BIOCHIP

BY:

Deepa Chaudhary

OVERVIEW• INTRODUCTION• HISTORY• DEFINITION• COMPONENTS AND BASIC WORKING• BIOCHIP IMPLANT• APPLICATION• ADVANTAGE & DISADVANTAGE• CONCLUSION

INTRODUCTION• Collection of miniaturized test sites(micro arrays)

arranged on a solid substrate.

• used to analyze organic molecules associated with living organisms.

HISTORY•Developed in 1983 for monitoring fisheries.

•Large scale development of biochips in the 1990s.

•Today, a large variety of biochip technologies are either in development or being commercialized.

COMPONENTS

Biochip implant system of two components:

1.Transponder2.Reader or Scanner

TRANSPONDERIt is the actual biochip implant.There are two types of transponders-1-Active 2- Passive.Using a passive transponder.

Transponder consists of four parts:1.Computer microchip2.Antenna coil3.Tuning capacitor4.Glass Capsule

Fig : Biochip Components

Reader or Scanner:

Consists of an "exciter” coil which creates electromagnetic signal.

Contain the software and components to decode the receive code & display the result in LCD display.

WORKINGReader transmits a Low-power radio signal and

activate the implanted biochip.ID number is transmitted by the transponder and

received by the reader.Reader display the ID number on the reader's LCD

display.

BIOCHIP IMPLANT

Injected by a hypodermic syringe beneath the skin.Injection is safe and simple.Anesthesia is not required.Usually injected behind the Neck.

Fig:Perspective of actual size

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APPLICATION• Tracing

• Store

• Replacing passport• To find the lost people.• Identify person uniquely• Medicinal implementation of biochips- as glucose

detector, as oxygen sensor

GLUCOSE DETECTORChip can be integrated

with Glucose detector.

Chip allows to easily moniter Diabetes.

ADVANTAGES• Small in size.

• Faster & powerful.

• Perform thousand of biological reactions in a few seconds.

• Increase speed of diagnosis.

• Ease of use.

DISADVANTAGES• They raise critical issue of personal privacy.

• They can be emplanted into ones body with out their knowledge.

CONCLUSIONBIOCHIPS are:

• Fast

• Accurate

• Miniaturized

• Advantages upon conventional Analyzer

• Expected to become economically advantageous attributes that make them analogous to computer chip.