BIOACTIVE INGREDIANTS

ZYNTHOXYLEM GENUS

Abdul Samad

PhD Scholar

Supervisor:. Dr. Syed Badshah

1

PHYTOCHEMISTRY

BILOGICAL ACTIVITY

Outlines

2

ALKALOIDS

Fagaronine

Iwamide

Chelerythrine

Isotembetarine

Dictamine

Sanguanarine

Nitidine

Integriamide

3

Structures

4

Biological Activities

Anti-

Tumor

Anti

Bacterial

Nematicide

Anti

Malarial

Anti

leukemic

Anti

Fungal

Anti

Oxidant

Important of

these are

5

LIGNANS

Syringaresinol (+)-Sesamin

(-)-Cubebin Ailanthoidol

6

Structures

7

Biological Activities

The moreimportant of these are

Antiviral

Antitumor

Antihepatotoxic

Antituberculous

Insecticides

8

AurapteneCollinine

larcinatin

9

Structures

10

Biological Activities

USEFULL/

IMPORTANT

Antibacterial

Antitumor

Vasodilatory

Anticoagulant

11

1,8-cineole

cis-4-thujanolTERPENES

Germacrene D-

4-ol

Elemol

β- Myrcene

β-Phellandrene

Germacrene D

Sabinene

12

Structures

13

STEROLS

β-Sitosterol lupeol Stigmasterol Campesterol

14

Structures

15

Biological Activities

Fumigant Insecticidal

Antifungal

16

The term allelopathy from the Greek, allelo- and Pathy (meaning

"mutual harm" or "suffering")

The Austrian professor Hans Molisch in 1937.

Allelochemicals, biochemicals that influence the growth, survival,

and reproduction of one plant by another plant.

At a concentration of 2500 µM, xanthoxyline (Z. limonella)

completely inhibited seed germination and growth of Chinese

amaranth, and showed a significantly inhibitory effect on seed

germination of Barnyard grass by 43.59%

Allelopathic Activity

17

An analgesic, or painkiller, is any member of the group of

drugs used to achieve analgesia — relief from pain.

The study on the extract of the root bark of

Z.xanthoxyloids showed analgesia, probably, by inhibiting

prostaglandin production, because some isolated and

purified alkaloids of the root bark of Z. xanthoxyloides

have anti-prostaglandin synthetase activity

Analgesic activity

18

Anticonvulsant activity

Anticonvulsants ( antiepileptic drugs or antiseizure

drugs) are a diverse group of pharmaceuticals used

in the treatment of epileptic seizures.

Anticonvulsant activity was carried out with the

methanol and aqueous extracts from leaves of Z.

capense. Both showed significant activity, finding

that----- delay seizures or act as agonists.

19

Antihelmitic activity

Antihelmitic or anthelmintic are drugs that expel parasitic worms

(helminths) and other internal parasites from the body by either

stunning or killing them and without causing significant damage to

the host.

They may also be called vermifuges (those which stun) or

vermicides (those which kill).

Two recent studies reveal that acetone: water (70:30) and ethanol

extracts from leaves of Z. Xanthoxyloides showed promising

activity against Asaris lumbricoides, Haemonchus contortus,

Trichostrongylus colubriformis that can lead to deaths in sheep or

goats worldwide.

20

Anti-inflammatory activity

Anti- inflammatory or antiinflammatory refers to the property of a substance that

reduces inflammation or swelling.

The extracts (methonolic, ethonolic, hexane, ethyl acetate) of various species of

Z. Genus have presented promising results of antiinflammatory activity.

The isolated compounds such as Alkaloids, Terpenes and Coumarins have been

proved to have anti-inflammatory potential.

Lupeol, found in most species of the genus Zanyhoxylum has gained wide

attention of medical professionals, pharmaceutical marketers and researchers all

around the world for its inhibitory effects on inflammation under in vitro and in

animal models of inflammation

21

Cytotoxic activity

Cytotoxicity is the quality of being toxic to cells.

Benzophenanthridine alkaloids, are characterized by their potent

antitumor activity.

Chelidonin, as the main component of Ukrain ®, (celandine) an

anti-cancer medicament.

Berberine,isolated from Z. monophyllum showed activity against

HT-29 (colorectal cancer), MCF-7 (breast cancer), HEp-2 (larynx

cancer) and MKN-45 (gastric cancer) cell lines.

Nitidine chloride and 6-methoxy-5, 6- dihydronitidine, isolated from

Z. macrophylla, also have exhibited antitumor activity against

different human cell lines.

22

Antinociceptive activity

Reducing sensitivity to painful stimuli.

Z.chilipirone, 100 and 200 mg/kg, to detect significantly

inhibition in the paw lick, suggesting, the extracts possess

constituents with antinociceptive activity.

Ethanol extract of Z. rhoifolium and one of the major

constituents (lupeol) have antinociceptive activity, in

different models of chemical nociception ( pain sense) in

mice.

23

24

Antioxidant activity

Antioxidants, molecules that inhibit or

scavenge the oxidation of other molecules.

Glutathione, Vitamins (A,C,E), enzymes such

as Catalase, Superoxide dismutase and Various

Peroxidases.

Zynthoxylem. bungeanum,Z. alatum,

Z.piperitum and Z. achanthopodium have

demonstrated an interesting antioxidant power.

25