Biochemistry The chemical basis of life Based on organic (carbon) chemistry.
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Transcript of Biochemistry The chemical basis of life Based on organic (carbon) chemistry.
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Biochemistry
The chemical basis of life
Based on organic (carbon) chemistry
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All living things are made of matter.
Matter: material governed by laws of inertia (resistance to change in motion)
The smallest organized unit of matter that is living is called a cell.
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Atomic structure video
Click on image to play video.
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Matter of the same composition is a substance.
Ex: pure sugar, pure salt, etc
Substances can change.
Living matter is made up of different substances.
Therefore life can change.
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Periodic table of elements … do you need to know them all for this class?
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What elements do producers need?
C HOPKNS café Managed By My Cousin Mo Cline
CHOPKNS Ca Fe Mg B Mn Cu Zn Mo Cl
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Chemical reactions lead to changes in substance or matter.
Occurs when electrons are transferred between two atoms
covalent or ionic
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Substance types1. Atom = electron + proton + neutron
2. Element: one atom with set number of protons(ex: nitrogen)
3. Compound: two or more atoms in fixed ratio (ex: water H2O) Q.What is in the beaker?
4. Molecule: 1 unit of a compound (ex: water H2O is 1 molecule of water) Q. How many molecules of water are in the beaker?
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To maintain life the following are needed.
96% of living matter: carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen
4% of living matter: calcium, potassium, phosphorus, sulfur, sodium, chlorine, magnesium, iron, trace elements
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Why is carbon the basis for life?
It has 4 electrons in its outer electron shell.
Octet rule: The most stable elements have 8 electrons in its outer shell, with few exceptions.
Carbon forms 4 covalent bonds to fulfill the octet rule.
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Covalent bond = two atoms sharing electrons
“Strong” Relatively stable Hydrogen, oxygen,
and nitrogen can readily form covalent bonds with carbon.
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Covalent bonding video
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Ions = electrically charged matter Ions form when electrons are lost or gained. Ionic bonds form when a positive ion is attracted to a
negative ion.
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Ionic bonding video
Click on image to play video.
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Making polymers
When monomers (single units) transfer electrons between one another, they form dimers.
Adding more monomers form polymers.
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Important polymers & complex molecules
Polysaccharides Proteins Nucleic acids Lipids
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Methane Acetylene Butadiene Benzene Isooctane
Section 2-3
Figure 2-11 Carbon Compounds
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Starch
Glucose
Section 2-3
Figure 2-13 A Starch
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Lipids
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General structure Alanine Serine
Section 2-3
Amino group Carboxyl group
Figure 2-16 Amino Acids
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Aminoacids
Figure 2-17 A Protein
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Nucleic acids