life Cycle on Submersed Hydrilla bull Amenable to Local Conditions (=Climate Match
amp Habitat Conditions) bull Thrives on Local Hydrilla (Biotype Match) bull Protected from Predators (=Endophagous)
Source TD Center USDA-ARS
The Hydrilla Miner
bull Tip- mining Midge - Larvae Feed on Living
Plant Tissue - Rare Occurrence
bull Prevents ldquotopping outrdquo bull Naturalized in Florida
- No Swarms - Low Dispersal Distance - Easily Mass Reared
Female
Larva
Life Cycle of Hydrilla Miner
Female
Larva
Pupa
Egg
Cuda et al (1999 2002)
Hydrilla Miner Host Preference
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Hydrilla verticillata
(monoecious)
Elodea canadensis
Najas guadalupensis
Egeria densa Hydrilla verticillata
Chara vulgaris Potamogeton illinoensis
Ceratophyllum demersum
Vallisneria americana
Sagittaria kurziana
Eleocharis baldwinii
Utricularia macrorhiza
S
urvi
val
d d
d
cd
cd
bcd
b
ab
ab a a
Hydrilla Miner Host Preference
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Hydrilla verticillata
(monoecious)
Elodea canadensis
Najas guadalupensis
Egeria densa Hydrilla verticillata
Chara vulgaris Potamogeton illinoensis
Ceratophyllum demersum
Vallisneria americana
Sagittaria kurziana
Eleocharis baldwinii
Utricularia macrorhiza
S
urvi
val
d d
d
cd
cd
bcd
b
ab
ab a a
Grass Carp Preference bull Hydrilla bull Musk-grass bull Southern Naiad bull Brazilian elodea
Larva and Associated Tip Damage
Credit D Denson RCID
Block 1 Control Block 1 Midge
Lake Rowell Bradford Co September 2010
Changing Hydrillarsquos Architecture
Imazamox
Cl Miner
Mt Fungus
Management Goals bull Integrate Insect Fungus amp Herbicide = IPM bull Eliminate Adverse Effects of Surface Mats bull Reduce Reliance on Herbicides bull Create More Favorable Habitat
httpentomologyifasufleduhydrillaindexshtml
Hydrilla IPM Project
Outline bull Historical Perspective bull Current Activities bull Questions Comments
- BioControl of Waterhyacinth and Hydrilla
- Acknowledgements
- Outline
- Outline
- Waterhyacinth Worldwide Distribution
- Waterhyacinth amp BioControl in FL
- Waterhyacinth Mite amp Moth
- Waterhyacinth Weevils
- S Florida Canal- 1980s
- S Florida Canal- 1980s
- Water Hyacinath FungusCercospora piaropi
- Integrating Weevils amp Fungus
- Outline
- Waterhyacinth- New Agent
- Slide Number 15
- Slide Number 16
- Outline
- Worldwide Distribution of Hydrilla
- Hydrilla amp BioControl in Florida
- Augmentative BioControl
- Slide Number 21
- Slide Number 22
- Fortuitous (Adventive) BioControl
- Fortuitous Hydrilla BioControl
- Importation (Classical) BioControl
- Classical Hydrilla BioControl
- Classical Hydrilla BioControl
- Classical Hydrilla BioControl
- Impact of Hydrellia Flies
- Slide Number 30
- Slide Number 31
- Factors Impacting Hydrellia
- Fortuitous Hydrilla BioControl Cricotopus lebetis Sublette
- Outline
- Hydrillarsquos Impact on Wildlife
- Hydrilla Discovered in NY
- Slide Number 37
- ldquoIdealrdquo Hydrilla BioControl Agent
- The Hydrilla Miner
- Life Cycle of Hydrilla Miner
- Hydrilla Miner Host Preference
- Hydrilla Miner Host Preference
- Slide Number 43
- Slide Number 44
- Slide Number 45
- Slide Number 46
- Management Goals
- Hydrilla IPM Project
- Outline
-
No Biocontrol
Biocontrol
Status of Biological Suppression of Waterhyacinth in Florida bull Biomass suppression 41-68 (4-15 TA) bull Seed suppression 157 K m-2 bull Degree of suppression dependent on abiotic and biotic factors bull Coverage still high despite suppression only reduced under lower nutrient conditions
Photo credit P Tipping USDA
Outline bull Historical Perspective Hydrilla BioControl
Worldwide Distribution of Hydrilla
httpwwwdiscoverlifeorgmp20mkind=Hydrilla+verticillataampguide=Aquatic_Invasives
bull Important Milestones 1950s- Hydrilla introduced into Florida 1968- Correctly IDrsquod herbicides ineffective 1970s- Rapid spread throughout Florida 1972- Release of grass carp in FL 1976- Discovery of adventive Parapoynx moth 1987- Release of Bagous tuber weevil 1987- Release of first Hydrellia leaf miner 1989- Release of 2nd Hydrellia leaf miner 1990- Discovery of Mycoleptodiscus fungus 1991- Release of Bagous stem Weevil 1992- Discovery of Cricotopus midge in FL 2000- Discovery of fluridone resistance
Hydrilla amp BioControl in Florida
Augmentative BioControl
bull Release of Large Numbers of a Biological Control Agent to Achieve a Rapid Effect
bull There is No Expectation the Biological Control Agent will Establish a Permanent (= Reproducing) Population
Augmentative Hydrilla BioControl
GRASS CARP
bull Sterile (Triploid) Grass Carp Used to Manage Hydrilla
bull BUT- They Are Not Selective Feeders
bull Can Only be Used in Closed Water Bodies
UF
Hydrilla Bioherbicide
Mycoleptodiscus terrestris (Native Fungal Pathogen)
Fortuitous (Adventive) BioControl
bull Regulation of a Weed Population by a Natural Enemy that Has Arrived from Elsewhere Without Deliberate Introduction
bull No Active Human Involvement
Fortuitous Hydrilla BioControl
bull Adventive sp from Asia bull Collected in 1976
Ft Lauderdale Area bull Hydrilla- Principle Host
Plant bull Introduced via Aquarium
Trade bull Damage to Hydrilla
Minimal amp Sporadic ndash Poor BioControl Agent copy H Clifford
Parapoynx diminutalis
Importation (Classical) BioControl bull Introduction and Release of Host
Specific Natural Enemies from the Weedrsquos Native Range to Reduce Its Growth Reproduction or Density in the Adventive1 Range
1Arrived into a specified geographical region from
elsewhere by ANY means
Classical Hydrilla BioControl
Hydrilla Tuber Weevil Bagous affinis
Classical Hydrilla BioControl
Hydrilla Stem Borer Bagous hydrillae
Classical Hydrilla BioControl
Hydrilla Leaf Miners Hydrellia spp
Impact of Hydrellia Flies
Photo credit M Grodowitz ERDC Doyle et al (2002)
Factors Impacting Hydrellia
y = -53114x + 23004R2 = 05772
0
400
800
1200
1600
2000
20 25 30 35 40 45
MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE (oC)
DEN
SITY
bull Hydrilla Mat Surface Temperature
Factors Impacting Hydrellia bull Predation by Damselfly amp Dragonfly Naiads
0200400600800
10001200140016001800
6-Jul-
95
4-Aug-9
5
13-S
ep-95
12-O
ct-95
9-Nov
-95
13-D
ec-95
29-Ja
n-96
28-Feb
-96
27-M
ar-96
29-A
pr-96
29-M
ay-96
25-Ju
n-96
24-Ju
l-96
27-A
ug-96
25-S
ep-96
22-O
ct-96
25-N
ov-96
28-Ja
n-97
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
HP LARVAE
DRAGONFLY NAIADS
UK
HYD
REL
LIA
DEN
SITY
(no
m
2 ) D
RAG
ON
FLY DEN
SITY (no m2)
Factors Impacting Hydrellia
bull Parasitism ndash Significant ndash Upwards of 30
bull Late in growing season
ndash Pupal parasitoid behavior
bull Selects wide range bull Stage chosen = most successful
TRICHOPRIA WASP
Photo credit M Grodowitz ERDC
bull Midge Discovered in Crystal River 1992
bull Identified Dec 1998 ndash Collected in 1959
Natchitoches LA ndash Described 1964 ndash Hydrilla in Louisiana ndash Natchitoches1973
bull Immigrant or Native Species
Male
Fortuitous Hydrilla BioControl Cricotopus lebetis Sublette
Outline bull Current Activities Hydrilla BioControl
Hydrillarsquos Impact on Wildlife Algae-Harboring Hydrilla
Causing Bald Eagle Deaths in the Southeast
httpanimaldiscoverycomguideswild-birdsa-camerican-coothtml
httpihuntcomgamewaterfowlring-necked-duck
httpapms-blogblogspotcom201203state-budget-has-hydrilla-moneyhtml
THURSDAY MARCH 29 2012 State budget has hydrilla money Source ithacajournalcom (New York) Date Published 03292012 The new state budget includes $800000 to help local efforts to stop the invasive aquatic plant hydrilla which was found last year in Cayuga Inlet Ithaca-area state senators announced Wednesday
httpapms-blogblogspotcom201203state-budget-has-hydrilla-moneyhtml
Hydrilla Discovered in NY
cpDNA haplotypes
China F
China G
China H
Japan
Indonesia
Taiwan
12
19
1 China E 6
5
3
4
2
7
10 19
China A
China C
Korea NE USA
Australia New Zealand
11
1
11
1 China B
India
China J China I Poland
China D
Florida Texas California Louisiana
Africa India Panama Pakistan
22
11
Hydrilla Genetic Studies
Williams et al unpubl
ldquoIdealrdquo Hydrilla BioControl Agent bull Narrow Host Range (=Safety)- Specialists bull Damages Vital Plant Tissues (=Individual Effect) bull Reproductively Prolific (=Population Effect) bull Entire Life Cycle on Submersed Hydrilla bull Amenable to Local Conditions (=Climate Match
amp Habitat Conditions) bull Thrives on Local Hydrilla (Biotype Match) bull Protected from Predators (=Endophagous)
Source TD Center USDA-ARS
The Hydrilla Miner
bull Tip- mining Midge - Larvae Feed on Living
Plant Tissue - Rare Occurrence
bull Prevents ldquotopping outrdquo bull Naturalized in Florida
- No Swarms - Low Dispersal Distance - Easily Mass Reared
Female
Larva
Life Cycle of Hydrilla Miner
Female
Larva
Pupa
Egg
Cuda et al (1999 2002)
Hydrilla Miner Host Preference
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Hydrilla verticillata
(monoecious)
Elodea canadensis
Najas guadalupensis
Egeria densa Hydrilla verticillata
Chara vulgaris Potamogeton illinoensis
Ceratophyllum demersum
Vallisneria americana
Sagittaria kurziana
Eleocharis baldwinii
Utricularia macrorhiza
S
urvi
val
d d
d
cd
cd
bcd
b
ab
ab a a
Hydrilla Miner Host Preference
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Hydrilla verticillata
(monoecious)
Elodea canadensis
Najas guadalupensis
Egeria densa Hydrilla verticillata
Chara vulgaris Potamogeton illinoensis
Ceratophyllum demersum
Vallisneria americana
Sagittaria kurziana
Eleocharis baldwinii
Utricularia macrorhiza
S
urvi
val
d d
d
cd
cd
bcd
b
ab
ab a a
Grass Carp Preference bull Hydrilla bull Musk-grass bull Southern Naiad bull Brazilian elodea
Larva and Associated Tip Damage
Credit D Denson RCID
Block 1 Control Block 1 Midge
Lake Rowell Bradford Co September 2010
Changing Hydrillarsquos Architecture
Imazamox
Cl Miner
Mt Fungus
Management Goals bull Integrate Insect Fungus amp Herbicide = IPM bull Eliminate Adverse Effects of Surface Mats bull Reduce Reliance on Herbicides bull Create More Favorable Habitat
httpentomologyifasufleduhydrillaindexshtml
Hydrilla IPM Project
Outline bull Historical Perspective bull Current Activities bull Questions Comments
- BioControl of Waterhyacinth and Hydrilla
- Acknowledgements
- Outline
- Outline
- Waterhyacinth Worldwide Distribution
- Waterhyacinth amp BioControl in FL
- Waterhyacinth Mite amp Moth
- Waterhyacinth Weevils
- S Florida Canal- 1980s
- S Florida Canal- 1980s
- Water Hyacinath FungusCercospora piaropi
- Integrating Weevils amp Fungus
- Outline
- Waterhyacinth- New Agent
- Slide Number 15
- Slide Number 16
- Outline
- Worldwide Distribution of Hydrilla
- Hydrilla amp BioControl in Florida
- Augmentative BioControl
- Slide Number 21
- Slide Number 22
- Fortuitous (Adventive) BioControl
- Fortuitous Hydrilla BioControl
- Importation (Classical) BioControl
- Classical Hydrilla BioControl
- Classical Hydrilla BioControl
- Classical Hydrilla BioControl
- Impact of Hydrellia Flies
- Slide Number 30
- Slide Number 31
- Factors Impacting Hydrellia
- Fortuitous Hydrilla BioControl Cricotopus lebetis Sublette
- Outline
- Hydrillarsquos Impact on Wildlife
- Hydrilla Discovered in NY
- Slide Number 37
- ldquoIdealrdquo Hydrilla BioControl Agent
- The Hydrilla Miner
- Life Cycle of Hydrilla Miner
- Hydrilla Miner Host Preference
- Hydrilla Miner Host Preference
- Slide Number 43
- Slide Number 44
- Slide Number 45
- Slide Number 46
- Management Goals
- Hydrilla IPM Project
- Outline
-
Outline bull Historical Perspective Hydrilla BioControl
Worldwide Distribution of Hydrilla
httpwwwdiscoverlifeorgmp20mkind=Hydrilla+verticillataampguide=Aquatic_Invasives
bull Important Milestones 1950s- Hydrilla introduced into Florida 1968- Correctly IDrsquod herbicides ineffective 1970s- Rapid spread throughout Florida 1972- Release of grass carp in FL 1976- Discovery of adventive Parapoynx moth 1987- Release of Bagous tuber weevil 1987- Release of first Hydrellia leaf miner 1989- Release of 2nd Hydrellia leaf miner 1990- Discovery of Mycoleptodiscus fungus 1991- Release of Bagous stem Weevil 1992- Discovery of Cricotopus midge in FL 2000- Discovery of fluridone resistance
Hydrilla amp BioControl in Florida
Augmentative BioControl
bull Release of Large Numbers of a Biological Control Agent to Achieve a Rapid Effect
bull There is No Expectation the Biological Control Agent will Establish a Permanent (= Reproducing) Population
Augmentative Hydrilla BioControl
GRASS CARP
bull Sterile (Triploid) Grass Carp Used to Manage Hydrilla
bull BUT- They Are Not Selective Feeders
bull Can Only be Used in Closed Water Bodies
UF
Hydrilla Bioherbicide
Mycoleptodiscus terrestris (Native Fungal Pathogen)
Fortuitous (Adventive) BioControl
bull Regulation of a Weed Population by a Natural Enemy that Has Arrived from Elsewhere Without Deliberate Introduction
bull No Active Human Involvement
Fortuitous Hydrilla BioControl
bull Adventive sp from Asia bull Collected in 1976
Ft Lauderdale Area bull Hydrilla- Principle Host
Plant bull Introduced via Aquarium
Trade bull Damage to Hydrilla
Minimal amp Sporadic ndash Poor BioControl Agent copy H Clifford
Parapoynx diminutalis
Importation (Classical) BioControl bull Introduction and Release of Host
Specific Natural Enemies from the Weedrsquos Native Range to Reduce Its Growth Reproduction or Density in the Adventive1 Range
1Arrived into a specified geographical region from
elsewhere by ANY means
Classical Hydrilla BioControl
Hydrilla Tuber Weevil Bagous affinis
Classical Hydrilla BioControl
Hydrilla Stem Borer Bagous hydrillae
Classical Hydrilla BioControl
Hydrilla Leaf Miners Hydrellia spp
Impact of Hydrellia Flies
Photo credit M Grodowitz ERDC Doyle et al (2002)
Factors Impacting Hydrellia
y = -53114x + 23004R2 = 05772
0
400
800
1200
1600
2000
20 25 30 35 40 45
MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE (oC)
DEN
SITY
bull Hydrilla Mat Surface Temperature
Factors Impacting Hydrellia bull Predation by Damselfly amp Dragonfly Naiads
0200400600800
10001200140016001800
6-Jul-
95
4-Aug-9
5
13-S
ep-95
12-O
ct-95
9-Nov
-95
13-D
ec-95
29-Ja
n-96
28-Feb
-96
27-M
ar-96
29-A
pr-96
29-M
ay-96
25-Ju
n-96
24-Ju
l-96
27-A
ug-96
25-S
ep-96
22-O
ct-96
25-N
ov-96
28-Ja
n-97
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
HP LARVAE
DRAGONFLY NAIADS
UK
HYD
REL
LIA
DEN
SITY
(no
m
2 ) D
RAG
ON
FLY DEN
SITY (no m2)
Factors Impacting Hydrellia
bull Parasitism ndash Significant ndash Upwards of 30
bull Late in growing season
ndash Pupal parasitoid behavior
bull Selects wide range bull Stage chosen = most successful
TRICHOPRIA WASP
Photo credit M Grodowitz ERDC
bull Midge Discovered in Crystal River 1992
bull Identified Dec 1998 ndash Collected in 1959
Natchitoches LA ndash Described 1964 ndash Hydrilla in Louisiana ndash Natchitoches1973
bull Immigrant or Native Species
Male
Fortuitous Hydrilla BioControl Cricotopus lebetis Sublette
Outline bull Current Activities Hydrilla BioControl
Hydrillarsquos Impact on Wildlife Algae-Harboring Hydrilla
Causing Bald Eagle Deaths in the Southeast
httpanimaldiscoverycomguideswild-birdsa-camerican-coothtml
httpihuntcomgamewaterfowlring-necked-duck
httpapms-blogblogspotcom201203state-budget-has-hydrilla-moneyhtml
THURSDAY MARCH 29 2012 State budget has hydrilla money Source ithacajournalcom (New York) Date Published 03292012 The new state budget includes $800000 to help local efforts to stop the invasive aquatic plant hydrilla which was found last year in Cayuga Inlet Ithaca-area state senators announced Wednesday
httpapms-blogblogspotcom201203state-budget-has-hydrilla-moneyhtml
Hydrilla Discovered in NY
cpDNA haplotypes
China F
China G
China H
Japan
Indonesia
Taiwan
12
19
1 China E 6
5
3
4
2
7
10 19
China A
China C
Korea NE USA
Australia New Zealand
11
1
11
1 China B
India
China J China I Poland
China D
Florida Texas California Louisiana
Africa India Panama Pakistan
22
11
Hydrilla Genetic Studies
Williams et al unpubl
ldquoIdealrdquo Hydrilla BioControl Agent bull Narrow Host Range (=Safety)- Specialists bull Damages Vital Plant Tissues (=Individual Effect) bull Reproductively Prolific (=Population Effect) bull Entire Life Cycle on Submersed Hydrilla bull Amenable to Local Conditions (=Climate Match
amp Habitat Conditions) bull Thrives on Local Hydrilla (Biotype Match) bull Protected from Predators (=Endophagous)
Source TD Center USDA-ARS
The Hydrilla Miner
bull Tip- mining Midge - Larvae Feed on Living
Plant Tissue - Rare Occurrence
bull Prevents ldquotopping outrdquo bull Naturalized in Florida
- No Swarms - Low Dispersal Distance - Easily Mass Reared
Female
Larva
Life Cycle of Hydrilla Miner
Female
Larva
Pupa
Egg
Cuda et al (1999 2002)
Hydrilla Miner Host Preference
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Hydrilla verticillata
(monoecious)
Elodea canadensis
Najas guadalupensis
Egeria densa Hydrilla verticillata
Chara vulgaris Potamogeton illinoensis
Ceratophyllum demersum
Vallisneria americana
Sagittaria kurziana
Eleocharis baldwinii
Utricularia macrorhiza
S
urvi
val
d d
d
cd
cd
bcd
b
ab
ab a a
Hydrilla Miner Host Preference
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Hydrilla verticillata
(monoecious)
Elodea canadensis
Najas guadalupensis
Egeria densa Hydrilla verticillata
Chara vulgaris Potamogeton illinoensis
Ceratophyllum demersum
Vallisneria americana
Sagittaria kurziana
Eleocharis baldwinii
Utricularia macrorhiza
S
urvi
val
d d
d
cd
cd
bcd
b
ab
ab a a
Grass Carp Preference bull Hydrilla bull Musk-grass bull Southern Naiad bull Brazilian elodea
Larva and Associated Tip Damage
Credit D Denson RCID
Block 1 Control Block 1 Midge
Lake Rowell Bradford Co September 2010
Changing Hydrillarsquos Architecture
Imazamox
Cl Miner
Mt Fungus
Management Goals bull Integrate Insect Fungus amp Herbicide = IPM bull Eliminate Adverse Effects of Surface Mats bull Reduce Reliance on Herbicides bull Create More Favorable Habitat
httpentomologyifasufleduhydrillaindexshtml
Hydrilla IPM Project
Outline bull Historical Perspective bull Current Activities bull Questions Comments
- BioControl of Waterhyacinth and Hydrilla
- Acknowledgements
- Outline
- Outline
- Waterhyacinth Worldwide Distribution
- Waterhyacinth amp BioControl in FL
- Waterhyacinth Mite amp Moth
- Waterhyacinth Weevils
- S Florida Canal- 1980s
- S Florida Canal- 1980s
- Water Hyacinath FungusCercospora piaropi
- Integrating Weevils amp Fungus
- Outline
- Waterhyacinth- New Agent
- Slide Number 15
- Slide Number 16
- Outline
- Worldwide Distribution of Hydrilla
- Hydrilla amp BioControl in Florida
- Augmentative BioControl
- Slide Number 21
- Slide Number 22
- Fortuitous (Adventive) BioControl
- Fortuitous Hydrilla BioControl
- Importation (Classical) BioControl
- Classical Hydrilla BioControl
- Classical Hydrilla BioControl
- Classical Hydrilla BioControl
- Impact of Hydrellia Flies
- Slide Number 30
- Slide Number 31
- Factors Impacting Hydrellia
- Fortuitous Hydrilla BioControl Cricotopus lebetis Sublette
- Outline
- Hydrillarsquos Impact on Wildlife
- Hydrilla Discovered in NY
- Slide Number 37
- ldquoIdealrdquo Hydrilla BioControl Agent
- The Hydrilla Miner
- Life Cycle of Hydrilla Miner
- Hydrilla Miner Host Preference
- Hydrilla Miner Host Preference
- Slide Number 43
- Slide Number 44
- Slide Number 45
- Slide Number 46
- Management Goals
- Hydrilla IPM Project
- Outline
-
Worldwide Distribution of Hydrilla
httpwwwdiscoverlifeorgmp20mkind=Hydrilla+verticillataampguide=Aquatic_Invasives
bull Important Milestones 1950s- Hydrilla introduced into Florida 1968- Correctly IDrsquod herbicides ineffective 1970s- Rapid spread throughout Florida 1972- Release of grass carp in FL 1976- Discovery of adventive Parapoynx moth 1987- Release of Bagous tuber weevil 1987- Release of first Hydrellia leaf miner 1989- Release of 2nd Hydrellia leaf miner 1990- Discovery of Mycoleptodiscus fungus 1991- Release of Bagous stem Weevil 1992- Discovery of Cricotopus midge in FL 2000- Discovery of fluridone resistance
Hydrilla amp BioControl in Florida
Augmentative BioControl
bull Release of Large Numbers of a Biological Control Agent to Achieve a Rapid Effect
bull There is No Expectation the Biological Control Agent will Establish a Permanent (= Reproducing) Population
Augmentative Hydrilla BioControl
GRASS CARP
bull Sterile (Triploid) Grass Carp Used to Manage Hydrilla
bull BUT- They Are Not Selective Feeders
bull Can Only be Used in Closed Water Bodies
UF
Hydrilla Bioherbicide
Mycoleptodiscus terrestris (Native Fungal Pathogen)
Fortuitous (Adventive) BioControl
bull Regulation of a Weed Population by a Natural Enemy that Has Arrived from Elsewhere Without Deliberate Introduction
bull No Active Human Involvement
Fortuitous Hydrilla BioControl
bull Adventive sp from Asia bull Collected in 1976
Ft Lauderdale Area bull Hydrilla- Principle Host
Plant bull Introduced via Aquarium
Trade bull Damage to Hydrilla
Minimal amp Sporadic ndash Poor BioControl Agent copy H Clifford
Parapoynx diminutalis
Importation (Classical) BioControl bull Introduction and Release of Host
Specific Natural Enemies from the Weedrsquos Native Range to Reduce Its Growth Reproduction or Density in the Adventive1 Range
1Arrived into a specified geographical region from
elsewhere by ANY means
Classical Hydrilla BioControl
Hydrilla Tuber Weevil Bagous affinis
Classical Hydrilla BioControl
Hydrilla Stem Borer Bagous hydrillae
Classical Hydrilla BioControl
Hydrilla Leaf Miners Hydrellia spp
Impact of Hydrellia Flies
Photo credit M Grodowitz ERDC Doyle et al (2002)
Factors Impacting Hydrellia
y = -53114x + 23004R2 = 05772
0
400
800
1200
1600
2000
20 25 30 35 40 45
MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE (oC)
DEN
SITY
bull Hydrilla Mat Surface Temperature
Factors Impacting Hydrellia bull Predation by Damselfly amp Dragonfly Naiads
0200400600800
10001200140016001800
6-Jul-
95
4-Aug-9
5
13-S
ep-95
12-O
ct-95
9-Nov
-95
13-D
ec-95
29-Ja
n-96
28-Feb
-96
27-M
ar-96
29-A
pr-96
29-M
ay-96
25-Ju
n-96
24-Ju
l-96
27-A
ug-96
25-S
ep-96
22-O
ct-96
25-N
ov-96
28-Ja
n-97
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
HP LARVAE
DRAGONFLY NAIADS
UK
HYD
REL
LIA
DEN
SITY
(no
m
2 ) D
RAG
ON
FLY DEN
SITY (no m2)
Factors Impacting Hydrellia
bull Parasitism ndash Significant ndash Upwards of 30
bull Late in growing season
ndash Pupal parasitoid behavior
bull Selects wide range bull Stage chosen = most successful
TRICHOPRIA WASP
Photo credit M Grodowitz ERDC
bull Midge Discovered in Crystal River 1992
bull Identified Dec 1998 ndash Collected in 1959
Natchitoches LA ndash Described 1964 ndash Hydrilla in Louisiana ndash Natchitoches1973
bull Immigrant or Native Species
Male
Fortuitous Hydrilla BioControl Cricotopus lebetis Sublette
Outline bull Current Activities Hydrilla BioControl
Hydrillarsquos Impact on Wildlife Algae-Harboring Hydrilla
Causing Bald Eagle Deaths in the Southeast
httpanimaldiscoverycomguideswild-birdsa-camerican-coothtml
httpihuntcomgamewaterfowlring-necked-duck
httpapms-blogblogspotcom201203state-budget-has-hydrilla-moneyhtml
THURSDAY MARCH 29 2012 State budget has hydrilla money Source ithacajournalcom (New York) Date Published 03292012 The new state budget includes $800000 to help local efforts to stop the invasive aquatic plant hydrilla which was found last year in Cayuga Inlet Ithaca-area state senators announced Wednesday
httpapms-blogblogspotcom201203state-budget-has-hydrilla-moneyhtml
Hydrilla Discovered in NY
cpDNA haplotypes
China F
China G
China H
Japan
Indonesia
Taiwan
12
19
1 China E 6
5
3
4
2
7
10 19
China A
China C
Korea NE USA
Australia New Zealand
11
1
11
1 China B
India
China J China I Poland
China D
Florida Texas California Louisiana
Africa India Panama Pakistan
22
11
Hydrilla Genetic Studies
Williams et al unpubl
ldquoIdealrdquo Hydrilla BioControl Agent bull Narrow Host Range (=Safety)- Specialists bull Damages Vital Plant Tissues (=Individual Effect) bull Reproductively Prolific (=Population Effect) bull Entire Life Cycle on Submersed Hydrilla bull Amenable to Local Conditions (=Climate Match
amp Habitat Conditions) bull Thrives on Local Hydrilla (Biotype Match) bull Protected from Predators (=Endophagous)
Source TD Center USDA-ARS
The Hydrilla Miner
bull Tip- mining Midge - Larvae Feed on Living
Plant Tissue - Rare Occurrence
bull Prevents ldquotopping outrdquo bull Naturalized in Florida
- No Swarms - Low Dispersal Distance - Easily Mass Reared
Female
Larva
Life Cycle of Hydrilla Miner
Female
Larva
Pupa
Egg
Cuda et al (1999 2002)
Hydrilla Miner Host Preference
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Hydrilla verticillata
(monoecious)
Elodea canadensis
Najas guadalupensis
Egeria densa Hydrilla verticillata
Chara vulgaris Potamogeton illinoensis
Ceratophyllum demersum
Vallisneria americana
Sagittaria kurziana
Eleocharis baldwinii
Utricularia macrorhiza
S
urvi
val
d d
d
cd
cd
bcd
b
ab
ab a a
Hydrilla Miner Host Preference
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Hydrilla verticillata
(monoecious)
Elodea canadensis
Najas guadalupensis
Egeria densa Hydrilla verticillata
Chara vulgaris Potamogeton illinoensis
Ceratophyllum demersum
Vallisneria americana
Sagittaria kurziana
Eleocharis baldwinii
Utricularia macrorhiza
S
urvi
val
d d
d
cd
cd
bcd
b
ab
ab a a
Grass Carp Preference bull Hydrilla bull Musk-grass bull Southern Naiad bull Brazilian elodea
Larva and Associated Tip Damage
Credit D Denson RCID
Block 1 Control Block 1 Midge
Lake Rowell Bradford Co September 2010
Changing Hydrillarsquos Architecture
Imazamox
Cl Miner
Mt Fungus
Management Goals bull Integrate Insect Fungus amp Herbicide = IPM bull Eliminate Adverse Effects of Surface Mats bull Reduce Reliance on Herbicides bull Create More Favorable Habitat
httpentomologyifasufleduhydrillaindexshtml
Hydrilla IPM Project
Outline bull Historical Perspective bull Current Activities bull Questions Comments
- BioControl of Waterhyacinth and Hydrilla
- Acknowledgements
- Outline
- Outline
- Waterhyacinth Worldwide Distribution
- Waterhyacinth amp BioControl in FL
- Waterhyacinth Mite amp Moth
- Waterhyacinth Weevils
- S Florida Canal- 1980s
- S Florida Canal- 1980s
- Water Hyacinath FungusCercospora piaropi
- Integrating Weevils amp Fungus
- Outline
- Waterhyacinth- New Agent
- Slide Number 15
- Slide Number 16
- Outline
- Worldwide Distribution of Hydrilla
- Hydrilla amp BioControl in Florida
- Augmentative BioControl
- Slide Number 21
- Slide Number 22
- Fortuitous (Adventive) BioControl
- Fortuitous Hydrilla BioControl
- Importation (Classical) BioControl
- Classical Hydrilla BioControl
- Classical Hydrilla BioControl
- Classical Hydrilla BioControl
- Impact of Hydrellia Flies
- Slide Number 30
- Slide Number 31
- Factors Impacting Hydrellia
- Fortuitous Hydrilla BioControl Cricotopus lebetis Sublette
- Outline
- Hydrillarsquos Impact on Wildlife
- Hydrilla Discovered in NY
- Slide Number 37
- ldquoIdealrdquo Hydrilla BioControl Agent
- The Hydrilla Miner
- Life Cycle of Hydrilla Miner
- Hydrilla Miner Host Preference
- Hydrilla Miner Host Preference
- Slide Number 43
- Slide Number 44
- Slide Number 45
- Slide Number 46
- Management Goals
- Hydrilla IPM Project
- Outline
-
bull Important Milestones 1950s- Hydrilla introduced into Florida 1968- Correctly IDrsquod herbicides ineffective 1970s- Rapid spread throughout Florida 1972- Release of grass carp in FL 1976- Discovery of adventive Parapoynx moth 1987- Release of Bagous tuber weevil 1987- Release of first Hydrellia leaf miner 1989- Release of 2nd Hydrellia leaf miner 1990- Discovery of Mycoleptodiscus fungus 1991- Release of Bagous stem Weevil 1992- Discovery of Cricotopus midge in FL 2000- Discovery of fluridone resistance
Hydrilla amp BioControl in Florida
Augmentative BioControl
bull Release of Large Numbers of a Biological Control Agent to Achieve a Rapid Effect
bull There is No Expectation the Biological Control Agent will Establish a Permanent (= Reproducing) Population
Augmentative Hydrilla BioControl
GRASS CARP
bull Sterile (Triploid) Grass Carp Used to Manage Hydrilla
bull BUT- They Are Not Selective Feeders
bull Can Only be Used in Closed Water Bodies
UF
Hydrilla Bioherbicide
Mycoleptodiscus terrestris (Native Fungal Pathogen)
Fortuitous (Adventive) BioControl
bull Regulation of a Weed Population by a Natural Enemy that Has Arrived from Elsewhere Without Deliberate Introduction
bull No Active Human Involvement
Fortuitous Hydrilla BioControl
bull Adventive sp from Asia bull Collected in 1976
Ft Lauderdale Area bull Hydrilla- Principle Host
Plant bull Introduced via Aquarium
Trade bull Damage to Hydrilla
Minimal amp Sporadic ndash Poor BioControl Agent copy H Clifford
Parapoynx diminutalis
Importation (Classical) BioControl bull Introduction and Release of Host
Specific Natural Enemies from the Weedrsquos Native Range to Reduce Its Growth Reproduction or Density in the Adventive1 Range
1Arrived into a specified geographical region from
elsewhere by ANY means
Classical Hydrilla BioControl
Hydrilla Tuber Weevil Bagous affinis
Classical Hydrilla BioControl
Hydrilla Stem Borer Bagous hydrillae
Classical Hydrilla BioControl
Hydrilla Leaf Miners Hydrellia spp
Impact of Hydrellia Flies
Photo credit M Grodowitz ERDC Doyle et al (2002)
Factors Impacting Hydrellia
y = -53114x + 23004R2 = 05772
0
400
800
1200
1600
2000
20 25 30 35 40 45
MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE (oC)
DEN
SITY
bull Hydrilla Mat Surface Temperature
Factors Impacting Hydrellia bull Predation by Damselfly amp Dragonfly Naiads
0200400600800
10001200140016001800
6-Jul-
95
4-Aug-9
5
13-S
ep-95
12-O
ct-95
9-Nov
-95
13-D
ec-95
29-Ja
n-96
28-Feb
-96
27-M
ar-96
29-A
pr-96
29-M
ay-96
25-Ju
n-96
24-Ju
l-96
27-A
ug-96
25-S
ep-96
22-O
ct-96
25-N
ov-96
28-Ja
n-97
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
HP LARVAE
DRAGONFLY NAIADS
UK
HYD
REL
LIA
DEN
SITY
(no
m
2 ) D
RAG
ON
FLY DEN
SITY (no m2)
Factors Impacting Hydrellia
bull Parasitism ndash Significant ndash Upwards of 30
bull Late in growing season
ndash Pupal parasitoid behavior
bull Selects wide range bull Stage chosen = most successful
TRICHOPRIA WASP
Photo credit M Grodowitz ERDC
bull Midge Discovered in Crystal River 1992
bull Identified Dec 1998 ndash Collected in 1959
Natchitoches LA ndash Described 1964 ndash Hydrilla in Louisiana ndash Natchitoches1973
bull Immigrant or Native Species
Male
Fortuitous Hydrilla BioControl Cricotopus lebetis Sublette
Outline bull Current Activities Hydrilla BioControl
Hydrillarsquos Impact on Wildlife Algae-Harboring Hydrilla
Causing Bald Eagle Deaths in the Southeast
httpanimaldiscoverycomguideswild-birdsa-camerican-coothtml
httpihuntcomgamewaterfowlring-necked-duck
httpapms-blogblogspotcom201203state-budget-has-hydrilla-moneyhtml
THURSDAY MARCH 29 2012 State budget has hydrilla money Source ithacajournalcom (New York) Date Published 03292012 The new state budget includes $800000 to help local efforts to stop the invasive aquatic plant hydrilla which was found last year in Cayuga Inlet Ithaca-area state senators announced Wednesday
httpapms-blogblogspotcom201203state-budget-has-hydrilla-moneyhtml
Hydrilla Discovered in NY
cpDNA haplotypes
China F
China G
China H
Japan
Indonesia
Taiwan
12
19
1 China E 6
5
3
4
2
7
10 19
China A
China C
Korea NE USA
Australia New Zealand
11
1
11
1 China B
India
China J China I Poland
China D
Florida Texas California Louisiana
Africa India Panama Pakistan
22
11
Hydrilla Genetic Studies
Williams et al unpubl
ldquoIdealrdquo Hydrilla BioControl Agent bull Narrow Host Range (=Safety)- Specialists bull Damages Vital Plant Tissues (=Individual Effect) bull Reproductively Prolific (=Population Effect) bull Entire Life Cycle on Submersed Hydrilla bull Amenable to Local Conditions (=Climate Match
amp Habitat Conditions) bull Thrives on Local Hydrilla (Biotype Match) bull Protected from Predators (=Endophagous)
Source TD Center USDA-ARS
The Hydrilla Miner
bull Tip- mining Midge - Larvae Feed on Living
Plant Tissue - Rare Occurrence
bull Prevents ldquotopping outrdquo bull Naturalized in Florida
- No Swarms - Low Dispersal Distance - Easily Mass Reared
Female
Larva
Life Cycle of Hydrilla Miner
Female
Larva
Pupa
Egg
Cuda et al (1999 2002)
Hydrilla Miner Host Preference
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Hydrilla verticillata
(monoecious)
Elodea canadensis
Najas guadalupensis
Egeria densa Hydrilla verticillata
Chara vulgaris Potamogeton illinoensis
Ceratophyllum demersum
Vallisneria americana
Sagittaria kurziana
Eleocharis baldwinii
Utricularia macrorhiza
S
urvi
val
d d
d
cd
cd
bcd
b
ab
ab a a
Hydrilla Miner Host Preference
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Hydrilla verticillata
(monoecious)
Elodea canadensis
Najas guadalupensis
Egeria densa Hydrilla verticillata
Chara vulgaris Potamogeton illinoensis
Ceratophyllum demersum
Vallisneria americana
Sagittaria kurziana
Eleocharis baldwinii
Utricularia macrorhiza
S
urvi
val
d d
d
cd
cd
bcd
b
ab
ab a a
Grass Carp Preference bull Hydrilla bull Musk-grass bull Southern Naiad bull Brazilian elodea
Larva and Associated Tip Damage
Credit D Denson RCID
Block 1 Control Block 1 Midge
Lake Rowell Bradford Co September 2010
Changing Hydrillarsquos Architecture
Imazamox
Cl Miner
Mt Fungus
Management Goals bull Integrate Insect Fungus amp Herbicide = IPM bull Eliminate Adverse Effects of Surface Mats bull Reduce Reliance on Herbicides bull Create More Favorable Habitat
httpentomologyifasufleduhydrillaindexshtml
Hydrilla IPM Project
Outline bull Historical Perspective bull Current Activities bull Questions Comments
- BioControl of Waterhyacinth and Hydrilla
- Acknowledgements
- Outline
- Outline
- Waterhyacinth Worldwide Distribution
- Waterhyacinth amp BioControl in FL
- Waterhyacinth Mite amp Moth
- Waterhyacinth Weevils
- S Florida Canal- 1980s
- S Florida Canal- 1980s
- Water Hyacinath FungusCercospora piaropi
- Integrating Weevils amp Fungus
- Outline
- Waterhyacinth- New Agent
- Slide Number 15
- Slide Number 16
- Outline
- Worldwide Distribution of Hydrilla
- Hydrilla amp BioControl in Florida
- Augmentative BioControl
- Slide Number 21
- Slide Number 22
- Fortuitous (Adventive) BioControl
- Fortuitous Hydrilla BioControl
- Importation (Classical) BioControl
- Classical Hydrilla BioControl
- Classical Hydrilla BioControl
- Classical Hydrilla BioControl
- Impact of Hydrellia Flies
- Slide Number 30
- Slide Number 31
- Factors Impacting Hydrellia
- Fortuitous Hydrilla BioControl Cricotopus lebetis Sublette
- Outline
- Hydrillarsquos Impact on Wildlife
- Hydrilla Discovered in NY
- Slide Number 37
- ldquoIdealrdquo Hydrilla BioControl Agent
- The Hydrilla Miner
- Life Cycle of Hydrilla Miner
- Hydrilla Miner Host Preference
- Hydrilla Miner Host Preference
- Slide Number 43
- Slide Number 44
- Slide Number 45
- Slide Number 46
- Management Goals
- Hydrilla IPM Project
- Outline
-
Augmentative BioControl
bull Release of Large Numbers of a Biological Control Agent to Achieve a Rapid Effect
bull There is No Expectation the Biological Control Agent will Establish a Permanent (= Reproducing) Population
Augmentative Hydrilla BioControl
GRASS CARP
bull Sterile (Triploid) Grass Carp Used to Manage Hydrilla
bull BUT- They Are Not Selective Feeders
bull Can Only be Used in Closed Water Bodies
UF
Hydrilla Bioherbicide
Mycoleptodiscus terrestris (Native Fungal Pathogen)
Fortuitous (Adventive) BioControl
bull Regulation of a Weed Population by a Natural Enemy that Has Arrived from Elsewhere Without Deliberate Introduction
bull No Active Human Involvement
Fortuitous Hydrilla BioControl
bull Adventive sp from Asia bull Collected in 1976
Ft Lauderdale Area bull Hydrilla- Principle Host
Plant bull Introduced via Aquarium
Trade bull Damage to Hydrilla
Minimal amp Sporadic ndash Poor BioControl Agent copy H Clifford
Parapoynx diminutalis
Importation (Classical) BioControl bull Introduction and Release of Host
Specific Natural Enemies from the Weedrsquos Native Range to Reduce Its Growth Reproduction or Density in the Adventive1 Range
1Arrived into a specified geographical region from
elsewhere by ANY means
Classical Hydrilla BioControl
Hydrilla Tuber Weevil Bagous affinis
Classical Hydrilla BioControl
Hydrilla Stem Borer Bagous hydrillae
Classical Hydrilla BioControl
Hydrilla Leaf Miners Hydrellia spp
Impact of Hydrellia Flies
Photo credit M Grodowitz ERDC Doyle et al (2002)
Factors Impacting Hydrellia
y = -53114x + 23004R2 = 05772
0
400
800
1200
1600
2000
20 25 30 35 40 45
MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE (oC)
DEN
SITY
bull Hydrilla Mat Surface Temperature
Factors Impacting Hydrellia bull Predation by Damselfly amp Dragonfly Naiads
0200400600800
10001200140016001800
6-Jul-
95
4-Aug-9
5
13-S
ep-95
12-O
ct-95
9-Nov
-95
13-D
ec-95
29-Ja
n-96
28-Feb
-96
27-M
ar-96
29-A
pr-96
29-M
ay-96
25-Ju
n-96
24-Ju
l-96
27-A
ug-96
25-S
ep-96
22-O
ct-96
25-N
ov-96
28-Ja
n-97
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
HP LARVAE
DRAGONFLY NAIADS
UK
HYD
REL
LIA
DEN
SITY
(no
m
2 ) D
RAG
ON
FLY DEN
SITY (no m2)
Factors Impacting Hydrellia
bull Parasitism ndash Significant ndash Upwards of 30
bull Late in growing season
ndash Pupal parasitoid behavior
bull Selects wide range bull Stage chosen = most successful
TRICHOPRIA WASP
Photo credit M Grodowitz ERDC
bull Midge Discovered in Crystal River 1992
bull Identified Dec 1998 ndash Collected in 1959
Natchitoches LA ndash Described 1964 ndash Hydrilla in Louisiana ndash Natchitoches1973
bull Immigrant or Native Species
Male
Fortuitous Hydrilla BioControl Cricotopus lebetis Sublette
Outline bull Current Activities Hydrilla BioControl
Hydrillarsquos Impact on Wildlife Algae-Harboring Hydrilla
Causing Bald Eagle Deaths in the Southeast
httpanimaldiscoverycomguideswild-birdsa-camerican-coothtml
httpihuntcomgamewaterfowlring-necked-duck
httpapms-blogblogspotcom201203state-budget-has-hydrilla-moneyhtml
THURSDAY MARCH 29 2012 State budget has hydrilla money Source ithacajournalcom (New York) Date Published 03292012 The new state budget includes $800000 to help local efforts to stop the invasive aquatic plant hydrilla which was found last year in Cayuga Inlet Ithaca-area state senators announced Wednesday
httpapms-blogblogspotcom201203state-budget-has-hydrilla-moneyhtml
Hydrilla Discovered in NY
cpDNA haplotypes
China F
China G
China H
Japan
Indonesia
Taiwan
12
19
1 China E 6
5
3
4
2
7
10 19
China A
China C
Korea NE USA
Australia New Zealand
11
1
11
1 China B
India
China J China I Poland
China D
Florida Texas California Louisiana
Africa India Panama Pakistan
22
11
Hydrilla Genetic Studies
Williams et al unpubl
ldquoIdealrdquo Hydrilla BioControl Agent bull Narrow Host Range (=Safety)- Specialists bull Damages Vital Plant Tissues (=Individual Effect) bull Reproductively Prolific (=Population Effect) bull Entire Life Cycle on Submersed Hydrilla bull Amenable to Local Conditions (=Climate Match
amp Habitat Conditions) bull Thrives on Local Hydrilla (Biotype Match) bull Protected from Predators (=Endophagous)
Source TD Center USDA-ARS
The Hydrilla Miner
bull Tip- mining Midge - Larvae Feed on Living
Plant Tissue - Rare Occurrence
bull Prevents ldquotopping outrdquo bull Naturalized in Florida
- No Swarms - Low Dispersal Distance - Easily Mass Reared
Female
Larva
Life Cycle of Hydrilla Miner
Female
Larva
Pupa
Egg
Cuda et al (1999 2002)
Hydrilla Miner Host Preference
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Hydrilla verticillata
(monoecious)
Elodea canadensis
Najas guadalupensis
Egeria densa Hydrilla verticillata
Chara vulgaris Potamogeton illinoensis
Ceratophyllum demersum
Vallisneria americana
Sagittaria kurziana
Eleocharis baldwinii
Utricularia macrorhiza
S
urvi
val
d d
d
cd
cd
bcd
b
ab
ab a a
Hydrilla Miner Host Preference
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Hydrilla verticillata
(monoecious)
Elodea canadensis
Najas guadalupensis
Egeria densa Hydrilla verticillata
Chara vulgaris Potamogeton illinoensis
Ceratophyllum demersum
Vallisneria americana
Sagittaria kurziana
Eleocharis baldwinii
Utricularia macrorhiza
S
urvi
val
d d
d
cd
cd
bcd
b
ab
ab a a
Grass Carp Preference bull Hydrilla bull Musk-grass bull Southern Naiad bull Brazilian elodea
Larva and Associated Tip Damage
Credit D Denson RCID
Block 1 Control Block 1 Midge
Lake Rowell Bradford Co September 2010
Changing Hydrillarsquos Architecture
Imazamox
Cl Miner
Mt Fungus
Management Goals bull Integrate Insect Fungus amp Herbicide = IPM bull Eliminate Adverse Effects of Surface Mats bull Reduce Reliance on Herbicides bull Create More Favorable Habitat
httpentomologyifasufleduhydrillaindexshtml
Hydrilla IPM Project
Outline bull Historical Perspective bull Current Activities bull Questions Comments
- BioControl of Waterhyacinth and Hydrilla
- Acknowledgements
- Outline
- Outline
- Waterhyacinth Worldwide Distribution
- Waterhyacinth amp BioControl in FL
- Waterhyacinth Mite amp Moth
- Waterhyacinth Weevils
- S Florida Canal- 1980s
- S Florida Canal- 1980s
- Water Hyacinath FungusCercospora piaropi
- Integrating Weevils amp Fungus
- Outline
- Waterhyacinth- New Agent
- Slide Number 15
- Slide Number 16
- Outline
- Worldwide Distribution of Hydrilla
- Hydrilla amp BioControl in Florida
- Augmentative BioControl
- Slide Number 21
- Slide Number 22
- Fortuitous (Adventive) BioControl
- Fortuitous Hydrilla BioControl
- Importation (Classical) BioControl
- Classical Hydrilla BioControl
- Classical Hydrilla BioControl
- Classical Hydrilla BioControl
- Impact of Hydrellia Flies
- Slide Number 30
- Slide Number 31
- Factors Impacting Hydrellia
- Fortuitous Hydrilla BioControl Cricotopus lebetis Sublette
- Outline
- Hydrillarsquos Impact on Wildlife
- Hydrilla Discovered in NY
- Slide Number 37
- ldquoIdealrdquo Hydrilla BioControl Agent
- The Hydrilla Miner
- Life Cycle of Hydrilla Miner
- Hydrilla Miner Host Preference
- Hydrilla Miner Host Preference
- Slide Number 43
- Slide Number 44
- Slide Number 45
- Slide Number 46
- Management Goals
- Hydrilla IPM Project
- Outline
-
Augmentative Hydrilla BioControl
GRASS CARP
bull Sterile (Triploid) Grass Carp Used to Manage Hydrilla
bull BUT- They Are Not Selective Feeders
bull Can Only be Used in Closed Water Bodies
UF
Hydrilla Bioherbicide
Mycoleptodiscus terrestris (Native Fungal Pathogen)
Fortuitous (Adventive) BioControl
bull Regulation of a Weed Population by a Natural Enemy that Has Arrived from Elsewhere Without Deliberate Introduction
bull No Active Human Involvement
Fortuitous Hydrilla BioControl
bull Adventive sp from Asia bull Collected in 1976
Ft Lauderdale Area bull Hydrilla- Principle Host
Plant bull Introduced via Aquarium
Trade bull Damage to Hydrilla
Minimal amp Sporadic ndash Poor BioControl Agent copy H Clifford
Parapoynx diminutalis
Importation (Classical) BioControl bull Introduction and Release of Host
Specific Natural Enemies from the Weedrsquos Native Range to Reduce Its Growth Reproduction or Density in the Adventive1 Range
1Arrived into a specified geographical region from
elsewhere by ANY means
Classical Hydrilla BioControl
Hydrilla Tuber Weevil Bagous affinis
Classical Hydrilla BioControl
Hydrilla Stem Borer Bagous hydrillae
Classical Hydrilla BioControl
Hydrilla Leaf Miners Hydrellia spp
Impact of Hydrellia Flies
Photo credit M Grodowitz ERDC Doyle et al (2002)
Factors Impacting Hydrellia
y = -53114x + 23004R2 = 05772
0
400
800
1200
1600
2000
20 25 30 35 40 45
MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE (oC)
DEN
SITY
bull Hydrilla Mat Surface Temperature
Factors Impacting Hydrellia bull Predation by Damselfly amp Dragonfly Naiads
0200400600800
10001200140016001800
6-Jul-
95
4-Aug-9
5
13-S
ep-95
12-O
ct-95
9-Nov
-95
13-D
ec-95
29-Ja
n-96
28-Feb
-96
27-M
ar-96
29-A
pr-96
29-M
ay-96
25-Ju
n-96
24-Ju
l-96
27-A
ug-96
25-S
ep-96
22-O
ct-96
25-N
ov-96
28-Ja
n-97
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
HP LARVAE
DRAGONFLY NAIADS
UK
HYD
REL
LIA
DEN
SITY
(no
m
2 ) D
RAG
ON
FLY DEN
SITY (no m2)
Factors Impacting Hydrellia
bull Parasitism ndash Significant ndash Upwards of 30
bull Late in growing season
ndash Pupal parasitoid behavior
bull Selects wide range bull Stage chosen = most successful
TRICHOPRIA WASP
Photo credit M Grodowitz ERDC
bull Midge Discovered in Crystal River 1992
bull Identified Dec 1998 ndash Collected in 1959
Natchitoches LA ndash Described 1964 ndash Hydrilla in Louisiana ndash Natchitoches1973
bull Immigrant or Native Species
Male
Fortuitous Hydrilla BioControl Cricotopus lebetis Sublette
Outline bull Current Activities Hydrilla BioControl
Hydrillarsquos Impact on Wildlife Algae-Harboring Hydrilla
Causing Bald Eagle Deaths in the Southeast
httpanimaldiscoverycomguideswild-birdsa-camerican-coothtml
httpihuntcomgamewaterfowlring-necked-duck
httpapms-blogblogspotcom201203state-budget-has-hydrilla-moneyhtml
THURSDAY MARCH 29 2012 State budget has hydrilla money Source ithacajournalcom (New York) Date Published 03292012 The new state budget includes $800000 to help local efforts to stop the invasive aquatic plant hydrilla which was found last year in Cayuga Inlet Ithaca-area state senators announced Wednesday
httpapms-blogblogspotcom201203state-budget-has-hydrilla-moneyhtml
Hydrilla Discovered in NY
cpDNA haplotypes
China F
China G
China H
Japan
Indonesia
Taiwan
12
19
1 China E 6
5
3
4
2
7
10 19
China A
China C
Korea NE USA
Australia New Zealand
11
1
11
1 China B
India
China J China I Poland
China D
Florida Texas California Louisiana
Africa India Panama Pakistan
22
11
Hydrilla Genetic Studies
Williams et al unpubl
ldquoIdealrdquo Hydrilla BioControl Agent bull Narrow Host Range (=Safety)- Specialists bull Damages Vital Plant Tissues (=Individual Effect) bull Reproductively Prolific (=Population Effect) bull Entire Life Cycle on Submersed Hydrilla bull Amenable to Local Conditions (=Climate Match
amp Habitat Conditions) bull Thrives on Local Hydrilla (Biotype Match) bull Protected from Predators (=Endophagous)
Source TD Center USDA-ARS
The Hydrilla Miner
bull Tip- mining Midge - Larvae Feed on Living
Plant Tissue - Rare Occurrence
bull Prevents ldquotopping outrdquo bull Naturalized in Florida
- No Swarms - Low Dispersal Distance - Easily Mass Reared
Female
Larva
Life Cycle of Hydrilla Miner
Female
Larva
Pupa
Egg
Cuda et al (1999 2002)
Hydrilla Miner Host Preference
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Hydrilla verticillata
(monoecious)
Elodea canadensis
Najas guadalupensis
Egeria densa Hydrilla verticillata
Chara vulgaris Potamogeton illinoensis
Ceratophyllum demersum
Vallisneria americana
Sagittaria kurziana
Eleocharis baldwinii
Utricularia macrorhiza
S
urvi
val
d d
d
cd
cd
bcd
b
ab
ab a a
Hydrilla Miner Host Preference
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Hydrilla verticillata
(monoecious)
Elodea canadensis
Najas guadalupensis
Egeria densa Hydrilla verticillata
Chara vulgaris Potamogeton illinoensis
Ceratophyllum demersum
Vallisneria americana
Sagittaria kurziana
Eleocharis baldwinii
Utricularia macrorhiza
S
urvi
val
d d
d
cd
cd
bcd
b
ab
ab a a
Grass Carp Preference bull Hydrilla bull Musk-grass bull Southern Naiad bull Brazilian elodea
Larva and Associated Tip Damage
Credit D Denson RCID
Block 1 Control Block 1 Midge
Lake Rowell Bradford Co September 2010
Changing Hydrillarsquos Architecture
Imazamox
Cl Miner
Mt Fungus
Management Goals bull Integrate Insect Fungus amp Herbicide = IPM bull Eliminate Adverse Effects of Surface Mats bull Reduce Reliance on Herbicides bull Create More Favorable Habitat
httpentomologyifasufleduhydrillaindexshtml
Hydrilla IPM Project
Outline bull Historical Perspective bull Current Activities bull Questions Comments
- BioControl of Waterhyacinth and Hydrilla
- Acknowledgements
- Outline
- Outline
- Waterhyacinth Worldwide Distribution
- Waterhyacinth amp BioControl in FL
- Waterhyacinth Mite amp Moth
- Waterhyacinth Weevils
- S Florida Canal- 1980s
- S Florida Canal- 1980s
- Water Hyacinath FungusCercospora piaropi
- Integrating Weevils amp Fungus
- Outline
- Waterhyacinth- New Agent
- Slide Number 15
- Slide Number 16
- Outline
- Worldwide Distribution of Hydrilla
- Hydrilla amp BioControl in Florida
- Augmentative BioControl
- Slide Number 21
- Slide Number 22
- Fortuitous (Adventive) BioControl
- Fortuitous Hydrilla BioControl
- Importation (Classical) BioControl
- Classical Hydrilla BioControl
- Classical Hydrilla BioControl
- Classical Hydrilla BioControl
- Impact of Hydrellia Flies
- Slide Number 30
- Slide Number 31
- Factors Impacting Hydrellia
- Fortuitous Hydrilla BioControl Cricotopus lebetis Sublette
- Outline
- Hydrillarsquos Impact on Wildlife
- Hydrilla Discovered in NY
- Slide Number 37
- ldquoIdealrdquo Hydrilla BioControl Agent
- The Hydrilla Miner
- Life Cycle of Hydrilla Miner
- Hydrilla Miner Host Preference
- Hydrilla Miner Host Preference
- Slide Number 43
- Slide Number 44
- Slide Number 45
- Slide Number 46
- Management Goals
- Hydrilla IPM Project
- Outline
-
UF
Hydrilla Bioherbicide
Mycoleptodiscus terrestris (Native Fungal Pathogen)
Fortuitous (Adventive) BioControl
bull Regulation of a Weed Population by a Natural Enemy that Has Arrived from Elsewhere Without Deliberate Introduction
bull No Active Human Involvement
Fortuitous Hydrilla BioControl
bull Adventive sp from Asia bull Collected in 1976
Ft Lauderdale Area bull Hydrilla- Principle Host
Plant bull Introduced via Aquarium
Trade bull Damage to Hydrilla
Minimal amp Sporadic ndash Poor BioControl Agent copy H Clifford
Parapoynx diminutalis
Importation (Classical) BioControl bull Introduction and Release of Host
Specific Natural Enemies from the Weedrsquos Native Range to Reduce Its Growth Reproduction or Density in the Adventive1 Range
1Arrived into a specified geographical region from
elsewhere by ANY means
Classical Hydrilla BioControl
Hydrilla Tuber Weevil Bagous affinis
Classical Hydrilla BioControl
Hydrilla Stem Borer Bagous hydrillae
Classical Hydrilla BioControl
Hydrilla Leaf Miners Hydrellia spp
Impact of Hydrellia Flies
Photo credit M Grodowitz ERDC Doyle et al (2002)
Factors Impacting Hydrellia
y = -53114x + 23004R2 = 05772
0
400
800
1200
1600
2000
20 25 30 35 40 45
MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE (oC)
DEN
SITY
bull Hydrilla Mat Surface Temperature
Factors Impacting Hydrellia bull Predation by Damselfly amp Dragonfly Naiads
0200400600800
10001200140016001800
6-Jul-
95
4-Aug-9
5
13-S
ep-95
12-O
ct-95
9-Nov
-95
13-D
ec-95
29-Ja
n-96
28-Feb
-96
27-M
ar-96
29-A
pr-96
29-M
ay-96
25-Ju
n-96
24-Ju
l-96
27-A
ug-96
25-S
ep-96
22-O
ct-96
25-N
ov-96
28-Ja
n-97
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
HP LARVAE
DRAGONFLY NAIADS
UK
HYD
REL
LIA
DEN
SITY
(no
m
2 ) D
RAG
ON
FLY DEN
SITY (no m2)
Factors Impacting Hydrellia
bull Parasitism ndash Significant ndash Upwards of 30
bull Late in growing season
ndash Pupal parasitoid behavior
bull Selects wide range bull Stage chosen = most successful
TRICHOPRIA WASP
Photo credit M Grodowitz ERDC
bull Midge Discovered in Crystal River 1992
bull Identified Dec 1998 ndash Collected in 1959
Natchitoches LA ndash Described 1964 ndash Hydrilla in Louisiana ndash Natchitoches1973
bull Immigrant or Native Species
Male
Fortuitous Hydrilla BioControl Cricotopus lebetis Sublette
Outline bull Current Activities Hydrilla BioControl
Hydrillarsquos Impact on Wildlife Algae-Harboring Hydrilla
Causing Bald Eagle Deaths in the Southeast
httpanimaldiscoverycomguideswild-birdsa-camerican-coothtml
httpihuntcomgamewaterfowlring-necked-duck
httpapms-blogblogspotcom201203state-budget-has-hydrilla-moneyhtml
THURSDAY MARCH 29 2012 State budget has hydrilla money Source ithacajournalcom (New York) Date Published 03292012 The new state budget includes $800000 to help local efforts to stop the invasive aquatic plant hydrilla which was found last year in Cayuga Inlet Ithaca-area state senators announced Wednesday
httpapms-blogblogspotcom201203state-budget-has-hydrilla-moneyhtml
Hydrilla Discovered in NY
cpDNA haplotypes
China F
China G
China H
Japan
Indonesia
Taiwan
12
19
1 China E 6
5
3
4
2
7
10 19
China A
China C
Korea NE USA
Australia New Zealand
11
1
11
1 China B
India
China J China I Poland
China D
Florida Texas California Louisiana
Africa India Panama Pakistan
22
11
Hydrilla Genetic Studies
Williams et al unpubl
ldquoIdealrdquo Hydrilla BioControl Agent bull Narrow Host Range (=Safety)- Specialists bull Damages Vital Plant Tissues (=Individual Effect) bull Reproductively Prolific (=Population Effect) bull Entire Life Cycle on Submersed Hydrilla bull Amenable to Local Conditions (=Climate Match
amp Habitat Conditions) bull Thrives on Local Hydrilla (Biotype Match) bull Protected from Predators (=Endophagous)
Source TD Center USDA-ARS
The Hydrilla Miner
bull Tip- mining Midge - Larvae Feed on Living
Plant Tissue - Rare Occurrence
bull Prevents ldquotopping outrdquo bull Naturalized in Florida
- No Swarms - Low Dispersal Distance - Easily Mass Reared
Female
Larva
Life Cycle of Hydrilla Miner
Female
Larva
Pupa
Egg
Cuda et al (1999 2002)
Hydrilla Miner Host Preference
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Hydrilla verticillata
(monoecious)
Elodea canadensis
Najas guadalupensis
Egeria densa Hydrilla verticillata
Chara vulgaris Potamogeton illinoensis
Ceratophyllum demersum
Vallisneria americana
Sagittaria kurziana
Eleocharis baldwinii
Utricularia macrorhiza
S
urvi
val
d d
d
cd
cd
bcd
b
ab
ab a a
Hydrilla Miner Host Preference
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Hydrilla verticillata
(monoecious)
Elodea canadensis
Najas guadalupensis
Egeria densa Hydrilla verticillata
Chara vulgaris Potamogeton illinoensis
Ceratophyllum demersum
Vallisneria americana
Sagittaria kurziana
Eleocharis baldwinii
Utricularia macrorhiza
S
urvi
val
d d
d
cd
cd
bcd
b
ab
ab a a
Grass Carp Preference bull Hydrilla bull Musk-grass bull Southern Naiad bull Brazilian elodea
Larva and Associated Tip Damage
Credit D Denson RCID
Block 1 Control Block 1 Midge
Lake Rowell Bradford Co September 2010
Changing Hydrillarsquos Architecture
Imazamox
Cl Miner
Mt Fungus
Management Goals bull Integrate Insect Fungus amp Herbicide = IPM bull Eliminate Adverse Effects of Surface Mats bull Reduce Reliance on Herbicides bull Create More Favorable Habitat
httpentomologyifasufleduhydrillaindexshtml
Hydrilla IPM Project
Outline bull Historical Perspective bull Current Activities bull Questions Comments
- BioControl of Waterhyacinth and Hydrilla
- Acknowledgements
- Outline
- Outline
- Waterhyacinth Worldwide Distribution
- Waterhyacinth amp BioControl in FL
- Waterhyacinth Mite amp Moth
- Waterhyacinth Weevils
- S Florida Canal- 1980s
- S Florida Canal- 1980s
- Water Hyacinath FungusCercospora piaropi
- Integrating Weevils amp Fungus
- Outline
- Waterhyacinth- New Agent
- Slide Number 15
- Slide Number 16
- Outline
- Worldwide Distribution of Hydrilla
- Hydrilla amp BioControl in Florida
- Augmentative BioControl
- Slide Number 21
- Slide Number 22
- Fortuitous (Adventive) BioControl
- Fortuitous Hydrilla BioControl
- Importation (Classical) BioControl
- Classical Hydrilla BioControl
- Classical Hydrilla BioControl
- Classical Hydrilla BioControl
- Impact of Hydrellia Flies
- Slide Number 30
- Slide Number 31
- Factors Impacting Hydrellia
- Fortuitous Hydrilla BioControl Cricotopus lebetis Sublette
- Outline
- Hydrillarsquos Impact on Wildlife
- Hydrilla Discovered in NY
- Slide Number 37
- ldquoIdealrdquo Hydrilla BioControl Agent
- The Hydrilla Miner
- Life Cycle of Hydrilla Miner
- Hydrilla Miner Host Preference
- Hydrilla Miner Host Preference
- Slide Number 43
- Slide Number 44
- Slide Number 45
- Slide Number 46
- Management Goals
- Hydrilla IPM Project
- Outline
-
Fortuitous (Adventive) BioControl
bull Regulation of a Weed Population by a Natural Enemy that Has Arrived from Elsewhere Without Deliberate Introduction
bull No Active Human Involvement
Fortuitous Hydrilla BioControl
bull Adventive sp from Asia bull Collected in 1976
Ft Lauderdale Area bull Hydrilla- Principle Host
Plant bull Introduced via Aquarium
Trade bull Damage to Hydrilla
Minimal amp Sporadic ndash Poor BioControl Agent copy H Clifford
Parapoynx diminutalis
Importation (Classical) BioControl bull Introduction and Release of Host
Specific Natural Enemies from the Weedrsquos Native Range to Reduce Its Growth Reproduction or Density in the Adventive1 Range
1Arrived into a specified geographical region from
elsewhere by ANY means
Classical Hydrilla BioControl
Hydrilla Tuber Weevil Bagous affinis
Classical Hydrilla BioControl
Hydrilla Stem Borer Bagous hydrillae
Classical Hydrilla BioControl
Hydrilla Leaf Miners Hydrellia spp
Impact of Hydrellia Flies
Photo credit M Grodowitz ERDC Doyle et al (2002)
Factors Impacting Hydrellia
y = -53114x + 23004R2 = 05772
0
400
800
1200
1600
2000
20 25 30 35 40 45
MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE (oC)
DEN
SITY
bull Hydrilla Mat Surface Temperature
Factors Impacting Hydrellia bull Predation by Damselfly amp Dragonfly Naiads
0200400600800
10001200140016001800
6-Jul-
95
4-Aug-9
5
13-S
ep-95
12-O
ct-95
9-Nov
-95
13-D
ec-95
29-Ja
n-96
28-Feb
-96
27-M
ar-96
29-A
pr-96
29-M
ay-96
25-Ju
n-96
24-Ju
l-96
27-A
ug-96
25-S
ep-96
22-O
ct-96
25-N
ov-96
28-Ja
n-97
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
HP LARVAE
DRAGONFLY NAIADS
UK
HYD
REL
LIA
DEN
SITY
(no
m
2 ) D
RAG
ON
FLY DEN
SITY (no m2)
Factors Impacting Hydrellia
bull Parasitism ndash Significant ndash Upwards of 30
bull Late in growing season
ndash Pupal parasitoid behavior
bull Selects wide range bull Stage chosen = most successful
TRICHOPRIA WASP
Photo credit M Grodowitz ERDC
bull Midge Discovered in Crystal River 1992
bull Identified Dec 1998 ndash Collected in 1959
Natchitoches LA ndash Described 1964 ndash Hydrilla in Louisiana ndash Natchitoches1973
bull Immigrant or Native Species
Male
Fortuitous Hydrilla BioControl Cricotopus lebetis Sublette
Outline bull Current Activities Hydrilla BioControl
Hydrillarsquos Impact on Wildlife Algae-Harboring Hydrilla
Causing Bald Eagle Deaths in the Southeast
httpanimaldiscoverycomguideswild-birdsa-camerican-coothtml
httpihuntcomgamewaterfowlring-necked-duck
httpapms-blogblogspotcom201203state-budget-has-hydrilla-moneyhtml
THURSDAY MARCH 29 2012 State budget has hydrilla money Source ithacajournalcom (New York) Date Published 03292012 The new state budget includes $800000 to help local efforts to stop the invasive aquatic plant hydrilla which was found last year in Cayuga Inlet Ithaca-area state senators announced Wednesday
httpapms-blogblogspotcom201203state-budget-has-hydrilla-moneyhtml
Hydrilla Discovered in NY
cpDNA haplotypes
China F
China G
China H
Japan
Indonesia
Taiwan
12
19
1 China E 6
5
3
4
2
7
10 19
China A
China C
Korea NE USA
Australia New Zealand
11
1
11
1 China B
India
China J China I Poland
China D
Florida Texas California Louisiana
Africa India Panama Pakistan
22
11
Hydrilla Genetic Studies
Williams et al unpubl
ldquoIdealrdquo Hydrilla BioControl Agent bull Narrow Host Range (=Safety)- Specialists bull Damages Vital Plant Tissues (=Individual Effect) bull Reproductively Prolific (=Population Effect) bull Entire Life Cycle on Submersed Hydrilla bull Amenable to Local Conditions (=Climate Match
amp Habitat Conditions) bull Thrives on Local Hydrilla (Biotype Match) bull Protected from Predators (=Endophagous)
Source TD Center USDA-ARS
The Hydrilla Miner
bull Tip- mining Midge - Larvae Feed on Living
Plant Tissue - Rare Occurrence
bull Prevents ldquotopping outrdquo bull Naturalized in Florida
- No Swarms - Low Dispersal Distance - Easily Mass Reared
Female
Larva
Life Cycle of Hydrilla Miner
Female
Larva
Pupa
Egg
Cuda et al (1999 2002)
Hydrilla Miner Host Preference
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Hydrilla verticillata
(monoecious)
Elodea canadensis
Najas guadalupensis
Egeria densa Hydrilla verticillata
Chara vulgaris Potamogeton illinoensis
Ceratophyllum demersum
Vallisneria americana
Sagittaria kurziana
Eleocharis baldwinii
Utricularia macrorhiza
S
urvi
val
d d
d
cd
cd
bcd
b
ab
ab a a
Hydrilla Miner Host Preference
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Hydrilla verticillata
(monoecious)
Elodea canadensis
Najas guadalupensis
Egeria densa Hydrilla verticillata
Chara vulgaris Potamogeton illinoensis
Ceratophyllum demersum
Vallisneria americana
Sagittaria kurziana
Eleocharis baldwinii
Utricularia macrorhiza
S
urvi
val
d d
d
cd
cd
bcd
b
ab
ab a a
Grass Carp Preference bull Hydrilla bull Musk-grass bull Southern Naiad bull Brazilian elodea
Larva and Associated Tip Damage
Credit D Denson RCID
Block 1 Control Block 1 Midge
Lake Rowell Bradford Co September 2010
Changing Hydrillarsquos Architecture
Imazamox
Cl Miner
Mt Fungus
Management Goals bull Integrate Insect Fungus amp Herbicide = IPM bull Eliminate Adverse Effects of Surface Mats bull Reduce Reliance on Herbicides bull Create More Favorable Habitat
httpentomologyifasufleduhydrillaindexshtml
Hydrilla IPM Project
Outline bull Historical Perspective bull Current Activities bull Questions Comments
- BioControl of Waterhyacinth and Hydrilla
- Acknowledgements
- Outline
- Outline
- Waterhyacinth Worldwide Distribution
- Waterhyacinth amp BioControl in FL
- Waterhyacinth Mite amp Moth
- Waterhyacinth Weevils
- S Florida Canal- 1980s
- S Florida Canal- 1980s
- Water Hyacinath FungusCercospora piaropi
- Integrating Weevils amp Fungus
- Outline
- Waterhyacinth- New Agent
- Slide Number 15
- Slide Number 16
- Outline
- Worldwide Distribution of Hydrilla
- Hydrilla amp BioControl in Florida
- Augmentative BioControl
- Slide Number 21
- Slide Number 22
- Fortuitous (Adventive) BioControl
- Fortuitous Hydrilla BioControl
- Importation (Classical) BioControl
- Classical Hydrilla BioControl
- Classical Hydrilla BioControl
- Classical Hydrilla BioControl
- Impact of Hydrellia Flies
- Slide Number 30
- Slide Number 31
- Factors Impacting Hydrellia
- Fortuitous Hydrilla BioControl Cricotopus lebetis Sublette
- Outline
- Hydrillarsquos Impact on Wildlife
- Hydrilla Discovered in NY
- Slide Number 37
- ldquoIdealrdquo Hydrilla BioControl Agent
- The Hydrilla Miner
- Life Cycle of Hydrilla Miner
- Hydrilla Miner Host Preference
- Hydrilla Miner Host Preference
- Slide Number 43
- Slide Number 44
- Slide Number 45
- Slide Number 46
- Management Goals
- Hydrilla IPM Project
- Outline
-
Fortuitous Hydrilla BioControl
bull Adventive sp from Asia bull Collected in 1976
Ft Lauderdale Area bull Hydrilla- Principle Host
Plant bull Introduced via Aquarium
Trade bull Damage to Hydrilla
Minimal amp Sporadic ndash Poor BioControl Agent copy H Clifford
Parapoynx diminutalis
Importation (Classical) BioControl bull Introduction and Release of Host
Specific Natural Enemies from the Weedrsquos Native Range to Reduce Its Growth Reproduction or Density in the Adventive1 Range
1Arrived into a specified geographical region from
elsewhere by ANY means
Classical Hydrilla BioControl
Hydrilla Tuber Weevil Bagous affinis
Classical Hydrilla BioControl
Hydrilla Stem Borer Bagous hydrillae
Classical Hydrilla BioControl
Hydrilla Leaf Miners Hydrellia spp
Impact of Hydrellia Flies
Photo credit M Grodowitz ERDC Doyle et al (2002)
Factors Impacting Hydrellia
y = -53114x + 23004R2 = 05772
0
400
800
1200
1600
2000
20 25 30 35 40 45
MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE (oC)
DEN
SITY
bull Hydrilla Mat Surface Temperature
Factors Impacting Hydrellia bull Predation by Damselfly amp Dragonfly Naiads
0200400600800
10001200140016001800
6-Jul-
95
4-Aug-9
5
13-S
ep-95
12-O
ct-95
9-Nov
-95
13-D
ec-95
29-Ja
n-96
28-Feb
-96
27-M
ar-96
29-A
pr-96
29-M
ay-96
25-Ju
n-96
24-Ju
l-96
27-A
ug-96
25-S
ep-96
22-O
ct-96
25-N
ov-96
28-Ja
n-97
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
HP LARVAE
DRAGONFLY NAIADS
UK
HYD
REL
LIA
DEN
SITY
(no
m
2 ) D
RAG
ON
FLY DEN
SITY (no m2)
Factors Impacting Hydrellia
bull Parasitism ndash Significant ndash Upwards of 30
bull Late in growing season
ndash Pupal parasitoid behavior
bull Selects wide range bull Stage chosen = most successful
TRICHOPRIA WASP
Photo credit M Grodowitz ERDC
bull Midge Discovered in Crystal River 1992
bull Identified Dec 1998 ndash Collected in 1959
Natchitoches LA ndash Described 1964 ndash Hydrilla in Louisiana ndash Natchitoches1973
bull Immigrant or Native Species
Male
Fortuitous Hydrilla BioControl Cricotopus lebetis Sublette
Outline bull Current Activities Hydrilla BioControl
Hydrillarsquos Impact on Wildlife Algae-Harboring Hydrilla
Causing Bald Eagle Deaths in the Southeast
httpanimaldiscoverycomguideswild-birdsa-camerican-coothtml
httpihuntcomgamewaterfowlring-necked-duck
httpapms-blogblogspotcom201203state-budget-has-hydrilla-moneyhtml
THURSDAY MARCH 29 2012 State budget has hydrilla money Source ithacajournalcom (New York) Date Published 03292012 The new state budget includes $800000 to help local efforts to stop the invasive aquatic plant hydrilla which was found last year in Cayuga Inlet Ithaca-area state senators announced Wednesday
httpapms-blogblogspotcom201203state-budget-has-hydrilla-moneyhtml
Hydrilla Discovered in NY
cpDNA haplotypes
China F
China G
China H
Japan
Indonesia
Taiwan
12
19
1 China E 6
5
3
4
2
7
10 19
China A
China C
Korea NE USA
Australia New Zealand
11
1
11
1 China B
India
China J China I Poland
China D
Florida Texas California Louisiana
Africa India Panama Pakistan
22
11
Hydrilla Genetic Studies
Williams et al unpubl
ldquoIdealrdquo Hydrilla BioControl Agent bull Narrow Host Range (=Safety)- Specialists bull Damages Vital Plant Tissues (=Individual Effect) bull Reproductively Prolific (=Population Effect) bull Entire Life Cycle on Submersed Hydrilla bull Amenable to Local Conditions (=Climate Match
amp Habitat Conditions) bull Thrives on Local Hydrilla (Biotype Match) bull Protected from Predators (=Endophagous)
Source TD Center USDA-ARS
The Hydrilla Miner
bull Tip- mining Midge - Larvae Feed on Living
Plant Tissue - Rare Occurrence
bull Prevents ldquotopping outrdquo bull Naturalized in Florida
- No Swarms - Low Dispersal Distance - Easily Mass Reared
Female
Larva
Life Cycle of Hydrilla Miner
Female
Larva
Pupa
Egg
Cuda et al (1999 2002)
Hydrilla Miner Host Preference
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Hydrilla verticillata
(monoecious)
Elodea canadensis
Najas guadalupensis
Egeria densa Hydrilla verticillata
Chara vulgaris Potamogeton illinoensis
Ceratophyllum demersum
Vallisneria americana
Sagittaria kurziana
Eleocharis baldwinii
Utricularia macrorhiza
S
urvi
val
d d
d
cd
cd
bcd
b
ab
ab a a
Hydrilla Miner Host Preference
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Hydrilla verticillata
(monoecious)
Elodea canadensis
Najas guadalupensis
Egeria densa Hydrilla verticillata
Chara vulgaris Potamogeton illinoensis
Ceratophyllum demersum
Vallisneria americana
Sagittaria kurziana
Eleocharis baldwinii
Utricularia macrorhiza
S
urvi
val
d d
d
cd
cd
bcd
b
ab
ab a a
Grass Carp Preference bull Hydrilla bull Musk-grass bull Southern Naiad bull Brazilian elodea
Larva and Associated Tip Damage
Credit D Denson RCID
Block 1 Control Block 1 Midge
Lake Rowell Bradford Co September 2010
Changing Hydrillarsquos Architecture
Imazamox
Cl Miner
Mt Fungus
Management Goals bull Integrate Insect Fungus amp Herbicide = IPM bull Eliminate Adverse Effects of Surface Mats bull Reduce Reliance on Herbicides bull Create More Favorable Habitat
httpentomologyifasufleduhydrillaindexshtml
Hydrilla IPM Project
Outline bull Historical Perspective bull Current Activities bull Questions Comments
- BioControl of Waterhyacinth and Hydrilla
- Acknowledgements
- Outline
- Outline
- Waterhyacinth Worldwide Distribution
- Waterhyacinth amp BioControl in FL
- Waterhyacinth Mite amp Moth
- Waterhyacinth Weevils
- S Florida Canal- 1980s
- S Florida Canal- 1980s
- Water Hyacinath FungusCercospora piaropi
- Integrating Weevils amp Fungus
- Outline
- Waterhyacinth- New Agent
- Slide Number 15
- Slide Number 16
- Outline
- Worldwide Distribution of Hydrilla
- Hydrilla amp BioControl in Florida
- Augmentative BioControl
- Slide Number 21
- Slide Number 22
- Fortuitous (Adventive) BioControl
- Fortuitous Hydrilla BioControl
- Importation (Classical) BioControl
- Classical Hydrilla BioControl
- Classical Hydrilla BioControl
- Classical Hydrilla BioControl
- Impact of Hydrellia Flies
- Slide Number 30
- Slide Number 31
- Factors Impacting Hydrellia
- Fortuitous Hydrilla BioControl Cricotopus lebetis Sublette
- Outline
- Hydrillarsquos Impact on Wildlife
- Hydrilla Discovered in NY
- Slide Number 37
- ldquoIdealrdquo Hydrilla BioControl Agent
- The Hydrilla Miner
- Life Cycle of Hydrilla Miner
- Hydrilla Miner Host Preference
- Hydrilla Miner Host Preference
- Slide Number 43
- Slide Number 44
- Slide Number 45
- Slide Number 46
- Management Goals
- Hydrilla IPM Project
- Outline
-
Importation (Classical) BioControl bull Introduction and Release of Host
Specific Natural Enemies from the Weedrsquos Native Range to Reduce Its Growth Reproduction or Density in the Adventive1 Range
1Arrived into a specified geographical region from
elsewhere by ANY means
Classical Hydrilla BioControl
Hydrilla Tuber Weevil Bagous affinis
Classical Hydrilla BioControl
Hydrilla Stem Borer Bagous hydrillae
Classical Hydrilla BioControl
Hydrilla Leaf Miners Hydrellia spp
Impact of Hydrellia Flies
Photo credit M Grodowitz ERDC Doyle et al (2002)
Factors Impacting Hydrellia
y = -53114x + 23004R2 = 05772
0
400
800
1200
1600
2000
20 25 30 35 40 45
MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE (oC)
DEN
SITY
bull Hydrilla Mat Surface Temperature
Factors Impacting Hydrellia bull Predation by Damselfly amp Dragonfly Naiads
0200400600800
10001200140016001800
6-Jul-
95
4-Aug-9
5
13-S
ep-95
12-O
ct-95
9-Nov
-95
13-D
ec-95
29-Ja
n-96
28-Feb
-96
27-M
ar-96
29-A
pr-96
29-M
ay-96
25-Ju
n-96
24-Ju
l-96
27-A
ug-96
25-S
ep-96
22-O
ct-96
25-N
ov-96
28-Ja
n-97
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
HP LARVAE
DRAGONFLY NAIADS
UK
HYD
REL
LIA
DEN
SITY
(no
m
2 ) D
RAG
ON
FLY DEN
SITY (no m2)
Factors Impacting Hydrellia
bull Parasitism ndash Significant ndash Upwards of 30
bull Late in growing season
ndash Pupal parasitoid behavior
bull Selects wide range bull Stage chosen = most successful
TRICHOPRIA WASP
Photo credit M Grodowitz ERDC
bull Midge Discovered in Crystal River 1992
bull Identified Dec 1998 ndash Collected in 1959
Natchitoches LA ndash Described 1964 ndash Hydrilla in Louisiana ndash Natchitoches1973
bull Immigrant or Native Species
Male
Fortuitous Hydrilla BioControl Cricotopus lebetis Sublette
Outline bull Current Activities Hydrilla BioControl
Hydrillarsquos Impact on Wildlife Algae-Harboring Hydrilla
Causing Bald Eagle Deaths in the Southeast
httpanimaldiscoverycomguideswild-birdsa-camerican-coothtml
httpihuntcomgamewaterfowlring-necked-duck
httpapms-blogblogspotcom201203state-budget-has-hydrilla-moneyhtml
THURSDAY MARCH 29 2012 State budget has hydrilla money Source ithacajournalcom (New York) Date Published 03292012 The new state budget includes $800000 to help local efforts to stop the invasive aquatic plant hydrilla which was found last year in Cayuga Inlet Ithaca-area state senators announced Wednesday
httpapms-blogblogspotcom201203state-budget-has-hydrilla-moneyhtml
Hydrilla Discovered in NY
cpDNA haplotypes
China F
China G
China H
Japan
Indonesia
Taiwan
12
19
1 China E 6
5
3
4
2
7
10 19
China A
China C
Korea NE USA
Australia New Zealand
11
1
11
1 China B
India
China J China I Poland
China D
Florida Texas California Louisiana
Africa India Panama Pakistan
22
11
Hydrilla Genetic Studies
Williams et al unpubl
ldquoIdealrdquo Hydrilla BioControl Agent bull Narrow Host Range (=Safety)- Specialists bull Damages Vital Plant Tissues (=Individual Effect) bull Reproductively Prolific (=Population Effect) bull Entire Life Cycle on Submersed Hydrilla bull Amenable to Local Conditions (=Climate Match
amp Habitat Conditions) bull Thrives on Local Hydrilla (Biotype Match) bull Protected from Predators (=Endophagous)
Source TD Center USDA-ARS
The Hydrilla Miner
bull Tip- mining Midge - Larvae Feed on Living
Plant Tissue - Rare Occurrence
bull Prevents ldquotopping outrdquo bull Naturalized in Florida
- No Swarms - Low Dispersal Distance - Easily Mass Reared
Female
Larva
Life Cycle of Hydrilla Miner
Female
Larva
Pupa
Egg
Cuda et al (1999 2002)
Hydrilla Miner Host Preference
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Hydrilla verticillata
(monoecious)
Elodea canadensis
Najas guadalupensis
Egeria densa Hydrilla verticillata
Chara vulgaris Potamogeton illinoensis
Ceratophyllum demersum
Vallisneria americana
Sagittaria kurziana
Eleocharis baldwinii
Utricularia macrorhiza
S
urvi
val
d d
d
cd
cd
bcd
b
ab
ab a a
Hydrilla Miner Host Preference
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Hydrilla verticillata
(monoecious)
Elodea canadensis
Najas guadalupensis
Egeria densa Hydrilla verticillata
Chara vulgaris Potamogeton illinoensis
Ceratophyllum demersum
Vallisneria americana
Sagittaria kurziana
Eleocharis baldwinii
Utricularia macrorhiza
S
urvi
val
d d
d
cd
cd
bcd
b
ab
ab a a
Grass Carp Preference bull Hydrilla bull Musk-grass bull Southern Naiad bull Brazilian elodea
Larva and Associated Tip Damage
Credit D Denson RCID
Block 1 Control Block 1 Midge
Lake Rowell Bradford Co September 2010
Changing Hydrillarsquos Architecture
Imazamox
Cl Miner
Mt Fungus
Management Goals bull Integrate Insect Fungus amp Herbicide = IPM bull Eliminate Adverse Effects of Surface Mats bull Reduce Reliance on Herbicides bull Create More Favorable Habitat
httpentomologyifasufleduhydrillaindexshtml
Hydrilla IPM Project
Outline bull Historical Perspective bull Current Activities bull Questions Comments
- BioControl of Waterhyacinth and Hydrilla
- Acknowledgements
- Outline
- Outline
- Waterhyacinth Worldwide Distribution
- Waterhyacinth amp BioControl in FL
- Waterhyacinth Mite amp Moth
- Waterhyacinth Weevils
- S Florida Canal- 1980s
- S Florida Canal- 1980s
- Water Hyacinath FungusCercospora piaropi
- Integrating Weevils amp Fungus
- Outline
- Waterhyacinth- New Agent
- Slide Number 15
- Slide Number 16
- Outline
- Worldwide Distribution of Hydrilla
- Hydrilla amp BioControl in Florida
- Augmentative BioControl
- Slide Number 21
- Slide Number 22
- Fortuitous (Adventive) BioControl
- Fortuitous Hydrilla BioControl
- Importation (Classical) BioControl
- Classical Hydrilla BioControl
- Classical Hydrilla BioControl
- Classical Hydrilla BioControl
- Impact of Hydrellia Flies
- Slide Number 30
- Slide Number 31
- Factors Impacting Hydrellia
- Fortuitous Hydrilla BioControl Cricotopus lebetis Sublette
- Outline
- Hydrillarsquos Impact on Wildlife
- Hydrilla Discovered in NY
- Slide Number 37
- ldquoIdealrdquo Hydrilla BioControl Agent
- The Hydrilla Miner
- Life Cycle of Hydrilla Miner
- Hydrilla Miner Host Preference
- Hydrilla Miner Host Preference
- Slide Number 43
- Slide Number 44
- Slide Number 45
- Slide Number 46
- Management Goals
- Hydrilla IPM Project
- Outline
-
Classical Hydrilla BioControl
Hydrilla Tuber Weevil Bagous affinis
Classical Hydrilla BioControl
Hydrilla Stem Borer Bagous hydrillae
Classical Hydrilla BioControl
Hydrilla Leaf Miners Hydrellia spp
Impact of Hydrellia Flies
Photo credit M Grodowitz ERDC Doyle et al (2002)
Factors Impacting Hydrellia
y = -53114x + 23004R2 = 05772
0
400
800
1200
1600
2000
20 25 30 35 40 45
MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE (oC)
DEN
SITY
bull Hydrilla Mat Surface Temperature
Factors Impacting Hydrellia bull Predation by Damselfly amp Dragonfly Naiads
0200400600800
10001200140016001800
6-Jul-
95
4-Aug-9
5
13-S
ep-95
12-O
ct-95
9-Nov
-95
13-D
ec-95
29-Ja
n-96
28-Feb
-96
27-M
ar-96
29-A
pr-96
29-M
ay-96
25-Ju
n-96
24-Ju
l-96
27-A
ug-96
25-S
ep-96
22-O
ct-96
25-N
ov-96
28-Ja
n-97
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
HP LARVAE
DRAGONFLY NAIADS
UK
HYD
REL
LIA
DEN
SITY
(no
m
2 ) D
RAG
ON
FLY DEN
SITY (no m2)
Factors Impacting Hydrellia
bull Parasitism ndash Significant ndash Upwards of 30
bull Late in growing season
ndash Pupal parasitoid behavior
bull Selects wide range bull Stage chosen = most successful
TRICHOPRIA WASP
Photo credit M Grodowitz ERDC
bull Midge Discovered in Crystal River 1992
bull Identified Dec 1998 ndash Collected in 1959
Natchitoches LA ndash Described 1964 ndash Hydrilla in Louisiana ndash Natchitoches1973
bull Immigrant or Native Species
Male
Fortuitous Hydrilla BioControl Cricotopus lebetis Sublette
Outline bull Current Activities Hydrilla BioControl
Hydrillarsquos Impact on Wildlife Algae-Harboring Hydrilla
Causing Bald Eagle Deaths in the Southeast
httpanimaldiscoverycomguideswild-birdsa-camerican-coothtml
httpihuntcomgamewaterfowlring-necked-duck
httpapms-blogblogspotcom201203state-budget-has-hydrilla-moneyhtml
THURSDAY MARCH 29 2012 State budget has hydrilla money Source ithacajournalcom (New York) Date Published 03292012 The new state budget includes $800000 to help local efforts to stop the invasive aquatic plant hydrilla which was found last year in Cayuga Inlet Ithaca-area state senators announced Wednesday
httpapms-blogblogspotcom201203state-budget-has-hydrilla-moneyhtml
Hydrilla Discovered in NY
cpDNA haplotypes
China F
China G
China H
Japan
Indonesia
Taiwan
12
19
1 China E 6
5
3
4
2
7
10 19
China A
China C
Korea NE USA
Australia New Zealand
11
1
11
1 China B
India
China J China I Poland
China D
Florida Texas California Louisiana
Africa India Panama Pakistan
22
11
Hydrilla Genetic Studies
Williams et al unpubl
ldquoIdealrdquo Hydrilla BioControl Agent bull Narrow Host Range (=Safety)- Specialists bull Damages Vital Plant Tissues (=Individual Effect) bull Reproductively Prolific (=Population Effect) bull Entire Life Cycle on Submersed Hydrilla bull Amenable to Local Conditions (=Climate Match
amp Habitat Conditions) bull Thrives on Local Hydrilla (Biotype Match) bull Protected from Predators (=Endophagous)
Source TD Center USDA-ARS
The Hydrilla Miner
bull Tip- mining Midge - Larvae Feed on Living
Plant Tissue - Rare Occurrence
bull Prevents ldquotopping outrdquo bull Naturalized in Florida
- No Swarms - Low Dispersal Distance - Easily Mass Reared
Female
Larva
Life Cycle of Hydrilla Miner
Female
Larva
Pupa
Egg
Cuda et al (1999 2002)
Hydrilla Miner Host Preference
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Hydrilla verticillata
(monoecious)
Elodea canadensis
Najas guadalupensis
Egeria densa Hydrilla verticillata
Chara vulgaris Potamogeton illinoensis
Ceratophyllum demersum
Vallisneria americana
Sagittaria kurziana
Eleocharis baldwinii
Utricularia macrorhiza
S
urvi
val
d d
d
cd
cd
bcd
b
ab
ab a a
Hydrilla Miner Host Preference
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Hydrilla verticillata
(monoecious)
Elodea canadensis
Najas guadalupensis
Egeria densa Hydrilla verticillata
Chara vulgaris Potamogeton illinoensis
Ceratophyllum demersum
Vallisneria americana
Sagittaria kurziana
Eleocharis baldwinii
Utricularia macrorhiza
S
urvi
val
d d
d
cd
cd
bcd
b
ab
ab a a
Grass Carp Preference bull Hydrilla bull Musk-grass bull Southern Naiad bull Brazilian elodea
Larva and Associated Tip Damage
Credit D Denson RCID
Block 1 Control Block 1 Midge
Lake Rowell Bradford Co September 2010
Changing Hydrillarsquos Architecture
Imazamox
Cl Miner
Mt Fungus
Management Goals bull Integrate Insect Fungus amp Herbicide = IPM bull Eliminate Adverse Effects of Surface Mats bull Reduce Reliance on Herbicides bull Create More Favorable Habitat
httpentomologyifasufleduhydrillaindexshtml
Hydrilla IPM Project
Outline bull Historical Perspective bull Current Activities bull Questions Comments
- BioControl of Waterhyacinth and Hydrilla
- Acknowledgements
- Outline
- Outline
- Waterhyacinth Worldwide Distribution
- Waterhyacinth amp BioControl in FL
- Waterhyacinth Mite amp Moth
- Waterhyacinth Weevils
- S Florida Canal- 1980s
- S Florida Canal- 1980s
- Water Hyacinath FungusCercospora piaropi
- Integrating Weevils amp Fungus
- Outline
- Waterhyacinth- New Agent
- Slide Number 15
- Slide Number 16
- Outline
- Worldwide Distribution of Hydrilla
- Hydrilla amp BioControl in Florida
- Augmentative BioControl
- Slide Number 21
- Slide Number 22
- Fortuitous (Adventive) BioControl
- Fortuitous Hydrilla BioControl
- Importation (Classical) BioControl
- Classical Hydrilla BioControl
- Classical Hydrilla BioControl
- Classical Hydrilla BioControl
- Impact of Hydrellia Flies
- Slide Number 30
- Slide Number 31
- Factors Impacting Hydrellia
- Fortuitous Hydrilla BioControl Cricotopus lebetis Sublette
- Outline
- Hydrillarsquos Impact on Wildlife
- Hydrilla Discovered in NY
- Slide Number 37
- ldquoIdealrdquo Hydrilla BioControl Agent
- The Hydrilla Miner
- Life Cycle of Hydrilla Miner
- Hydrilla Miner Host Preference
- Hydrilla Miner Host Preference
- Slide Number 43
- Slide Number 44
- Slide Number 45
- Slide Number 46
- Management Goals
- Hydrilla IPM Project
- Outline
-
Classical Hydrilla BioControl
Hydrilla Stem Borer Bagous hydrillae
Classical Hydrilla BioControl
Hydrilla Leaf Miners Hydrellia spp
Impact of Hydrellia Flies
Photo credit M Grodowitz ERDC Doyle et al (2002)
Factors Impacting Hydrellia
y = -53114x + 23004R2 = 05772
0
400
800
1200
1600
2000
20 25 30 35 40 45
MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE (oC)
DEN
SITY
bull Hydrilla Mat Surface Temperature
Factors Impacting Hydrellia bull Predation by Damselfly amp Dragonfly Naiads
0200400600800
10001200140016001800
6-Jul-
95
4-Aug-9
5
13-S
ep-95
12-O
ct-95
9-Nov
-95
13-D
ec-95
29-Ja
n-96
28-Feb
-96
27-M
ar-96
29-A
pr-96
29-M
ay-96
25-Ju
n-96
24-Ju
l-96
27-A
ug-96
25-S
ep-96
22-O
ct-96
25-N
ov-96
28-Ja
n-97
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
HP LARVAE
DRAGONFLY NAIADS
UK
HYD
REL
LIA
DEN
SITY
(no
m
2 ) D
RAG
ON
FLY DEN
SITY (no m2)
Factors Impacting Hydrellia
bull Parasitism ndash Significant ndash Upwards of 30
bull Late in growing season
ndash Pupal parasitoid behavior
bull Selects wide range bull Stage chosen = most successful
TRICHOPRIA WASP
Photo credit M Grodowitz ERDC
bull Midge Discovered in Crystal River 1992
bull Identified Dec 1998 ndash Collected in 1959
Natchitoches LA ndash Described 1964 ndash Hydrilla in Louisiana ndash Natchitoches1973
bull Immigrant or Native Species
Male
Fortuitous Hydrilla BioControl Cricotopus lebetis Sublette
Outline bull Current Activities Hydrilla BioControl
Hydrillarsquos Impact on Wildlife Algae-Harboring Hydrilla
Causing Bald Eagle Deaths in the Southeast
httpanimaldiscoverycomguideswild-birdsa-camerican-coothtml
httpihuntcomgamewaterfowlring-necked-duck
httpapms-blogblogspotcom201203state-budget-has-hydrilla-moneyhtml
THURSDAY MARCH 29 2012 State budget has hydrilla money Source ithacajournalcom (New York) Date Published 03292012 The new state budget includes $800000 to help local efforts to stop the invasive aquatic plant hydrilla which was found last year in Cayuga Inlet Ithaca-area state senators announced Wednesday
httpapms-blogblogspotcom201203state-budget-has-hydrilla-moneyhtml
Hydrilla Discovered in NY
cpDNA haplotypes
China F
China G
China H
Japan
Indonesia
Taiwan
12
19
1 China E 6
5
3
4
2
7
10 19
China A
China C
Korea NE USA
Australia New Zealand
11
1
11
1 China B
India
China J China I Poland
China D
Florida Texas California Louisiana
Africa India Panama Pakistan
22
11
Hydrilla Genetic Studies
Williams et al unpubl
ldquoIdealrdquo Hydrilla BioControl Agent bull Narrow Host Range (=Safety)- Specialists bull Damages Vital Plant Tissues (=Individual Effect) bull Reproductively Prolific (=Population Effect) bull Entire Life Cycle on Submersed Hydrilla bull Amenable to Local Conditions (=Climate Match
amp Habitat Conditions) bull Thrives on Local Hydrilla (Biotype Match) bull Protected from Predators (=Endophagous)
Source TD Center USDA-ARS
The Hydrilla Miner
bull Tip- mining Midge - Larvae Feed on Living
Plant Tissue - Rare Occurrence
bull Prevents ldquotopping outrdquo bull Naturalized in Florida
- No Swarms - Low Dispersal Distance - Easily Mass Reared
Female
Larva
Life Cycle of Hydrilla Miner
Female
Larva
Pupa
Egg
Cuda et al (1999 2002)
Hydrilla Miner Host Preference
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Hydrilla verticillata
(monoecious)
Elodea canadensis
Najas guadalupensis
Egeria densa Hydrilla verticillata
Chara vulgaris Potamogeton illinoensis
Ceratophyllum demersum
Vallisneria americana
Sagittaria kurziana
Eleocharis baldwinii
Utricularia macrorhiza
S
urvi
val
d d
d
cd
cd
bcd
b
ab
ab a a
Hydrilla Miner Host Preference
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Hydrilla verticillata
(monoecious)
Elodea canadensis
Najas guadalupensis
Egeria densa Hydrilla verticillata
Chara vulgaris Potamogeton illinoensis
Ceratophyllum demersum
Vallisneria americana
Sagittaria kurziana
Eleocharis baldwinii
Utricularia macrorhiza
S
urvi
val
d d
d
cd
cd
bcd
b
ab
ab a a
Grass Carp Preference bull Hydrilla bull Musk-grass bull Southern Naiad bull Brazilian elodea
Larva and Associated Tip Damage
Credit D Denson RCID
Block 1 Control Block 1 Midge
Lake Rowell Bradford Co September 2010
Changing Hydrillarsquos Architecture
Imazamox
Cl Miner
Mt Fungus
Management Goals bull Integrate Insect Fungus amp Herbicide = IPM bull Eliminate Adverse Effects of Surface Mats bull Reduce Reliance on Herbicides bull Create More Favorable Habitat
httpentomologyifasufleduhydrillaindexshtml
Hydrilla IPM Project
Outline bull Historical Perspective bull Current Activities bull Questions Comments
- BioControl of Waterhyacinth and Hydrilla
- Acknowledgements
- Outline
- Outline
- Waterhyacinth Worldwide Distribution
- Waterhyacinth amp BioControl in FL
- Waterhyacinth Mite amp Moth
- Waterhyacinth Weevils
- S Florida Canal- 1980s
- S Florida Canal- 1980s
- Water Hyacinath FungusCercospora piaropi
- Integrating Weevils amp Fungus
- Outline
- Waterhyacinth- New Agent
- Slide Number 15
- Slide Number 16
- Outline
- Worldwide Distribution of Hydrilla
- Hydrilla amp BioControl in Florida
- Augmentative BioControl
- Slide Number 21
- Slide Number 22
- Fortuitous (Adventive) BioControl
- Fortuitous Hydrilla BioControl
- Importation (Classical) BioControl
- Classical Hydrilla BioControl
- Classical Hydrilla BioControl
- Classical Hydrilla BioControl
- Impact of Hydrellia Flies
- Slide Number 30
- Slide Number 31
- Factors Impacting Hydrellia
- Fortuitous Hydrilla BioControl Cricotopus lebetis Sublette
- Outline
- Hydrillarsquos Impact on Wildlife
- Hydrilla Discovered in NY
- Slide Number 37
- ldquoIdealrdquo Hydrilla BioControl Agent
- The Hydrilla Miner
- Life Cycle of Hydrilla Miner
- Hydrilla Miner Host Preference
- Hydrilla Miner Host Preference
- Slide Number 43
- Slide Number 44
- Slide Number 45
- Slide Number 46
- Management Goals
- Hydrilla IPM Project
- Outline
-
Classical Hydrilla BioControl
Hydrilla Leaf Miners Hydrellia spp
Impact of Hydrellia Flies
Photo credit M Grodowitz ERDC Doyle et al (2002)
Factors Impacting Hydrellia
y = -53114x + 23004R2 = 05772
0
400
800
1200
1600
2000
20 25 30 35 40 45
MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE (oC)
DEN
SITY
bull Hydrilla Mat Surface Temperature
Factors Impacting Hydrellia bull Predation by Damselfly amp Dragonfly Naiads
0200400600800
10001200140016001800
6-Jul-
95
4-Aug-9
5
13-S
ep-95
12-O
ct-95
9-Nov
-95
13-D
ec-95
29-Ja
n-96
28-Feb
-96
27-M
ar-96
29-A
pr-96
29-M
ay-96
25-Ju
n-96
24-Ju
l-96
27-A
ug-96
25-S
ep-96
22-O
ct-96
25-N
ov-96
28-Ja
n-97
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
HP LARVAE
DRAGONFLY NAIADS
UK
HYD
REL
LIA
DEN
SITY
(no
m
2 ) D
RAG
ON
FLY DEN
SITY (no m2)
Factors Impacting Hydrellia
bull Parasitism ndash Significant ndash Upwards of 30
bull Late in growing season
ndash Pupal parasitoid behavior
bull Selects wide range bull Stage chosen = most successful
TRICHOPRIA WASP
Photo credit M Grodowitz ERDC
bull Midge Discovered in Crystal River 1992
bull Identified Dec 1998 ndash Collected in 1959
Natchitoches LA ndash Described 1964 ndash Hydrilla in Louisiana ndash Natchitoches1973
bull Immigrant or Native Species
Male
Fortuitous Hydrilla BioControl Cricotopus lebetis Sublette
Outline bull Current Activities Hydrilla BioControl
Hydrillarsquos Impact on Wildlife Algae-Harboring Hydrilla
Causing Bald Eagle Deaths in the Southeast
httpanimaldiscoverycomguideswild-birdsa-camerican-coothtml
httpihuntcomgamewaterfowlring-necked-duck
httpapms-blogblogspotcom201203state-budget-has-hydrilla-moneyhtml
THURSDAY MARCH 29 2012 State budget has hydrilla money Source ithacajournalcom (New York) Date Published 03292012 The new state budget includes $800000 to help local efforts to stop the invasive aquatic plant hydrilla which was found last year in Cayuga Inlet Ithaca-area state senators announced Wednesday
httpapms-blogblogspotcom201203state-budget-has-hydrilla-moneyhtml
Hydrilla Discovered in NY
cpDNA haplotypes
China F
China G
China H
Japan
Indonesia
Taiwan
12
19
1 China E 6
5
3
4
2
7
10 19
China A
China C
Korea NE USA
Australia New Zealand
11
1
11
1 China B
India
China J China I Poland
China D
Florida Texas California Louisiana
Africa India Panama Pakistan
22
11
Hydrilla Genetic Studies
Williams et al unpubl
ldquoIdealrdquo Hydrilla BioControl Agent bull Narrow Host Range (=Safety)- Specialists bull Damages Vital Plant Tissues (=Individual Effect) bull Reproductively Prolific (=Population Effect) bull Entire Life Cycle on Submersed Hydrilla bull Amenable to Local Conditions (=Climate Match
amp Habitat Conditions) bull Thrives on Local Hydrilla (Biotype Match) bull Protected from Predators (=Endophagous)
Source TD Center USDA-ARS
The Hydrilla Miner
bull Tip- mining Midge - Larvae Feed on Living
Plant Tissue - Rare Occurrence
bull Prevents ldquotopping outrdquo bull Naturalized in Florida
- No Swarms - Low Dispersal Distance - Easily Mass Reared
Female
Larva
Life Cycle of Hydrilla Miner
Female
Larva
Pupa
Egg
Cuda et al (1999 2002)
Hydrilla Miner Host Preference
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Hydrilla verticillata
(monoecious)
Elodea canadensis
Najas guadalupensis
Egeria densa Hydrilla verticillata
Chara vulgaris Potamogeton illinoensis
Ceratophyllum demersum
Vallisneria americana
Sagittaria kurziana
Eleocharis baldwinii
Utricularia macrorhiza
S
urvi
val
d d
d
cd
cd
bcd
b
ab
ab a a
Hydrilla Miner Host Preference
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Hydrilla verticillata
(monoecious)
Elodea canadensis
Najas guadalupensis
Egeria densa Hydrilla verticillata
Chara vulgaris Potamogeton illinoensis
Ceratophyllum demersum
Vallisneria americana
Sagittaria kurziana
Eleocharis baldwinii
Utricularia macrorhiza
S
urvi
val
d d
d
cd
cd
bcd
b
ab
ab a a
Grass Carp Preference bull Hydrilla bull Musk-grass bull Southern Naiad bull Brazilian elodea
Larva and Associated Tip Damage
Credit D Denson RCID
Block 1 Control Block 1 Midge
Lake Rowell Bradford Co September 2010
Changing Hydrillarsquos Architecture
Imazamox
Cl Miner
Mt Fungus
Management Goals bull Integrate Insect Fungus amp Herbicide = IPM bull Eliminate Adverse Effects of Surface Mats bull Reduce Reliance on Herbicides bull Create More Favorable Habitat
httpentomologyifasufleduhydrillaindexshtml
Hydrilla IPM Project
Outline bull Historical Perspective bull Current Activities bull Questions Comments
- BioControl of Waterhyacinth and Hydrilla
- Acknowledgements
- Outline
- Outline
- Waterhyacinth Worldwide Distribution
- Waterhyacinth amp BioControl in FL
- Waterhyacinth Mite amp Moth
- Waterhyacinth Weevils
- S Florida Canal- 1980s
- S Florida Canal- 1980s
- Water Hyacinath FungusCercospora piaropi
- Integrating Weevils amp Fungus
- Outline
- Waterhyacinth- New Agent
- Slide Number 15
- Slide Number 16
- Outline
- Worldwide Distribution of Hydrilla
- Hydrilla amp BioControl in Florida
- Augmentative BioControl
- Slide Number 21
- Slide Number 22
- Fortuitous (Adventive) BioControl
- Fortuitous Hydrilla BioControl
- Importation (Classical) BioControl
- Classical Hydrilla BioControl
- Classical Hydrilla BioControl
- Classical Hydrilla BioControl
- Impact of Hydrellia Flies
- Slide Number 30
- Slide Number 31
- Factors Impacting Hydrellia
- Fortuitous Hydrilla BioControl Cricotopus lebetis Sublette
- Outline
- Hydrillarsquos Impact on Wildlife
- Hydrilla Discovered in NY
- Slide Number 37
- ldquoIdealrdquo Hydrilla BioControl Agent
- The Hydrilla Miner
- Life Cycle of Hydrilla Miner
- Hydrilla Miner Host Preference
- Hydrilla Miner Host Preference
- Slide Number 43
- Slide Number 44
- Slide Number 45
- Slide Number 46
- Management Goals
- Hydrilla IPM Project
- Outline
-
Impact of Hydrellia Flies
Photo credit M Grodowitz ERDC Doyle et al (2002)
Factors Impacting Hydrellia
y = -53114x + 23004R2 = 05772
0
400
800
1200
1600
2000
20 25 30 35 40 45
MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE (oC)
DEN
SITY
bull Hydrilla Mat Surface Temperature
Factors Impacting Hydrellia bull Predation by Damselfly amp Dragonfly Naiads
0200400600800
10001200140016001800
6-Jul-
95
4-Aug-9
5
13-S
ep-95
12-O
ct-95
9-Nov
-95
13-D
ec-95
29-Ja
n-96
28-Feb
-96
27-M
ar-96
29-A
pr-96
29-M
ay-96
25-Ju
n-96
24-Ju
l-96
27-A
ug-96
25-S
ep-96
22-O
ct-96
25-N
ov-96
28-Ja
n-97
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
HP LARVAE
DRAGONFLY NAIADS
UK
HYD
REL
LIA
DEN
SITY
(no
m
2 ) D
RAG
ON
FLY DEN
SITY (no m2)
Factors Impacting Hydrellia
bull Parasitism ndash Significant ndash Upwards of 30
bull Late in growing season
ndash Pupal parasitoid behavior
bull Selects wide range bull Stage chosen = most successful
TRICHOPRIA WASP
Photo credit M Grodowitz ERDC
bull Midge Discovered in Crystal River 1992
bull Identified Dec 1998 ndash Collected in 1959
Natchitoches LA ndash Described 1964 ndash Hydrilla in Louisiana ndash Natchitoches1973
bull Immigrant or Native Species
Male
Fortuitous Hydrilla BioControl Cricotopus lebetis Sublette
Outline bull Current Activities Hydrilla BioControl
Hydrillarsquos Impact on Wildlife Algae-Harboring Hydrilla
Causing Bald Eagle Deaths in the Southeast
httpanimaldiscoverycomguideswild-birdsa-camerican-coothtml
httpihuntcomgamewaterfowlring-necked-duck
httpapms-blogblogspotcom201203state-budget-has-hydrilla-moneyhtml
THURSDAY MARCH 29 2012 State budget has hydrilla money Source ithacajournalcom (New York) Date Published 03292012 The new state budget includes $800000 to help local efforts to stop the invasive aquatic plant hydrilla which was found last year in Cayuga Inlet Ithaca-area state senators announced Wednesday
httpapms-blogblogspotcom201203state-budget-has-hydrilla-moneyhtml
Hydrilla Discovered in NY
cpDNA haplotypes
China F
China G
China H
Japan
Indonesia
Taiwan
12
19
1 China E 6
5
3
4
2
7
10 19
China A
China C
Korea NE USA
Australia New Zealand
11
1
11
1 China B
India
China J China I Poland
China D
Florida Texas California Louisiana
Africa India Panama Pakistan
22
11
Hydrilla Genetic Studies
Williams et al unpubl
ldquoIdealrdquo Hydrilla BioControl Agent bull Narrow Host Range (=Safety)- Specialists bull Damages Vital Plant Tissues (=Individual Effect) bull Reproductively Prolific (=Population Effect) bull Entire Life Cycle on Submersed Hydrilla bull Amenable to Local Conditions (=Climate Match
amp Habitat Conditions) bull Thrives on Local Hydrilla (Biotype Match) bull Protected from Predators (=Endophagous)
Source TD Center USDA-ARS
The Hydrilla Miner
bull Tip- mining Midge - Larvae Feed on Living
Plant Tissue - Rare Occurrence
bull Prevents ldquotopping outrdquo bull Naturalized in Florida
- No Swarms - Low Dispersal Distance - Easily Mass Reared
Female
Larva
Life Cycle of Hydrilla Miner
Female
Larva
Pupa
Egg
Cuda et al (1999 2002)
Hydrilla Miner Host Preference
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Hydrilla verticillata
(monoecious)
Elodea canadensis
Najas guadalupensis
Egeria densa Hydrilla verticillata
Chara vulgaris Potamogeton illinoensis
Ceratophyllum demersum
Vallisneria americana
Sagittaria kurziana
Eleocharis baldwinii
Utricularia macrorhiza
S
urvi
val
d d
d
cd
cd
bcd
b
ab
ab a a
Hydrilla Miner Host Preference
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Hydrilla verticillata
(monoecious)
Elodea canadensis
Najas guadalupensis
Egeria densa Hydrilla verticillata
Chara vulgaris Potamogeton illinoensis
Ceratophyllum demersum
Vallisneria americana
Sagittaria kurziana
Eleocharis baldwinii
Utricularia macrorhiza
S
urvi
val
d d
d
cd
cd
bcd
b
ab
ab a a
Grass Carp Preference bull Hydrilla bull Musk-grass bull Southern Naiad bull Brazilian elodea
Larva and Associated Tip Damage
Credit D Denson RCID
Block 1 Control Block 1 Midge
Lake Rowell Bradford Co September 2010
Changing Hydrillarsquos Architecture
Imazamox
Cl Miner
Mt Fungus
Management Goals bull Integrate Insect Fungus amp Herbicide = IPM bull Eliminate Adverse Effects of Surface Mats bull Reduce Reliance on Herbicides bull Create More Favorable Habitat
httpentomologyifasufleduhydrillaindexshtml
Hydrilla IPM Project
Outline bull Historical Perspective bull Current Activities bull Questions Comments
- BioControl of Waterhyacinth and Hydrilla
- Acknowledgements
- Outline
- Outline
- Waterhyacinth Worldwide Distribution
- Waterhyacinth amp BioControl in FL
- Waterhyacinth Mite amp Moth
- Waterhyacinth Weevils
- S Florida Canal- 1980s
- S Florida Canal- 1980s
- Water Hyacinath FungusCercospora piaropi
- Integrating Weevils amp Fungus
- Outline
- Waterhyacinth- New Agent
- Slide Number 15
- Slide Number 16
- Outline
- Worldwide Distribution of Hydrilla
- Hydrilla amp BioControl in Florida
- Augmentative BioControl
- Slide Number 21
- Slide Number 22
- Fortuitous (Adventive) BioControl
- Fortuitous Hydrilla BioControl
- Importation (Classical) BioControl
- Classical Hydrilla BioControl
- Classical Hydrilla BioControl
- Classical Hydrilla BioControl
- Impact of Hydrellia Flies
- Slide Number 30
- Slide Number 31
- Factors Impacting Hydrellia
- Fortuitous Hydrilla BioControl Cricotopus lebetis Sublette
- Outline
- Hydrillarsquos Impact on Wildlife
- Hydrilla Discovered in NY
- Slide Number 37
- ldquoIdealrdquo Hydrilla BioControl Agent
- The Hydrilla Miner
- Life Cycle of Hydrilla Miner
- Hydrilla Miner Host Preference
- Hydrilla Miner Host Preference
- Slide Number 43
- Slide Number 44
- Slide Number 45
- Slide Number 46
- Management Goals
- Hydrilla IPM Project
- Outline
-
Factors Impacting Hydrellia
y = -53114x + 23004R2 = 05772
0
400
800
1200
1600
2000
20 25 30 35 40 45
MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE (oC)
DEN
SITY
bull Hydrilla Mat Surface Temperature
Factors Impacting Hydrellia bull Predation by Damselfly amp Dragonfly Naiads
0200400600800
10001200140016001800
6-Jul-
95
4-Aug-9
5
13-S
ep-95
12-O
ct-95
9-Nov
-95
13-D
ec-95
29-Ja
n-96
28-Feb
-96
27-M
ar-96
29-A
pr-96
29-M
ay-96
25-Ju
n-96
24-Ju
l-96
27-A
ug-96
25-S
ep-96
22-O
ct-96
25-N
ov-96
28-Ja
n-97
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
HP LARVAE
DRAGONFLY NAIADS
UK
HYD
REL
LIA
DEN
SITY
(no
m
2 ) D
RAG
ON
FLY DEN
SITY (no m2)
Factors Impacting Hydrellia
bull Parasitism ndash Significant ndash Upwards of 30
bull Late in growing season
ndash Pupal parasitoid behavior
bull Selects wide range bull Stage chosen = most successful
TRICHOPRIA WASP
Photo credit M Grodowitz ERDC
bull Midge Discovered in Crystal River 1992
bull Identified Dec 1998 ndash Collected in 1959
Natchitoches LA ndash Described 1964 ndash Hydrilla in Louisiana ndash Natchitoches1973
bull Immigrant or Native Species
Male
Fortuitous Hydrilla BioControl Cricotopus lebetis Sublette
Outline bull Current Activities Hydrilla BioControl
Hydrillarsquos Impact on Wildlife Algae-Harboring Hydrilla
Causing Bald Eagle Deaths in the Southeast
httpanimaldiscoverycomguideswild-birdsa-camerican-coothtml
httpihuntcomgamewaterfowlring-necked-duck
httpapms-blogblogspotcom201203state-budget-has-hydrilla-moneyhtml
THURSDAY MARCH 29 2012 State budget has hydrilla money Source ithacajournalcom (New York) Date Published 03292012 The new state budget includes $800000 to help local efforts to stop the invasive aquatic plant hydrilla which was found last year in Cayuga Inlet Ithaca-area state senators announced Wednesday
httpapms-blogblogspotcom201203state-budget-has-hydrilla-moneyhtml
Hydrilla Discovered in NY
cpDNA haplotypes
China F
China G
China H
Japan
Indonesia
Taiwan
12
19
1 China E 6
5
3
4
2
7
10 19
China A
China C
Korea NE USA
Australia New Zealand
11
1
11
1 China B
India
China J China I Poland
China D
Florida Texas California Louisiana
Africa India Panama Pakistan
22
11
Hydrilla Genetic Studies
Williams et al unpubl
ldquoIdealrdquo Hydrilla BioControl Agent bull Narrow Host Range (=Safety)- Specialists bull Damages Vital Plant Tissues (=Individual Effect) bull Reproductively Prolific (=Population Effect) bull Entire Life Cycle on Submersed Hydrilla bull Amenable to Local Conditions (=Climate Match
amp Habitat Conditions) bull Thrives on Local Hydrilla (Biotype Match) bull Protected from Predators (=Endophagous)
Source TD Center USDA-ARS
The Hydrilla Miner
bull Tip- mining Midge - Larvae Feed on Living
Plant Tissue - Rare Occurrence
bull Prevents ldquotopping outrdquo bull Naturalized in Florida
- No Swarms - Low Dispersal Distance - Easily Mass Reared
Female
Larva
Life Cycle of Hydrilla Miner
Female
Larva
Pupa
Egg
Cuda et al (1999 2002)
Hydrilla Miner Host Preference
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Hydrilla verticillata
(monoecious)
Elodea canadensis
Najas guadalupensis
Egeria densa Hydrilla verticillata
Chara vulgaris Potamogeton illinoensis
Ceratophyllum demersum
Vallisneria americana
Sagittaria kurziana
Eleocharis baldwinii
Utricularia macrorhiza
S
urvi
val
d d
d
cd
cd
bcd
b
ab
ab a a
Hydrilla Miner Host Preference
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Hydrilla verticillata
(monoecious)
Elodea canadensis
Najas guadalupensis
Egeria densa Hydrilla verticillata
Chara vulgaris Potamogeton illinoensis
Ceratophyllum demersum
Vallisneria americana
Sagittaria kurziana
Eleocharis baldwinii
Utricularia macrorhiza
S
urvi
val
d d
d
cd
cd
bcd
b
ab
ab a a
Grass Carp Preference bull Hydrilla bull Musk-grass bull Southern Naiad bull Brazilian elodea
Larva and Associated Tip Damage
Credit D Denson RCID
Block 1 Control Block 1 Midge
Lake Rowell Bradford Co September 2010
Changing Hydrillarsquos Architecture
Imazamox
Cl Miner
Mt Fungus
Management Goals bull Integrate Insect Fungus amp Herbicide = IPM bull Eliminate Adverse Effects of Surface Mats bull Reduce Reliance on Herbicides bull Create More Favorable Habitat
httpentomologyifasufleduhydrillaindexshtml
Hydrilla IPM Project
Outline bull Historical Perspective bull Current Activities bull Questions Comments
- BioControl of Waterhyacinth and Hydrilla
- Acknowledgements
- Outline
- Outline
- Waterhyacinth Worldwide Distribution
- Waterhyacinth amp BioControl in FL
- Waterhyacinth Mite amp Moth
- Waterhyacinth Weevils
- S Florida Canal- 1980s
- S Florida Canal- 1980s
- Water Hyacinath FungusCercospora piaropi
- Integrating Weevils amp Fungus
- Outline
- Waterhyacinth- New Agent
- Slide Number 15
- Slide Number 16
- Outline
- Worldwide Distribution of Hydrilla
- Hydrilla amp BioControl in Florida
- Augmentative BioControl
- Slide Number 21
- Slide Number 22
- Fortuitous (Adventive) BioControl
- Fortuitous Hydrilla BioControl
- Importation (Classical) BioControl
- Classical Hydrilla BioControl
- Classical Hydrilla BioControl
- Classical Hydrilla BioControl
- Impact of Hydrellia Flies
- Slide Number 30
- Slide Number 31
- Factors Impacting Hydrellia
- Fortuitous Hydrilla BioControl Cricotopus lebetis Sublette
- Outline
- Hydrillarsquos Impact on Wildlife
- Hydrilla Discovered in NY
- Slide Number 37
- ldquoIdealrdquo Hydrilla BioControl Agent
- The Hydrilla Miner
- Life Cycle of Hydrilla Miner
- Hydrilla Miner Host Preference
- Hydrilla Miner Host Preference
- Slide Number 43
- Slide Number 44
- Slide Number 45
- Slide Number 46
- Management Goals
- Hydrilla IPM Project
- Outline
-
Factors Impacting Hydrellia bull Predation by Damselfly amp Dragonfly Naiads
0200400600800
10001200140016001800
6-Jul-
95
4-Aug-9
5
13-S
ep-95
12-O
ct-95
9-Nov
-95
13-D
ec-95
29-Ja
n-96
28-Feb
-96
27-M
ar-96
29-A
pr-96
29-M
ay-96
25-Ju
n-96
24-Ju
l-96
27-A
ug-96
25-S
ep-96
22-O
ct-96
25-N
ov-96
28-Ja
n-97
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
HP LARVAE
DRAGONFLY NAIADS
UK
HYD
REL
LIA
DEN
SITY
(no
m
2 ) D
RAG
ON
FLY DEN
SITY (no m2)
Factors Impacting Hydrellia
bull Parasitism ndash Significant ndash Upwards of 30
bull Late in growing season
ndash Pupal parasitoid behavior
bull Selects wide range bull Stage chosen = most successful
TRICHOPRIA WASP
Photo credit M Grodowitz ERDC
bull Midge Discovered in Crystal River 1992
bull Identified Dec 1998 ndash Collected in 1959
Natchitoches LA ndash Described 1964 ndash Hydrilla in Louisiana ndash Natchitoches1973
bull Immigrant or Native Species
Male
Fortuitous Hydrilla BioControl Cricotopus lebetis Sublette
Outline bull Current Activities Hydrilla BioControl
Hydrillarsquos Impact on Wildlife Algae-Harboring Hydrilla
Causing Bald Eagle Deaths in the Southeast
httpanimaldiscoverycomguideswild-birdsa-camerican-coothtml
httpihuntcomgamewaterfowlring-necked-duck
httpapms-blogblogspotcom201203state-budget-has-hydrilla-moneyhtml
THURSDAY MARCH 29 2012 State budget has hydrilla money Source ithacajournalcom (New York) Date Published 03292012 The new state budget includes $800000 to help local efforts to stop the invasive aquatic plant hydrilla which was found last year in Cayuga Inlet Ithaca-area state senators announced Wednesday
httpapms-blogblogspotcom201203state-budget-has-hydrilla-moneyhtml
Hydrilla Discovered in NY
cpDNA haplotypes
China F
China G
China H
Japan
Indonesia
Taiwan
12
19
1 China E 6
5
3
4
2
7
10 19
China A
China C
Korea NE USA
Australia New Zealand
11
1
11
1 China B
India
China J China I Poland
China D
Florida Texas California Louisiana
Africa India Panama Pakistan
22
11
Hydrilla Genetic Studies
Williams et al unpubl
ldquoIdealrdquo Hydrilla BioControl Agent bull Narrow Host Range (=Safety)- Specialists bull Damages Vital Plant Tissues (=Individual Effect) bull Reproductively Prolific (=Population Effect) bull Entire Life Cycle on Submersed Hydrilla bull Amenable to Local Conditions (=Climate Match
amp Habitat Conditions) bull Thrives on Local Hydrilla (Biotype Match) bull Protected from Predators (=Endophagous)
Source TD Center USDA-ARS
The Hydrilla Miner
bull Tip- mining Midge - Larvae Feed on Living
Plant Tissue - Rare Occurrence
bull Prevents ldquotopping outrdquo bull Naturalized in Florida
- No Swarms - Low Dispersal Distance - Easily Mass Reared
Female
Larva
Life Cycle of Hydrilla Miner
Female
Larva
Pupa
Egg
Cuda et al (1999 2002)
Hydrilla Miner Host Preference
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Hydrilla verticillata
(monoecious)
Elodea canadensis
Najas guadalupensis
Egeria densa Hydrilla verticillata
Chara vulgaris Potamogeton illinoensis
Ceratophyllum demersum
Vallisneria americana
Sagittaria kurziana
Eleocharis baldwinii
Utricularia macrorhiza
S
urvi
val
d d
d
cd
cd
bcd
b
ab
ab a a
Hydrilla Miner Host Preference
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Hydrilla verticillata
(monoecious)
Elodea canadensis
Najas guadalupensis
Egeria densa Hydrilla verticillata
Chara vulgaris Potamogeton illinoensis
Ceratophyllum demersum
Vallisneria americana
Sagittaria kurziana
Eleocharis baldwinii
Utricularia macrorhiza
S
urvi
val
d d
d
cd
cd
bcd
b
ab
ab a a
Grass Carp Preference bull Hydrilla bull Musk-grass bull Southern Naiad bull Brazilian elodea
Larva and Associated Tip Damage
Credit D Denson RCID
Block 1 Control Block 1 Midge
Lake Rowell Bradford Co September 2010
Changing Hydrillarsquos Architecture
Imazamox
Cl Miner
Mt Fungus
Management Goals bull Integrate Insect Fungus amp Herbicide = IPM bull Eliminate Adverse Effects of Surface Mats bull Reduce Reliance on Herbicides bull Create More Favorable Habitat
httpentomologyifasufleduhydrillaindexshtml
Hydrilla IPM Project
Outline bull Historical Perspective bull Current Activities bull Questions Comments
- BioControl of Waterhyacinth and Hydrilla
- Acknowledgements
- Outline
- Outline
- Waterhyacinth Worldwide Distribution
- Waterhyacinth amp BioControl in FL
- Waterhyacinth Mite amp Moth
- Waterhyacinth Weevils
- S Florida Canal- 1980s
- S Florida Canal- 1980s
- Water Hyacinath FungusCercospora piaropi
- Integrating Weevils amp Fungus
- Outline
- Waterhyacinth- New Agent
- Slide Number 15
- Slide Number 16
- Outline
- Worldwide Distribution of Hydrilla
- Hydrilla amp BioControl in Florida
- Augmentative BioControl
- Slide Number 21
- Slide Number 22
- Fortuitous (Adventive) BioControl
- Fortuitous Hydrilla BioControl
- Importation (Classical) BioControl
- Classical Hydrilla BioControl
- Classical Hydrilla BioControl
- Classical Hydrilla BioControl
- Impact of Hydrellia Flies
- Slide Number 30
- Slide Number 31
- Factors Impacting Hydrellia
- Fortuitous Hydrilla BioControl Cricotopus lebetis Sublette
- Outline
- Hydrillarsquos Impact on Wildlife
- Hydrilla Discovered in NY
- Slide Number 37
- ldquoIdealrdquo Hydrilla BioControl Agent
- The Hydrilla Miner
- Life Cycle of Hydrilla Miner
- Hydrilla Miner Host Preference
- Hydrilla Miner Host Preference
- Slide Number 43
- Slide Number 44
- Slide Number 45
- Slide Number 46
- Management Goals
- Hydrilla IPM Project
- Outline
-
Factors Impacting Hydrellia
bull Parasitism ndash Significant ndash Upwards of 30
bull Late in growing season
ndash Pupal parasitoid behavior
bull Selects wide range bull Stage chosen = most successful
TRICHOPRIA WASP
Photo credit M Grodowitz ERDC
bull Midge Discovered in Crystal River 1992
bull Identified Dec 1998 ndash Collected in 1959
Natchitoches LA ndash Described 1964 ndash Hydrilla in Louisiana ndash Natchitoches1973
bull Immigrant or Native Species
Male
Fortuitous Hydrilla BioControl Cricotopus lebetis Sublette
Outline bull Current Activities Hydrilla BioControl
Hydrillarsquos Impact on Wildlife Algae-Harboring Hydrilla
Causing Bald Eagle Deaths in the Southeast
httpanimaldiscoverycomguideswild-birdsa-camerican-coothtml
httpihuntcomgamewaterfowlring-necked-duck
httpapms-blogblogspotcom201203state-budget-has-hydrilla-moneyhtml
THURSDAY MARCH 29 2012 State budget has hydrilla money Source ithacajournalcom (New York) Date Published 03292012 The new state budget includes $800000 to help local efforts to stop the invasive aquatic plant hydrilla which was found last year in Cayuga Inlet Ithaca-area state senators announced Wednesday
httpapms-blogblogspotcom201203state-budget-has-hydrilla-moneyhtml
Hydrilla Discovered in NY
cpDNA haplotypes
China F
China G
China H
Japan
Indonesia
Taiwan
12
19
1 China E 6
5
3
4
2
7
10 19
China A
China C
Korea NE USA
Australia New Zealand
11
1
11
1 China B
India
China J China I Poland
China D
Florida Texas California Louisiana
Africa India Panama Pakistan
22
11
Hydrilla Genetic Studies
Williams et al unpubl
ldquoIdealrdquo Hydrilla BioControl Agent bull Narrow Host Range (=Safety)- Specialists bull Damages Vital Plant Tissues (=Individual Effect) bull Reproductively Prolific (=Population Effect) bull Entire Life Cycle on Submersed Hydrilla bull Amenable to Local Conditions (=Climate Match
amp Habitat Conditions) bull Thrives on Local Hydrilla (Biotype Match) bull Protected from Predators (=Endophagous)
Source TD Center USDA-ARS
The Hydrilla Miner
bull Tip- mining Midge - Larvae Feed on Living
Plant Tissue - Rare Occurrence
bull Prevents ldquotopping outrdquo bull Naturalized in Florida
- No Swarms - Low Dispersal Distance - Easily Mass Reared
Female
Larva
Life Cycle of Hydrilla Miner
Female
Larva
Pupa
Egg
Cuda et al (1999 2002)
Hydrilla Miner Host Preference
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Hydrilla verticillata
(monoecious)
Elodea canadensis
Najas guadalupensis
Egeria densa Hydrilla verticillata
Chara vulgaris Potamogeton illinoensis
Ceratophyllum demersum
Vallisneria americana
Sagittaria kurziana
Eleocharis baldwinii
Utricularia macrorhiza
S
urvi
val
d d
d
cd
cd
bcd
b
ab
ab a a
Hydrilla Miner Host Preference
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Hydrilla verticillata
(monoecious)
Elodea canadensis
Najas guadalupensis
Egeria densa Hydrilla verticillata
Chara vulgaris Potamogeton illinoensis
Ceratophyllum demersum
Vallisneria americana
Sagittaria kurziana
Eleocharis baldwinii
Utricularia macrorhiza
S
urvi
val
d d
d
cd
cd
bcd
b
ab
ab a a
Grass Carp Preference bull Hydrilla bull Musk-grass bull Southern Naiad bull Brazilian elodea
Larva and Associated Tip Damage
Credit D Denson RCID
Block 1 Control Block 1 Midge
Lake Rowell Bradford Co September 2010
Changing Hydrillarsquos Architecture
Imazamox
Cl Miner
Mt Fungus
Management Goals bull Integrate Insect Fungus amp Herbicide = IPM bull Eliminate Adverse Effects of Surface Mats bull Reduce Reliance on Herbicides bull Create More Favorable Habitat
httpentomologyifasufleduhydrillaindexshtml
Hydrilla IPM Project
Outline bull Historical Perspective bull Current Activities bull Questions Comments
- BioControl of Waterhyacinth and Hydrilla
- Acknowledgements
- Outline
- Outline
- Waterhyacinth Worldwide Distribution
- Waterhyacinth amp BioControl in FL
- Waterhyacinth Mite amp Moth
- Waterhyacinth Weevils
- S Florida Canal- 1980s
- S Florida Canal- 1980s
- Water Hyacinath FungusCercospora piaropi
- Integrating Weevils amp Fungus
- Outline
- Waterhyacinth- New Agent
- Slide Number 15
- Slide Number 16
- Outline
- Worldwide Distribution of Hydrilla
- Hydrilla amp BioControl in Florida
- Augmentative BioControl
- Slide Number 21
- Slide Number 22
- Fortuitous (Adventive) BioControl
- Fortuitous Hydrilla BioControl
- Importation (Classical) BioControl
- Classical Hydrilla BioControl
- Classical Hydrilla BioControl
- Classical Hydrilla BioControl
- Impact of Hydrellia Flies
- Slide Number 30
- Slide Number 31
- Factors Impacting Hydrellia
- Fortuitous Hydrilla BioControl Cricotopus lebetis Sublette
- Outline
- Hydrillarsquos Impact on Wildlife
- Hydrilla Discovered in NY
- Slide Number 37
- ldquoIdealrdquo Hydrilla BioControl Agent
- The Hydrilla Miner
- Life Cycle of Hydrilla Miner
- Hydrilla Miner Host Preference
- Hydrilla Miner Host Preference
- Slide Number 43
- Slide Number 44
- Slide Number 45
- Slide Number 46
- Management Goals
- Hydrilla IPM Project
- Outline
-
bull Midge Discovered in Crystal River 1992
bull Identified Dec 1998 ndash Collected in 1959
Natchitoches LA ndash Described 1964 ndash Hydrilla in Louisiana ndash Natchitoches1973
bull Immigrant or Native Species
Male
Fortuitous Hydrilla BioControl Cricotopus lebetis Sublette
Outline bull Current Activities Hydrilla BioControl
Hydrillarsquos Impact on Wildlife Algae-Harboring Hydrilla
Causing Bald Eagle Deaths in the Southeast
httpanimaldiscoverycomguideswild-birdsa-camerican-coothtml
httpihuntcomgamewaterfowlring-necked-duck
httpapms-blogblogspotcom201203state-budget-has-hydrilla-moneyhtml
THURSDAY MARCH 29 2012 State budget has hydrilla money Source ithacajournalcom (New York) Date Published 03292012 The new state budget includes $800000 to help local efforts to stop the invasive aquatic plant hydrilla which was found last year in Cayuga Inlet Ithaca-area state senators announced Wednesday
httpapms-blogblogspotcom201203state-budget-has-hydrilla-moneyhtml
Hydrilla Discovered in NY
cpDNA haplotypes
China F
China G
China H
Japan
Indonesia
Taiwan
12
19
1 China E 6
5
3
4
2
7
10 19
China A
China C
Korea NE USA
Australia New Zealand
11
1
11
1 China B
India
China J China I Poland
China D
Florida Texas California Louisiana
Africa India Panama Pakistan
22
11
Hydrilla Genetic Studies
Williams et al unpubl
ldquoIdealrdquo Hydrilla BioControl Agent bull Narrow Host Range (=Safety)- Specialists bull Damages Vital Plant Tissues (=Individual Effect) bull Reproductively Prolific (=Population Effect) bull Entire Life Cycle on Submersed Hydrilla bull Amenable to Local Conditions (=Climate Match
amp Habitat Conditions) bull Thrives on Local Hydrilla (Biotype Match) bull Protected from Predators (=Endophagous)
Source TD Center USDA-ARS
The Hydrilla Miner
bull Tip- mining Midge - Larvae Feed on Living
Plant Tissue - Rare Occurrence
bull Prevents ldquotopping outrdquo bull Naturalized in Florida
- No Swarms - Low Dispersal Distance - Easily Mass Reared
Female
Larva
Life Cycle of Hydrilla Miner
Female
Larva
Pupa
Egg
Cuda et al (1999 2002)
Hydrilla Miner Host Preference
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Hydrilla verticillata
(monoecious)
Elodea canadensis
Najas guadalupensis
Egeria densa Hydrilla verticillata
Chara vulgaris Potamogeton illinoensis
Ceratophyllum demersum
Vallisneria americana
Sagittaria kurziana
Eleocharis baldwinii
Utricularia macrorhiza
S
urvi
val
d d
d
cd
cd
bcd
b
ab
ab a a
Hydrilla Miner Host Preference
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Hydrilla verticillata
(monoecious)
Elodea canadensis
Najas guadalupensis
Egeria densa Hydrilla verticillata
Chara vulgaris Potamogeton illinoensis
Ceratophyllum demersum
Vallisneria americana
Sagittaria kurziana
Eleocharis baldwinii
Utricularia macrorhiza
S
urvi
val
d d
d
cd
cd
bcd
b
ab
ab a a
Grass Carp Preference bull Hydrilla bull Musk-grass bull Southern Naiad bull Brazilian elodea
Larva and Associated Tip Damage
Credit D Denson RCID
Block 1 Control Block 1 Midge
Lake Rowell Bradford Co September 2010
Changing Hydrillarsquos Architecture
Imazamox
Cl Miner
Mt Fungus
Management Goals bull Integrate Insect Fungus amp Herbicide = IPM bull Eliminate Adverse Effects of Surface Mats bull Reduce Reliance on Herbicides bull Create More Favorable Habitat
httpentomologyifasufleduhydrillaindexshtml
Hydrilla IPM Project
Outline bull Historical Perspective bull Current Activities bull Questions Comments
- BioControl of Waterhyacinth and Hydrilla
- Acknowledgements
- Outline
- Outline
- Waterhyacinth Worldwide Distribution
- Waterhyacinth amp BioControl in FL
- Waterhyacinth Mite amp Moth
- Waterhyacinth Weevils
- S Florida Canal- 1980s
- S Florida Canal- 1980s
- Water Hyacinath FungusCercospora piaropi
- Integrating Weevils amp Fungus
- Outline
- Waterhyacinth- New Agent
- Slide Number 15
- Slide Number 16
- Outline
- Worldwide Distribution of Hydrilla
- Hydrilla amp BioControl in Florida
- Augmentative BioControl
- Slide Number 21
- Slide Number 22
- Fortuitous (Adventive) BioControl
- Fortuitous Hydrilla BioControl
- Importation (Classical) BioControl
- Classical Hydrilla BioControl
- Classical Hydrilla BioControl
- Classical Hydrilla BioControl
- Impact of Hydrellia Flies
- Slide Number 30
- Slide Number 31
- Factors Impacting Hydrellia
- Fortuitous Hydrilla BioControl Cricotopus lebetis Sublette
- Outline
- Hydrillarsquos Impact on Wildlife
- Hydrilla Discovered in NY
- Slide Number 37
- ldquoIdealrdquo Hydrilla BioControl Agent
- The Hydrilla Miner
- Life Cycle of Hydrilla Miner
- Hydrilla Miner Host Preference
- Hydrilla Miner Host Preference
- Slide Number 43
- Slide Number 44
- Slide Number 45
- Slide Number 46
- Management Goals
- Hydrilla IPM Project
- Outline
-
Outline bull Current Activities Hydrilla BioControl
Hydrillarsquos Impact on Wildlife Algae-Harboring Hydrilla
Causing Bald Eagle Deaths in the Southeast
httpanimaldiscoverycomguideswild-birdsa-camerican-coothtml
httpihuntcomgamewaterfowlring-necked-duck
httpapms-blogblogspotcom201203state-budget-has-hydrilla-moneyhtml
THURSDAY MARCH 29 2012 State budget has hydrilla money Source ithacajournalcom (New York) Date Published 03292012 The new state budget includes $800000 to help local efforts to stop the invasive aquatic plant hydrilla which was found last year in Cayuga Inlet Ithaca-area state senators announced Wednesday
httpapms-blogblogspotcom201203state-budget-has-hydrilla-moneyhtml
Hydrilla Discovered in NY
cpDNA haplotypes
China F
China G
China H
Japan
Indonesia
Taiwan
12
19
1 China E 6
5
3
4
2
7
10 19
China A
China C
Korea NE USA
Australia New Zealand
11
1
11
1 China B
India
China J China I Poland
China D
Florida Texas California Louisiana
Africa India Panama Pakistan
22
11
Hydrilla Genetic Studies
Williams et al unpubl
ldquoIdealrdquo Hydrilla BioControl Agent bull Narrow Host Range (=Safety)- Specialists bull Damages Vital Plant Tissues (=Individual Effect) bull Reproductively Prolific (=Population Effect) bull Entire Life Cycle on Submersed Hydrilla bull Amenable to Local Conditions (=Climate Match
amp Habitat Conditions) bull Thrives on Local Hydrilla (Biotype Match) bull Protected from Predators (=Endophagous)
Source TD Center USDA-ARS
The Hydrilla Miner
bull Tip- mining Midge - Larvae Feed on Living
Plant Tissue - Rare Occurrence
bull Prevents ldquotopping outrdquo bull Naturalized in Florida
- No Swarms - Low Dispersal Distance - Easily Mass Reared
Female
Larva
Life Cycle of Hydrilla Miner
Female
Larva
Pupa
Egg
Cuda et al (1999 2002)
Hydrilla Miner Host Preference
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Hydrilla verticillata
(monoecious)
Elodea canadensis
Najas guadalupensis
Egeria densa Hydrilla verticillata
Chara vulgaris Potamogeton illinoensis
Ceratophyllum demersum
Vallisneria americana
Sagittaria kurziana
Eleocharis baldwinii
Utricularia macrorhiza
S
urvi
val
d d
d
cd
cd
bcd
b
ab
ab a a
Hydrilla Miner Host Preference
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Hydrilla verticillata
(monoecious)
Elodea canadensis
Najas guadalupensis
Egeria densa Hydrilla verticillata
Chara vulgaris Potamogeton illinoensis
Ceratophyllum demersum
Vallisneria americana
Sagittaria kurziana
Eleocharis baldwinii
Utricularia macrorhiza
S
urvi
val
d d
d
cd
cd
bcd
b
ab
ab a a
Grass Carp Preference bull Hydrilla bull Musk-grass bull Southern Naiad bull Brazilian elodea
Larva and Associated Tip Damage
Credit D Denson RCID
Block 1 Control Block 1 Midge
Lake Rowell Bradford Co September 2010
Changing Hydrillarsquos Architecture
Imazamox
Cl Miner
Mt Fungus
Management Goals bull Integrate Insect Fungus amp Herbicide = IPM bull Eliminate Adverse Effects of Surface Mats bull Reduce Reliance on Herbicides bull Create More Favorable Habitat
httpentomologyifasufleduhydrillaindexshtml
Hydrilla IPM Project
Outline bull Historical Perspective bull Current Activities bull Questions Comments
- BioControl of Waterhyacinth and Hydrilla
- Acknowledgements
- Outline
- Outline
- Waterhyacinth Worldwide Distribution
- Waterhyacinth amp BioControl in FL
- Waterhyacinth Mite amp Moth
- Waterhyacinth Weevils
- S Florida Canal- 1980s
- S Florida Canal- 1980s
- Water Hyacinath FungusCercospora piaropi
- Integrating Weevils amp Fungus
- Outline
- Waterhyacinth- New Agent
- Slide Number 15
- Slide Number 16
- Outline
- Worldwide Distribution of Hydrilla
- Hydrilla amp BioControl in Florida
- Augmentative BioControl
- Slide Number 21
- Slide Number 22
- Fortuitous (Adventive) BioControl
- Fortuitous Hydrilla BioControl
- Importation (Classical) BioControl
- Classical Hydrilla BioControl
- Classical Hydrilla BioControl
- Classical Hydrilla BioControl
- Impact of Hydrellia Flies
- Slide Number 30
- Slide Number 31
- Factors Impacting Hydrellia
- Fortuitous Hydrilla BioControl Cricotopus lebetis Sublette
- Outline
- Hydrillarsquos Impact on Wildlife
- Hydrilla Discovered in NY
- Slide Number 37
- ldquoIdealrdquo Hydrilla BioControl Agent
- The Hydrilla Miner
- Life Cycle of Hydrilla Miner
- Hydrilla Miner Host Preference
- Hydrilla Miner Host Preference
- Slide Number 43
- Slide Number 44
- Slide Number 45
- Slide Number 46
- Management Goals
- Hydrilla IPM Project
- Outline
-
Hydrillarsquos Impact on Wildlife Algae-Harboring Hydrilla
Causing Bald Eagle Deaths in the Southeast
httpanimaldiscoverycomguideswild-birdsa-camerican-coothtml
httpihuntcomgamewaterfowlring-necked-duck
httpapms-blogblogspotcom201203state-budget-has-hydrilla-moneyhtml
THURSDAY MARCH 29 2012 State budget has hydrilla money Source ithacajournalcom (New York) Date Published 03292012 The new state budget includes $800000 to help local efforts to stop the invasive aquatic plant hydrilla which was found last year in Cayuga Inlet Ithaca-area state senators announced Wednesday
httpapms-blogblogspotcom201203state-budget-has-hydrilla-moneyhtml
Hydrilla Discovered in NY
cpDNA haplotypes
China F
China G
China H
Japan
Indonesia
Taiwan
12
19
1 China E 6
5
3
4
2
7
10 19
China A
China C
Korea NE USA
Australia New Zealand
11
1
11
1 China B
India
China J China I Poland
China D
Florida Texas California Louisiana
Africa India Panama Pakistan
22
11
Hydrilla Genetic Studies
Williams et al unpubl
ldquoIdealrdquo Hydrilla BioControl Agent bull Narrow Host Range (=Safety)- Specialists bull Damages Vital Plant Tissues (=Individual Effect) bull Reproductively Prolific (=Population Effect) bull Entire Life Cycle on Submersed Hydrilla bull Amenable to Local Conditions (=Climate Match
amp Habitat Conditions) bull Thrives on Local Hydrilla (Biotype Match) bull Protected from Predators (=Endophagous)
Source TD Center USDA-ARS
The Hydrilla Miner
bull Tip- mining Midge - Larvae Feed on Living
Plant Tissue - Rare Occurrence
bull Prevents ldquotopping outrdquo bull Naturalized in Florida
- No Swarms - Low Dispersal Distance - Easily Mass Reared
Female
Larva
Life Cycle of Hydrilla Miner
Female
Larva
Pupa
Egg
Cuda et al (1999 2002)
Hydrilla Miner Host Preference
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Hydrilla verticillata
(monoecious)
Elodea canadensis
Najas guadalupensis
Egeria densa Hydrilla verticillata
Chara vulgaris Potamogeton illinoensis
Ceratophyllum demersum
Vallisneria americana
Sagittaria kurziana
Eleocharis baldwinii
Utricularia macrorhiza
S
urvi
val
d d
d
cd
cd
bcd
b
ab
ab a a
Hydrilla Miner Host Preference
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Hydrilla verticillata
(monoecious)
Elodea canadensis
Najas guadalupensis
Egeria densa Hydrilla verticillata
Chara vulgaris Potamogeton illinoensis
Ceratophyllum demersum
Vallisneria americana
Sagittaria kurziana
Eleocharis baldwinii
Utricularia macrorhiza
S
urvi
val
d d
d
cd
cd
bcd
b
ab
ab a a
Grass Carp Preference bull Hydrilla bull Musk-grass bull Southern Naiad bull Brazilian elodea
Larva and Associated Tip Damage
Credit D Denson RCID
Block 1 Control Block 1 Midge
Lake Rowell Bradford Co September 2010
Changing Hydrillarsquos Architecture
Imazamox
Cl Miner
Mt Fungus
Management Goals bull Integrate Insect Fungus amp Herbicide = IPM bull Eliminate Adverse Effects of Surface Mats bull Reduce Reliance on Herbicides bull Create More Favorable Habitat
httpentomologyifasufleduhydrillaindexshtml
Hydrilla IPM Project
Outline bull Historical Perspective bull Current Activities bull Questions Comments
- BioControl of Waterhyacinth and Hydrilla
- Acknowledgements
- Outline
- Outline
- Waterhyacinth Worldwide Distribution
- Waterhyacinth amp BioControl in FL
- Waterhyacinth Mite amp Moth
- Waterhyacinth Weevils
- S Florida Canal- 1980s
- S Florida Canal- 1980s
- Water Hyacinath FungusCercospora piaropi
- Integrating Weevils amp Fungus
- Outline
- Waterhyacinth- New Agent
- Slide Number 15
- Slide Number 16
- Outline
- Worldwide Distribution of Hydrilla
- Hydrilla amp BioControl in Florida
- Augmentative BioControl
- Slide Number 21
- Slide Number 22
- Fortuitous (Adventive) BioControl
- Fortuitous Hydrilla BioControl
- Importation (Classical) BioControl
- Classical Hydrilla BioControl
- Classical Hydrilla BioControl
- Classical Hydrilla BioControl
- Impact of Hydrellia Flies
- Slide Number 30
- Slide Number 31
- Factors Impacting Hydrellia
- Fortuitous Hydrilla BioControl Cricotopus lebetis Sublette
- Outline
- Hydrillarsquos Impact on Wildlife
- Hydrilla Discovered in NY
- Slide Number 37
- ldquoIdealrdquo Hydrilla BioControl Agent
- The Hydrilla Miner
- Life Cycle of Hydrilla Miner
- Hydrilla Miner Host Preference
- Hydrilla Miner Host Preference
- Slide Number 43
- Slide Number 44
- Slide Number 45
- Slide Number 46
- Management Goals
- Hydrilla IPM Project
- Outline
-
httpapms-blogblogspotcom201203state-budget-has-hydrilla-moneyhtml
THURSDAY MARCH 29 2012 State budget has hydrilla money Source ithacajournalcom (New York) Date Published 03292012 The new state budget includes $800000 to help local efforts to stop the invasive aquatic plant hydrilla which was found last year in Cayuga Inlet Ithaca-area state senators announced Wednesday
httpapms-blogblogspotcom201203state-budget-has-hydrilla-moneyhtml
Hydrilla Discovered in NY
cpDNA haplotypes
China F
China G
China H
Japan
Indonesia
Taiwan
12
19
1 China E 6
5
3
4
2
7
10 19
China A
China C
Korea NE USA
Australia New Zealand
11
1
11
1 China B
India
China J China I Poland
China D
Florida Texas California Louisiana
Africa India Panama Pakistan
22
11
Hydrilla Genetic Studies
Williams et al unpubl
ldquoIdealrdquo Hydrilla BioControl Agent bull Narrow Host Range (=Safety)- Specialists bull Damages Vital Plant Tissues (=Individual Effect) bull Reproductively Prolific (=Population Effect) bull Entire Life Cycle on Submersed Hydrilla bull Amenable to Local Conditions (=Climate Match
amp Habitat Conditions) bull Thrives on Local Hydrilla (Biotype Match) bull Protected from Predators (=Endophagous)
Source TD Center USDA-ARS
The Hydrilla Miner
bull Tip- mining Midge - Larvae Feed on Living
Plant Tissue - Rare Occurrence
bull Prevents ldquotopping outrdquo bull Naturalized in Florida
- No Swarms - Low Dispersal Distance - Easily Mass Reared
Female
Larva
Life Cycle of Hydrilla Miner
Female
Larva
Pupa
Egg
Cuda et al (1999 2002)
Hydrilla Miner Host Preference
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Hydrilla verticillata
(monoecious)
Elodea canadensis
Najas guadalupensis
Egeria densa Hydrilla verticillata
Chara vulgaris Potamogeton illinoensis
Ceratophyllum demersum
Vallisneria americana
Sagittaria kurziana
Eleocharis baldwinii
Utricularia macrorhiza
S
urvi
val
d d
d
cd
cd
bcd
b
ab
ab a a
Hydrilla Miner Host Preference
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Hydrilla verticillata
(monoecious)
Elodea canadensis
Najas guadalupensis
Egeria densa Hydrilla verticillata
Chara vulgaris Potamogeton illinoensis
Ceratophyllum demersum
Vallisneria americana
Sagittaria kurziana
Eleocharis baldwinii
Utricularia macrorhiza
S
urvi
val
d d
d
cd
cd
bcd
b
ab
ab a a
Grass Carp Preference bull Hydrilla bull Musk-grass bull Southern Naiad bull Brazilian elodea
Larva and Associated Tip Damage
Credit D Denson RCID
Block 1 Control Block 1 Midge
Lake Rowell Bradford Co September 2010
Changing Hydrillarsquos Architecture
Imazamox
Cl Miner
Mt Fungus
Management Goals bull Integrate Insect Fungus amp Herbicide = IPM bull Eliminate Adverse Effects of Surface Mats bull Reduce Reliance on Herbicides bull Create More Favorable Habitat
httpentomologyifasufleduhydrillaindexshtml
Hydrilla IPM Project
Outline bull Historical Perspective bull Current Activities bull Questions Comments
- BioControl of Waterhyacinth and Hydrilla
- Acknowledgements
- Outline
- Outline
- Waterhyacinth Worldwide Distribution
- Waterhyacinth amp BioControl in FL
- Waterhyacinth Mite amp Moth
- Waterhyacinth Weevils
- S Florida Canal- 1980s
- S Florida Canal- 1980s
- Water Hyacinath FungusCercospora piaropi
- Integrating Weevils amp Fungus
- Outline
- Waterhyacinth- New Agent
- Slide Number 15
- Slide Number 16
- Outline
- Worldwide Distribution of Hydrilla
- Hydrilla amp BioControl in Florida
- Augmentative BioControl
- Slide Number 21
- Slide Number 22
- Fortuitous (Adventive) BioControl
- Fortuitous Hydrilla BioControl
- Importation (Classical) BioControl
- Classical Hydrilla BioControl
- Classical Hydrilla BioControl
- Classical Hydrilla BioControl
- Impact of Hydrellia Flies
- Slide Number 30
- Slide Number 31
- Factors Impacting Hydrellia
- Fortuitous Hydrilla BioControl Cricotopus lebetis Sublette
- Outline
- Hydrillarsquos Impact on Wildlife
- Hydrilla Discovered in NY
- Slide Number 37
- ldquoIdealrdquo Hydrilla BioControl Agent
- The Hydrilla Miner
- Life Cycle of Hydrilla Miner
- Hydrilla Miner Host Preference
- Hydrilla Miner Host Preference
- Slide Number 43
- Slide Number 44
- Slide Number 45
- Slide Number 46
- Management Goals
- Hydrilla IPM Project
- Outline
-
cpDNA haplotypes
China F
China G
China H
Japan
Indonesia
Taiwan
12
19
1 China E 6
5
3
4
2
7
10 19
China A
China C
Korea NE USA
Australia New Zealand
11
1
11
1 China B
India
China J China I Poland
China D
Florida Texas California Louisiana
Africa India Panama Pakistan
22
11
Hydrilla Genetic Studies
Williams et al unpubl
ldquoIdealrdquo Hydrilla BioControl Agent bull Narrow Host Range (=Safety)- Specialists bull Damages Vital Plant Tissues (=Individual Effect) bull Reproductively Prolific (=Population Effect) bull Entire Life Cycle on Submersed Hydrilla bull Amenable to Local Conditions (=Climate Match
amp Habitat Conditions) bull Thrives on Local Hydrilla (Biotype Match) bull Protected from Predators (=Endophagous)
Source TD Center USDA-ARS
The Hydrilla Miner
bull Tip- mining Midge - Larvae Feed on Living
Plant Tissue - Rare Occurrence
bull Prevents ldquotopping outrdquo bull Naturalized in Florida
- No Swarms - Low Dispersal Distance - Easily Mass Reared
Female
Larva
Life Cycle of Hydrilla Miner
Female
Larva
Pupa
Egg
Cuda et al (1999 2002)
Hydrilla Miner Host Preference
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Hydrilla verticillata
(monoecious)
Elodea canadensis
Najas guadalupensis
Egeria densa Hydrilla verticillata
Chara vulgaris Potamogeton illinoensis
Ceratophyllum demersum
Vallisneria americana
Sagittaria kurziana
Eleocharis baldwinii
Utricularia macrorhiza
S
urvi
val
d d
d
cd
cd
bcd
b
ab
ab a a
Hydrilla Miner Host Preference
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Hydrilla verticillata
(monoecious)
Elodea canadensis
Najas guadalupensis
Egeria densa Hydrilla verticillata
Chara vulgaris Potamogeton illinoensis
Ceratophyllum demersum
Vallisneria americana
Sagittaria kurziana
Eleocharis baldwinii
Utricularia macrorhiza
S
urvi
val
d d
d
cd
cd
bcd
b
ab
ab a a
Grass Carp Preference bull Hydrilla bull Musk-grass bull Southern Naiad bull Brazilian elodea
Larva and Associated Tip Damage
Credit D Denson RCID
Block 1 Control Block 1 Midge
Lake Rowell Bradford Co September 2010
Changing Hydrillarsquos Architecture
Imazamox
Cl Miner
Mt Fungus
Management Goals bull Integrate Insect Fungus amp Herbicide = IPM bull Eliminate Adverse Effects of Surface Mats bull Reduce Reliance on Herbicides bull Create More Favorable Habitat
httpentomologyifasufleduhydrillaindexshtml
Hydrilla IPM Project
Outline bull Historical Perspective bull Current Activities bull Questions Comments
- BioControl of Waterhyacinth and Hydrilla
- Acknowledgements
- Outline
- Outline
- Waterhyacinth Worldwide Distribution
- Waterhyacinth amp BioControl in FL
- Waterhyacinth Mite amp Moth
- Waterhyacinth Weevils
- S Florida Canal- 1980s
- S Florida Canal- 1980s
- Water Hyacinath FungusCercospora piaropi
- Integrating Weevils amp Fungus
- Outline
- Waterhyacinth- New Agent
- Slide Number 15
- Slide Number 16
- Outline
- Worldwide Distribution of Hydrilla
- Hydrilla amp BioControl in Florida
- Augmentative BioControl
- Slide Number 21
- Slide Number 22
- Fortuitous (Adventive) BioControl
- Fortuitous Hydrilla BioControl
- Importation (Classical) BioControl
- Classical Hydrilla BioControl
- Classical Hydrilla BioControl
- Classical Hydrilla BioControl
- Impact of Hydrellia Flies
- Slide Number 30
- Slide Number 31
- Factors Impacting Hydrellia
- Fortuitous Hydrilla BioControl Cricotopus lebetis Sublette
- Outline
- Hydrillarsquos Impact on Wildlife
- Hydrilla Discovered in NY
- Slide Number 37
- ldquoIdealrdquo Hydrilla BioControl Agent
- The Hydrilla Miner
- Life Cycle of Hydrilla Miner
- Hydrilla Miner Host Preference
- Hydrilla Miner Host Preference
- Slide Number 43
- Slide Number 44
- Slide Number 45
- Slide Number 46
- Management Goals
- Hydrilla IPM Project
- Outline
-
ldquoIdealrdquo Hydrilla BioControl Agent bull Narrow Host Range (=Safety)- Specialists bull Damages Vital Plant Tissues (=Individual Effect) bull Reproductively Prolific (=Population Effect) bull Entire Life Cycle on Submersed Hydrilla bull Amenable to Local Conditions (=Climate Match
amp Habitat Conditions) bull Thrives on Local Hydrilla (Biotype Match) bull Protected from Predators (=Endophagous)
Source TD Center USDA-ARS
The Hydrilla Miner
bull Tip- mining Midge - Larvae Feed on Living
Plant Tissue - Rare Occurrence
bull Prevents ldquotopping outrdquo bull Naturalized in Florida
- No Swarms - Low Dispersal Distance - Easily Mass Reared
Female
Larva
Life Cycle of Hydrilla Miner
Female
Larva
Pupa
Egg
Cuda et al (1999 2002)
Hydrilla Miner Host Preference
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Hydrilla verticillata
(monoecious)
Elodea canadensis
Najas guadalupensis
Egeria densa Hydrilla verticillata
Chara vulgaris Potamogeton illinoensis
Ceratophyllum demersum
Vallisneria americana
Sagittaria kurziana
Eleocharis baldwinii
Utricularia macrorhiza
S
urvi
val
d d
d
cd
cd
bcd
b
ab
ab a a
Hydrilla Miner Host Preference
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Hydrilla verticillata
(monoecious)
Elodea canadensis
Najas guadalupensis
Egeria densa Hydrilla verticillata
Chara vulgaris Potamogeton illinoensis
Ceratophyllum demersum
Vallisneria americana
Sagittaria kurziana
Eleocharis baldwinii
Utricularia macrorhiza
S
urvi
val
d d
d
cd
cd
bcd
b
ab
ab a a
Grass Carp Preference bull Hydrilla bull Musk-grass bull Southern Naiad bull Brazilian elodea
Larva and Associated Tip Damage
Credit D Denson RCID
Block 1 Control Block 1 Midge
Lake Rowell Bradford Co September 2010
Changing Hydrillarsquos Architecture
Imazamox
Cl Miner
Mt Fungus
Management Goals bull Integrate Insect Fungus amp Herbicide = IPM bull Eliminate Adverse Effects of Surface Mats bull Reduce Reliance on Herbicides bull Create More Favorable Habitat
httpentomologyifasufleduhydrillaindexshtml
Hydrilla IPM Project
Outline bull Historical Perspective bull Current Activities bull Questions Comments
- BioControl of Waterhyacinth and Hydrilla
- Acknowledgements
- Outline
- Outline
- Waterhyacinth Worldwide Distribution
- Waterhyacinth amp BioControl in FL
- Waterhyacinth Mite amp Moth
- Waterhyacinth Weevils
- S Florida Canal- 1980s
- S Florida Canal- 1980s
- Water Hyacinath FungusCercospora piaropi
- Integrating Weevils amp Fungus
- Outline
- Waterhyacinth- New Agent
- Slide Number 15
- Slide Number 16
- Outline
- Worldwide Distribution of Hydrilla
- Hydrilla amp BioControl in Florida
- Augmentative BioControl
- Slide Number 21
- Slide Number 22
- Fortuitous (Adventive) BioControl
- Fortuitous Hydrilla BioControl
- Importation (Classical) BioControl
- Classical Hydrilla BioControl
- Classical Hydrilla BioControl
- Classical Hydrilla BioControl
- Impact of Hydrellia Flies
- Slide Number 30
- Slide Number 31
- Factors Impacting Hydrellia
- Fortuitous Hydrilla BioControl Cricotopus lebetis Sublette
- Outline
- Hydrillarsquos Impact on Wildlife
- Hydrilla Discovered in NY
- Slide Number 37
- ldquoIdealrdquo Hydrilla BioControl Agent
- The Hydrilla Miner
- Life Cycle of Hydrilla Miner
- Hydrilla Miner Host Preference
- Hydrilla Miner Host Preference
- Slide Number 43
- Slide Number 44
- Slide Number 45
- Slide Number 46
- Management Goals
- Hydrilla IPM Project
- Outline
-
The Hydrilla Miner
bull Tip- mining Midge - Larvae Feed on Living
Plant Tissue - Rare Occurrence
bull Prevents ldquotopping outrdquo bull Naturalized in Florida
- No Swarms - Low Dispersal Distance - Easily Mass Reared
Female
Larva
Life Cycle of Hydrilla Miner
Female
Larva
Pupa
Egg
Cuda et al (1999 2002)
Hydrilla Miner Host Preference
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Hydrilla verticillata
(monoecious)
Elodea canadensis
Najas guadalupensis
Egeria densa Hydrilla verticillata
Chara vulgaris Potamogeton illinoensis
Ceratophyllum demersum
Vallisneria americana
Sagittaria kurziana
Eleocharis baldwinii
Utricularia macrorhiza
S
urvi
val
d d
d
cd
cd
bcd
b
ab
ab a a
Hydrilla Miner Host Preference
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Hydrilla verticillata
(monoecious)
Elodea canadensis
Najas guadalupensis
Egeria densa Hydrilla verticillata
Chara vulgaris Potamogeton illinoensis
Ceratophyllum demersum
Vallisneria americana
Sagittaria kurziana
Eleocharis baldwinii
Utricularia macrorhiza
S
urvi
val
d d
d
cd
cd
bcd
b
ab
ab a a
Grass Carp Preference bull Hydrilla bull Musk-grass bull Southern Naiad bull Brazilian elodea
Larva and Associated Tip Damage
Credit D Denson RCID
Block 1 Control Block 1 Midge
Lake Rowell Bradford Co September 2010
Changing Hydrillarsquos Architecture
Imazamox
Cl Miner
Mt Fungus
Management Goals bull Integrate Insect Fungus amp Herbicide = IPM bull Eliminate Adverse Effects of Surface Mats bull Reduce Reliance on Herbicides bull Create More Favorable Habitat
httpentomologyifasufleduhydrillaindexshtml
Hydrilla IPM Project
Outline bull Historical Perspective bull Current Activities bull Questions Comments
- BioControl of Waterhyacinth and Hydrilla
- Acknowledgements
- Outline
- Outline
- Waterhyacinth Worldwide Distribution
- Waterhyacinth amp BioControl in FL
- Waterhyacinth Mite amp Moth
- Waterhyacinth Weevils
- S Florida Canal- 1980s
- S Florida Canal- 1980s
- Water Hyacinath FungusCercospora piaropi
- Integrating Weevils amp Fungus
- Outline
- Waterhyacinth- New Agent
- Slide Number 15
- Slide Number 16
- Outline
- Worldwide Distribution of Hydrilla
- Hydrilla amp BioControl in Florida
- Augmentative BioControl
- Slide Number 21
- Slide Number 22
- Fortuitous (Adventive) BioControl
- Fortuitous Hydrilla BioControl
- Importation (Classical) BioControl
- Classical Hydrilla BioControl
- Classical Hydrilla BioControl
- Classical Hydrilla BioControl
- Impact of Hydrellia Flies
- Slide Number 30
- Slide Number 31
- Factors Impacting Hydrellia
- Fortuitous Hydrilla BioControl Cricotopus lebetis Sublette
- Outline
- Hydrillarsquos Impact on Wildlife
- Hydrilla Discovered in NY
- Slide Number 37
- ldquoIdealrdquo Hydrilla BioControl Agent
- The Hydrilla Miner
- Life Cycle of Hydrilla Miner
- Hydrilla Miner Host Preference
- Hydrilla Miner Host Preference
- Slide Number 43
- Slide Number 44
- Slide Number 45
- Slide Number 46
- Management Goals
- Hydrilla IPM Project
- Outline
-
Life Cycle of Hydrilla Miner
Female
Larva
Pupa
Egg
Cuda et al (1999 2002)
Hydrilla Miner Host Preference
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Hydrilla verticillata
(monoecious)
Elodea canadensis
Najas guadalupensis
Egeria densa Hydrilla verticillata
Chara vulgaris Potamogeton illinoensis
Ceratophyllum demersum
Vallisneria americana
Sagittaria kurziana
Eleocharis baldwinii
Utricularia macrorhiza
S
urvi
val
d d
d
cd
cd
bcd
b
ab
ab a a
Hydrilla Miner Host Preference
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Hydrilla verticillata
(monoecious)
Elodea canadensis
Najas guadalupensis
Egeria densa Hydrilla verticillata
Chara vulgaris Potamogeton illinoensis
Ceratophyllum demersum
Vallisneria americana
Sagittaria kurziana
Eleocharis baldwinii
Utricularia macrorhiza
S
urvi
val
d d
d
cd
cd
bcd
b
ab
ab a a
Grass Carp Preference bull Hydrilla bull Musk-grass bull Southern Naiad bull Brazilian elodea
Larva and Associated Tip Damage
Credit D Denson RCID
Block 1 Control Block 1 Midge
Lake Rowell Bradford Co September 2010
Changing Hydrillarsquos Architecture
Imazamox
Cl Miner
Mt Fungus
Management Goals bull Integrate Insect Fungus amp Herbicide = IPM bull Eliminate Adverse Effects of Surface Mats bull Reduce Reliance on Herbicides bull Create More Favorable Habitat
httpentomologyifasufleduhydrillaindexshtml
Hydrilla IPM Project
Outline bull Historical Perspective bull Current Activities bull Questions Comments
- BioControl of Waterhyacinth and Hydrilla
- Acknowledgements
- Outline
- Outline
- Waterhyacinth Worldwide Distribution
- Waterhyacinth amp BioControl in FL
- Waterhyacinth Mite amp Moth
- Waterhyacinth Weevils
- S Florida Canal- 1980s
- S Florida Canal- 1980s
- Water Hyacinath FungusCercospora piaropi
- Integrating Weevils amp Fungus
- Outline
- Waterhyacinth- New Agent
- Slide Number 15
- Slide Number 16
- Outline
- Worldwide Distribution of Hydrilla
- Hydrilla amp BioControl in Florida
- Augmentative BioControl
- Slide Number 21
- Slide Number 22
- Fortuitous (Adventive) BioControl
- Fortuitous Hydrilla BioControl
- Importation (Classical) BioControl
- Classical Hydrilla BioControl
- Classical Hydrilla BioControl
- Classical Hydrilla BioControl
- Impact of Hydrellia Flies
- Slide Number 30
- Slide Number 31
- Factors Impacting Hydrellia
- Fortuitous Hydrilla BioControl Cricotopus lebetis Sublette
- Outline
- Hydrillarsquos Impact on Wildlife
- Hydrilla Discovered in NY
- Slide Number 37
- ldquoIdealrdquo Hydrilla BioControl Agent
- The Hydrilla Miner
- Life Cycle of Hydrilla Miner
- Hydrilla Miner Host Preference
- Hydrilla Miner Host Preference
- Slide Number 43
- Slide Number 44
- Slide Number 45
- Slide Number 46
- Management Goals
- Hydrilla IPM Project
- Outline
-
Hydrilla Miner Host Preference
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Hydrilla verticillata
(monoecious)
Elodea canadensis
Najas guadalupensis
Egeria densa Hydrilla verticillata
Chara vulgaris Potamogeton illinoensis
Ceratophyllum demersum
Vallisneria americana
Sagittaria kurziana
Eleocharis baldwinii
Utricularia macrorhiza
S
urvi
val
d d
d
cd
cd
bcd
b
ab
ab a a
Hydrilla Miner Host Preference
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Hydrilla verticillata
(monoecious)
Elodea canadensis
Najas guadalupensis
Egeria densa Hydrilla verticillata
Chara vulgaris Potamogeton illinoensis
Ceratophyllum demersum
Vallisneria americana
Sagittaria kurziana
Eleocharis baldwinii
Utricularia macrorhiza
S
urvi
val
d d
d
cd
cd
bcd
b
ab
ab a a
Grass Carp Preference bull Hydrilla bull Musk-grass bull Southern Naiad bull Brazilian elodea
Larva and Associated Tip Damage
Credit D Denson RCID
Block 1 Control Block 1 Midge
Lake Rowell Bradford Co September 2010
Changing Hydrillarsquos Architecture
Imazamox
Cl Miner
Mt Fungus
Management Goals bull Integrate Insect Fungus amp Herbicide = IPM bull Eliminate Adverse Effects of Surface Mats bull Reduce Reliance on Herbicides bull Create More Favorable Habitat
httpentomologyifasufleduhydrillaindexshtml
Hydrilla IPM Project
Outline bull Historical Perspective bull Current Activities bull Questions Comments
- BioControl of Waterhyacinth and Hydrilla
- Acknowledgements
- Outline
- Outline
- Waterhyacinth Worldwide Distribution
- Waterhyacinth amp BioControl in FL
- Waterhyacinth Mite amp Moth
- Waterhyacinth Weevils
- S Florida Canal- 1980s
- S Florida Canal- 1980s
- Water Hyacinath FungusCercospora piaropi
- Integrating Weevils amp Fungus
- Outline
- Waterhyacinth- New Agent
- Slide Number 15
- Slide Number 16
- Outline
- Worldwide Distribution of Hydrilla
- Hydrilla amp BioControl in Florida
- Augmentative BioControl
- Slide Number 21
- Slide Number 22
- Fortuitous (Adventive) BioControl
- Fortuitous Hydrilla BioControl
- Importation (Classical) BioControl
- Classical Hydrilla BioControl
- Classical Hydrilla BioControl
- Classical Hydrilla BioControl
- Impact of Hydrellia Flies
- Slide Number 30
- Slide Number 31
- Factors Impacting Hydrellia
- Fortuitous Hydrilla BioControl Cricotopus lebetis Sublette
- Outline
- Hydrillarsquos Impact on Wildlife
- Hydrilla Discovered in NY
- Slide Number 37
- ldquoIdealrdquo Hydrilla BioControl Agent
- The Hydrilla Miner
- Life Cycle of Hydrilla Miner
- Hydrilla Miner Host Preference
- Hydrilla Miner Host Preference
- Slide Number 43
- Slide Number 44
- Slide Number 45
- Slide Number 46
- Management Goals
- Hydrilla IPM Project
- Outline
-
Hydrilla Miner Host Preference
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Hydrilla verticillata
(monoecious)
Elodea canadensis
Najas guadalupensis
Egeria densa Hydrilla verticillata
Chara vulgaris Potamogeton illinoensis
Ceratophyllum demersum
Vallisneria americana
Sagittaria kurziana
Eleocharis baldwinii
Utricularia macrorhiza
S
urvi
val
d d
d
cd
cd
bcd
b
ab
ab a a
Grass Carp Preference bull Hydrilla bull Musk-grass bull Southern Naiad bull Brazilian elodea
Larva and Associated Tip Damage
Credit D Denson RCID
Block 1 Control Block 1 Midge
Lake Rowell Bradford Co September 2010
Changing Hydrillarsquos Architecture
Imazamox
Cl Miner
Mt Fungus
Management Goals bull Integrate Insect Fungus amp Herbicide = IPM bull Eliminate Adverse Effects of Surface Mats bull Reduce Reliance on Herbicides bull Create More Favorable Habitat
httpentomologyifasufleduhydrillaindexshtml
Hydrilla IPM Project
Outline bull Historical Perspective bull Current Activities bull Questions Comments
- BioControl of Waterhyacinth and Hydrilla
- Acknowledgements
- Outline
- Outline
- Waterhyacinth Worldwide Distribution
- Waterhyacinth amp BioControl in FL
- Waterhyacinth Mite amp Moth
- Waterhyacinth Weevils
- S Florida Canal- 1980s
- S Florida Canal- 1980s
- Water Hyacinath FungusCercospora piaropi
- Integrating Weevils amp Fungus
- Outline
- Waterhyacinth- New Agent
- Slide Number 15
- Slide Number 16
- Outline
- Worldwide Distribution of Hydrilla
- Hydrilla amp BioControl in Florida
- Augmentative BioControl
- Slide Number 21
- Slide Number 22
- Fortuitous (Adventive) BioControl
- Fortuitous Hydrilla BioControl
- Importation (Classical) BioControl
- Classical Hydrilla BioControl
- Classical Hydrilla BioControl
- Classical Hydrilla BioControl
- Impact of Hydrellia Flies
- Slide Number 30
- Slide Number 31
- Factors Impacting Hydrellia
- Fortuitous Hydrilla BioControl Cricotopus lebetis Sublette
- Outline
- Hydrillarsquos Impact on Wildlife
- Hydrilla Discovered in NY
- Slide Number 37
- ldquoIdealrdquo Hydrilla BioControl Agent
- The Hydrilla Miner
- Life Cycle of Hydrilla Miner
- Hydrilla Miner Host Preference
- Hydrilla Miner Host Preference
- Slide Number 43
- Slide Number 44
- Slide Number 45
- Slide Number 46
- Management Goals
- Hydrilla IPM Project
- Outline
-
Larva and Associated Tip Damage
Credit D Denson RCID
Block 1 Control Block 1 Midge
Lake Rowell Bradford Co September 2010
Changing Hydrillarsquos Architecture
Imazamox
Cl Miner
Mt Fungus
Management Goals bull Integrate Insect Fungus amp Herbicide = IPM bull Eliminate Adverse Effects of Surface Mats bull Reduce Reliance on Herbicides bull Create More Favorable Habitat
httpentomologyifasufleduhydrillaindexshtml
Hydrilla IPM Project
Outline bull Historical Perspective bull Current Activities bull Questions Comments
- BioControl of Waterhyacinth and Hydrilla
- Acknowledgements
- Outline
- Outline
- Waterhyacinth Worldwide Distribution
- Waterhyacinth amp BioControl in FL
- Waterhyacinth Mite amp Moth
- Waterhyacinth Weevils
- S Florida Canal- 1980s
- S Florida Canal- 1980s
- Water Hyacinath FungusCercospora piaropi
- Integrating Weevils amp Fungus
- Outline
- Waterhyacinth- New Agent
- Slide Number 15
- Slide Number 16
- Outline
- Worldwide Distribution of Hydrilla
- Hydrilla amp BioControl in Florida
- Augmentative BioControl
- Slide Number 21
- Slide Number 22
- Fortuitous (Adventive) BioControl
- Fortuitous Hydrilla BioControl
- Importation (Classical) BioControl
- Classical Hydrilla BioControl
- Classical Hydrilla BioControl
- Classical Hydrilla BioControl
- Impact of Hydrellia Flies
- Slide Number 30
- Slide Number 31
- Factors Impacting Hydrellia
- Fortuitous Hydrilla BioControl Cricotopus lebetis Sublette
- Outline
- Hydrillarsquos Impact on Wildlife
- Hydrilla Discovered in NY
- Slide Number 37
- ldquoIdealrdquo Hydrilla BioControl Agent
- The Hydrilla Miner
- Life Cycle of Hydrilla Miner
- Hydrilla Miner Host Preference
- Hydrilla Miner Host Preference
- Slide Number 43
- Slide Number 44
- Slide Number 45
- Slide Number 46
- Management Goals
- Hydrilla IPM Project
- Outline
-
Block 1 Control Block 1 Midge
Lake Rowell Bradford Co September 2010
Changing Hydrillarsquos Architecture
Imazamox
Cl Miner
Mt Fungus
Management Goals bull Integrate Insect Fungus amp Herbicide = IPM bull Eliminate Adverse Effects of Surface Mats bull Reduce Reliance on Herbicides bull Create More Favorable Habitat
httpentomologyifasufleduhydrillaindexshtml
Hydrilla IPM Project
Outline bull Historical Perspective bull Current Activities bull Questions Comments
- BioControl of Waterhyacinth and Hydrilla
- Acknowledgements
- Outline
- Outline
- Waterhyacinth Worldwide Distribution
- Waterhyacinth amp BioControl in FL
- Waterhyacinth Mite amp Moth
- Waterhyacinth Weevils
- S Florida Canal- 1980s
- S Florida Canal- 1980s
- Water Hyacinath FungusCercospora piaropi
- Integrating Weevils amp Fungus
- Outline
- Waterhyacinth- New Agent
- Slide Number 15
- Slide Number 16
- Outline
- Worldwide Distribution of Hydrilla
- Hydrilla amp BioControl in Florida
- Augmentative BioControl
- Slide Number 21
- Slide Number 22
- Fortuitous (Adventive) BioControl
- Fortuitous Hydrilla BioControl
- Importation (Classical) BioControl
- Classical Hydrilla BioControl
- Classical Hydrilla BioControl
- Classical Hydrilla BioControl
- Impact of Hydrellia Flies
- Slide Number 30
- Slide Number 31
- Factors Impacting Hydrellia
- Fortuitous Hydrilla BioControl Cricotopus lebetis Sublette
- Outline
- Hydrillarsquos Impact on Wildlife
- Hydrilla Discovered in NY
- Slide Number 37
- ldquoIdealrdquo Hydrilla BioControl Agent
- The Hydrilla Miner
- Life Cycle of Hydrilla Miner
- Hydrilla Miner Host Preference
- Hydrilla Miner Host Preference
- Slide Number 43
- Slide Number 44
- Slide Number 45
- Slide Number 46
- Management Goals
- Hydrilla IPM Project
- Outline
-
Lake Rowell Bradford Co September 2010
Changing Hydrillarsquos Architecture
Imazamox
Cl Miner
Mt Fungus
Management Goals bull Integrate Insect Fungus amp Herbicide = IPM bull Eliminate Adverse Effects of Surface Mats bull Reduce Reliance on Herbicides bull Create More Favorable Habitat
httpentomologyifasufleduhydrillaindexshtml
Hydrilla IPM Project
Outline bull Historical Perspective bull Current Activities bull Questions Comments
- BioControl of Waterhyacinth and Hydrilla
- Acknowledgements
- Outline
- Outline
- Waterhyacinth Worldwide Distribution
- Waterhyacinth amp BioControl in FL
- Waterhyacinth Mite amp Moth
- Waterhyacinth Weevils
- S Florida Canal- 1980s
- S Florida Canal- 1980s
- Water Hyacinath FungusCercospora piaropi
- Integrating Weevils amp Fungus
- Outline
- Waterhyacinth- New Agent
- Slide Number 15
- Slide Number 16
- Outline
- Worldwide Distribution of Hydrilla
- Hydrilla amp BioControl in Florida
- Augmentative BioControl
- Slide Number 21
- Slide Number 22
- Fortuitous (Adventive) BioControl
- Fortuitous Hydrilla BioControl
- Importation (Classical) BioControl
- Classical Hydrilla BioControl
- Classical Hydrilla BioControl
- Classical Hydrilla BioControl
- Impact of Hydrellia Flies
- Slide Number 30
- Slide Number 31
- Factors Impacting Hydrellia
- Fortuitous Hydrilla BioControl Cricotopus lebetis Sublette
- Outline
- Hydrillarsquos Impact on Wildlife
- Hydrilla Discovered in NY
- Slide Number 37
- ldquoIdealrdquo Hydrilla BioControl Agent
- The Hydrilla Miner
- Life Cycle of Hydrilla Miner
- Hydrilla Miner Host Preference
- Hydrilla Miner Host Preference
- Slide Number 43
- Slide Number 44
- Slide Number 45
- Slide Number 46
- Management Goals
- Hydrilla IPM Project
- Outline
-
Changing Hydrillarsquos Architecture
Imazamox
Cl Miner
Mt Fungus
Management Goals bull Integrate Insect Fungus amp Herbicide = IPM bull Eliminate Adverse Effects of Surface Mats bull Reduce Reliance on Herbicides bull Create More Favorable Habitat
httpentomologyifasufleduhydrillaindexshtml
Hydrilla IPM Project
Outline bull Historical Perspective bull Current Activities bull Questions Comments
- BioControl of Waterhyacinth and Hydrilla
- Acknowledgements
- Outline
- Outline
- Waterhyacinth Worldwide Distribution
- Waterhyacinth amp BioControl in FL
- Waterhyacinth Mite amp Moth
- Waterhyacinth Weevils
- S Florida Canal- 1980s
- S Florida Canal- 1980s
- Water Hyacinath FungusCercospora piaropi
- Integrating Weevils amp Fungus
- Outline
- Waterhyacinth- New Agent
- Slide Number 15
- Slide Number 16
- Outline
- Worldwide Distribution of Hydrilla
- Hydrilla amp BioControl in Florida
- Augmentative BioControl
- Slide Number 21
- Slide Number 22
- Fortuitous (Adventive) BioControl
- Fortuitous Hydrilla BioControl
- Importation (Classical) BioControl
- Classical Hydrilla BioControl
- Classical Hydrilla BioControl
- Classical Hydrilla BioControl
- Impact of Hydrellia Flies
- Slide Number 30
- Slide Number 31
- Factors Impacting Hydrellia
- Fortuitous Hydrilla BioControl Cricotopus lebetis Sublette
- Outline
- Hydrillarsquos Impact on Wildlife
- Hydrilla Discovered in NY
- Slide Number 37
- ldquoIdealrdquo Hydrilla BioControl Agent
- The Hydrilla Miner
- Life Cycle of Hydrilla Miner
- Hydrilla Miner Host Preference
- Hydrilla Miner Host Preference
- Slide Number 43
- Slide Number 44
- Slide Number 45
- Slide Number 46
- Management Goals
- Hydrilla IPM Project
- Outline
-
Management Goals bull Integrate Insect Fungus amp Herbicide = IPM bull Eliminate Adverse Effects of Surface Mats bull Reduce Reliance on Herbicides bull Create More Favorable Habitat
httpentomologyifasufleduhydrillaindexshtml
Hydrilla IPM Project
Outline bull Historical Perspective bull Current Activities bull Questions Comments
- BioControl of Waterhyacinth and Hydrilla
- Acknowledgements
- Outline
- Outline
- Waterhyacinth Worldwide Distribution
- Waterhyacinth amp BioControl in FL
- Waterhyacinth Mite amp Moth
- Waterhyacinth Weevils
- S Florida Canal- 1980s
- S Florida Canal- 1980s
- Water Hyacinath FungusCercospora piaropi
- Integrating Weevils amp Fungus
- Outline
- Waterhyacinth- New Agent
- Slide Number 15
- Slide Number 16
- Outline
- Worldwide Distribution of Hydrilla
- Hydrilla amp BioControl in Florida
- Augmentative BioControl
- Slide Number 21
- Slide Number 22
- Fortuitous (Adventive) BioControl
- Fortuitous Hydrilla BioControl
- Importation (Classical) BioControl
- Classical Hydrilla BioControl
- Classical Hydrilla BioControl
- Classical Hydrilla BioControl
- Impact of Hydrellia Flies
- Slide Number 30
- Slide Number 31
- Factors Impacting Hydrellia
- Fortuitous Hydrilla BioControl Cricotopus lebetis Sublette
- Outline
- Hydrillarsquos Impact on Wildlife
- Hydrilla Discovered in NY
- Slide Number 37
- ldquoIdealrdquo Hydrilla BioControl Agent
- The Hydrilla Miner
- Life Cycle of Hydrilla Miner
- Hydrilla Miner Host Preference
- Hydrilla Miner Host Preference
- Slide Number 43
- Slide Number 44
- Slide Number 45
- Slide Number 46
- Management Goals
- Hydrilla IPM Project
- Outline
-
httpentomologyifasufleduhydrillaindexshtml
Hydrilla IPM Project
Outline bull Historical Perspective bull Current Activities bull Questions Comments
- BioControl of Waterhyacinth and Hydrilla
- Acknowledgements
- Outline
- Outline
- Waterhyacinth Worldwide Distribution
- Waterhyacinth amp BioControl in FL
- Waterhyacinth Mite amp Moth
- Waterhyacinth Weevils
- S Florida Canal- 1980s
- S Florida Canal- 1980s
- Water Hyacinath FungusCercospora piaropi
- Integrating Weevils amp Fungus
- Outline
- Waterhyacinth- New Agent
- Slide Number 15
- Slide Number 16
- Outline
- Worldwide Distribution of Hydrilla
- Hydrilla amp BioControl in Florida
- Augmentative BioControl
- Slide Number 21
- Slide Number 22
- Fortuitous (Adventive) BioControl
- Fortuitous Hydrilla BioControl
- Importation (Classical) BioControl
- Classical Hydrilla BioControl
- Classical Hydrilla BioControl
- Classical Hydrilla BioControl
- Impact of Hydrellia Flies
- Slide Number 30
- Slide Number 31
- Factors Impacting Hydrellia
- Fortuitous Hydrilla BioControl Cricotopus lebetis Sublette
- Outline
- Hydrillarsquos Impact on Wildlife
- Hydrilla Discovered in NY
- Slide Number 37
- ldquoIdealrdquo Hydrilla BioControl Agent
- The Hydrilla Miner
- Life Cycle of Hydrilla Miner
- Hydrilla Miner Host Preference
- Hydrilla Miner Host Preference
- Slide Number 43
- Slide Number 44
- Slide Number 45
- Slide Number 46
- Management Goals
- Hydrilla IPM Project
- Outline
-
Outline bull Historical Perspective bull Current Activities bull Questions Comments
- BioControl of Waterhyacinth and Hydrilla
- Acknowledgements
- Outline
- Outline
- Waterhyacinth Worldwide Distribution
- Waterhyacinth amp BioControl in FL
- Waterhyacinth Mite amp Moth
- Waterhyacinth Weevils
- S Florida Canal- 1980s
- S Florida Canal- 1980s
- Water Hyacinath FungusCercospora piaropi
- Integrating Weevils amp Fungus
- Outline
- Waterhyacinth- New Agent
- Slide Number 15
- Slide Number 16
- Outline
- Worldwide Distribution of Hydrilla
- Hydrilla amp BioControl in Florida
- Augmentative BioControl
- Slide Number 21
- Slide Number 22
- Fortuitous (Adventive) BioControl
- Fortuitous Hydrilla BioControl
- Importation (Classical) BioControl
- Classical Hydrilla BioControl
- Classical Hydrilla BioControl
- Classical Hydrilla BioControl
- Impact of Hydrellia Flies
- Slide Number 30
- Slide Number 31
- Factors Impacting Hydrellia
- Fortuitous Hydrilla BioControl Cricotopus lebetis Sublette
- Outline
- Hydrillarsquos Impact on Wildlife
- Hydrilla Discovered in NY
- Slide Number 37
- ldquoIdealrdquo Hydrilla BioControl Agent
- The Hydrilla Miner
- Life Cycle of Hydrilla Miner
- Hydrilla Miner Host Preference
- Hydrilla Miner Host Preference
- Slide Number 43
- Slide Number 44
- Slide Number 45
- Slide Number 46
- Management Goals
- Hydrilla IPM Project
- Outline
-
